+++ /dev/null
-#
-# Unit defintions
-# 18 May 2001 M-J. Dominus <mjd-perl-units+@plover.com>.
-# This file is in the PUBLIC DOMAIN.
-# All rights abandoned.
-#
-# If you discover definitions of units that do not appear in this
-# file, you are invited to mail them to mjd-perl-units+@plover.com, so
-# that I can include them in a future version. Please include the
-# date of this file, 18 May 2001, with all such submissions.
-
-# If a unit is defined as `***', that means
-# it has no definition because it is a fundamental unit.
-
-# http://perl.plover.com/units/unittab
-
-# Fundamental units:
-# Seven instrinsic SI units:
-gram ***
-meter ***
-# Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org> adds metre alias
-metre meter
-second ***
-ampere ***
-candela ***
-Kelvin ***
-mole ***
-# Two supplementary units
-radian ***
-steradian ***
-# Some miscellany
-dollar ***
-bit ***
-sheet *** # Of paper
-turn *** # Of coiled wire
-
-# DIMENSIONLESS
-pi 3.1415926535897932386
-two 2
-half 1|2
-e 2.718281828459045 # Why did I put this in? Oh, I don't know.
-Neper 1 # Unit of logarithmic ratio
-Np Neper
-# Would it be better to make this a fundamental unit?
-bel .868588963 Np # 2/ln(10) actually
-B bel
-dB decibel
-
-# LENGTH
-m meter
-km kilometer
-cm centimeter
-mm millimeter
-micron micrometer
-inch 2.54 cm # This is the official definition and is exact
-mil milliinch
-in inch
-barleycorn 1/3 inch # Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org
-inches inch # plural
-foot 12 inch
-ft foot
-feet foot
-yard 3 feet
-yd yard
-mile 5280 feet
-mi mile
-#nautical 1.151 # For `nautical mile'
-nautical 1.150779447892
-statute 1
-# pilots need this :)
-nm 1 nautical mile
-sm 1 statute mile
-parsec 1.91615e13 mi
-#parsec 3.08568025e16 m # better?
-# light year will be implied by `year' and `light' below
-fathom 6 ft
-cable 120 fathoms
-league 3 mi
-bolt 25 yd # Of cloth; bolt length varies from bolt to bolt
- # 25 yd is typical
-cubit 18 in
-ell 45 in # More or less standard, although other ells
- # have also been used.
-hand 4 in
-palm 3 in
-span 9 in
-pace 2.5ft
-astronomicalunit 92.9 megamiles # Is this exact?
-au astronomicalunit
-rope 20 ft
-skein 360 feet
-
-# Surveyor's
-furlong 1|8 mi
-chain 1|10 furlong
-rod 1|4 chain
-link 1|100 chain
-
-# Typographic
-point .013837 in
-pt point
-bigpoint 1|72 in
-pica 12 pt
-didot 1238|1157 pt
-dd didot
-cicero 12dd # TeX likes to abbreviate this to cc, but cc is cubic centimeter
-scaledpoint 1|65536 pt # Internal to TeX
-sp scaledpoint
-
-
-
-# AREA
-are (10 m)2 # Implies `hectare'
-acre chain furlong # Now you know why an acre is the size it is
-rood 1|4 acre
-township 36 mi2 # Who uses these?
-barn (1.0E-12 centimeter)2 # Particle physics
-board 144 in3/ft # Implies `board feet'
-
-# VOLUME
-cc cm3
-liter (decimeter)3
-ml milliliter
-stere m3
-floz 29.573 ml # `floz' means `fluid ounce', which is different
- # from `ounce', which is a measurement of mass.
- # See `pound' below for more details.
-fldram 1|8 floz
-minim 1|60 fldram
-cup 8 floz
-cu cup
-gill 1|2 cup
-pint two cups
-quart two pints
-pottle two quarts # Yup!
-gallon two pottles
-qt quart
-gal gallon
-tablespoon 1|2 floz
-tbsp tablespoon
-teaspoon 1|3 tbsp
-tsp teaspoon
-cordfoot 16 ft2 # NOT the same as `cord foot'.
