[lilypond.git] / Documentation / de / user / templates.itely

@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
@c This file is part of lilypond.tely
@ignore
    Translation of GIT committish: 2ae5726ea4fcbcd40e42678db32d7da3227ef44a

    When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
    version that you are working on.  See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore

@c \version "2.11.51"

@node Templates
@appendix Templates

Dieser Abschnitt des Handbuches enthält Vorlagen, in denen die 
LilyPond-Partitur schon eingerichtet ist. Sie müssen nur noch Ihre 
Noten einfügen, die Datei mit LilyPond übersetzen und sich an dem 
schönen Notenbild erfreuen!

@c bad node name for ancient notation to avoid confict
@menu
* Single staff::                
* Piano templates::             
* String quartet::              
* Vocal ensembles::             
* Ancient notation templates::  
* Jazz combo::                  
* Lilypond-book templates::     
@end menu


@node Single staff
@appendixsec Single staff
@appendixsubsec Notes only

Das erste Beispiel zeigt ein Notensystem mit Noten, passend für ein 
Soloinstrument oder ein Melodiefragment. Kopieren Sie es und fügen 
Sie es in Ihre Datei ein, schreiben Sie die Noten hinzu, und Sie haben 
eine vollständige Notationsdatei.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
melody = \relative c' {
   \clef treble
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a4 b c d
}

\score {
   \new Staff \melody
   \layout { }
   \midi {}
}
@end lilypond

@appendixsubsec Notes and lyrics

Das nächste Beispiel zeigt eine einfache Melodie mit Text. Kopieren 
Sie es in Ihre Datei, fügen Sie Noten und Text hinzu und übersetzen 
Sie es mit LilyPond. In dem Beispiel wird die automatische 
Balkenverbindung ausgeschaltet (mit dem Befehl @code{\autoBeamOff}), 
wie es für Vokalmusik üblich ist. 
Wenn Sie die Balken wieder einschalten wollen, müssen Sie die 
entsprechende Zeile entweder ändern oder auskommentieren.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
melody = \relative c' {
   \clef treble
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a4 b c d
}

text = \lyricmode {
   Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}

\score{
   <<
      \new Voice = "one" {
         \autoBeamOff
         \melody
      }
      \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
   >>
   \layout { }
   \midi { }
}
@end lilypond

@appendixsubsec Notes and chords

Wollen Sie ein Liedblatt mit Melodie und Akkorden schreiben? Hier ist 
das richtige Beispiel für Sie!

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
melody = \relative c' {
   \clef treble
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   f4 e8[ c] d4 g |
   a2 ~ a2 |
}

harmonies = \chordmode {
   c4:m f:min7 g:maj c:aug d2:dim b:sus
}

\score {
   <<
      \new ChordNames {
         \set chordChanges = ##t
         \harmonies
      }
   \new Staff \melody
   >>

   \layout{ }
   \midi { }
}
@end lilypond

@appendixsubsec Notes, lyrics, and chords.

Mit diesem Beispiel können Sie einen Song mit Melodie, 
Text und Akkorden schreiben.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
melody = \relative c' {
   \clef treble
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a b c d
}

text = \lyricmode {
   Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}

harmonies = \chordmode {
   a2 c2
}

\score {
   <<
      \new ChordNames {
         \set chordChanges = ##t
         \harmonies
      }
   \new Voice = "one" {
      \autoBeamOff
      \melody
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
   >>
   \layout { }
   \midi { }
}
@end lilypond

@node Piano templates
@appendixsec Piano templates
@appendixsubsec Solo piano

Hier kommt ein einfaches Klaviersystem.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
upper = \relative c'' {
   \clef treble
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a b c d
}

lower = \relative c {
   \clef bass
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a2 c
}

\score {
   \new PianoStaff <<
      \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = "Piano  "
      \new Staff = "upper" \upper
      \new Staff = "lower" \lower
   >>
   \layout { }
   \midi { }
}
@end lilypond

@appendixsubsec Piano and melody with lyrics

Das nächste Beispiel ist typisch für ein Lied: Im oberen System die 
Melodie mit Text, darunter Klavierbegleitung.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
melody = \relative c'' {
   \clef treble
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a b c d
}

text = \lyricmode {
   Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}

upper = \relative c'' {
   \clef treble
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a b c d
}

lower = \relative c {
   \clef bass
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a2 c
}

\score {
   <<
      \new Voice = "mel" {
          \autoBeamOff
          \melody
      }
      \new Lyrics \lyricsto mel \text

      \new PianoStaff <<
         \new Staff = "upper" \upper
         \new Staff = "lower" \lower
      >>
   >>
   \layout {
      \context { \RemoveEmptyStaffContext }
   }
   \midi { }
}
@end lilypond


@appendixsubsec Piano centered lyrics

Anstatt ein eigenes System für Melodie und Text zu schreiben, können 
Sie den Text auch zwischen die beiden Klaviersysteme schreiben
(und damit das zusätzliche System für die Gesangstimme auslassen).

