2 % TITLE=The music notation with computer bibliography
3 % AUTHOR=Han-Wen Nienhuys
6 @String{CitH = {Computing and the Humanities}}
7 @String{CMJ = {Computer Music Journal}}
13 title = {Editing and Printing Music by Computer},
14 author = {Leland Smith},
15 totalentry = {Journal of Music Theory},
19 note = {Gourlay\cite{gourlay86} writes: A discussion of Smith's
20 music-printing system SCORE}
26 title = {A System for Music Printing by Computer},
27 author = {Donald Byrd},
28 journal = {Computers and the Humanities},
35 author = {R. F. Ericson},
36 title = {The DARMS Project: A status report},
37 journal = {Computing in the humanities},
42 note = {Gourlay\cite{gourlay86} writes: A discussion of the design
43 and potential uses of the DARMS music-description language.}
49 title = {A Computer-Oriented System for Music Printing},
50 author = {David A. Gomberg},
51 school = {Washington University},
55 title = {A Computer-oriented System for Music Printing},
56 author = {David A. Gomberg},
63 note = {Gourlay \cite{gourlay86} writes: "A discussion of the
64 problems of representing the conventions of musical notation in
65 computer algorithms."}
69 @TechReport{Ornstein83,
70 author={Ornstein, Severo M. and John Turner Maxwell III},
71 title={Mockingbird: A Composer's Amanuensis},
72 institution={Xerox Palo Alto Research Center},
73 address={3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304},
80 author={Ornstein, Severo M. and John Turner Maxwell III},
81 title={Mockingbird: A Composer's Amanuensis},
87 note={A discussion of an interactive and graphical computer system
88 for music composition}
95 title = {Music Notation by Computer},
96 author = {Donald Byrd},
97 school = {Indiana University},
99 note = {Describes the SMUT (sic) system for automated music printout.}
103 @InProceedings{assayaag86,
104 author = {G. Assayaag and D. Timis},
105 title = {A Toolbox for music notation},
106 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1986 International Computer Music Conference},
112 title = {Music Formatting Guidelines},
114 number = {OSU-CISRC-3/88-TR10},
115 institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
117 note = {Rules on formatting music formulated for use in
118 computers. Mainly distilled from [Ross] HWN},
124 author = {Donald Byrd},
125 title = {Music Notation Software and Intelligence},
126 journal = {Computer Music Journal},
132 note = {Byrd (author of Nightinggale) shows four problematic
133 fragments of notation, and rants about notation programs that try to
134 exhibit intelligent behaviour. HWN}
138 @Article{field-richards93,
139 author = {H.S. Field-Richards},
140 title = {Cadenza: A Music Description Language},
146 note = {A description through examples of a music entry language.
147 Apparently it has no formal semantics. There is also no
148 implementation of notation convertor. HWN}
153 author = {Herbert Bielawa},
154 title = {Review of Sibelius 7},
158 note = {A raving review/tutorial of Sibelius 7 for Acorn. (And did
159 they seriously program a RISC chip in ... assembler ?!) HWN}
165 author = {Donald Sloan},
166 title = {Aspects of Music Representation in HyTime/SMDL},
172 note = {An introduction into HyTime and its score description variant
173 SMDL. With a short example that is quite lengthy in SMDL}
178 author = {Geraint Wiggins and Eduardo Miranda and Alaaaan Smaill and Mitch Harris},
