[lilypond.git] / Documentation / es / user / templates.itely

@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
@c This file is part of lilypond.tely
@ignore
    Translation of GIT committish: 7cc6b12897031c450e3399d59cdb22ca9df4fd8c

    When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
    version that you are working on.  See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore

@c \version "2.11.51"

@node Templates
@appendix Templates

Esta sección del manual contiene plantillas con la partitura de LilyPond
ya preparada.  Sólo tiene que escribir las notas, lanzar LilyPond y ¡disfrutar de
unas hermosas partituras impresas!

@c bad node name for ancient notation to avoid confict
@menu
* Single staff::                
* Piano templates::             
* String quartet::              
* Vocal ensembles::             
* Ancient notation templates::  
* Jazz combo::                  
* lilypond-book templates::     
@end menu


@node Single staff
@appendixsec Single staff
@appendixsubsec Notes only

El primer ejemplo le ofrece un pentagrama con notas, apropiado para un instrumento
solista o un fragmento melódico.  Córtelo y péguelo en un archivo,
escriba las notas y ¡ha terminado!

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
melody = \relative c' {
   \clef treble
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a4 b c d
}

\score {
   \new Staff \melody
   \layout { }
   \midi {}
}
@end lilypond

@appendixsubsec Notes and lyrics

El siguiente ejemplo es una demostración de una sencilla melodía con letra.  Corte y
pegue, escriba las notas y luego el texto de la letra.  Este ejemplo desactiva
el barrado de figuras automático, lo que es frecuente para las partes vocales.  Si quiere usar el
barrado automático, tendrá que cambiar o convertir en un comentario la línea
correspondiente.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
melody = \relative c' {
   \clef treble
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a4 b c d
}

text = \lyricmode {
   Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}

\score{
   <<
      \new Voice = "one" {
         \autoBeamOff
         \melody
      }
      \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
   >>
   \layout { }
   \midi { }
}
@end lilypond

@appendixsubsec Notes and chords

¿Quiere preparar una «lead sheet» u hoja guía de una canción con acordes?  ¡No busque más!

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
melody = \relative c' {
   \clef treble
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   f4 e8[ c] d4 g |
   a2 ~ a2 |
}

harmonies = \chordmode {
   c4:m f:min7 g:maj c:aug d2:dim b:sus
}

\score {
   <<
      \new ChordNames {
         \set chordChanges = ##t
         \harmonies
      }
   \new Staff \melody
   >>

   \layout{ }
   \midi { }
}
@end lilypond

@appendixsubsec Notes, lyrics, and chords.

Esta plantilla le permite preparar una canción con melodía, letra y acordes.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
melody = \relative c' {
   \clef treble
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a b c d
}

text = \lyricmode {
   Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}

harmonies = \chordmode {
   a2 c2
}

\score {
   <<
      \new ChordNames {
         \set chordChanges = ##t
         \harmonies
      }
   \new Voice = "one" {
      \autoBeamOff
      \melody
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
   >>
   \layout { }
   \midi { }
}
@end lilypond

@node Piano templates
@appendixsec Piano templates
@appendixsubsec Solo piano

He aquí un sencillo sistema de piano.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
upper = \relative c'' {
   \clef treble
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a b c d
}

lower = \relative c {
   \clef bass
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a2 c
}

\score {
   \new PianoStaff <<
      \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = "Piano  "
      \new Staff = "upper" \upper
      \new Staff = "lower" \lower
   >>
   \layout { }
   \midi { }
}
@end lilypond

@appendixsubsec Piano and melody with lyrics

Aquí tenemos el típico formato de canción: un pentagrama con la melodía y la letra, y debajo el
acompañamiento de piano.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
melody = \relative c'' {
   \clef treble
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a b c d
}

text = \lyricmode {
   Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}

upper = \relative c'' {
   \clef treble
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a b c d
}

lower = \relative c {
   \clef bass
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a2 c
}

\score {
   <<
      \new Voice = "mel" {
          \autoBeamOff
          \melody
      }
      \new Lyrics \lyricsto mel \text

      \new PianoStaff <<
         \new Staff = "upper" \upper
         \new Staff = "lower" \lower
      >>
   >>
   \layout {
      \context { \RemoveEmptyStaffContext }
   }
   \midi { }
}
@end lilypond


@appendixsubsec Piano centered lyrics

En lugar de tener un pentagrama dedicado a la melodía y la letra puede colocar
la letra en medio de los pentagramas del piano (y omitir el pentagrama separado para la melodía).

