1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors'
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11 @unnumbered Introduction
13 @divClass{column-center-top}
16 @imageFloat{flat-design,png,right}
18 LilyPond came about when two musicians wanted to go beyond the
19 soulless look of computer-printed sheet music. Musicians prefer
20 reading beautiful music, so why couldn't programmers write
21 software to produce elegant printed parts?
23 The result is a program that creates beautiful sheet music
24 following the best traditions of classical music engraving.
25 It takes care of the details of layout programmatically,
26 allowing composers, transcribers and publishers to focus
27 on the @emph{music} instead of improving their software's
28 default output. Performers will get parts that let them
29 concentrate on @emph{playing} music instead of @emph{reading} it.
34 @divClass{link-headings}
36 @divClass{column-left-top}
37 @subheading What LilyPond does
42 @ref{Features}: What can LilyPond do?
45 @ref{Examples}: I want to see some music!
48 @ref{Freedom}: LilyPond is Free Software.
51 @ref{Background}: Our computational aesthetics.
56 @divClass{column-right-top}
57 @subheading LilyPond in use
61 @ref{Productions}: Real-life use of LilyPond.
64 @ref{Reviews}: What do people say?
69 @divClass{column-center-bottom}
70 @subheading How LilyPond works
74 @ref{Text input}: You write music as @emph{text}?!
77 @ref{Easier editing}: Other ways of working with LilyPond.
84 @c TRANSLATORS, translations are not yet compiled in Info format, so
85 @c it's not worth translating the right column of the following
89 * Features:: What can LilyPond do?
90 * Examples:: I want to see some music!
91 * Freedom:: Freedom and the GPL.
92 * Background:: Computational aesthetics.
93 * Productions:: Real-life use of LilyPond.
94 * Reviews:: What do people say about it?
95 * Text input:: You write music as text?!
96 * Easier editing:: Other ways of working with LilyPond.
103 @unnumberedsec Features
104 @divClass{column-center-top}
107 @subheading Excellent classical engraving
109 @imageFloat{flat-design,png,right}
111 LilyPond allows musicians to produce elegant sheet music that is
112 easy to read. Its developer community has spent thousands of hours
113 developing powerful music engraving software that results in beautifully
114 engraved music. All of LilyPond's style settings, font designs and
115 algorithms have been inspired by the finest hand-engraved music.
116 LilyPond output has the same strong, balanced and elegant look as the
117 best-engraved classical scores. This is further explained in our
123 @divClass{column-center-top}
124 @subheading Text input
126 @subsubheading Everything is explicit
128 LilyPond processes text input, which contains all information
129 about the @emph{content} of your score and can easily be read
130 by any human or another program. There are no obscure
131 settings hidden behind menu items and binary file storage.
133 Read more about this concept on @ref{Text input}.
136 @subsubheading Tweaks are robust and traceable
138 If you have to change anything in the layout this tweak will
139 also be explicitly visible in the input file in human-readable
140 form, so you will always be able to retrace what you've done.
141 If you should accidentally break anything you can easily revert
142 or modify any decision without being at the mercy of an
143 @emph{Undo} function.
146 @subsubheading Text files are failure- and future-proof
148 Text files are very robust against file corruption. And as they are
149 human-readable, you will always be able to interpret them even if
150 you don't have access to the programs that created them.
153 @subsubheading Manage your scores with version control
155 Text files are applicable to be managed by version control. Go
156 for it and experience infinite and selective undo/redo mechanisms
157 and the full development history of your scores. Version control
158 may also open up new (collaborative) workflows for you.
162 @divClass{column-center-top}
163 @subheading Usability
165 @imageFloat{lilypond-book,png,right}
168 @subsubheading Effective layout choices
170 Spend less time with tweaking the output; LilyPond gets the
171 formatting correct right from the start. It determines spacing by
172 itself, and breaks lines and pages to provide a tight and uniform
173 layout. Clashes between lyrics, notes, and chords are resolved
174 and slurs and beams are sloped, automatically!
177 @subsubheading Mix music and text
179 Put fragments of music into texts without cutting and pasting
180 pictures. Integrate music into @LaTeX{} or HTML seamlessly, or add
181 music to OpenOffice.org/LibreOffice with OOoLilyPond. Plugins are
182 also available to allow LilyPond code in various blogs and wikis, making
183 online collaboration possible.
186 @subsubheading Accessibility
188 Text-based input also makes score-writing possible for users with
189 severe physical disabilities. Dexterity-impaired users who are
190 unable to type or control a computer mouse can use
191 speech-recognition software to edit LilyPond files. Even users
192 who are totally blind can use screen-reading software to write
193 LilyPond files -- an impossible task in graphical-based
194 score-writing programs.
195 You can see a spectacular score on @ref{Examples}.
197 @subsubheading Editor diversity
199 Several developers, themselves active LilyPond users,
200 have written tools specifically aimed at making the process of editing
201 LilyPond files faster and more effective; you are not tied to
202 a single user interface but can use different tools for different tasks.
203 You can even use a full-fledged LilyPond editor at home and use your
204 mobile phone's notepad app to edit the files on the go. For some examples,
205 see @ref{Easier editing}.
206 @c TODO: Change this when the new pages have been written and pushed
211 @divClass{column-center-top}
213 @subheading Extensible design
215 @subsubheading Easy management of style sheets
217 All layout settings can be changed to suit your personal typographical
218 taste. So you can easily write style sheets that change every aspect of
219 LilyPond scores' default appearance. As these are also written as text
220 and can be stored in separate files you can simply switch between two
221 stylesheets to produce scores with a completely different appearance or
223 You want to print a score on A4 paper and project it with a beamer,
224 one system per page? LilyPond's layout engine will effortlessly produce
225 both from the same input.
227 @subsubheading Add your own functions
229 If that still is not enough, there is always the built-in
230 scripting language Scheme, which can access LilyPond's layout
231 engine at the same level as LilyPond itself does, making it
232 a @emph{very} powerful tool.
233 Settings, variables and functions are all documented in the
234 comprehensive program reference manual.
