1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
15 @c TODO: delete this comment block
16 @c http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
17 @c Done, see @node Lyrics independent of notes ----FV
19 @c http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=329
20 @c Done, see @node Working with lyrics and variables ----FV
22 @c partially done, needs improvement, see Switching to an alternative melody ----FV
25 > I think the issue here is that changing the associatedVoice
27 > later than expected. I could be wrong, but I don't think this
31 If you read section "Switching the melody associated with a lyrics
33 it indeed says "Again, the command must be one syllable too
35 One problem with the current formulation is that the "Again"
36 refers to what's described 2 subsections earlier in "Lyrics to
37 multiple notes of a melisma", which isn't obvious unless you have
42 @c Done in @node Extenders and hyphens ---FV
43 @c also done (duplicated) in @node Multiple notes to one syllable --FV
44 I don't know who's working on the vocal music right now, but I
45 found something that should be clarified in NR 2.1.2.4.
47 It should be made clear that __ is used to crate a lyric extender,
48 and _ is used to add a note to a melisma, so both __ and _ are
49 used. The example shows it, but there is no description of the
50 lyrics extender in this section.
54 Since LilyPond input files are text, there are two issues to consider
55 when working with vocal music:
59 Song texts must be interpreted as text, not notes. For example, the
60 input@tie{}@code{d} should be interpreted as a one letter syllable,
64 Song texts must be aligned with the notes of their melody.
67 To address the first issue, the fundamental method is the special mode
68 opened by @code{\lyricmode} that interprets its contents as text.
69 This mode is implicit by some abbreviated methods, as we will see.
71 Aligning of text with melodies can be made automatically, but if you
72 specify the durations of the syllables it can also be made manually.
73 Lyrics aligning and typesetting are prepared with the help of skips,
74 hyphens and extender lines.
76 All these methods and their combinations lead to a few different ways
77 to define lyrics; we shall begin by examining the simplest method, and
78 gradually increase complexity.
81 * Common notation for vocals::
82 * Aligning lyrics to a melody::
83 * Placement of lyrics::
88 @node Common notation for vocals
89 @subsection Common notation for vocals
92 * References for vocal music::
93 * Setting simple songs::
95 * Working with lyrics and variables::
98 @node References for vocal music
99 @subsubsection References for vocal music
104 @q{Parlato} is spoken without pitch but still with rhythm; it is
105 notated by cross note heads. This is demonstrated in
106 @ref{Special note heads}.
109 @node Setting simple songs
110 @subsubsection Setting simple songs
114 The easiest way to add lyrics to a melody is to append
117 \addlyrics @{ @var{the lyrics} @}
121 to a melody. Here is an example,
123 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
125 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
126 \addlyrics { play the game }
129 More stanzas can be added by adding more
130 @code{\addlyrics} sections
132 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
134 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
135 \addlyrics { play the game }
136 \addlyrics { speel het spel }
137 \addlyrics { joue le jeu }
140 The command @code{\addlyrics} cannot handle polyphony settings. For these
141 cases you should use @code{\lyricsto} and @code{\lyricmode}, as will be
142 introduced in @ref{Entering lyrics}.
146 @node Entering lyrics
147 @subsubsection Entering lyrics
152 @cindex spaces, in lyrics
153 @cindex quotes, in lyrics
155 Lyrics are entered in a special input mode, which can be introduced
156 by the keyword @code{\lyricmode}, or by using @code{\addlyrics} or
157 @code{\lyricsto}. In this mode you can enter lyrics,
158 with punctuation and accents, and the input @code{d} is not parsed as
159 a pitch, but rather as a one letter syllable. Syllables are entered
160 like notes, but with pitches replaced by text. For example,
163 \lyricmode @{ Twin-4 kle4 twin- kle litt- le star2 @}
166 There are two main methods to specify the horizontal placement
167 of the syllables, either by specifying the duration of each syllable
168 explicitly, like in the example above, or by automatically aligning
169 the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using @code{\addlyrics}
172 @c For more details see @ref{The Lyrics context}.
174 A word or syllable of lyrics begins with an alphabetic character, and ends
176 any space or digit. The following characters can be any character
177 that is not a digit or white space.