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
upper = \relative c'' {
   \clef treble
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a b c d
}

lower = \relative c {
   \clef bass
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a2 c
}

text = \lyricmode {
   Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}

\score {
  \new GrandStaff <<
    \new Staff = upper { \new Voice = "singer" \upper }
    \new Lyrics \lyricsto "singer" \text
    \new Staff = lower {
      \clef bass
      \lower
    }
  >>
  \layout {
    \context { \GrandStaff \accepts "Lyrics" }
    \context { \Lyrics \consists "Bar_engraver" }
  }
  \midi { }
}
@end lilypond


@appendixsubsec Piano centered dynamics

Muchas partituras de piano tienen las indicaciones dinámicas centradas entre los dos
pentagramas.  La realización de esto necesita un poco de trucaje, pero
ya que la plantilla está aquí mismo, no tiene que hacer el trucaje
usted mismo.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
upper = \relative c'' {
  \clef treble
  \key c \major
  \time 4/4

  a b c d
}

lower = \relative c {
  \clef bass
  \key c \major
  \time 4/4

  a2 c
}

dynamics = {
  s2\fff\> s4
  s\!\pp
}

pedal = {
  s2\sustainOn s2\sustainOff
}

\score {
  \new PianoStaff <<
    \new Staff = "upper" \upper
    \new Dynamics = "dynamics" \dynamics
    \new Staff = "lower" <<
      \clef bass
      \lower
    >>
    \new Dynamics = "pedal" \pedal
  >>
  \layout {
    \context {
      \type "Engraver_group"
      \name Dynamics
      \alias Voice % So that \cresc works, for example.
      \consists "Output_property_engraver"

      \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-1 . 1)
      \override DynamicLineSpanner #'Y-offset = #0
      pedalSustainStrings = #'("Ped." "*Ped." "*")
      pedalUnaCordaStrings = #'("una corda" "" "tre corde")

      \consists "Piano_pedal_engraver"
      \consists "Script_engraver"
      \consists "Dynamic_engraver"
      \consists "Text_engraver"

      \override TextScript #'font-size = #2
      \override TextScript #'font-shape = #'italic

      \consists "Skip_event_swallow_translator"

      \consists "Axis_group_engraver"
    }
    \context {
      \PianoStaff
      \accepts Dynamics
    }
  }
}
\score {
  \new PianoStaff <<
    \new Staff = "upper" << \upper \dynamics >>
    \new Staff = "lower" << \lower \dynamics >>
    \new Dynamics = "pedal" \pedal
  >>
  \midi {
    \context {
      \type "Performer_group"
      \name Dynamics
      \consists "Piano_pedal_performer"
    }
    \context {
      \PianoStaff
      \accepts Dynamics
    }
  }
}
@end lilypond


@node String quartet
@appendixsec String quartet
@appendixsubsec String quartet

Esta plantilla es una demostración de un cuarteto de cuerda.  También usa una sección @code{\global}
para las indicaciones del compás y de la armadura de la tonalidad.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"

global= {
  \time 4/4
  \key c \major
}

violinOne = \new Voice { \relative c''{
  \set Staff.instrumentName = "Violin 1 "

  c2 d e1

\bar "|." }}
violinTwo = \new Voice { \relative c''{
  \set Staff.instrumentName = "Violin 2 "

  g2 f e1

\bar "|." }}
viola = \new Voice { \relative c' {
  \set Staff.instrumentName = "Viola "
  \clef alto

  e2 d c1

\bar "|." }}
cello = \new Voice { \relative c' {
  \set Staff.instrumentName = "Cello     "
  \clef bass

  c2 b a1

\bar "|."}}

\score {
   \new StaffGroup <<
      \new Staff << \global \violinOne >>
      \new Staff << \global \violinTwo >>
      \new Staff << \global \viola >>
      \new Staff << \global \cello >>
   >>
   \layout { }
   \midi { }
}
@end lilypond

@appendixsubsec String quartet parts

El ejemplo anterior produce un bonito cuarteto de cuerda, pero ¿y si necesitamos
imprimir las particellas?  Esta plantilla es una demostración de cómo aprovechar la posibilidad
de la instrucción @code{\tag} para dividir una pieza fácilmente en particellas individuales.

Tenemos que dividir esta plantilla en archivos independientes; los nombres de archivo
están incluidos en forma de comentarios al comienzo de cada archivo.  @code{piece.ly}
contiene todas las definiciones musicales.  Los otros archivos (@code{score.ly},
@code{vn1.ly}, @code{vn2.ly}, @code{vla.ly} y
@code{vlc.ly}) producen la particella correspondiente.