236 @subsubheading Process scores programmatically
238 LilyPond input files can fully be edited or even generated by programs
239 and scripts. This can for example be used for algorithmical composition.
240 But you can also access the musical content for analysis, or manage
241 input fragments in a database. There are no limitations except your
245 @subsubheading Create new tools using LilyPond
247 As LilyPond isn't a monolithic GUI program but a command line tool it
248 can be used from within other applications too. This way it is possible
249 to equip tools like e.g. web applications with LilyPond's engraving
250 power. There already exist several online tools using LilyPond.
252 @c (TBD: Add a link to the new @ref{Applications} page.
257 @divClass{column-center-top}
259 @subheading Environment
261 @imageFloat{frescobaldi-lilypond-editor-small,png,right}
265 @subsubheading Excellent support
267 LilyPond runs on all popular platforms: GNU/Linux, MacOS X, and
268 Windows. LilyPond comes with extensive documentation and hundreds
269 of example files. There is an active user community answering
270 questions on the lilypond-user mailing list, offering you friendly
271 help. The response time is usually very short, and often brillant
272 solutions to reported problems are developed. Thanks to the close
273 interaction with the development team such solutions are regularly
274 included in LilyPond itself.
275 Read more in @ref{Community}.
278 @subsubheading Free software
280 LilyPond can be downloaded free of charge! Yep - It's free. Get
281 it from the download page.
283 It's also free (as in @qq{speech}) software. It comes with source
284 code, and permission to change and copy it. So, are you irritated
285 by a bug, or yearning for a feature? Simply add it yourself, or
286 pay someone else to do it.
287 Read more on @ref{Freedom}.
290 @divClass{column-center-bottom}
291 @subheading Where now?
293 Still not convinced? Look at some specific @ref{Examples}. If you've
294 already decided to try LilyPond, first read about our
301 @unnumberedsec Examples
303 @divClass{column-center-top}
305 @subheading Beautiful examples
307 LilyPond is a powerful and flexible tool for engraving tasks of
308 all kinds. Please browse our gallery of examples and be inspired!
312 @divClass{column-center-middle-color2}
313 @subheading Classical Music
315 This organ work by J.S. Bach is a fairly typical engraving project
318 @exampleImage{bach-bwv610}
321 @divClass{column-center-middle-color2}
322 @subheading Complex Notation
324 This example from @emph{Goyescas} by Enrique Granados shows some
325 of the more advanced features of typesetting, including kneed
326 beams, cross-staff stems, and voice-follow lines.
328 @exampleImage{granados}
331 @divClass{column-center-middle-color2}
332 @subheading Early Music
334 LilyPond also supports various types of ancient notation, such
335 as this passage of Gregorian chant.
337 @exampleImage{ancient-headword}
340 @divClass{column-center-middle-color2}
341 @subheading Modern Music
343 Contemporary composers find LilyPond well-suited to displaying
344 unusual notation. Here is an excerpt from Trevor Bača's
345 @emph{Čáry}, for unaccompanied bass flute.
351 @divClass{column-center-middle-color2}
352 @subheading Efficient, flexible creation of performance materials
354 Various performance materials can be created from the same source
355 code. This is an excerpt of @uref{http://nicolas.sceaux.free.fr/,
356 Nicolas Sceaux's} engraving of Handel's @emph{Giulio Cesare}, in
357 full score, piano-vocal reduction, and a violin part.
359 @exampleImage{sesto-full}
361 @exampleImage{sesto-piano}
363 @exampleImage{sesto-violin}
367 @divClass{column-center-middle-color2}
368 @subheading Tablature
370 LilyPond supports tablature notation, which can be customized to
371 suit any instrument that reads from tablature. The tablature
372 staff is generated automatically from notes entered for the 5-line
375 @exampleImage{tab-example}
378 @divClass{column-center-middle-color2}
379 @subheading Schenker Graphs
381 Standard output can be modified heavily. Here is an impressive
382 Schenkerian analysis, created by Kris Schaffer, for an article
383 in @uref{http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8364 , Linux Journal}.
384 The colors have been added for better visibility.
386 @exampleImage{bach-schenker}
389 @divClass{column-center-middle-color2}
390 @subheading Customized Output
392 A short excerpt from Stockhausen's Klavierstück II to demonstrate
393 Lilypond's ability to provide customised output.
395 @exampleImage{Stockhausen_Klavierstueck2}
398 @divClass{column-center-middle-color2}
399 @subheading Vocal Music
401 LilyPond is excellent for vocal music of all kinds, from sacred
402 hymns to opera. Here is a medieval motet with slightly unusual
403 requirements. The tenor voice is written in a different meter
404 than the others, but must line up as if it were in the same meter.
405 LilyPond handles this most elegantly. Note also the incipits with
406 Vaticana style clefs, the slashed stems indicating plicated notes,
407 and the ligature braces above certain groups of notes.
409 @exampleImage{aucun-snippet}
412 @divClass{column-center-middle-color2}
413 @subheading Educational Applications
415 LilyPond is perfectly suited for educational purposes as well.
416 Here is an example of a simple counterpoint exercise.
418 @exampleImage{theory}
421 @divClass{column-center-middle-color2}
422 @subheading Popular Music
424 It is simple to create pop lead sheets with melody, lyrics,
425 chord names, and fretboards. In this example you see some of the
426 predefined fretboard diagrams, but these can be heavily customized
427 to suit nearly any situation.
432 @divClass{column-center-middle-color2}
433 @subheading Large Projects
435 LilyPond is excellent for large projects like operas or works for
436 full symphony orchestra, as well. In addition, the text-based
437 input provides greater accessibility -- this example was
438 contributed by Hu Haipeng, a blind composer.
440 @exampleImage{orchestra}
443 @divClass{column-center-bottom}
444 @subheading Where now?
446 Still not convinced? LilyPond is Free software, granting you
447 @ref{Freedom}. If you've already decided to try LilyPond, first
448 read about our @ref{Text input}.