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
upper = \relative c'' {
   \clef treble
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a b c d
}

lower = \relative c {
   \clef bass
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4

   a2 c
}

text = \lyricmode {
   Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}

\score {
  \new GrandStaff <<
    \new Staff = upper { \new Voice = "singer" \upper }
    \new Lyrics \lyricsto "singer" \text
    \new Staff = lower {
      \clef bass
      \lower
    }
  >>
  \layout {
    \context { \GrandStaff \accepts "Lyrics" }
    \context { \Lyrics \consists "Bar_engraver" }
  }
  \midi { }
}
@end lilypond


@appendixsubsec Piano centered dynamics

In der meisten Klaviernotation werden die Dynamikzeichen zwischen 
den beiden Systemen zentriert. Für LilyPond muss man die Einstellungen 
etwas anpassen, aber Sie können ja das angepasste Beispiel von hier 
kopieren.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
upper = \relative c'' {
  \clef treble
  \key c \major
  \time 4/4

  a b c d
}

lower = \relative c {
  \clef bass
  \key c \major
  \time 4/4

  a2 c
}

dynamics = {
  s2\fff\> s4
  s\!\pp
}

pedal = {
  s2\sustainOn s2\sustainOff
}

\score {
  \new PianoStaff <<
    \new Staff = "upper" \upper
    \new Dynamics = "dynamics" \dynamics
    \new Staff = "lower" <<
      \clef bass
      \lower
    >>
    \new Dynamics = "pedal" \pedal
  >>
  \layout {
    \context {
      \type "Engraver_group"
      \name Dynamics
      \alias Voice % So that \cresc works, for example.
      \consists "Output_property_engraver"

      \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-1 . 1)
      \override DynamicLineSpanner #'Y-offset = #0
      pedalSustainStrings = #'("Ped." "*Ped." "*")
      pedalUnaCordaStrings = #'("una corda" "" "tre corde")

      \consists "Piano_pedal_engraver"
      \consists "Script_engraver"
      \consists "Dynamic_engraver"
      \consists "Text_engraver"

      \override TextScript #'font-size = #2
      \override TextScript #'font-shape = #'italic

      \consists "Skip_event_swallow_translator"

      \consists "Axis_group_engraver"
    }
    \context {
      \PianoStaff
      \accepts Dynamics
    }
  }
}
\score {
  \new PianoStaff <<
    \new Staff = "upper" << \upper \dynamics >>
    \new Staff = "lower" << \lower \dynamics >>
    \new Dynamics = "pedal" \pedal
  >>
  \midi {
    \context {
      \type "Performer_group"
      \name Dynamics
      \consists "Piano_pedal_performer"
    }
    \context {
      \PianoStaff
      \accepts Dynamics
    }
  }
}
@end lilypond


@node String quartet
@appendixsec String quartet
@appendixsubsec String quartet

Dieses Beispiel demonstriert die Partitur für ein Streichquartett. Hier 
wird auch eine @qq{@code{\global}}-Variable für Taktart und 
Vorzeichen benutzt.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"

global= {
  \time 4/4
  \key c \major
}

violinOne = \new Voice { \relative c''{
  \set Staff.instrumentName = "Violin 1 "

  c2 d e1

\bar "|." }}
violinTwo = \new Voice { \relative c''{
  \set Staff.instrumentName = "Violin 2 "

  g2 f e1

\bar "|." }}
viola = \new Voice { \relative c' {
  \set Staff.instrumentName = "Viola "
  \clef alto

  e2 d c1

\bar "|." }}
cello = \new Voice { \relative c' {
  \set Staff.instrumentName = "Cello     "
  \clef bass

  c2 b a1

\bar "|."}}

\score {
   \new StaffGroup <<
      \new Staff << \global \violinOne >>
      \new Staff << \global \violinTwo >>
      \new Staff << \global \viola >>
      \new Staff << \global \cello >>
   >>
   \layout { }
   \midi { }
}
@end lilypond

@appendixsubsec String quartet parts

Mit diesem Beispiel können Sie ein schönes Streichquartett notieren, 
aber wie gehen Sie vor, wenn Sie Stimmen brauchen? Das Beispiel 
oben hat gezeigt, wie Sie mit Variablen einzelne Abschnitte getrennt 
voneinander notieren können. Im nächsten Beispiel wird nun 
gezeigt, wie Sie mit diesen Variablen einzelne Stimmen erstellen.