@verbatim
%%%%% piece.ly
\version "2.11.51"

global= {
  \time 4/4
  \key c \major
}

Violinone = \new Voice { \relative c''{
  \set Staff.instrumentName = "Violin 1 "

  c2 d e1

\bar "|." }}   %*********************************
Violintwo = \new Voice { \relative c''{
  \set Staff.instrumentName = "Violin 2 "

  g2 f e1

\bar "|." }}   %*********************************
Viola = \new Voice { \relative c' {
  \set Staff.instrumentName = "Viola "
  \clef alto

  e2 d c1

\bar "|." }}   %*********************************
Cello = \new Voice { \relative c' {
  \set Staff.instrumentName = "Cello     "
  \clef bass

  c2 b a1

\bar "|."}}   %**********************************

music = {
  <<
    \tag #'score \tag #'vn1 \new Staff { << \global \Violinone >> }
    \tag #'score \tag #'vn2 \new Staff { << \global \Violintwo>> }
    \tag #'score \tag #'vla \new Staff { << \global \Viola>> }
    \tag #'score \tag #'vlc \new Staff { << \global \Cello>> }
  >>
}



%%%%% score.ly
\version "2.11.51"
\include "piece.ly"
#(set-global-staff-size 14)
\score {
  \new StaffGroup \keepWithTag #'score \music
  \layout { }
  \midi { }
}


%%%%% vn1.ly
\version "2.11.51"
\include "piece.ly"
\score {
  \keepWithTag #'vn1 \music
  \layout { }
}


%%%%% vn2.ly
\version "2.11.51"
\include "piece.ly"
\score {
  \keepWithTag #'vn2 \music
  \layout { }
}


%%%%% vla.ly
\version "2.11.51"
\include "piece.ly"
\score {
  \keepWithTag #'vla \music
  \layout { }
}


%%%%% vlc.ly
\version "2.11.51"
\include "piece.ly"
\score {
  \keepWithTag #'vlc \music
  \layout { }
}
@end verbatim


@node Vocal ensembles
@appendixsec Vocal ensembles

@appendixsubsec SATB vocal score

Aquí tenemos una partitura vocal estándar para coro SATB a cuatro voces.  Con conjuntos más grandes,
suele ser útil escribir una sección que luego será incluida en todas las partes.
Por ejemplo, la indicación de compás y la armadura de la tonalidad son casi siempre las mismas
para todas las partes.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
global = {
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4
}

sopMusic = \relative c'' {
   c4 c c8[( b)] c4
}
sopWords = \lyricmode {
   hi hi hi hi
}

altoMusic = \relative c' {
   e4 f d e
}
altoWords =\lyricmode {
   ha ha ha ha
}

tenorMusic = \relative c' {
   g4 a f g
}
tenorWords = \lyricmode {
   hu hu hu hu
}

bassMusic = \relative c {
   c4 c g c
}
bassWords = \lyricmode {
   ho ho ho ho
}

\score {
   \new ChoirStaff <<
      \new Lyrics = sopranos { s1 }
      \new Staff = women <<
         \new Voice =
           "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
         \new Voice =
           "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
      >>
      \new Lyrics = "altos" { s1 }
      \new Lyrics = "tenors" { s1 }
      \new Staff = men <<
         \clef bass
         \new Voice =
           "tenors" { \voiceOne <<\global \tenorMusic >> }
         \new Voice =
           "basses" { \voiceTwo <<\global \bassMusic >> }
      >>
      \new Lyrics = basses { s1 }

      \context Lyrics = sopranos \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
      \context Lyrics = altos \lyricsto altos \altoWords
      \context Lyrics = tenors \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
      \context Lyrics = basses \lyricsto basses \bassWords
   >>

   \layout {
      \context {
         % a little smaller so lyrics
         % can be closer to the staff
         \Staff
         \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
      }
   }
}
@end lilypond