453 @unnumberedsec Freedom
455 @divClass{column-center-top}
456 @subheading Free Software
458 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/, GNU} LilyPond is written and maintained
459 by a community of enthusiasts. It is published under the
460 @ref{GPL, GNU General Public License} and the @ref{FDL, GNU Free
461 Documentation License}, giving everybody the freedom to fix,
462 modify, and extend the program. Creating beautiful music should
463 not require hundreds of dollars of software!
467 @c @divClass{column-left-top}
468 @divClass{column-center-middle-color2}
469 @divClass{keep-bullets}
470 @subheading What are the benefits to users?
475 No cost: download and try it out! What do you have to lose?
478 Sharing: if you like the program, give a copy to your friends,
479 teachers, students, and colleagues!
482 Source available: if you are curious about how LilyPond creates
483 some notation, you can see exactly how it is done.
486 Extendible: you can add features, fix bugs, and change the
487 functionality. If you are not a programmer, you can hire somebody
490 This may not seem appealing to casual musicians, but the ability
491 to extend software can be highly valuable to serious composers,
492 companies, and academics.
495 Future safety: if a commercial company goes bankrupt, what happens
496 to any electronic music which depends on their products? This is
497 not a concern with LilyPond; even if the entire development team
498 quits (extremely unlikely), the program will still be legally
499 available for copying, modifications, and distribution.
508 @c @divClass{column-right-top}
509 @divClass{column-center-middle-color3}
510 @divClass{keep-bullets}
511 @subheading Why do LilyPond developers @qq{give away} their work for free?
513 Most of us view LilyPond development as a hobby or volunteer work.
514 So this question is really asking @qq{why do people volunteer}?
519 Fun: working towards a goal can be enjoyable, especially when you
523 Shared goals: we all want beautiful sheet music, but few people
524 have the expertise (and nobody has the time!), to create a program
525 which can handle all situations. By working together -- one
526 person improves the automatic beaming code, another person
527 improves the shape of slurs, and a third person writes
528 documentation explaining how to use these features -- we can
529 achieve our goal with only a fraction of the individual effort.
532 @qq{Gift culture}: the Free Software
533 movement has created many great software projects, such as
534 @uref{http://kernel.org/, GNU/Linux},
535 @uref{http://www.getfirefox.com/, Mozilla Firefox}, and
536 @uref{http://www.wesnoth.org/, Battle for Wesnoth}. Having
537 benefitted from these projects, some developers want to @qq{give
538 back} to the community.
541 Work experience: contributing to free software projects is a great way to
542 practice programming, documentation writing, documentation translation,
543 or design. This experience has helped some developers gain job offers
553 @divClass{column-center-bottom}
554 @subheading Where now?
556 Still not convinced? Read our extensive essay about our engraving
557 philosophy in @ref{Background}. If you've already decided to try
558 LilyPond, first read about our @ref{Text input}.
563 @unnumberedsec Background
565 @divClass{column-center-top}
566 @subheading Background essay
568 We have an extensive essay describing computational aesthetics:
569 the art of creating beauty with a computer.
571 This is interesting reading if you are interested in an in-depth
572 discussion of our fundamental ideas. Due to its volume the
573 essay is available as a "manual". If you would like to read
574 it now, please progress to @ref{Essay}. However, if you just
575 want a quick introduction to LilyPond, you might skip it for now.
578 @divClass{column-center-bottom}
579 @subheading Where now?
581 Still not convinced? Read about some of our users'
582 @ref{Productions} and sheet music. If you've already decided to
583 try LilyPond, first read about our @ref{Text input}.
588 @unnumberedsec Productions
590 @divClass{column-center-top}
592 @subheading Productions using LilyPond
594 Here you can read about people who actually use LilyPond
595 in their productions, be it for performances of their
596 music or as published scores.
600 @divClass{column-left-top}
603 LilyPond engravings have been used for performances around the world.
606 @divClass{keep-bullets}
610 @uref{http://www.aurelienbello.com/,Aurélien Bello} has arranged a
611 @q{reduced} version of Richard Strauss's @emph{Der Rosenkavalier} for
612 four singers and a chamber orchestra of thirteen players. To be
614 @uref{http://www.festspielhaus.de/veranstaltung/der-kleine-rosenkavalier-02-04-2015-1100/,April 2nd and 6th}
615 at the Festspielhaus, Baden-Baden, and then again on
616 @uref{http://www.berliner-philharmoniker.de/konzerte/kalender/details/21070/,April 26th}
617 in the @emph{Großer Saal}, Berlin. Aurélien has also re-orchestrated
618 @emph{Der Ring des Nibelungen} by Richard Wagner to a
619 @uref{http://www.rsb-online.de/content/konzerte/wagnerzyklus-10-13/wagner-fuer-kinder/index_ger.html,100-minute version for children}.
620 Written for a standard symphony orchestra, but with a reduced cast of
621 singers, it was performed by the @emph{Radio-Sinfonieorchester Berlin}
622 in April 2014 at the Atze Musiktheater, Berlin. The Conductor was Heiko
626 Joe Smeets created sheet music for the children's book @emph{Zing Mee}
627 (@emph{Sing along}) by Annie M.G. published by Querido -- ISBN
629 @uref{http://www.queridokinderenjeugdboeken.nl/web/Boek.htm?dbid=18954&typeofpage=134707, www.queridokinderenjeugdboeken.nl}; choir
630 rehearsal scores for the Dutch translation of Benjamin Britten's
631 @emph{Saint Nicolas} performed by @emph{Muziektheater Hollands Diep} in
633 @uref{http://www.muziektheaterhollandsdiep.nl/nl/voorstellingen/sint_nicolaas_leeft, www.muziektheaterhollandsdiep.nl}; and is currently
634 working on the score and parts for an arrangement of Moussurgsky's
635 @emph{Boris Godounov} for wind quartet, piano and percussion and was
636 performed in 2014, again by @emph{Muziektheater Hollands Diep}.