Sie müssen das Beispiel in einzelne Dateien aufteilen; die Dateinamen
sind in den Kommentaren am Anfang jeder Datei enthalten.  @code{piece.ly}
enthält die Noten. Die anderen Dateien -- @code{score.ly},
@code{vn1.ly}, @code{vn2.ly}, @code{vla.ly} und
@code{vlc.ly} -- erstellen daraus die entsprechenden Stimmen bzw. die 
Partitur (@code{score.ly}). Mit @code{\tag} wird den Stimmen ein Name 
zugewiesen, auf den zurückgegriffen werden kann.

@verbatim
%%%%% piece.ly
\version "2.11.51"

global= {
  \time 4/4
  \key c \major
}

Violinone = \new Voice { \relative c''{
  \set Staff.instrumentName = "Violin 1 "

  c2 d e1

\bar "|." }}   %*********************************
Violintwo = \new Voice { \relative c''{
  \set Staff.instrumentName = "Violin 2 "

  g2 f e1

\bar "|." }}   %*********************************
Viola = \new Voice { \relative c' {
  \set Staff.instrumentName = "Viola "
  \clef alto

  e2 d c1

\bar "|." }}   %*********************************
Cello = \new Voice { \relative c' {
  \set Staff.instrumentName = "Cello     "
  \clef bass

  c2 b a1

\bar "|."}}   %**********************************

music = {
  <<
    \tag #'score \tag #'vn1 \new Staff { << \global \Violinone >> }
    \tag #'score \tag #'vn2 \new Staff { << \global \Violintwo>> }
    \tag #'score \tag #'vla \new Staff { << \global \Viola>> }
    \tag #'score \tag #'vlc \new Staff { << \global \Cello>> }
  >>
}



%%%%% score.ly
\version "2.11.51"
\include "piece.ly"
#(set-global-staff-size 14)
\score {
  \new StaffGroup \keepWithTag #'score \music
  \layout { }
  \midi { }
}


%%%%% vn1.ly
\version "2.11.51"
\include "piece.ly"
\score {
  \keepWithTag #'vn1 \music
  \layout { }
}


%%%%% vn2.ly
\version "2.11.51"
\include "piece.ly"
\score {
  \keepWithTag #'vn2 \music
  \layout { }
}


%%%%% vla.ly
\version "2.11.51"
\include "piece.ly"
\score {
  \keepWithTag #'vla \music
  \layout { }
}


%%%%% vlc.ly
\version "2.11.51"
\include "piece.ly"
\score {
  \keepWithTag #'vlc \music
  \layout { }
}
@end verbatim


@node Vocal ensembles
@appendixsec Vocal ensembles

@appendixsubsec SATB vocal score

Dieses Beispiel ist für vierstimmigen Gesang (SATB). Bei größeren 
Stücken ist es oft sinnvoll, eine allgemeine Variable zu bestimmen, 
die in allen Stimmen eingefügt wird. Taktart und Vorzeichen etwa 
sind fast immer gleich in allen Stimmen.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
global = {
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4
}

sopMusic = \relative c'' {
   c4 c c8[( b)] c4
}
sopWords = \lyricmode {
   hi hi hi hi
}

altoMusic = \relative c' {
   e4 f d e
}
altoWords =\lyricmode {
   ha ha ha ha
}

tenorMusic = \relative c' {
   g4 a f g
}
tenorWords = \lyricmode {
   hu hu hu hu
}

bassMusic = \relative c {
   c4 c g c
}
bassWords = \lyricmode {
   ho ho ho ho
}

\score {
   \new ChoirStaff <<
      \new Lyrics = sopranos { s1 }
      \new Staff = women <<
         \new Voice =
           "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
         \new Voice =
           "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
      >>
      \new Lyrics = "altos" { s1 }
      \new Lyrics = "tenors" { s1 }
      \new Staff = men <<
         \clef bass
         \new Voice =
           "tenors" { \voiceOne <<\global \tenorMusic >> }
         \new Voice =
           "basses" { \voiceTwo <<\global \bassMusic >> }
      >>
      \new Lyrics = basses { s1 }