@appendixsubsec SATB vocal score and automatic piano reduction

Esta plantilla añade una reducción automática para piano a la partitura vocal para coro SATB.
Es una demostración de uno de los puntos fuertes de LilyPond: podemos
usar una definición musical más de una vez.  Si hace algún cambio en las notas de la parte vocal
(como p.ej. tenorMusic), los cambios se aplicarán también a la
reducción de piano.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
global = {
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4
}

sopMusic = \relative c'' {
   c4 c c8[( b)] c4
}
sopWords = \lyricmode {
   hi hi hi hi
}

altoMusic = \relative c' {
   e4 f d e
}
altoWords =\lyricmode {
   ha ha ha ha
}

tenorMusic = \relative c' {
   g4 a f g
}
tenorWords = \lyricmode {
   hu hu hu hu
}

bassMusic = \relative c {
   c4 c g c
}
bassWords = \lyricmode {
   ho ho ho ho
}

\score {
  <<
    \new ChoirStaff <<
      \new Lyrics = sopranos { s1 }
      \new Staff = women <<
        \new Voice =
          "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
        \new Voice =
          "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
      >>
      \new Lyrics = "altos" { s1 }
      \new Lyrics = "tenors" { s1 }
      \new Staff = men <<
        \clef bass
        \new Voice =
          "tenors" { \voiceOne <<\global \tenorMusic >> }
        \new Voice =
          "basses" { \voiceTwo <<\global \bassMusic >> }
      >>
      \new Lyrics = basses { s1 }

      \context Lyrics = sopranos \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
      \context Lyrics = altos \lyricsto altos \altoWords
      \context Lyrics = tenors \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
      \context Lyrics = basses \lyricsto basses \bassWords
    >>
  \new PianoStaff <<
    \new Staff <<
      \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
      \partcombine
      << \global \sopMusic >>
      << \global \altoMusic >>
    >>
    \new Staff <<
      \clef bass
      \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
      \partcombine
      << \global \tenorMusic >>
      << \global \bassMusic >>
    >>
   >>
  >>
  \layout {
    \context {
      % a little smaller so lyrics
      % can be closer to the staff
      \Staff
        \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
    }
  }
}
@end lilypond

@appendixsubsec SATB with aligned contexts

Aquí todas las líneas de texto se colocan usando @code{alignAboveContext}
y @code{alignBelowContext}.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
global = {
  \key c \major
  \time 4/4
}

sopMusic = \relative c'' {
  c4 c c8[( b)] c4
}
sopWords = \lyricmode {
  hi hi hi hi
}

altoMusic = \relative c' {
  e4 f d e
}
altoWords =\lyricmode {
  ha ha ha ha
}

tenorMusic = \relative c' {
  g4 a f g
}
tenorWords = \lyricmode {
  hu hu hu hu
}

bassMusic = \relative c {
  c4 c g c
}
bassWords = \lyricmode {
  ho ho ho ho
}

\score {
  \new ChoirStaff <<
     \new Staff = women <<
        \new Voice =
          "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
        \new Voice =
          "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
     >>
     \new Lyrics \with {alignAboveContext=women} \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
     \new Lyrics \with {alignBelowContext=women} \lyricsto altos \altoWords
% we could remove the line about this with the line below, since we want
% the alto lyrics to be below the alto Voice anyway.
%    \new Lyrics \lyricsto altos \altoWords

     \new Staff = men <<
        \clef bass
        \new Voice =
          "tenors" { \voiceOne <<\global \tenorMusic >> }
        \new Voice =
          "basses" { \voiceTwo <<\global \bassMusic >> }
     >>

     \new Lyrics \with {alignAboveContext=men} \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
     \new Lyrics \with {alignBelowContext=men} \lyricsto basses \bassWords
% again, we could replace the line above this with the line below.
%    \new Lyrics \lyricsto basses \bassWords
  >>

  \layout {
     \context {
        % a little smaller so lyrics
        % can be closer to the staff
        \Staff
        \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
     }
  }
}


\score {
  \new ChoirStaff <<
     \new Staff = women <<
        \new Voice =
          "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
        \new Voice =
          "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
     >>

     \new Lyrics \with {alignAboveContext=women} \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
     \new Lyrics \lyricsto altos \altoWords

     \new Staff = men <<
        \clef bass
        \new Voice =
          "tenors" { \voiceOne <<\global \tenorMusic >> }
        \new Voice =
          "basses" { \voiceTwo <<\global \bassMusic >> }
     >>

     \new Lyrics \with {alignAboveContext=men} \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
     \new Lyrics \lyricsto basses \bassWords
  >>

  \layout {
     \context {
        % a little smaller so lyrics
        % can be closer to the staff
        \Staff
        \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
     }
  }
} 
@end lilypond


@c bad node name to avoid node name confict
@node Ancient notation templates
@appendixsec Ancient notation templates