639 A critical edition of Tommaso Traetta's @emph{Enea nel Lazio (1760)},
640 opera series with libretto by Vittorio Amedeo Cigna-Santi, in four
642 @uref{http://www.academia.edu/1987651/Enea_nel_Lazio_opera_riformata_prima_lazione_poi_le_parole_-_Partitura_1_4_, Part One}
643 @uref{http://www.academia.edu/1994533/Enea_nel_Lazio_opera_riformata_prima_lazione_poi_le_parole_-_Partitura_2_4_, Part Two}
644 @uref{http://www.academia.edu/1994558/Enea_nel_Lazio_opera_riformata_prima_lazione_poi_le_parole_-_Partitura_3_4_, Part Three}
645 @uref{http://www.academia.edu/1996242/Enea_nel_Lazio_opera_riformata_prima_lazione_poi_le_parole_-_Partitura_4_4_, Part Four}
647 @uref{http://unito.academia.edu/LucaRossettoCasel, Luca Rossetto Casel}
648 for his Ph.D. Thesis.
651 Mussorgsky's @emph{Pictures at an exhibition}, was re-orchestrated and
652 conducted by @uref{http://www.aurelienbello.com/,Aurélien Bello} with
653 the @uref{http://www.junge-philharmonie-brandenburg.de/,
654 Junge Philharmonie Brandenburg} in October 2011 and April 2012.
657 @uref{http://www.kierenmacmillan.info/, Kieren MacMillan}, composer and
658 musical director. His many, recent works include; @emph{Go Thy Way},
659 performed by the @uref{http://www.saltlakechoralartists.org/,
660 Salt Lake Choral Artists} in March 2012; The
661 @emph{Just Out of Reach Suite} performed
663 @uref{http://www.herald-dispatch.com/news/marshall/x1883873762/Music-duo-Chrysalis-to-perform-at-Marshall-University-on-Jan-19,
664 Chrysalis Duo} ; @emph{thrafsmata} performed in July 2011 by the
665 @uref{http://www.pnme.org/CurrentSeason/PreviousSeasons.html, Pittsburgh
669 @emph{Anonymous Student Compliment or Complaint}, by
670 @uref{http://www.mikesolomon.org, Mike Solomon}, winner chosen from among
671 172 entries from 22 countries of the
672 @uref{http://leftcoastensemble.org, 2011 Left Coast Composition Contest}.
673 Other works include, Norman (age 1) for clarinet solo, performed at the
674 @uref{http://emu.music.ufl.edu/fems_concerts.html, University of Florida}'s
675 Electroacoustic Music Festival (FEMF), October 2010.
678 A modern edition of the @emph{Serenata Erminia} by Alessandro Scarlatti,
679 edited by Thomas Griffin, Musicologist (Rome, Italy). Performed on 22
680 October 2010 in the Galleria of the Palazzo Zevallos Stigliano, Naples,
681 Italy. @uref{http://www.ascarlatti2010.net, Alessandro Scarlatti 2010},
682 in celebration of the composer's 350th birthday.
685 @uref{http://www.mercurybaroque.org, Mercury Baroque}'s performance of
686 Lully's @emph{Armide}, May 15-16, 2009, in Houston, Texas (engraving by
687 @uref{http://nicolas.sceaux.free.fr/, Nicolas Sceaux}).
690 Instrumental excerpts from Rameau's @emph{Hippolyte et Aricie} at
691 St. James's Church in Manhattan, May 8, 2009, by Frederick Renz
692 and his ensemble @uref{http://www.earlymusicny.org/, Early Music
693 New York} (engraving by
694 @uref{http://nicolas.sceaux.free.fr/, Nicolas Sceaux}).
697 @emph{Affaire étrangère}, an opera by
698 @uref{http://valentin.villenave.net/,Valentin Villenave}
699 to a French libretto by
700 @uref{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Trondheim, Lewis
701 Trondheim}, premiered February 1, 2009 at
702 @uref{http://www.orchestre-montpellier.com/, L'Opéra National de
703 Montpellier}, France.
711 @divClass{column-right-top}
712 @subheading Published sheet music
714 @divClass{keep-bullets}
718 @uref{http://www.mutopiaproject.org/index.html, Mutopia Project},
719 over 1500 pieces of classical sheet music for free download, and
720 the main showcase of LilyPond scores.
722 @c don't make this "Mutopia" a link, since that looks silly.
724 @uref{http://etudeapp.com, Etude}, @qq{sheet music on steroids} is
725 an iPhone app which displays piano music engraved with LilyPond,
726 including many pieces from Mutopia. The app includes a virtual
727 piano keyboard showing which keys to press to help beginners learn
728 how to read sheet music.
731 @uref{http://www.adoromusicpub.com/, Adoro Music Publishing},
732 high-quality scores of sacred music, available for immediate
733 download or in traditional paper format.
736 @uref{http://www.shadylane.fr, The Shady Lane Publishing},
737 a @qq{micro musical publishing house} whose goal is to promote a
738 new form of musical economy closer to the musicians and music
747 @contactUsAbout{concerts or sheet music}
749 @divClass{column-center-bottom}
750 @subheading Where now?
752 Still not convinced? Read some of our users' @ref{Reviews}.
753 If you've already decided to try LilyPond, first read about our
757 @c TRANSLATORS, so far it's mostly from
758 @c http://lilypond.org/web/switch/testimonials
761 @unnumberedsec Reviews
763 @divClass{column-center-top}
764 @subheading What do people say about LilyPond?
769 @divClass{column-left-top}
770 @subheading Published articles
772 @divClass{keep-bullets}
778 @uref{http://www.linux-magazine.com,Linux Magazine} publishes an
780 @uref{http://www.linux-magazine.com/w3/issue/126/088-090_projects.pdf,
781 Projects on the Move}. It is an introductory article on MuseScore,
782 LilyPond and Chordii. Author Carla Schroder states @qq{LilyPond is
783 driven from the command line, but don’t let the lack of a GUI scare
784 you away; LilyPond is user-friendly and easy to learn}, and provides
790 Peter Kirn, on the Create Digital Music website, publishes a
791 @uref{http://createdigitalmusic.com/2010/05/14/lilypond-free-beautiful-music-notation-engraving-for-anyone/,LilyPond
792 review}. He takes a balanced view on usage, praises LilyPond's
793 high-quality notation and suggests to try it out.