      \context Lyrics = sopranos \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
      \context Lyrics = altos \lyricsto altos \altoWords
      \context Lyrics = tenors \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
      \context Lyrics = basses \lyricsto basses \bassWords
   >>

   \layout {
      \context {
         % a little smaller so lyrics
         % can be closer to the staff
         \Staff
         \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
      }
   }
}
@end lilypond


@appendixsubsec SATB vocal score and automatic piano reduction

In diesem Beispiel wird ein automatischer Klavierauszug zu der 
Chorpartitur hinzugefügt. Das zeigt eine der Stärken von LilyPond
-- man kann eine Variable mehr als einmal benutzen. Wenn Sie 
irgendeine Änderung an einer Chorstimme vornehmen, (etwa 
tenorMusic), verändert sich auch der Klavierauszug entsprechend.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
global = {
   \key c \major
   \time 4/4
}

sopMusic = \relative c'' {
   c4 c c8[( b)] c4
}
sopWords = \lyricmode {
   hi hi hi hi
}

altoMusic = \relative c' {
   e4 f d e
}
altoWords =\lyricmode {
   ha ha ha ha
}

tenorMusic = \relative c' {
   g4 a f g
}
tenorWords = \lyricmode {
   hu hu hu hu
}

bassMusic = \relative c {
   c4 c g c
}
bassWords = \lyricmode {
   ho ho ho ho
}

\score {
  <<
    \new ChoirStaff <<
      \new Lyrics = sopranos { s1 }
      \new Staff = women <<
        \new Voice =
          "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
        \new Voice =
          "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
      >>
      \new Lyrics = "altos" { s1 }
      \new Lyrics = "tenors" { s1 }
      \new Staff = men <<
        \clef bass
        \new Voice =
          "tenors" { \voiceOne <<\global \tenorMusic >> }
        \new Voice =
          "basses" { \voiceTwo <<\global \bassMusic >> }
      >>
      \new Lyrics = basses { s1 }

      \context Lyrics = sopranos \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
      \context Lyrics = altos \lyricsto altos \altoWords
      \context Lyrics = tenors \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
      \context Lyrics = basses \lyricsto basses \bassWords
    >>
  \new PianoStaff <<
    \new Staff <<
      \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
      \partcombine
      << \global \sopMusic >>
      << \global \altoMusic >>
    >>
    \new Staff <<
      \clef bass
      \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
      \partcombine
      << \global \tenorMusic >>
      << \global \bassMusic >>
    >>
   >>
  >>
  \layout {
    \context {
      % a little smaller so lyrics
      % can be closer to the staff
      \Staff
        \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
    }
  }
}
@end lilypond

@appendixsubsec SATB with aligned contexts

In diesem Beispiel werden die Texte mit den Befehlen 
@code{alignAboveContext} und @code{alignBelowContext}
über und unter dem System angeordnet.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\version "2.11.51"
global = {
  \key c \major
  \time 4/4
}

sopMusic = \relative c'' {
  c4 c c8[( b)] c4
}
sopWords = \lyricmode {
  hi hi hi hi
}

altoMusic = \relative c' {
  e4 f d e
}
altoWords =\lyricmode {
  ha ha ha ha
}

tenorMusic = \relative c' {
  g4 a f g
}
tenorWords = \lyricmode {
  hu hu hu hu
}

bassMusic = \relative c {
  c4 c g c
}
bassWords = \lyricmode {
  ho ho ho ho
}

\score {
  \new ChoirStaff <<
     \new Staff = women <<
        \new Voice =
          "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
        \new Voice =
          "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
     >>
     \new Lyrics \with {alignAboveContext=women} \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
     \new Lyrics \with {alignBelowContext=women} \lyricsto altos \altoWords
% we could remove the line about this with the line below, since we want
% the alto lyrics to be below the alto Voice anyway.
%    \new Lyrics \lyricsto altos \altoWords

     \new Staff = men <<
        \clef bass
        \new Voice =
          "tenors" { \voiceOne <<\global \tenorMusic >> }
        \new Voice =
          "basses" { \voiceTwo <<\global \bassMusic >> }
     >>