@appendixsubsec Transcription of mensural music

Cuando se transcribe música mensural, es útil un «incipit» al principio de la pieza
para indicar la tonalidad y el compás originales.  Aunque hoy en día
los músicos están acostumbrados a las barras de compás para reconocer más rápidamente los patrones
rítmicos, las líneas divisorias no se habían inventado aún en el período de la música mensural;
de hecho, el compás solía cambiar cada pocas notas.
A modo de compromiso, las líneas de compás se suelen imprimir entre los pentagramas
en vez de hacerlo sobre ellos.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,line-width=11.0\cm]
\version "2.11.51"

global = {
  \set Score.skipBars = ##t

  % incipit
  \once \override Score.SystemStartBracket #'transparent = ##t
  \override Score.SpacingSpanner #'spacing-increment = #1.0 % tight spacing
  \key f \major
  \time 2/2
  \once \override Staff.TimeSignature #'style = #'neomensural
  \override Voice.NoteHead #'style = #'neomensural
  \override Voice.Rest #'style = #'neomensural
  \set Staff.printKeyCancellation = ##f
  \cadenzaOn % turn off bar lines
  \skip 1*10
  \once \override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##f
  \bar "||"
  \skip 1*1 % need this extra \skip such that clef change comes
            % after bar line
  \bar ""

  % main
  \revert Score.SpacingSpanner #'spacing-increment % CHECK: no effect?
  \cadenzaOff % turn bar lines on again
  \once \override Staff.Clef #'full-size-change = ##t
  \set Staff.forceClef = ##t
  \key g \major
  \time 4/4
  \override Voice.NoteHead #'style = #'default
  \override Voice.Rest #'style = #'default

  % FIXME: setting printKeyCancellation back to #t must not
  % occur in the first bar after the incipit.  Dto. for forceClef.
  % Therefore, we need an extra \skip.
  \skip 1*1
  \set Staff.printKeyCancellation = ##t
  \set Staff.forceClef = ##f

  \skip 1*7 % the actual music

  % let finis bar go through all staves
  \override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##f

  % finis bar
  \bar "|."
}

discantusNotes = {
  \transpose c' c'' {
    \set Staff.instrumentName = "Discantus  "

    % incipit
    \clef "neomensural-c1"
    c'1. s2   % two bars
    \skip 1*8 % eight bars
    \skip 1*1 % one bar

    % main
    \clef "treble"
    d'2. d'4 |
    b e' d'2 |
    c'4 e'4.( d'8 c' b |
    a4) b a2 |
    b4.( c'8 d'4) c'4 |
    \once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t c'1 |
    b\breve |
  }
}

discantusLyrics = \lyricmode {
  % incipit
  IV-

  % main
  Ju -- bi -- |
  la -- te De -- |
  o, om --
  nis ter -- |
  ra, __ om- |
  "..." |
  -us. |
}

altusNotes = {
  \transpose c' c'' {
    \set Staff.instrumentName = "Altus  "

    % incipit
    \clef "neomensural-c3"
    r1        % one bar
    f1. s2    % two bars
    \skip 1*7 % seven bars
    \skip 1*1 % one bar

    % main
    \clef "treble"
    r2 g2. e4 fis g | % two bars
    a2 g4 e |
    fis g4.( fis16 e fis4) |
    g1 |
    \once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t g1 |
    g\breve |
  }
}

altusLyrics = \lyricmode {
  % incipit
  IV-

  % main
  Ju -- bi -- la -- te | % two bars
  De -- o, om -- |
  nis ter -- ra, |
  "..." |
  -us. |
}

tenorNotes = {
  \transpose c' c' {
    \set Staff.instrumentName = "Tenor  "

    % incipit
    \clef "neomensural-c4"
    r\longa   % four bars
    r\breve   % two bars
    r1        % one bar
    c'1. s2   % two bars
    \skip 1*1 % one bar
    \skip 1*1 % one bar

    % main
    \clef "treble_8"
    R1 |
    R1 |
    R1 |
    r2 d'2. d'4 b e' | % two bars
    \once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t e'1 |
    d'\breve |
  }
}

tenorLyrics = \lyricmode {
  % incipit
  IV-

  % main
  Ju -- bi -- la -- te | % two bars
  "..." |
  -us. |
}

bassusNotes = {
  \transpose c' c' {
    \set Staff.instrumentName = "Bassus  "

    % incipit
    \clef "bass"
    r\maxima  % eight bars
    f1. s2    % two bars
    \skip 1*1 % one bar