-cordfeet cordfoot
-cord 8 cordfeet
-# Barrels are complicated. `Barrel' here means `U.S. liquid barrel'.
-barrel 31.5 gal
-bbl barrel
-hogshead two barrels
-butt two hogsheads
-tun two butts
-firkin 9 gal # American firkin, not British firkin
-perch 24.75 ft3 # Masonry
-puncheon 84 gal
-# Following units contributed 20011217 Thomas R Wyant III
-fifth 1|5 gallon
-magnum 2.5 fifth
-jeroboam 4 fifth
-rehoboam 7.5 fifth
-methuselah 10 fifth
-shalmanazar 14 fifth
-balthazar 20 fifth
-nebuchadnezzar 25 fifth
-
-# Delightful British liquid volumes; they all begin with `brit'.
-britfloz 28.41225 ml
-britminim 1|480 britfloz
-britdrachm 1|8 britfloz
-drachm britdrachm # U.S. drachm is spelled `dram'.
-britgill 5 britfloz # five, NOT four.
-britnoggin britgill
-noggin britnoggin # Yeah, as though anyone else would have a `noggin.'
-britpint 4 britgill
-britpt britpint
-britquart 2 britpint
-britqt britquart
-britgallon 4 britquart
-britgal britgallon
-britpeck 2 britgal
-britfirkin 9 britgal
-britkilderkin two britfirkins
-kilderkin britkilderkin # kilderkin is British only
-britbucket 4 britgal # That's `britbucket,' not `bit bucket'.
-bucket britbucket # Buckets are brit only.
-britlast 2909.414 liters
-last britlast
-
-# Dry volume
-dry 1.164904862579 # For `dry pint,' `dry quart,' etc.
-peck 8 dry quarts
-bushel 4 pecks
-bu bushel
-seam 8bu
-bag 3bu
-
-imperial 1.201 # For `imperial pint,' etc.
-
-# MASS (also WEIGHT)
-#
-# To avoid confusing the end user, we will pretend that `pound' is
-# a unit of mass, interconvertible with `grams'. If you want
-# pounds of force, see `lbf,' below. In this section, `pound'
-# really means `mass of an object that weighs one-pound at the surface
-# of the Earth.' That is, in this program, `slug' has its usual
-# meaning, and `pound' is synonymous aith `slug'.
-g gram
-kg kilogram
-metricton kilokilogram
-tonne metricton
-mg milligram
-grain 64.79891 mg
-ounce 437.5 grains
-oz ounce
-pound 16 oz
-lb pound
-slug lb
-hundredweight 112 lb # This is the `long' hundredweight, analagous to
- # the long ton. There is also a `short' hundredwight,
- # but it's just a hectlb, so I put this one in instead.
-cwt hundredweight
-quarter 5 cwts
-longton 20 cwt
-#ton longton # use shortton my default Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org>
-short 100|112 # Convert long tons, cwts, and quarters to short.
-shortton short longton
-ton short longton # the american ton, see metriton and longton
-stone 14 lb
-cental 100 lb
-wey 252 lb
-# Obscure apothecaries' measures
-scruple 20 grains
-dram 3 scruples
-apothounce 480 grains
-apothoz apothounce
-apothpound 12 apothoz
-apothlb apothpound
-# Troy measures (for gold and precious stones)
-pennyweight 24 grains
-troyoz 480 grains # We can't define `troy' as a constant,
- # because there are 16 oz in a lb, but only
- # 12 troyoz in a troylb, so at least one of
- # `troy oz' or `troy lb' would be wrong.
-troylb 12 troyoz
-carat 3.08647 grain # Metric version. Is this useful?
-atomicmassunit 1.6605402e-27 kg # NIST 19990301 (+/- 0.10e-33 kg)
-amu atomicmassunit
-quintal 100kg # Metric quintal. Wasn't there another quintal?
-elvis 255lb # At the time of his death, the King weighed 255 lb.