798 The German LinuxUser magazine wrote an
799 @uref{http://www.linux-community.de/Internal/Artikel/Print-Artikel/LinuxUser/2009/10/Digitaler-Notenschluessel,
800 article about LilyPond}.
806 @uref{http://www.polyphonic.org/article.php?id=188, Polyphonic.org}
807 website, presents comments by two orchestra librarians who
808 talk about using software to maintain their libraries.
813 In an @uref{http://news.lilynet.net/Free-Music-Now, article}
814 published in the French @emph{National Conservatory Parent
815 Association}'s yearly magazine, French composer and LilyPond
816 contributor Valentin Villenave explains how Free licenses, and
817 specifically LilyPond-engraved scores, are instrumental in
818 making written music accessible to all.
823 In @uref{http://www.musicbyandrew.ca/finale-lilypond-1.html,
824 articles on his personal site}, Andrew Hawryluk compares Finale
825 and LilyPond in general terms, and evaluates engraving
826 capabilities of both pieces of software in detail. The second
827 article is an instructive analysis of engraving issues in
828 Rachmaninoff's Piano Prelude No. 6, including comparisons with a
829 hand-engraved reference edition.
834 @uref{http://distrowatch.com,DistroWatch} awards LilyPond and
835 @uref{http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20060605,writes}
836 @qq{Ladies and Gentleman, we are pleased to announce that, based
837 on readers' requests, the DistroWatch May 2006 donation has been
838 awarded to LilyPond (@euro{}190.00) and Lua (US$250.00).}
843 @uref{http://linuxjournal.com,Linux Journal} publishes an article
844 titled @uref{http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8364, Make
845 Stunning Schenker Graphs with GNU LilyPond}. It is an in-depth
846 but hands-on feature article with crisp LilyPond graphics. Author
847 Kris Shaffer remarks @qq{GNU LilyPond generates beautiful graphics
848 that make commercial alternatives seem second-rate.}
853 The Belgian newspaper De Standaard investigates what drives Free
854 Software authors in an article titled
855 @uref{http://www.standaard.be/Artikel/Detail.aspx?artikelId=G42H5GD6,
856 Delen van KENNIS zonder WINSTBEJAG} (Non-profit sharing of
857 knowlegde) in its @q{DS2 bijlage}. LilyPond is used as an example
858 and the article is interspersed with quotes from an email
859 interview with Jan Nieuwenhuizen. This marks LilyPond's first
860 appearance in mainstream printed press.
865 A French article on the LilyPond 2.6 release appeared on
866 @uref{http://linuxfr.org/2005/06/27/19210.html, linuxfr.org}.
871 The editors of Computer!Totaal, a Dutch computer magazine,
872 @uref{http://lilypond.org/website/pdf/computer-totaal.jpeg,
873 describe LilyPond} in the October 2004 issue as: @qq{Wonderful
874 free (open source) software [@dots{}] The sheet music produced by
875 LilyPond is exceptionally pretty [@dots{}] a very powerful system that
876 can do almost anything.}
881 Dave Phillips wrote an introductory article for
882 @uref{http://linuxjournal.com,Linux Journal}: At
883 the sounding edge: LilyPond, parts
884 @uref{http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7657, one} and
885 @uref{http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7719, two}.
891 @uref{http://www.all-day-breakfast.com/cannam/linux-musician/lilypond.html,interviewed}
892 Han-Wen Nienhuys and Jan Nieuwenhuizen on linuxmusician.com
893 (original site defunct). This interview was also reviewed in a
894 @uref{http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=04/03/13/2054227&tid=,
900 Jazz singer Gail Selkirk writes about
901 @uref{http://www.songbirdofswing.com/editorial_page/lilypond/,
902 Diving into LilyPond}. @qq{@dots{} you can make lead sheets or full
903 orchestral parts, and the results can be stunning.}
904 @uref{http://www.computermusic.co.uk/, Computer Music Special},
913 @divClass{column-right-top}
914 @subheading User testimonials
916 @divClass{testimonial-item}
917 @imageFloat{carter-brey,jpg, right}
918 @subsubheading @uref{http://nyphil.org/meet/orchestra/index.cfm?page=profile&personNum=7, Carter Brey}, Principal Cellist, New York Philharmonic
920 @qq{@dots{} I've written a couple of encore pieces for solo cello
921 which I've printed with LilyPond and which I'm going to submit to
922 Schirmer for publication. I'll bet their engraved version wouldn't
923 look half as sharp as mine!}
927 @divClass{testimonial-item}
928 @imageFloat{orm-finnendahl,jpg, left}
929 @subsubheading @uref{http://icem-www.folkwang-hochschule.de/~finnendahl/, Orm Finnendahl}, professor of Composition, Musikhochschule Freiburg
931 @qq{Although I don't know [LilyPond] very well yet, I'm
932 @strong{*very} impressed. I used the program to input a motet of
933 Josquin Desprez in mensural notation and there's no doubt that
934 lilypond outscores all other notation programs easily concerning
935 speed, ease of use and look!}
939 @divClass{testimonial-item}
940 @imageFloat{darius-blasband,jpg, right}
941 @subsubheading Darius Blasband, composer (Brussels, Belgium)
943 @qq{[..after the first orchestra rehearsal] I got numerous
944 compliments about the quality of the scores. Even more
945 importantly, while LilyPond provides numerous hacks to improve the
946 way its scores look, what the orchestra got from me is basically
947 the raw, untouched output.}
951 @divClass{testimonial-item}
952 @subsubheading Kieren MacMillan, composer (Toronto, Canada)
954 @qq{thanks and kudos to the development team for their incredible
955 work. I've never seen anything approaching the output that I get
956 from LilyPond -- I'm totally confident that my music publishing
957 needs will be fulfilled beyond my expectations using this great
958 application. [@dots{}] basically untweaked LilyPond output
959 [@dots{}] looks better than most recent @q{professional}
960 publications I've compared it to (q.v., just about any Warner
961 Bros. score, and even many of the most recent by @q{the old
962 houses}). [@dots{}]} @qq{Beat that, Finale/Sibelius/Igor/whatever!!!}
966 @divClass{testimonial-item}
967 @subsubheading Chris Cannam, lead programmer of the @uref{http://www.rosegardenmusic.com/, RoseGarden} project
969 @qq{LilyPond is obviously the zillion-ton gorilla [of great music