179 Any character that is not a digit or white space will be regarded as
180 part of the syllable; one important consequence of this is that a word
181 can end with @code{@}}, which often leads to the following mistake:
184 \lyricmode @{ lah- lah@}
187 In this example, the @code{@}} is included in the final syllable, so the
188 opening brace is not balanced and the input file will probably not
192 @funindex \property in \lyricmode
195 Similarly, a period which follows an alphabetic sequence is included in
196 the resulting string. As a consequence, spaces must be inserted around
197 property commands: do @emph{not} write
200 \override Score.LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
207 \override Score . LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
211 @cindex spaces, in lyrics
212 @cindex quotes, in lyrics
213 @cindex ties, in lyrics
215 In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
216 surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
217 between syllables, or use tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie.
219 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
221 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
222 \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
223 \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
224 \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
227 The lyric tie is implemented with the Unicode character U+203F, so be
228 sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
232 To enter lyrics with characters from non-English languages, or with
233 accented and special characters (such as the heart symbol or slanted quotes),
234 simply insert the characters directly into the input file and save
235 it with UTF-8 encoding. See @ref{Text encoding}, for more info.
237 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
238 \relative c' { e4 f e d e f e2 }
239 \addlyrics { He said: “Let my peo ple go”. }
242 To use normal quotes in lyrics, add a backslash before the
245 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
246 \relative c' { \time 3/4 e4 e4. e8 d4 e d c2. }
247 \addlyrics { "\"I" am so lone- "ly\"" said she }
250 The full definition of a word start in Lyrics mode is somewhat more
253 A word in Lyrics mode begins with: an alphabetic character, @code{_},
254 @code{?}, @code{!}, @code{:}, @code{'}, the control characters @code{^A}
255 through @code{^F}, @code{^Q} through @code{^W}, @code{^Y}, @code{^^},
256 any 8-bit character with ASCII code over 127, or a two-character
257 combination of a backslash followed by one of @code{`}, @code{'},
258 @code{"}, or @code{^}.
260 @c " to balance double quotes for not-so-bright context-sensitive editors
262 To define variables containing lyrics, the function @code{lyricmode}
266 verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
269 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' @{
272 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
274 \addlyrics @{ \verseOne @}
283 @rinternals{LyricText},
284 @rinternals{LyricSpace}.
286 @node Working with lyrics and variables
287 @subsubsection Working with lyrics and variables
289 @cindex lyrics, variables
291 To define variables containing lyrics, the function @code{\lyricmode}
292 must be used. You do not have to enter durations though, if you add
293 @code{\addlyrics} or @code{\lyricsto}
294 when invoking your variable.
297 verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
300 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' @{
303 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
305 \addlyrics @{ \verseOne @}
310 For different or more complex orderings, the best way is to setup the
311 hierarchy of staves and lyrics first, e.g.,
314 \new Voice = "soprano" @{ @emph{music} @}
315 \new Lyrics = "sopranoLyrics" @{ s1 @}
316 \new Lyrics = "tenorLyrics" @{ s1 @}
317 \new Voice = "tenor" @{ @emph{music} @}
321 and then combine the appropriate melodies and lyric lines
324 \context Lyrics = sopranoLyrics \lyricsto "soprano"
330 The final input would resemble
333 <<\new ChoirStaff << @emph{setup the music} >>
334 \lyricsto "soprano" @emph{etc}
335 \lyricsto "alto" @emph{etc}
342 http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=329
343 The problem cannot be reproduced.
344 The following has no sense, because the issue seems to be fixed.
345 A comment is in tracker waiting for response ---FV
348 Be careful when defining a variable with lyrics that creates a new
349 context, for example, using the deprecated @code{\lyrics} command. See
350 the next erroneous example:
353 words = \lyrics{ %warning: this creates a new context
357 \new Voice = "sop" { c1 }
358 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "sop" { \words }
359 \new Voice = "alt" { c2 c }
360 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "alt" { \words }
364 the problem is that \lyricsto will try to connect the "sop" melody with the context
365 created by "\new Lyrics".