179 title = {A Framework for the evaluation of music representation systems},
185 note = {A categorisation of music representation systems (languages,
186 OO systems etc) splitted into high level and low level expressiveness.
187 The discussion of Charm and parallel processing for music
188 representation is rather vague. HWN}
194 @Article{dannenberg93,
195 author = {Roger B. Dannenberg},
196 title = {Music Representation: Issues, Techniques, and Systems},
201 url = {http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/52890.html},
203 note = {This article points to some problems and solutions with music
204 representation. HWN},
208 @Article{rothstein93,
209 author = {Joseph Rothstein},
210 title = {Review of Passport Designs' Encore Music Notation Software},
220 author = {Alan Belkin},
221 title = {Macintosh Notation Software: Present and Future},
227 note = {Some music notation systems are analysed for ease of use,
228 MIDI handling. The article ends with a plea for a standard notation
233 @InProceedings{montel97,
234 author = {Dominique Montel},
235 title = {La gravure de la musique, lisibilit\'e esth\'etique, respect de l'oevre},
236 booktitle = {Musique \& Notations},
239 editors ={Genevois \& Orlarey}
246 note = {Annual editions since 1985, many containing surveys of music typesetting technology. SP},
247 title = {Directory of Computer Assisted Research in Musicology},
248 author = {Walter B Hewlett and Eleanor Selfridge-Field},
249 totalentry = {Menlo Park, CA: Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities},
253 @Book{selfridge-field97:_beyon_midi,
254 title = {Beyond MIDI: the handbook of musical codes},
255 editor = {Eleanor Selfridge-Field},
256 publisher = {MIT Press},
259 note = {A description of various music interchange formats.}
263 @InProceedings{hoos98:_guido_music_notat_format,
264 title={The {GUIDO} Music Notation Format---A Novel Approach
265 for Adequately Representing Score-level Music},
266 author = {H. H. Hoos and K. A. Hamel and K. Renz and J. Kilian},
267 booktitle = {Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference},
272 @Article {blostein91,
274 note = {This paper provides a overview of the algorithm used in LIME
275 for spacing individual lines. HWN},
278 title = {Justification of Printed Music},
279 author = {Dorothea Blostein and Lippold Haken},
280 journal = {Communications of the ACM},
289 note = {A description of Lime internals (which resemble older (before 0.0.68pre) LilyPond data structures) HWN},
291 title = {The Tilia Music Representation: Extensibility, Abstraction, and Notation Contexts for the Lime Music Editor},
292 author = {Lippold Haken and Dorothea Blostein},
293 journal = {Computer Music Journal},
299 author = {Dorothea Blostein and Lippold Haken},
300 title = {The Lime Music Editor: A Diagram Editor Involving Complex
302 journal = {Software Practice and Experience},
309 note = {A description of various conversions, decisions and issues
310 relating to this interactive editor HWN},
316 @InProceedings{haken95,
318 title = {A New Algorithm for Horizontal Spacing of Printed Music},
319 author = {Lippold Haken and Dorothea Blostein},
320 booktitle = {International Computer Music Conference},
325 note = {This describes an algorithm which uses springs between
326 adjacent columns. }, }
329 @InProceedings{bouzaiene98:_une,
330 author = {Nabil Bouzaiene and Lo\"ic Le Gall and Emmanuel Saint-James},
331 title = {Une biblioth\`eque pour la notation musicale baroque},
332 booktitle = {EP '98},
336 note = {Describes ATYS, an extension to Berlioz, that can mimick
337 handwritten baroque style beams}
343 @InProceedings{balaban88,
344 author = {M. Balaban},
345 title = {A Music Workstation Based on Multiple Hierarchical Views of Music},
346 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1988 International Computer Music Conference},
348 address = {San Francisco},
349 organization = {International Computer Music Association}
355 @TechReport {gourlay87-spacing,
356 annote = {Algorithm for generating spacing in one line of (polyphonic) music, tailored for use with MusiCopy. LilyPond uses a variant of it.},
358 title = {Spacing a Line of Music,},
359 author = {John S. Gourlay},
360 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR35},
361 institution ={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
365 @TechReport {parish87,
366 annote = {A brief overview of {MusiCopy}},
368 title = {{MusiCopy}: An automated Music Formatting System},
369 author = {Allen Parish and Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay and Dean K. Roush and F. Javier Sola},
370 totalentry = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR29},
371 institution ={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
375 @TechReport {gourlay87-formatting,
376 note = {This paper discusses the development of algorithms for the
377 formatting of musical scores (from abstract). It also appeared at
378 PROTEXT III, Ireland 1986},
381 title = {Computer Formatting of Music},
382 author = {John S. Gourlay and A. Parrish
383 and D. Roush and F. Sola and Y. Tien},
384 number = {OSU-CISRC-2/87-TR3},
385 institution ={Department of Computer and Information Science,
386 The Ohio State University},
390 @TechReport {hegazy87,
392 title = {On the Implementation of the {MusiCopy} Language Processor,},
394 author = {Wael A. Hegazy},
395 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR34},
396 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
398 note = {Describes the "parser" which converts {MusiCopy} MDL to
399 MusiCopy Simultaneities and columns.
401 MDL is short for Music Description Language\cite{gourlay86}. It
402 accepts music descriptions that are organised into measures filled
403 with voices, which are filled with notes. The measures can be arranged
404 simultaneously or sequentially. To address the 2-dimensionality,
405 almost all constructs in MDL must be labeled.
407 MDL uses begin/end markers for attribute values and spanners.
408 Rightfully the author concludes that MusiCopy must administrate a
409 "state" variable containing both properties and current spanning symbols.