974 @divClass{testimonial-item}
975 @subsubheading Chris Snyder, @uref{http://www.adoromusicpub.com/, Adoro Music Publishing}
977 @qq{The way that music is entered for LilyPond causes me to think in a
978 more musical way -- there have been times when I've been stumped as
979 to how to tell Lily to engrave something, only to realize that
980 even if I did get it exactly as the composer wanted, the music
981 would be confusing to read. LilyPond makes it much easier for me
982 to work in my dual editor+engraver role.}
984 @qq{I've been using LilyPond exclusively for my fledgling music
985 publishing business. Virtually without exception, every composer
986 has been blown away by the quality of the engraving when presented
987 with the proofs of their music about to be published. I deserve
988 some of the credit for this -- I spend a lot of time tweaking
989 output, especially ties (mainly in chords) -- but LilyPond gives
990 me an excellent starting point, a very intuitive interface, and
991 the ability to modify absolutely anything if I want to take the
992 time. I'm convinced that no commercial product can come close.}
996 @divClass{testimonial-item}
997 @subsubheading David Bobroff, Bass Trombone, Iceland Symphony Orchestra
999 @qq{I think LilyPond is great [@dots{}] The more I learn about LilyPond
1000 the more I like it!}
1004 @divClass{testimonial-item}
1005 @subsubheading Vaylor Trucks, Electric guitar player (Yes, @uref{http://www.allmanbrothersband.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=userpage&file=content&page_id=12, related to})
1007 @qq{I am super impressed with LilyPond [@dots{}]}
1009 @qq{THIS IS THE BEST PROGRAM EVER!!!}
1011 @qq{Thank you all SO MUCH for your hard work and dedication!}
1015 @divClass{testimonial-item}
1016 @subsubheading @uref{http://nicolas.sceaux.free.fr/, Nicolas Sceaux}, @uref{http://www.mutopiaproject.org/, Mutopia} contributor
1018 @qq{I had a kind of hate-passion relationship with it. Passion
1019 because the first score I saw was so amazing! The description of
1020 LilyPond lies about its beautifulness, it is too modest! [@dots{}] as
1021 LilyPond is getting always better, and as I look closer how things
1022 are done in scheme, I have less and less frustrations. Anyway,
1023 what I mean is: thank you for providing LilyPond, it is really
1028 @divClass{testimonial-item}
1029 @subsubheading @uref{http://www.troff.org/whoswho.html#werner, Werner Lemberg}, Conductor at the Theatre in Koblenz, Germany and distinguished GNU Hacker
1031 @qq{Anyway, LilyPond does an amazingly good job!}
1035 @divClass{testimonial-item}
1036 @subsubheading Paul Davis, developer of @uref{http://jackaudio.org/, JACK} and @uref{http://www.ardour.org/, Ardour}
1038 @qq{I think [LilyPond is] an incredible program, and it produces
1039 wonderful, wonderful output. when i read an interview about it
1040 last year, i was raving to several friends of mine about its
1045 @divClass{testimonial-item}
1046 @subsubheading @uref{http://webusers.siba.fi/~mkuuskan/, Dr. Mika Kuuskankare}, researcher at the @uref{http://siba.fi, Sibelius Academy Finland}, composer and author of Expressive Notation Package (ENP)
1048 @qq{I have the deepest respect towards LilyPond and towards its creators
1049 and maintainers as I know from personal experience how difficult this
1050 kind of software can be.}
1054 @divClass{testimonial-item}
1055 @subsubheading @uref{http://camerondh.blogspot.com, David Cameron}, Musician, professional typesetter and long time SCORE user
1057 @qq{My heartfelt thanks to everyone who contributes to this project. I
1058 was a power SCORE user for big typesetting houses way back in the '90s,
1059 but I feel LilyPond finally makes it possible for me to get exactly what
1060 I want on the page, especially when it isn't "standard" practice.}
1065 @contactUsAbout{news articles or testimonals}
1067 @divClass{column-center-bottom}
1068 @subheading Where now?
1070 Read about our @ref{Text input}.
1076 @unnumberedsec Text input
1078 @c TRANSLATORS, so far it's mostly from
1079 @c http://lilypond.org/web/switch/howto
1081 @divClass{column-center-top}
1082 @subheading @qq{Compiling} Music
1084 @imageClickable{nereid-shot-small,png, (click to enlarge), nereid-shot,png, right}
1086 LilyPond is a @emph{compiled} system: it is run on a text file
1087 describing the music. The resulting output is viewed on-screen or
1088 printed. In some ways, LilyPond is more similar to a programming
1089 language than graphical score editing software.
1091 You do not write music by dragging notes from a graphical toolbar
1092 and placing them on a dynamically refreshing score; you write
1093 music by typing text. This text is interpreted (or @qq{compiled})
1094 by LilyPond, which produces beautifully engraved sheet music.
1096 People accustomed to graphical user interfaces might need to learn
1097 a new way of working, but the results are definitely worth it!
1099 @warning{We present a quick overview of our text input -- it's not
1100 as complicated as it sounds! Don't worry about understanding
1101 every detail in these examples; our beginner documentation covers
1102 everything at a much more gradual pace.}
1105 @subsubheading It's as simple as A B C
1107 Notes are encoded with letters and numbers. Special commands are
1108 entered with backslashes.
1110 @imageFloat{text-input-1-annotate,png,center}
1111 @imageFloat{text-input-1-output,png,center}
1113 Alterations are made with different names: add @w{@code{-is}} for
1114 sharp, and @w{@code{-es}} for flat (these are Dutch note names, other
1115 languages are available). LilyPond figures out where to put
1118 @imageFloat{text-input-2-annotate,png,center}
1119 @imageFloat{text-input-2-output,png,center}
1122 @subsubheading Pop music
1124 Put chords and lyrics together to get a lead sheet:
1126 @imageFloat{text-input-pop-annotate,png,center}
1127 @imageFloat{text-input-pop-output,png,center}
1131 @subsubheading Orchestral parts
1133 The input file contains the notes of piece of music. Score and
1134 parts can be made from a single input file, so that changing a
1135 note always affects the score and parts. To be able to include
1136 the same music in multiple places, the music is assigned to a
1137 @qq{variable} (a name).