367 Then \lyrics in \words creates another context, and the original "\new Lyrics" one
374 @c TODO: document \new Staff << Voice \lyricsto >> bug
376 @rinternals{LyricCombineMusic},
380 @node Aligning lyrics to a melody
381 @subsection Aligning lyrics to a melody
388 Lyrics are printed by interpreting them in the context called
392 \new Lyrics \lyricmode @dots{}
395 There are two main methods to specify the horizontal placement
400 by automatically aligning
401 the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using @code{\addlyrics}
405 or by specifying the duration of each syllable
406 explicitly, using @code{\lyricmode}
410 * Automatic syllable durations::
411 * Manual syllable durations::
412 * Multiple syllables to one note::
413 * Multiple notes to one syllable::
415 * Extenders and hyphens::
416 * Lyrics and repeats::
419 @node Automatic syllable durations
420 @subsubsection Automatic syllable durations
422 @cindex automatic syllable durations
423 @cindex lyrics and melodies
425 The lyrics can be aligned under a given melody
426 automatically. This is achieved by combining the
427 melody and the lyrics with the @code{\lyricsto} expression
430 \new Lyrics \lyricsto @var{name} @dots{}
433 This aligns the lyrics to the
434 notes of the @rinternals{Voice} context called @var{name}, which must
435 already exist. Therefore normally the @code{Voice} is specified first, and
436 then the lyrics are specified with @code{\lyricsto}. The command
437 @code{\lyricsto} switches to @code{\lyricmode} mode automatically, so the
438 @code{\lyricmode} keyword may be omitted.
440 The following example uses different commands for entering lyrics.
442 @lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim]
444 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
447 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
450 % not recommended: left aligns syllables
451 \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy4 to8. the16 world!4. the8 Lord4 is come.2 }
453 % wrong: durations needed
454 \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy to the earth! the Sa -- viour reigns. }
457 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { No more let sins and sor -- rows grow. }
461 The second stanza is not properly aligned because the durations
462 were not specified. A solution for that would be to use @code{\lyricsto}.
464 The @code{\addlyrics} command is actually just a convenient way
465 to write a more complicated LilyPond structure that sets up the
470 \addlyrics @{ LYRICS @}
477 \new Voice = "blah" @{ music @}
478 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "blah" @{ LYRICS @}
481 @node Manual syllable durations
482 @subsubsection Manual syllable durations
484 Lyrics can also be entered without @code{\addlyrics} or
485 @code{\lyricsto}. In this case,
486 syllables are entered like notes -- but with pitches replaced by text -- and the
487 duration of each syllable must be entered explicitly. For example:
494 The alignment to a melody can be specified with the
495 @code{associatedVoice} property,
498 \set associatedVoice = #"lala"
502 The value of the property (here: @code{"lala"}) should be the name of
503 a @rinternals{Voice} context. Without this setting, extender lines
504 will not be formatted properly.
506 Here is an example demonstrating manual lyric durations,
508 @lilypond[relative=1,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
509 << \new Voice = "melody" {
513 \new Lyrics \lyricmode {
514 \set associatedVoice = #"melody"
525 @node Multiple syllables to one note
526 @subsubsection Multiple syllables to one note
530 @cindex ties, in lyrics
532 In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
533 surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
534 between syllables, or use tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric
535 tie@footnote{The lyric ties is implemented with the Unicode character
537 sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
540 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
542 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
543 \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
544 \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
545 \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
551 @rinternals{LyricCombineMusic}.
553 @c Here come the section which used to be "Melismata"
554 @c the new title might be more self-explanatory
557 @node Multiple notes to one syllable
558 @subsubsection Multiple notes to one syllable
562 @cindex phrasing, in lyrics
564 Sometimes, particularly in Medieval music, several notes are to be sung on one
565 single syllable; such vocalises are called melismas, or melismata.
567 @c this method seems to be the simplest; therefore
568 @c it might be better to present it first - vv
570 You can define melismata entirely in the lyrics, by entering @code{_}
571 for every extra note that has to be added to the the melisma.
574 @c duplicated: TODO fix
575 Additionaly, you can make an extender line to be typeset to indicate
576 the melisma in the score, writing a double underscore next to the
577 first syllable of the melisma. This example shows the three elements
578 that are used for this purpose (all of them surrounded by spaces):
579 double hyphens to separate syllables in a word, underscores to add
580 notes to a melisma, and a double underscore to put an extender line.