     \new Lyrics \with {alignAboveContext=men} \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
     \new Lyrics \with {alignBelowContext=men} \lyricsto basses \bassWords
% again, we could replace the line above this with the line below.
%    \new Lyrics \lyricsto basses \bassWords
  >>

  \layout {
     \context {
        % a little smaller so lyrics
        % can be closer to the staff
        \Staff
        \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
     }
  }
}


\score {
  \new ChoirStaff <<
     \new Staff = women <<
        \new Voice =
          "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
        \new Voice =
          "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
     >>

     \new Lyrics \with {alignAboveContext=women} \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
     \new Lyrics \lyricsto altos \altoWords

     \new Staff = men <<
        \clef bass
        \new Voice =
          "tenors" { \voiceOne <<\global \tenorMusic >> }
        \new Voice =
          "basses" { \voiceTwo <<\global \bassMusic >> }
     >>

     \new Lyrics \with {alignAboveContext=men} \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
     \new Lyrics \lyricsto basses \bassWords
  >>

  \layout {
     \context {
        % a little smaller so lyrics
        % can be closer to the staff
        \Staff
        \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
     }
  }
} 
@end lilypond


@c bad node name to avoid node name confict
@node Ancient notation templates
@appendixsec Ancient notation templates

@appendixsubsec Transcription of mensural music

Bei der Transkription von Mensuralmusik ist es oft erwünscht, ein 
Incipit an den Anfang des Stückes zu stellen, damit klar ist, wie 
Tempo und Schlüssel in der Originalnotation gesetzt waren. Während 
heutzutage Musiker an Taktlinien gewöhnt sind, um Rhythmen schneller 
zu erkennen, wurden diese in der Mensuralmusik nicht verwendet. 
Tatsächlich ändern sich die Rhythmen auch oft alle paar Noten. Als 
ein Kompromiss werden die Notenlinien nicht auf dem System, sondern 
zwischen den Systemen geschrieben.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,line-width=11.0\cm]
\version "2.11.51"

global = {
  \set Score.skipBars = ##t

  % incipit
  \once \override Score.SystemStartBracket #'transparent = ##t
  \override Score.SpacingSpanner #'spacing-increment = #1.0 % tight spacing
  \key f \major
  \time 2/2
  \once \override Staff.TimeSignature #'style = #'neomensural
  \override Voice.NoteHead #'style = #'neomensural
  \override Voice.Rest #'style = #'neomensural
  \set Staff.printKeyCancellation = ##f
  \cadenzaOn % turn off bar lines
  \skip 1*10
  \once \override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##f
  \bar "||"
  \skip 1*1 % need this extra \skip such that clef change comes
            % after bar line
  \bar ""

  % main
  \revert Score.SpacingSpanner #'spacing-increment % CHECK: no effect?
  \cadenzaOff % turn bar lines on again
  \once \override Staff.Clef #'full-size-change = ##t
  \set Staff.forceClef = ##t
  \key g \major
  \time 4/4
  \override Voice.NoteHead #'style = #'default
  \override Voice.Rest #'style = #'default

  % FIXME: setting printKeyCancellation back to #t must not
  % occur in the first bar after the incipit.  Dto. for forceClef.
  % Therefore, we need an extra \skip.
  \skip 1*1
  \set Staff.printKeyCancellation = ##t
  \set Staff.forceClef = ##f

  \skip 1*7 % the actual music

  % let finis bar go through all staves
  \override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##f

  % finis bar
  \bar "|."
}

discantusNotes = {
  \transpose c' c'' {
    \set Staff.instrumentName = "Discantus  "

    % incipit
    \clef "neomensural-c1"
    c'1. s2   % two bars
    \skip 1*8 % eight bars
    \skip 1*1 % one bar

    % main
    \clef "treble"
    d'2. d'4 |
    b e' d'2 |
    c'4 e'4.( d'8 c' b |
    a4) b a2 |
    b4.( c'8 d'4) c'4 |
    \once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t c'1 |
    b\breve |
  }
}

discantusLyrics = \lyricmode {
  % incipit
  IV-

  % main
  Ju -- bi -- |
  la -- te De -- |
  o, om --
  nis ter -- |
  ra, __ om- |
  "..." |
  -us. |
}

altusNotes = {
  \transpose c' c'' {
    \set Staff.instrumentName = "Altus  "

    % incipit
    \clef "neomensural-c3"
    r1        % one bar
    f1. s2    % two bars
    \skip 1*7 % seven bars
    \skip 1*1 % one bar