1139 @imageFloat{text-input-parts-both-annotate,png,center}
1142 This variable is then used in a single part (here transposed, with
1143 condensed rests spanning several measures):
1145 @imageFloat{text-input-parts-single-annotate,png,center}
1146 @imageFloat{text-input-parts-single-output,png,center}
1149 The same variable is used in the full score (here in concert
1152 @imageFloat{text-input-score-annotate,png,center}
1153 @imageFloat{text-input-score-output,png,center}
1156 @subsubheading Beginner Documentation
1158 We realize that many users find this way of entering music a bit
1159 odd. For this reason, we have written extensive documentation to
1160 help new users, beginning with @ref{Learning}. The Learning
1161 Manual is the best place to start, as many questions are answered
1162 before they come up!
1164 Occasionally new users are unnecessarily confused by some aspects
1165 of LilyPond's behaviour. Please read this manual before doubting
1166 whether LilyPond is working correctly.
1168 More in-depth information is available in @ref{Manuals}.
1170 Ben Lemon, a LilyPond user, has created a range of
1171 @uref{http://benlemon.me/blog/music/lilypond/operation-lilypond/,video tutorials}
1172 on his blog and which are aimed at new users.
1175 @subsubheading Easier editing environments
1177 @imageClickable{lilykde-screenshot-small,png,
1178 (click to enlarge),lilykde-screenshot,png,right}
1180 LilyPond is primarily concerned with producing top-quality
1181 engraved sheet music; creating a Graphical User Interface (GUI)
1182 would distract us from this goal. However, there are other
1183 projects aimed at making it easier to create LilyPond input files.
1185 Some editing environments include syntax highlighting, automatic
1186 command completion, and pre-made templates. Other programs
1187 actually provide a GUI which allows direct manipulation of a
1188 graphical score. For more information, see @ref{Easier editing}.
1192 @divClass{column-center-bottom}
1193 @subheading Where now?
1195 You are now ready to @ref{Download, Download LilyPond}. Still not
1196 convinced? Read about @ref{Easier editing}.
1201 @node Easier editing
1202 @unnumberedsec Easier editing
1205 GNU policy forbids us from linking to non-Free software, so don't
1208 In particular, don't link to:
1209 - the LilyPond bundle for TextMate (a commercial editor for MacOS).
1213 @divClass{column-center-top}
1214 @subheading Front-end Applications
1215 @subsubheading Frescobaldi
1217 @imageClickable{frescobaldi-lilypond-editor-small,png,
1218 (click to enlarge),frescobaldi-lilypond-editor,png,right}
1220 @sourceimage{logo-linux,,,}
1221 @sourceimage{logo-macosx,,,}
1222 @sourceimage{logo-windows,,,}
1224 @uref{http://www.frescobaldi.org}
1226 Frescobaldi is a lightweight, yet powerful, music and text editor
1227 with many features added and enhanced particularly for LilyPond. Major
1228 features include point-and-click links between the code and music views,
1229 detailed score wizards, built in LilyPond documentation browser, syntax
1230 highlighting and automatic completion. Frescobaldi is written in
1231 Python, with PyQt4 for its user interface, and will run on all major
1232 operating systems (GNU/Linux, Mac OS X and Windows).
1234 @subsubheading Denemo
1236 @imageClickable{screenshot-denemo-small,png,
1237 (click to enlarge),screenshot-denemo,png,right}
1239 @sourceimage{logo-linux,,,}
1240 @sourceimage{logo-macosx,,,}
1241 @sourceimage{logo-windows,,,}
1243 @uref{http://denemo.org}
1245 Denemo is a graphical editor which generates LilyPond source code,
1246 and also allows audio playback. It allows users to view the
1247 LilyPond source code in parallel to the graphical view. Extra
1248 LilyPond tweaks can be attached to notes, chords etc. and are stored
1249 with the Denemo file, so that users can continue to edit graphically.
1251 Moving the cursor in the LilyPond text moves the cursor in the graphical
1252 view, and any syntax errors in your LilyPond tweaks are highlighted in
1253 the text view when printed from there.
1257 @divClass{column-center-top}
1258 @subheading Browser-based editors
1260 @subsubheading LilyBin
1261 @uref{http://lilybin.com}
1263 A web-based LilyPond editor where you can typeset your scores directly
1264 online without needing to install LilyPond.
1266 @subsubheading Tunefl
1267 @uref{http://www.tunefl.com}
1269 With tunefl, you can typeset your mini-scores directly online without
1270 needing to install LilyPond locally. It allows trying out all the
1271 program's features using a convenient web interface.
1275 @divClass{column-center-top}
1276 @subheading IDE Plug-ins
1278 @subsubheading Elysium
1280 @sourceimage{logo-linux,,,}
1281 @sourceimage{logo-freebsd,,,}
1282 @sourceimage{logo-macosx,,,}
1283 @sourceimage{logo-windows,,,}
1285 @uref{http://elysium.thsoft.hu}
1287 Elysium is a LilyPond IDE for Eclipse with an integrated, side-by-side
1288 view for source and score. It includes rapid visual & auditive feedback
1289 without having to switch contexts, and comes with many wizard-driven
1294 @divClass{column-center-top}
1295 @subheading Text editors
1297 @sourceimage{logo-linux,,,}
1298 @sourceimage{logo-freebsd,,,}
1299 @sourceimage{logo-macosx,,,}
1300 @sourceimage{logo-windows,,,}
1302 @subsubheading Emacs
1303 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/}
1304 Emacs is a text editor with language-sensitive capabilities for many
1305 different computer languages. Emacs is a highly extensible editor and
1306 can be used as an Integrated Development Environment. There is a
1307 @q{lilypond mode} which supplies the language definitions for working
1308 with LilyPond source files. A developer has written
1309 @uref{https://github.com/nsceaux/lyqi,lyqi}, an Emacs major mode.