411 MusiCopy attaches graphic information to the objects constructed in
412 the input: the elements of the input are partially complete graphic
420 @TechReport {hegazy87-breaking-tr,
422 annote = {This generalizes \TeX's breaking algorithm to music. It also
423 appeared in Document Manipulation and Typography, J.C. van Vliet (ed)
428 title = {Optimal line breaking in music},
429 author = {Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay},
430 number = {OSU-CISRC-8/87-TR33},
431 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University,},
434 @InProceedings{hegazy88:_optim,
435 author = {Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay},
436 booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on
437 Electronic Publishing, Document Manipulation and Typography. Nice (France)},
440 editor={J. C. van Vliet},
441 publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
442 ISBN={0-521-36294-6},
443 title = {Optimal line breaking in music},
447 @TechReport {roush87,
448 note = {User manual of MusiCopy. },
451 title = {Using {MusiCopy}},
452 author = {Dean K. Roush},
453 number = {OSU-CISRC-18/87-TR31},
454 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
458 @TechReport {parrish87-simultaneities,
460 note = {This note discusses
461 placement of balls, stems, dots which occur at the same moment
465 title = {Computer Formatting of Musical Simultaneities,},
466 author = {A. Parrish and John S. Gourlay},
467 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
468 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR28},
473 note = {Overview of a procedure for generating slurs},
475 title = {Computer Design of Musical Slurs, Ties and Phrase Marks,},
477 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
478 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR32},
483 note = {This paper describes the {MusiCopy} musicsetting system and an input language to go with it.},
486 title = {A language for music printing},
487 author = {John. S. Gourlay},
488 journal = {Communications of the ACM},
495 @TechReport {sola87-beams,
497 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio
500 note = {Calculating beam slopes HWN},
502 title = {Design of Musical Beams,},
503 author = {F. Sola and D. Roush},
504 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR30},
509 note = {Don't ask Stephen for a copy. Write to the Bodleian Library, Oxford, or to the British Library, instead. SP},
511 title = {Computer Tools for Music Information Retrieval},
512 author = {Stephen Dowland Page},
513 school ={Dissertation University of Oxford},
518 % three part study by John Gr/over
519 @TechReport{grover89-symbols,
520 author = {John Gr\/over},
521 title = {A computer-oriented description of Music Notation. Part I. The Symbol Inventory},
522 institution = {Department of informatics, University of Oslo},
526 note = {The goal of this series of reports is a full description of
527 music formatting. As these largely depend on parameters of fonts, it
528 starts with a verbose description of music symbols.
530 The subject is treated backwards: from general rules of typesetting
531 the author tries to extract dimensions for characters, whereas the
532 rules of typesetting (in a particular font) follow from the dimensions
533 of the symbols. His symbols do not match (the stringent) constraints
534 formulated by eg. \cite{wanske}} }
536 @TechReport{grover89-twovoices,
537 author = {John Gr\/over},
538 title = {A computer-oriented description of Music Notation. Part II: Two Voice Sharing a Staff, Leger Line Rules, Dot Positioning},
540 institution = {Department of informatics, University of Oslo},
544 note = {A lot rules for what is in the title are formulated. The
545 descriptions are long and verbose. The verbosity shows that
546 formulating specific rules is not the proper way to approach the
547 problem. Instead, the formulated rules should follow from more
548 general rules, similar to\cite{parrish87-simultaneities}},
551 @TechReport{grover89-accidentals,
552 author = {John Gr\/over},
553 title = {A computer-oriented description of Music Notation. Part III: Accidental Positioning},