    % main
    \clef "treble"
    r2 g2. e4 fis g | % two bars
    a2 g4 e |
    fis g4.( fis16 e fis4) |
    g1 |
    \once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t g1 |
    g\breve |
  }
}

altusLyrics = \lyricmode {
  % incipit
  IV-

  % main
  Ju -- bi -- la -- te | % two bars
  De -- o, om -- |
  nis ter -- ra, |
  "..." |
  -us. |
}

tenorNotes = {
  \transpose c' c' {
    \set Staff.instrumentName = "Tenor  "

    % incipit
    \clef "neomensural-c4"
    r\longa   % four bars
    r\breve   % two bars
    r1        % one bar
    c'1. s2   % two bars
    \skip 1*1 % one bar
    \skip 1*1 % one bar

    % main
    \clef "treble_8"
    R1 |
    R1 |
    R1 |
    r2 d'2. d'4 b e' | % two bars
    \once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t e'1 |
    d'\breve |
  }
}

tenorLyrics = \lyricmode {
  % incipit
  IV-

  % main
  Ju -- bi -- la -- te | % two bars
  "..." |
  -us. |
}

bassusNotes = {
  \transpose c' c' {
    \set Staff.instrumentName = "Bassus  "

    % incipit
    \clef "bass"
    r\maxima  % eight bars
    f1. s2    % two bars
    \skip 1*1 % one bar

    % main
    \clef "bass"
    R1 |
    R1 |
    R1 |
    R1 |
    g2. e4 |
    \once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t e1 |
    g\breve |
  }
}

bassusLyrics = \lyricmode {
  % incipit
  IV-

  % main
  Ju -- bi- |
  "..." |
  -us. |
}

\score {
  \new StaffGroup = choirStaff <<
    \new Voice =
      "discantusNotes" << \global \discantusNotes >>
    \new Lyrics =
      "discantusLyrics" \lyricsto discantusNotes { \discantusLyrics }
    \new Voice =
      "altusNotes" << \global \altusNotes >>
    \new Lyrics =
      "altusLyrics" \lyricsto altusNotes { \altusLyrics }
    \new Voice =
      "tenorNotes" << \global \tenorNotes >>
    \new Lyrics =
      "tenorLyrics" \lyricsto tenorNotes { \tenorLyrics }
    \new Voice =
      "bassusNotes" << \global \bassusNotes >>
    \new Lyrics =
      "bassusLyrics" \lyricsto bassusNotes { \bassusLyrics }
  >>
  \layout {
    \context {
      \Score

      % no bars in staves
      \override BarLine #'transparent = ##t

      % incipit should not start with a start delimiter
      \remove "System_start_delimiter_engraver"
    }
    \context {
      \Voice

      % no slurs
      \override Slur #'transparent = ##t

      % Comment in the below "\remove" command to allow line
      % breaking also at those barlines where a note overlaps
      % into the next bar.  The command is commented out in this
      % short example score, but especially for large scores, you
      % will typically yield better line breaking and thus improve
      % overall spacing if you comment in the following command.
      %\remove "Forbid_line_break_engraver"
    }
  }
}
@end lilypond


@appendixsubsec Gregorian transcription template

Dieses Beispiel zeigt eine moderne Transkription des Gregorianischen 
Chorals. Hier gibt es keine Takte, keine Notenhälse und es werden nur 
halbe und Viertelnoten verwendet. Zusätzliche Zeichen zeigen die 
Länge von Pausen an.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\include "gregorian-init.ly"
\version "2.11.51"

chant = \relative c' {
  \set Score.timing = ##f
  f4 a2 \divisioMinima
  g4 b a2 f2 \divisioMaior
  g4( f) f( g) a2 \finalis
}

verba = \lyricmode {
  Lo -- rem ip -- sum do -- lor sit a -- met
}

\score {
  \new Staff <<
    \new Voice = "melody" {
      \chant
    }
    \new Lyrics = "one" \lyricsto melody \verba
  >>

  \layout {
    \context {
      \Staff
      \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
      \remove "Bar_engraver"
      \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
    }
    \context {
      \Voice
      \override Stem #'length = #0
    }
    \context {
      \Score
      barAlways = ##t
    }
  }
}
@end lilypond


@node Jazz combo
@appendixsec Jazz combo

Hier ist ein ziemlich kompliziertes Beispiel für ein Jazz-Ensemble. Achtung: 
Alle Instrumente sind in @code{\key c \major} (C-Dur) notiert. Das bezieht sich 
auf die klingende Musik: LilyPond transponiert die Tonart automatisch, wenn 
sich die Noten innerhalb eines @code{\transpose}-Abschnitts befinden.