1311 If you are not already familiar with Emacs then you may probably prefer
1312 to use a different editor for writing LilyPond input files.
1314 More information on setting up Emacs can be found in
1315 @rprogram{Text editor support}.
1318 @uref{http://www.vim.org}
1319 Vim is a minimal text editor and is an extension of the older Unix
1320 @command{vi} editor. It is also extensible and configurable.
1322 If you are not already familiar with Vi then you may probably prefer
1323 to use a different editor for writing LilyPond input files.
1325 More information on setting up Vim can be found in
1326 @rprogram{Text editor support}.
1328 @sourceimage{logo-macosx,,,}
1329 @subsubheading TeXShop
1330 @uref{http://www.uoregon.edu/~koch/texshop}
1332 The TeXShop editor for MacOS@tie{}X can be extended to run LilyPond,
1333 @command{lilypond-book} and @command{convert-ly} from within the editor,
1334 using the extensions available at:
1337 @uref{http://users.dimi.uniud.it/~nicola.vitacolonna/home/content/lilypond-scripts}
1342 @divClass{column-center-top}
1343 @subheading Other programs that can export LilyPond code
1345 @subsubheading Score, tab and MIDI editors:
1350 @uref{http://www.jezra.net/projects/bwwtolily,bwwtolily} attempts to
1351 convert a @code{.bww} or @code{.bmw} file to LilyPond. While not all of
1352 the embellishments may get converted properly (this is especially true
1353 with piobaireachd), the program will list them.
1356 @uref{http://www.canorus.org,Canorus}, a score editor, can also export
1357 to LilyPond, but is still beta-software. Testers are welcome, though.
1360 @uref{http://enc2ly.sourceforge.net/en/,Enc2ly} is a GNU/Linux program
1361 which converts an Encore music score into a LilyPond one.
1364 @uref{https://github.com/hanwen/go-enc2ly,go-enc2ly} is a Go tool that
1365 converts Encore files to LilyPond. It was created using Felipe Castro's
1366 research and reverse engineering by tweaking existing .enc files and
1367 loading them using the 4.55 demo version.
1370 @uref{http://www.musescore.org,MuseScore}, a score editor, has
1371 incomplete LilyPond export but is being actively developed.
1374 @uref{http://vsr.informatik.tu-chemnitz.de/staff/jan/nted/nted.xhtml,NtEd},
1375 a score editor based on the @uref{http://www.cairographics.org,Cairo}
1376 library, it has experimental support for exporting to LilyPond.
1379 @uref{http://www.holmessoft.co.uk/homepage/software/NWC2LY/index.htm,NW2LY}
1380 is a C# program which converts a NoteWorthy composer song into LilyPond.
1383 @uref{https://github.com/ciconia/ripple/blob/master/README.markdown,Ripple}
1384 is a program that helps create scores and parts, including a mode for
1385 mixing different musical works together in a single score or part.
1388 @uref{http://www.rosegardenmusic.com,Rosegarden}, an audio and MIDI
1389 sequencer, which also has a score editor for single-staff editing.
1393 @subsubheading Algorithmic code generators
1398 @uref{http://www.projectabjad.org/,Abjad}, a
1399 @uref{http://www.python.org/,Python} API for Formalized Score Control
1400 designed to help composers build up complex pieces of LilyPond notation
1401 in an iterative and incremental way.
1404 @uref{http://common-lisp.net/project/fomus/,FOMUS}, (FOrmat MUSic) is a
1405 music notation tool for computer music composers. It is written in the
1406 Lisp programming language, and has been tested in a variety of
1407 interpreters. A C++ port is also available.
1410 @uref{http://strasheela.sourceforge.net/strasheela/doc/index.html,Strasheela},
1411 an environment built on top of the
1412 @uref{http://www.mozart-oz.org/, Mozart/Oz} constraint programming
1418 @divClass{column-center-top}
1420 @subheading Other programs no longer being actively developed
1425 @uref{https://sourceforge.net/projects/lily4jedit,LilyPondTool} was
1426 created as a plugin for the @uref{http://www.jedit.org,jEdit} text
1430 @uref{http://lilykde.googlecode.com/,LilyKDE} has been replaced by
1431 @uref{http://www.frescobaldi.org/,Frescobaldi}, and exists as LilyKDE3
1432 for KDE 3.5 and lilypond-KDE4 for KDE 4.1 only.
1435 @uref{http://noteedit.berlios.de,NoteEdit}, which imported
1436 @uref{http://www.makemusic.com/musicxml,MusicXML}, has been forked into
1437 @uref{http://vsr.informatik.tu-chemnitz.de/staff/jan/nted/nted.xhtml,NtEd}
1438 and @uref{http://canorus.org,Canorus}.
1441 @uref{http://lilycomp.sourceforge.net, LilyComp} is a graphical note
1442 entry program, acting much like a number-pad which produces LilyPond
1446 @uref{https://launchpad.net/rumor/,Rumor}, a realtime monophonic
1447 MIDI-to-LilyPond converter.
1450 @uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/tuxguitar/,TuxGuitar}, a
1451 multitrack tablature editor and player, includes a score viewer and can
1459 @divClass{column-center-bottom}
1460 @subheading Where now?
1462 You are now ready to @ref{Download, Download LilyPond}.
1464 Still not convinced? Many composers, musicians, and conductors
1465 have learned how to write music in our input format. Experienced
1466 users even report that they can enter a full score in LilyPond
1467 faster than with a piano keyboard or mouse+GUI! Perhaps you would
1468 like to review the @ref{Features}, @ref{Examples}, or the
1469 @ref{Freedom} that LilyPond provides, or read about users'
1470 @ref{Productions} and @ref{Reviews}. In addition, our
1471 approach to the computational aesthetics of classical engraving is
1472 explained in our @ref{Background}.
1477 @divClass{column-center-bottom}
1478 @subheading Legalese
1481 All logos and product images are copyright and trademark