    % main
    \clef "bass"
    R1 |
    R1 |
    R1 |
    R1 |
    g2. e4 |
    \once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t e1 |
    g\breve |
  }
}

bassusLyrics = \lyricmode {
  % incipit
  IV-

  % main
  Ju -- bi- |
  "..." |
  -us. |
}

\score {
  \new StaffGroup = choirStaff <<
    \new Voice =
      "discantusNotes" << \global \discantusNotes >>
    \new Lyrics =
      "discantusLyrics" \lyricsto discantusNotes { \discantusLyrics }
    \new Voice =
      "altusNotes" << \global \altusNotes >>
    \new Lyrics =
      "altusLyrics" \lyricsto altusNotes { \altusLyrics }
    \new Voice =
      "tenorNotes" << \global \tenorNotes >>
    \new Lyrics =
      "tenorLyrics" \lyricsto tenorNotes { \tenorLyrics }
    \new Voice =
      "bassusNotes" << \global \bassusNotes >>
    \new Lyrics =
      "bassusLyrics" \lyricsto bassusNotes { \bassusLyrics }
  >>
  \layout {
    \context {
      \Score

      % no bars in staves
      \override BarLine #'transparent = ##t

      % incipit should not start with a start delimiter
      \remove "System_start_delimiter_engraver"
    }
    \context {
      \Voice

      % no slurs
      \override Slur #'transparent = ##t

      % Comment in the below "\remove" command to allow line
      % breaking also at those barlines where a note overlaps
      % into the next bar.  The command is commented out in this
      % short example score, but especially for large scores, you
      % will typically yield better line breaking and thus improve
      % overall spacing if you comment in the following command.
      %\remove "Forbid_line_break_engraver"
    }
  }
}
@end lilypond


@appendixsubsec Gregorian transcription template

Este ejemplo es una demostración de cómo hacer transcripción moderna de Canto
Gregoriano.  La música gregoriana no tiene compás ni plicas; usa solamente cabezas de
nota de blanca y negra, y marcas especiales que indican silencios de distinta longitud.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\include "gregorian-init.ly"
\version "2.11.51"

chant = \relative c' {
  \set Score.timing = ##f
  f4 a2 \divisioMinima
  g4 b a2 f2 \divisioMaior
  g4( f) f( g) a2 \finalis
}

verba = \lyricmode {
  Lo -- rem ip -- sum do -- lor sit a -- met
}

\score {
  \new Staff <<
    \new Voice = "melody" {
      \chant
    }
    \new Lyrics = "one" \lyricsto melody \verba
  >>

  \layout {
    \context {
      \Staff
      \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
      \remove "Bar_engraver"
      \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
    }
    \context {
      \Voice
      \override Stem #'length = #0
    }
    \context {
      \Score
      barAlways = ##t
    }
  }
}
@end lilypond


@node Jazz combo
@appendixsec Jazz combo

Éste es un ejemplo mucho más complicado, para un conjunto de jazz.  Fíjese en que todos los
instrumentos están escritos en @code{\key c \major}.  Esto se refiere a la tonalidad en tono de concierto;
LilyPond transporta automáticamente la tonalidad si la música está dentro de una
sección @code{\transpose}.

@c TODO must clean up this jazz combo example
@c   - transpositions stated in names (ie "trumpet in Bb" or whatever)
@c   - one global section, instead of "global" (time) and "key"
@c   - does it need those wierd macros?  sl, nsl, etc.
@c   - maybe ask Amelie Zapf to clean it up, or whether I should just
@c     make whatever changes I feel like.

@c FIXME: produces a warning ; key change merge.
@c The `line-width' argument is for the \header.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,line-width]
\version "2.11.51"
\header {
  title = "Song"
  subtitle = "(tune)"
  composer = "Me"
  meter = "moderato"
  piece = "Swing"
  tagline = \markup {
    \column {
      "LilyPond example file by Amelie Zapf,"
      "Berlin 07/07/2003"
    }
  }
  texidoc = "Jazz tune for combo
             (horns, guitar, piano, bass, drums)."
}

#(set-global-staff-size 16)
\include "english.ly"

%%%%%%%%%%%% Some macros %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

sl = {
  \override NoteHead #'style = #'slash
  \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
}
nsl = {
  \revert NoteHead #'style
  \revert Stem #'transparent
}
cr = \override NoteHead #'style = #'cross
ncr = \revert NoteHead #'style

%% insert chord name style stuff here.