@c TODO must clean up this jazz combo example
@c   - transpositions stated in names (ie "trumpet in Bb" or whatever)
@c   - one global section, instead of "global" (time) and "key"
@c   - does it need those wierd macros?  sl, nsl, etc.
@c   - maybe ask Amelie Zapf to clean it up, or whether I should just
@c     make whatever changes I feel like.

@c FIXME: produces a warning ; key change merge.
@c The `line-width' argument is for the \header.

@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,line-width]
\version "2.11.51"
\header {
  title = "Song"
  subtitle = "(tune)"
  composer = "Me"
  meter = "moderato"
  piece = "Swing"
  tagline = \markup {
    \column {
      "LilyPond example file by Amelie Zapf,"
      "Berlin 07/07/2003"
    }
  }
  texidoc = "Jazz tune for combo
             (horns, guitar, piano, bass, drums)."
}

#(set-global-staff-size 16)
\include "english.ly"

%%%%%%%%%%%% Some macros %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

sl = {
  \override NoteHead #'style = #'slash
  \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
}
nsl = {
  \revert NoteHead #'style
  \revert Stem #'transparent
}
cr = \override NoteHead #'style = #'cross
ncr = \revert NoteHead #'style

%% insert chord name style stuff here.

jzchords = { }


%%%%%%%%%%%% Keys'n'thangs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

global = {
  \time 4/4
}

Key = { \key c \major }

% ############ Horns ############

% ------ Trumpet ------
trpt = \transpose c d \relative c'' {
  \Key
  c1 c c
}
trpharmony = \transpose c' d {
  \jzchords
}
trumpet = {
  \global
  \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Trumpet"
  \clef treble
  <<
    \trpt
  >>
}

% ------ Alto Saxophone ------
alto = \transpose c a \relative c' {
  \Key
  c1 c c
}
altoharmony = \transpose c' a {
  \jzchords
}
altosax = {
  \global
  \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Alto Sax"
  \clef treble
  <<
    \alto
  >>
}

% ------ Baritone Saxophone ------
bari = \transpose c a' \relative c {
  \Key
  c1 c \sl d4^"Solo" d d d \nsl
}
bariharmony = \transpose c' a \chordmode {
  \jzchords s1 s d2:maj e:m7
}
barisax = {
  \global
  \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Bari Sax"
  \clef treble
  <<
    \bari
  >>
}

% ------ Trombone ------
tbone = \relative c {
  \Key
  c1 c c
}
tboneharmony = \chordmode {
  \jzchords
}
trombone = {
  \global
  \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Trombone"
  \clef bass
  <<
    \tbone
  >>
}

% ############ Rhythm Section #############

% ------ Guitar ------
gtr = \relative c'' {
  \Key
  c1 \sl b4 b b b \nsl c1
}
gtrharmony = \chordmode {
  \jzchords
  s1 c2:min7+ d2:maj9
}
guitar = {
  \global
  \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Guitar"
  \clef treble
  <<
    \gtr
  >>
}

%% ------ Piano ------
rhUpper = \relative c'' {
  \voiceOne
  \Key
  c1 c c
}
rhLower = \relative c' {
  \voiceTwo
  \Key
  e1 e e
}

lhUpper = \relative c' {
  \voiceOne
  \Key
  g1 g g
}
lhLower = \relative c {
  \voiceTwo
  \Key
  c1 c c
}

PianoRH = {
  \clef treble
  \global
  \set Staff.midiInstrument = "acoustic grand"
  <<
    \new Voice = "one" \rhUpper
    \new Voice = "two" \rhLower
  >>
}
PianoLH = {
  \clef bass
  \global
  \set Staff.midiInstrument = "acoustic grand"
  <<
    \new Voice = "one" \lhUpper
    \new Voice = "two" \lhLower
  >>
}

piano = {
  <<
    \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Piano"
    \new Staff = "upper" \PianoRH
    \new Staff = "lower" \PianoLH
  >>
}

% ------ Bass Guitar ------
Bass = \relative c {
  \Key
  c1 c c
}
bass = {
  \global
  \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Bass"
  \clef bass
  <<
    \Bass
  >>
}