582 @c wrong: extender line only on last syllable of a word. Change example
583 @lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,fragment,quote]
584 { \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
585 c d( e) f f( e) e e }
587 { Ky -- _ _ ri __ _ _ _ e }
590 In this case, you can also have ties and slurs in the melody if you
591 set @code{melismaBusyProperties}, as is done in the example above.
593 However, the @code{\lyricsto} command can also
594 detect melismata automatically: it only puts one
595 syllable under a tied or slurred group of notes. If you want to force
596 an unslurred group of notes to be a melisma, insert @code{\melisma}
597 after the first note of the group, and @code{\melismaEnd} after the
600 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
602 \new Voice = "lala" {
610 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lala" {
616 In addition, notes are considered a melisma if they are manually
617 beamed, and automatic beaming (see @ref{Setting automatic beam
618 behavior}) is switched off.
620 @c TODO: there might be some more relevant place for
621 @c the following link (?)
626 A complete example of a SATB score setup is in section
627 @rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
632 @code{\melisma}, @code{\melismaEnd}
633 @funindex \melismaEnd
638 @c @lsr{vocal,lyric@/-combine.ly}.
642 Melismata are not detected automatically, and extender lines must be
646 @subsubsection Skipping notes
648 Making a lyric line run slower than the melody can be achieved by
649 inserting @code{\skip}s into the lyrics. For every @code{\skip},
650 the text will be delayed another note.
654 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
655 \relative c' { c c g' }
663 @node Extenders and hyphens
664 @subsubsection Extenders and hyphens
669 @c leave this as samp. -gp
670 In the last syllable of a word, melismata are sometimes indicated with
671 a long horizontal line starting in the melisma syllable, and ending in
672 the next one. Such a line is called an extender line, and it is
673 entered as @samp{ __ } (note the spaces before and after the two
674 underscore characters).
676 @warning{Melismata are indicated in the score with extender lines,
677 which are entered as one double underscore; but short melismata can
678 also be entered by skipping individual notes, which are entered as
679 single underscore characters; these do not make an extender line to be
684 @c leave this as samp. -gp
685 Centered hyphens are entered as @samp{ -- } between syllables of a same word
686 (note the spaces before and after the two hyphen characters). The hyphen
687 will be centered between the syllables, and its length will be adjusted
688 depending on the space between the syllables.
690 In tightly engraved music, hyphens can be removed. Whether this
691 happens can be controlled with the @code{minimum-distance} (minimum
692 distance between two syllables) and the @code{minimum-length}
693 (threshold below which hyphens are removed).
698 @rinternals{LyricExtender},
699 @rinternals{LyricHyphen}
701 @node Lyrics and repeats
702 @subsubsection Lyrics and repeats
704 @c TODO New section. Add text
708 @node Placement of lyrics
709 @subsection Placement of lyrics
711 Often, different stanzas of one song are put to one melody in slightly
712 differing ways. Such variations can still be captured with
717 * Lyrics independent of notes::
719 * Spacing out syllables::
720 * Centering lyrics between staves::
726 @subsubsection Divisi lyrics
728 You can display alternate (or divisi) lyrics by naming voice
729 contexts and attaching lyrics to those specific contexts.