jzchords = { }


%%%%%%%%%%%% Keys'n'thangs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

global = {
  \time 4/4
}

Key = { \key c \major }

% ############ Horns ############

% ------ Trumpet ------
trpt = \transpose c d \relative c'' {
  \Key
  c1 c c
}
trpharmony = \transpose c' d {
  \jzchords
}
trumpet = {
  \global
  \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Trumpet"
  \clef treble
  <<
    \trpt
  >>
}

% ------ Alto Saxophone ------
alto = \transpose c a \relative c' {
  \Key
  c1 c c
}
altoharmony = \transpose c' a {
  \jzchords
}
altosax = {
  \global
  \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Alto Sax"
  \clef treble
  <<
    \alto
  >>
}

% ------ Baritone Saxophone ------
bari = \transpose c a' \relative c {
  \Key
  c1 c \sl d4^"Solo" d d d \nsl
}
bariharmony = \transpose c' a \chordmode {
  \jzchords s1 s d2:maj e:m7
}
barisax = {
  \global
  \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Bari Sax"
  \clef treble
  <<
    \bari
  >>
}

% ------ Trombone ------
tbone = \relative c {
  \Key
  c1 c c
}
tboneharmony = \chordmode {
  \jzchords
}
trombone = {
  \global
  \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Trombone"
  \clef bass
  <<
    \tbone
  >>
}

% ############ Rhythm Section #############

% ------ Guitar ------
gtr = \relative c'' {
  \Key
  c1 \sl b4 b b b \nsl c1
}
gtrharmony = \chordmode {
  \jzchords
  s1 c2:min7+ d2:maj9
}
guitar = {
  \global
  \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Guitar"
  \clef treble
  <<
    \gtr
  >>
}

%% ------ Piano ------
rhUpper = \relative c'' {
  \voiceOne
  \Key
  c1 c c
}
rhLower = \relative c' {
  \voiceTwo
  \Key
  e1 e e
}

lhUpper = \relative c' {
  \voiceOne
  \Key
  g1 g g
}
lhLower = \relative c {
  \voiceTwo
  \Key
  c1 c c
}

PianoRH = {
  \clef treble
  \global
  \set Staff.midiInstrument = "acoustic grand"
  <<
    \new Voice = "one" \rhUpper
    \new Voice = "two" \rhLower
  >>
}
PianoLH = {
  \clef bass
  \global
  \set Staff.midiInstrument = "acoustic grand"
  <<
    \new Voice = "one" \lhUpper
    \new Voice = "two" \lhLower
  >>
}

piano = {
  <<
    \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Piano"
    \new Staff = "upper" \PianoRH
    \new Staff = "lower" \PianoLH
  >>
}

% ------ Bass Guitar ------
Bass = \relative c {
  \Key
  c1 c c
}
bass = {
  \global
  \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Bass"
  \clef bass
  <<
    \Bass
  >>
}

% ------ Drums ------
up = \drummode {
  hh4 <hh sn>4 hh <hh sn> hh <hh sn>4
  hh4 <hh sn>4
  hh4 <hh sn>4
  hh4 <hh sn>4
}

down = \drummode {
  bd4 s bd s bd s bd s bd s bd s
}

drumContents = {
  \global
  <<
    \set DrumStaff.instrumentName = #"Drums"
    \new DrumVoice { \voiceOne \up }
    \new DrumVoice { \voiceTwo \down }
  >>
}

%%%%%%%%% It All Goes Together Here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\score {
  <<
    \new StaffGroup = "horns" <<
      \new Staff = "trumpet" \trumpet
      \new Staff = "altosax" \altosax
      \new ChordNames = "barichords" \bariharmony
      \new Staff = "barisax" \barisax
      \new Staff = "trombone" \trombone
    >>

    \new StaffGroup = "rhythm" <<
      \new ChordNames = "chords" \gtrharmony
      \new Staff = "guitar" \guitar
      \new PianoStaff = "piano" \piano
      \new Staff = "bass" \bass
      \new DrumStaff { \drumContents }
    >>
  >>

  \layout {
    \context { \RemoveEmptyStaffContext }
    \context {
      \Score
      \override BarNumber #'padding = #3
      \override RehearsalMark #'padding = #2
      skipBars = ##t
    }
  }

  \midi { }
}
@end lilypond

@ignore

This isn't very useful, and only duplicates material in
"global issues".  And if this info changes, this section often
gets forgotten.