% ------ Drums ------
up = \drummode {
  hh4 <hh sn>4 hh <hh sn> hh <hh sn>4
  hh4 <hh sn>4
  hh4 <hh sn>4
  hh4 <hh sn>4
}

down = \drummode {
  bd4 s bd s bd s bd s bd s bd s
}

drumContents = {
  \global
  <<
    \set DrumStaff.instrumentName = #"Drums"
    \new DrumVoice { \voiceOne \up }
    \new DrumVoice { \voiceTwo \down }
  >>
}

%%%%%%%%% It All Goes Together Here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\score {
  <<
    \new StaffGroup = "horns" <<
      \new Staff = "trumpet" \trumpet
      \new Staff = "altosax" \altosax
      \new ChordNames = "barichords" \bariharmony
      \new Staff = "barisax" \barisax
      \new Staff = "trombone" \trombone
    >>

    \new StaffGroup = "rhythm" <<
      \new ChordNames = "chords" \gtrharmony
      \new Staff = "guitar" \guitar
      \new PianoStaff = "piano" \piano
      \new Staff = "bass" \bass
      \new DrumStaff { \drumContents }
    >>
  >>

  \layout {
    \context { \RemoveEmptyStaffContext }
    \context {
      \Score
      \override BarNumber #'padding = #3
      \override RehearsalMark #'padding = #2
      skipBars = ##t
    }
  }

  \midi { }
}
@end lilypond

@ignore

This isn't very useful, and only duplicates material in
"global issues".  And if this info changes, this section often
gets forgotten.

@no de Other templates
@se ction Other templates
@su bsection All headers

This template displays all available headers.  Some of them are only
used in the Mutopia project; they don't affect the printed output at
all.  They are used if you want the piece to be listed with different
information in the Mutopia database than you wish to have printed on the
music.  For example, Mutopia lists the composer of the famous D major
violin concerto as TchaikovskyPI, whereas perhaps you wish to print
"Petr Tchaikowski" on your music.

@ The `line-width' is for \header.
@li lypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,line-width]
\version "2.11.51"
\header {
  dedication = "dedication"
  title = "Title"
  subtitle = "Subtitle"
  subsubtitle = "Subsubtitle"
  composer = "Composer (xxxx-yyyy)"
  opus = "Opus 0"
  piece = "Piece I"
  meter = "meter"
  instrument = "Instrument"
  arranger = "Arranger"
  poet = "Poet"
  texttranslator = "Translator"
  copyright = "public domain"

  % These are headers used by the Mutopia Project
  % http://www.mutopiaproject.org/
  mutopiatitle = ""
  mutopiacomposer = ""
  mutopiapoet = ""
  mutopiainstrument = ""
  date = "composer's dates"
  source = "urtext "
  maintainer = "your name here"
  maintainerEmail = "your email here"
  maintainerWeb = "your home page"
  lastupdated = "2004/Aug/26"
}

\score {
  { c'4 }
  \header {
    piece = "piece1"
    opus = "opus1"
  }
}

\score {
  { c'4 }
  \header {
    piece = "piece2"
    opus = "opus2"
  }
}
@end lilypond
@end ignore


@node Lilypond-book templates
@appendixsec Lilypond-book templates

Diese Vorlagen können mit @code{lilypond-book} benutzt werden. Wenn 
Sie dieses Programm noch nicht kennen, lesen Sie bitte den Abschnitt 
@rprogram{LilyPond-book}.

@appendixsubsec LaTeX

LilyPond-Noten können in LaTeX-Dokumente eingefügt werden.

@example
\documentclass[]@{article@}

\begin@{document@}

Normaler LaTeX-Ttext.

\begin@{lilypond@}
\relative c'' @{
a4 b c d
@}
\end@{lilypond@}

Weiterer LaTeX-Text.

\begin@{lilypond@}
\relative c'' @{
d4 c b a
@}
\end@{lilypond@}
\end@{document@}
@end example

@appendixsubsec Texinfo

LilyPond-Noten können auch in Texinfo eingefügt werden -- dieses 
gesamte Handbuch ist in Texinfo geschrieben.

@example
\input texinfo
@@node Top

Texinfo-Text

@@lilypond[verbatim,fragment,ragged-right]
a4 b c d
@@end lilypond

Weiterer Texinfo-Text

@@lilypond[verbatim,fragment,ragged-right]
d4 c b a
@@end lilypond

@@bye
@end example