731 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
733 \new Voice = "melody" {
738 \new Voice = "splitpart" { \voiceTwo c4 }
743 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { we shall not o- ver- come }
744 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "splitpart" { will }
749 You can use this trick to display different lyrics for a repeated
752 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
754 \new Voice = "melody" \relative c' {
756 \new Voice = "verse" \repeat volta 2 {c4 d e f | g1 | }
758 \new Lyrics = "mainlyrics" \lyricsto melody \lyricmode {
761 \context Lyrics = "mainlyrics" \lyricsto verse \lyricmode {
763 \new Lyrics = "repeatlyrics" \lyricsto verse \lyricmode {
764 dodo rere mimi fafa solsol }
771 @node Lyrics independent of notes
772 @subsubsection Lyrics independent of notes
774 @cindex Devnull context
776 In some complex vocal music, it may be desirable to place
777 lyrics completely independently of notes. Music defined
778 inside @code{lyricrhythm} disappears into the
779 @code{Devnull} context, but the rhythms can still be used
782 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
785 \tag #'music { c''2 }
786 \tag #'lyricrhythm { c''4. c''8 }
790 lyr = \lyricmode { I like my cat! }
793 \new Staff \keepWithTag #'music \voice
794 \new Devnull="nowhere" \keepWithTag #'lyricrhythm \voice
795 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "nowhere" \lyr
796 \new Staff { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c' c'
797 c' c' c' c' c' c' c' c' }
801 This method is recommended only if the music in the @code{Devnull}
802 context does not contain melismata. Melismata are defined by the
803 @code{Voice} context. Connecting lyrics to a @code{Devnull} context
804 makes the voice/lyrics links to get lost, and so does the info on
805 melismata. Therefore, if you link lyrics to a @code{Devnull} context,
806 the implicit melismata get ignored.
808 @c Conclusion: do not use devnull for lyrics -FV
810 @c this clarifies http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
814 @subsubsection Chants
816 @c TODO Add text from lsr and -user
819 @node Spacing out syllables
820 @subsubsection Spacing out syllables
822 @cindex Spacing lyrics
823 @cindex Lyrics, increasing space between
825 To increase the spacing between lyrics, set the minimum-distance property of
828 @lilypond[relative,verbatim,fragment,quote,ragged-right]
831 \override Lyrics.LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
835 longtext longtext longtext longtext
836 longtext longtext longtext longtext
840 To make this change for all lyrics in the score, set the property in the
843 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
850 longtext longtext longtext longtext
851 longtext longtext longtext longtext
856 \override LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
863 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
869 Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins is
870 a relatively large computational task. To speed up processing, LilyPond does
871 not perform such calculations by default; to enable it, use
874 \override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##t
877 To make lyrics avoid bar lines as well, use
883 \consists "Bar_engraver"
884 \consists "Separating_line_group_engraver"
885 \override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
890 @c TODO Create and add lsr example of lyricMelismaAlignment
891 @c It's used like this to center-align all lyric syllables,
892 @c even when notes are tied. -td
897 \context { \Score lyricMelismaAlignment = #0 }
902 @node Centering lyrics between staves
903 @subsubsection Centering lyrics between staves
905 @c TODO Add text from -user
912 * Adding stanza numbers ::
913 * Adding dynamics marks to stanzas::
914 * Adding singers' names to stanzas::
915 * Stanzas with different rhythms::
916 * Printing stanzas at the end ::
917 * Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns ::
921 @node Adding stanza numbers
922 @subsubsection Adding stanza numbers
924 @cindex stanza number
926 Stanza numbers can be added by setting @code{stanza}, e.g.,
928 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
930 \time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
936 Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
942 These numbers are put just before the start of the first syllable.
944 @c TODO Create and add snippet to show how two lines of a
945 @c stanza can be grouped together, along these lines:
946 @c (might need improving a bit) -td
949 leftbrace = \markup { \override #'(font-encoding . fetaBraces) \lookup
953 \set stanza = \markup { "1. " \leftbrace }
954 \lyricmode { Child, you're mine and I love you.
955 Lend thine ear to what I say.
961 % \set stanza = \markup { " "}
962 \lyricmode { Child, I have no great -- er joy
963 Than to have you walk in truth.
969 \repeat volta 2 { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4
970 c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4 }
971 } \addlyrics { \stanzaOneOne }
972 \addlyrics { \stanzaOneThree }
976 @node Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
977 @subsubsection Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
979 Stanzas differing in loudness may be indicated by putting a
980 dynamics mark before each stanza. In LilyPond, everything coming in
981 front of a stanza goes into the @code{StanzaNumber} object; dynamics marks
982 are no different. For technical reasons, you have to set the stanza
983 outside @code{\lyricmode}:
985 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
987 \set stanza = \markup { \dynamic "ff" "1. " }
994 \new Voice = "tune" {
998 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "tune" \text
1002 @node Adding singers' names to stanzas
1003 @subsubsection Adding singers' names to stanzas
1006 @cindex name of singer
1008 Names of singers can also be added. They are printed at the start of
1009 the line, just like instrument names. They are created by setting
1010 @code{vocalName}. A short version may be entered as @code{shortVocalName}.