@no de Other templates
@se ction Other templates
@su bsection All headers

This template displays all available headers.  Some of them are only
used in the Mutopia project; they don't affect the printed output at
all.  They are used if you want the piece to be listed with different
information in the Mutopia database than you wish to have printed on the
music.  For example, Mutopia lists the composer of the famous D major
violin concerto as TchaikovskyPI, whereas perhaps you wish to print
"Petr Tchaikowski" on your music.

@ The `line-width' is for \header.
@li lypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,line-width]
\version "2.11.51"
\header {
  dedication = "dedication"
  title = "Title"
  subtitle = "Subtitle"
  subsubtitle = "Subsubtitle"
  composer = "Composer (xxxx-yyyy)"
  opus = "Opus 0"
  piece = "Piece I"
  meter = "meter"
  instrument = "Instrument"
  arranger = "Arranger"
  poet = "Poet"
  texttranslator = "Translator"
  copyright = "public domain"

  % These are headers used by the Mutopia Project
  % http://www.mutopiaproject.org/
  mutopiatitle = ""
  mutopiacomposer = ""
  mutopiapoet = ""
  mutopiainstrument = ""
  date = "composer's dates"
  source = "urtext "
  maintainer = "your name here"
  maintainerEmail = "your email here"
  maintainerWeb = "your home page"
  lastupdated = "2004/Aug/26"
}

\score {
  { c'4 }
  \header {
    piece = "piece1"
    opus = "opus1"
  }
}

\score {
  { c'4 }
  \header {
    piece = "piece2"
    opus = "opus2"
  }
}
@end lilypond
@end ignore


@node lilypond-book templates
@appendixsec lilypond-book templates

Estas plantillas se usan para @code{lilypond-book}.  Si no está familiarizado con este
programa, consulte @rprogram{LilyPond-book}.

@appendixsubsec LaTeX

Podemos insertar fragmentos de LilyPond dentro de un documento de LaTeX.

@example
\documentclass[]@{article@}

\begin@{document@}

Texto normal en LaTeX.

\begin@{lilypond@}
\relative c'' @{
a4 b c d
@}
\end@{lilypond@}

Más texto en LaTeX.

\begin@{lilypond@}
\relative c'' @{
d4 c b a
@}
\end@{lilypond@}
\end@{document@}
@end example

@appendixsubsec Texinfo

Podemos insertar fragmentos de LilyPond dentro de Texinfo; de hecho, todo el presente manual
está escrito en Texinfo.

@example
\input texinfo
@@node Top

Texto en Texinfo

@@lilypond[verbatim,fragment,ragged-right]
a4 b c d
@@end lilypond

Más texto en Texinfo

@@lilypond[verbatim,fragment,ragged-right]
d4 c b a
@@end lilypond

@@bye
@end example


@appendixsubsec xelatex

@verbatim
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{ifxetex}
\ifxetex
%xetex specific stuff
\usepackage{xunicode,fontspec,xltxtra}
\setmainfont[Numbers=OldStyle]{Times New Roman}
\setsansfont{Arial}
\else
%Esto puede estar en blanco si no vamos a usar  pdftex
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{mathptmx}%Times
\usepackage{helvet}%Helvetica
\fi
%Aquí podemos insertar todos los paquetes que pdftex también entiende
\usepackage[spanish,ngerman,finnish,english]{babel}
\usepackage{graphicx}

\begin{document}
\title{Un breve documento con LilyPond y xelatex}
\maketitle

Las instrucciones \textbf{font} normales dentro del \emph{text}
funcionan, porque \textsf{están contempladas por \LaTeX{} y XeteX.}
Si quiere usar instrucciones específicas como \verb+\XeTeX+, debe
incluirlas también dentro de un entorno \verb+\ifxetex+. Puede usar
esto para imprimir la instrucción \ifxetex \XeTeX{} \else XeTeX \fi
que no es conocida para el \LaTeX normal.

Dentro del texto normal puede usar fácilmente instrucciones de
LilyPond, como ésta:

\begin{lilypond}
{a2 b c'8 c' c' c'}
\end{lilypond}

\noindent
etcétera.

Las tipografías de los fragmentos establecidas con LilyPond se tendrán
que ajustar desde dentro del fragmento. Para esto debe leer el manual
UA en cuanto a cómo usar lilypond-book.

\selectlanguage{ngerman}
Auch Umlaute funktionieren ohne die \LaTeX -Befehle, wie auch alle
anderen
seltsamen Zeichen: __ ______, wenn sie von der Schriftart
unterst__tzt werden.
\end{document}
@end verbatim