554 institution = {Department of informatics, University of Oslo},
558 note = {Placement of accidentals crystallised in an enormous set of
559 rules. Same remarks as for \cite{grover89-twovoices} applies} }
562 @PhdThesis{mueller90:_inter_bearb_musik,
563 author = {Giovanni M\"uller},
564 title = {Interaktive Bearbeitung konventioneller Musiknotation},
565 school = {Eidgen\"ossischen Technischen Hochschule Z\"urich},
568 note = {This is about engraver-quality typesetting with computers. It
569 accepts the axiom that notation is too difficult to generate
570 automatically. The result is that a notation program should be a
571 WYSIWYG editor that allows one to tweak everything.
580 @MastersThesis{roelofs91,
582 note = {This dutch thesis describes a monophonic typesetting system,
583 and focuses on the breaking algorithm, which is taken from Hegazy &
587 title = {Een Geautomatiseerd Systeem voor het Afdrukken van Muziek},
588 author = {Ren\'e Roelofs},
589 school={Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam},
591 translation = {``An automated system for printing music'' Master's Thesis Managerial Computer Science.},
595 @Article {filgueiras93,
597 title = {Representation and manipulation of music documents in SceX},
598 author = {Miguel Filgueiras and Jos\'e Paulo Leal},
599 journal= {Electronic Publishing},
601 number={4}, pages = {507--518},
602 url={http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/512957.html},
608 note = {A paper on a simple TROFF preprocessor to typeset music. },
611 title = {Music --- A language for typesetting music scores},
612 author = {Eric Foxley},
613 journal = {Software --- Practice and Experience},
619 @Article {Langston90,
621 note = {This paper deals with some command-line
622 tools for music editing and playback. },
625 title = {Unix music tools at Bellcore},
626 author = {Peter S. Langston},
627 journal={Software --- Practice and Experience},
636 title = {Implementing a Symbolic Music Processing System},
637 author = {Miguel Filgueiras},
638 totalentry = {LIACC, Universidade do Porto, 1996; submitted},
642 title = {Some Music Typesetting Algorithms},
643 author = {Miguel Filgueiras},
644 totalentry = {Miguel Filgueiras. ``Some Music Typesetting Algorithms''. LIACC, Universidade do Porto, forthcoming},
648 @Article {colorado-web,
649 author ={Alyssa Lamb},
651 note = {Webpages about engraving (designed with finale
652 users in mind) (sic) HWN},
654 institution = {The University of Colorado},
655 title ={The University of Colorado Music Engraving page.},
656 HTML={http://www.cc.colorado.edu/Dept/MU/Musicpress/},
664 @Article {tablature-web,
665 note = {FAQ (with answers) about TAB, the ASCII variant of Tablature. HWN},
666 title = {how to read and write tab: a guide to tab notation},
667 author = {Howard Wright},
668 email={Howard.Wright@ed.ac.uk},
669 url={http://www.guitartabs.cc/tabfaq.shtml},
674 note = {Specs for NIFF, a reasonably comprehensive but binary
675 format for notation HWN},
678 title = {NIFF6a Notation Interchange File Format},
679 author = {Cindy Grande},
680 publisher={Grande Software Inc.},
681 HTML= {http://www.jtauber.com/music/encoding/niff/},
682 ftp = {ftp://blackbox.cartah.washington.edu}
687 title = {SMDL, Standard Musical Description Language},
688 pdf= {ftp://ftp.ornl.gov/pub/sgml/wg8/smdl/10743.pdf},
689 note={ISO/IEC DIS 10743
691 SGML instance for describing music. Very comprehensive in music
692 definition, but no support for notation / performance whatsoever (They
693 basically say: "You can embed a NIFF or MIDI file")}
701 note = {Describes a system called MusicEase, and explains that it
702 uses "constraints" (which go unexplained) to automatically position
706 title = {Creating Printed Music Automatically},
707 author = {Gary M. Rader},
708 journal = {Computer},
716 @MastersThesis{gall97:_creat,
717 author = {Lo\"ic Le Gall},
718 title = {Cr\'eation d'une police adapt\'ee \`a la notation musicale baroque},
719 school = {\'Ecole Estienne},
723 @TechReport{droettboom00:_study_notat_descr_languag,
724 author = {Michael Droettboom},
725 title = {Study of music Notation Description Languages},
727 url= {http://gigue.peabody.jhu.edu/~mdboom/format.pdf},
729 note ={GUIDO and lilypond compared. LilyPond wins on practical
730 issues as usability and availability of tools, GUIDO wins on
731 implementation simplicity.} }
733 @PhdThesis{gieseking01:_code_gener_noten,
734 author = {Martin Gieseking},
735 title = {Code-basierte Generierung interaktiver Notengraphik
738 school = {Universit\"at Osnabr\"uck},
740 isbn = {ISBN 3-923486-30-8}
743 @Book{hewlett01:_virtual_score,
744 editor = {Walter B. Hewlett and Eleanor Selfridge-Field},
745 title = {The Virtual Score; representation, retrieval and restoration},
746 publisher = {MIT Press},
747 series = {Computing in Musicology},
753 @PhdThesis{renz02:_algor_guido,
755 title = {Algorithms and data structures for a music notation system based on GUIDO music notation},
756 school = {Universit\"at Darmstadt},
760 @InBook{powell02:_music,
761 author = {Steven Powell},
762 title = {Music engraving today},
763 publisher = {Brichtmark},
766 note = {A "How Steven uses Finale" manual.}
770 @InProceedings{nienhuys03:_lilyp,
771 author = {Han-Wen Nienhuys and Jan Nieuwenhuizen},
772 title = {LilyPond, a system for automated music engraving},
773 booktitle = {XIV Colloquium on Musical Informatics},