1012 @lilypond[fragment,ragged-right,quote,verbatim,relative=2]
1014 \time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
1016 \set vocalName = "Bert "
1017 Hi, my name is Bert.
1019 \set vocalName = "Ernie "
1020 Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
1024 @node Stanzas with different rhythms
1025 @subsubsection Stanzas with different rhythms
1027 @subsubheading Ignoring melismata
1029 One possibility is that the text has a melisma in one stanza, but
1030 multiple syllables in another one. One solution is to make the faster
1031 voice ignore the melisma. This is done by setting
1032 @code{ignoreMelismata} in the Lyrics context.
1034 There is one tricky aspect: the setting for @code{ignoreMelismata}
1035 must be set one syllable @emph{before} the non-melismatic syllable
1036 in the text, as shown here,
1038 @c TODO: breaks compile
1039 @c seems to be fixed, does not break compile anymore --FV
1040 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
1042 \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
1043 \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
1049 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1052 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1053 \set ignoreMelismata = ##t % applies to "fas"
1055 \unset ignoreMelismata
1062 The @code{ignoreMelismata} applies to the syllable @q{fas}, so it
1063 should be entered before @q{go}.
1066 @subsubheading Switching to an alternative melody
1068 More complex variations in text underlay are possible. It is possible
1069 to switch the melody for a line of lyrics during the text. This is
1070 done by setting the @code{associatedVoice} property. In the example
1072 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote]
1074 \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
1075 \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
1078 \new Voice = "alternative" {
1081 % show associations clearly.
1082 \override NoteColumn #'force-hshift = #-3
1093 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1094 Ju -- ras -- sic Park
1096 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1097 % Tricky: need to set associatedVoice
1098 % one syllable too soon!
1099 \set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
1103 \set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
1109 the text for the first stanza is set to a melody called @q{lahlah},
1112 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
1113 Ju -- ras -- sic Park
1118 The second stanza initially is set to the @code{lahlah} context, but
1119 for the syllable @q{ran}, it switches to a different melody.
1120 This is achieved with
1122 \set associatedVoice = alternative
1126 Here, @code{alternative} is the name of the @code{Voice} context
1127 containing the triplet.
1129 This command must be one syllable too early, before @q{Ty} in this
1130 case. In other words, changing the associatedVoice happens one step
1131 later than expected. This is for technical reasons, and it is not a
1135 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
1136 \set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
1140 \set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
1146 The underlay is switched back to the starting situation by assigning
1147 @code{lahlah} to @code{associatedVoice}.
1150 @node Printing stanzas at the end
1151 @subsubsection Printing stanzas at the end
1153 Sometimes it is appropriate to have one stanza set
1154 to the music, and the rest added in verse form at
1155 the end of the piece. This can be accomplished by adding
1156 the extra verses into a @code{\markup} section outside
1157 of the main score block. Notice that there are two
1158 different ways to force linebreaks when using
1161 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote]
1162 melody = \relative c' {
1168 \set stanza = "1." Ma- ry had a lit- tle lamb,
1169 its fleece was white as snow.
1173 \new Voice = "one" { \melody }
1174 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
1180 \line{ All the children laughed and played }
1181 \line{ To see a lamb at school. }
1188 Mary took it home again,
1190 It was against the rule."
1195 @node Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
1196 @subsubsection Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
1198 When a piece of music has many verses, they are often printed in
1199 multiple columns across the page. An outdented verse number often
1200 introduces each verse. The following example shows how to produce such
1203 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
1204 melody = \relative c' {
1209 \set stanza = "1." This is verse one.
1214 \new Voice = "one" { \melody }
1215 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
1222 \hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin;
1223 % can be removed if space on the page is tight
1227 "This is verse two."
1231 \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
1234 "This is verse three."
1239 \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
1240 % if they are still too close, add more " " pairs
1241 % until the result looks good
1245 "This is verse four."
1249 \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
1252 "This is verse five."
1257 \hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin;
1258 % can be removed if page space is tight
1266 Internals Reference:
1267 @rinternals{LyricText},
1268 @rinternals{StanzaNumber}.