-
-# TIME
-sec second
-s second
-minute 60 sec
-min minute
-hour 60 min
-hr hour
-day 24 hrs
-dy day # This will denote mean solar days
-siderealday 0.99726957 dys
-week 7 days
-wk week
-month 30 days
-lunarmonth 29.530588 days # Mean solar days
-meanmonth 730 hours
-mo month
-tropicalyear 365.24219 dys # Mean solar days
-siderealyear 365.25636 dys # Mean solar days
-leapyear 366 dys # Mean solar days
-calendaryear 365 dys # Mean solar days
-gregorianyear 365.2425 dys
-year tropicalyear # Correct on average for most calculations
-yr years
-fortnight two weeks
-decade 10 years
-century 100 years
-millennium 1000 years
-millennia millennium
-centuries century
-beat 1|1000 day # Swatch Internet Time (``Fuck the Sun'')
-# Velocity
-knot 1 nautical mi/hour
-mph 1 mi/hr
-
-# SCIENTIFIC
-#
-# Electromagnetic items, work, force, energy.
-#
-# Velocity
-c 299792458 m/s # NIST 19990301 EXACT
-light c # Implies `light year'
-
-
-# Absolute temperature
-kelvin Kelvin
-K Kelvin
-Rankine 5|9 K # This is a very funny unit
-Ra Rankine
-
-# Amount of substance
-mol mole
-Avogadro 6.0221367e23
-avogadro Avogadro
-molecule 1 mole per Avogadro # 1 mole is an Avogagro-number of molecules
-
-# Current
-# The Ampere is fundamental here, defined as the constant current
-# which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite
-# length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1m apart in
-# vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2e-7
-# newtons per meter of length.
-Ampere ampere
-amp ampere
-abampere 10 amps
-abamp abampere
-statampere 3.335635e-11 abamperes
-statamp statampere
-
-# What is this called? Is it capitalized? Is there an abbreviation?
-gilbert 0.79577472 ampere turns
-
-# Electrostatic charge
-Coulomb ampere sec
-coulomb Coulomb
-coul Coulomb
-C Coulomb
-electron 1.60217733e-19 C # Charge on the electron; implies electron-volts
-e electron
-abcoulomb 10C
-statcoulomb 3.335635e-11 abcoulomb
-
-
-# Force
-Newton kg m/s2
-newton Newton
-N newton
-dyne g cm/s2
-grav 9.8 m/s2 # Acceleration due to gravity
-gee grav
-# Actually the accleration varies with altitude and latitude,
-# from 9.78039 m/s2 at the equator to 9.83217 m/s2 at the poles.
-# This mean value corresponds to a latitude of about 38 degrees.
-lbf lb grav
-
-# Pressure
-Pascal N/m2
-pascal Pascal
-Pa pascal
-atmosphere 101325 N/m2 # NIST 20010518 EXACT
-atm atmosphere
-bar megadyne/cm2 # Implies `millibars'
-mercury 1|760 atm/mm # Implies `mm mercury' and `inches mercury'
-hg mercury
-torricelli mm hg
-torr torricelli
-water .0295 atm/ft # Implies `feet water'
-barye dyne/cm2
-air 6.6083e-5 atm/foot # At 60 deg.F; Implies `feet air'
-
-# Work and energy
-Joule newton-meter
-joule Joule
-J joule
-footpound ft-lbf # foot-pound won't work, because `pound' is a mass
-calorie 4.186 J
-cal calorie
-kcal kilocalorie
-britishthermalunit 1054.8 J
-btu britishthermalunit
-erg dyne-cm
-# Kilowatt-hour (kWh) will be implied by `Watt'.
-
-
-# Power
-Watt J/sec
-watt Watt
-W Watt
-horsepower 550 ft-lbf/s
-
-# Electric potential
-Volt W/amp
-volt Volt
-V Volt
-abvolt 1|100 microvolt
-statvolt 2.997930e10 V
-
-# Frequency
-cycle 1 # For `cycles per second'
-Hertz cycles per second
-Hz Hertz
-hz Hz
-
-# Inductance
-Henry volt s/amp
-henry Henry
-H Henry
-abhenry 1.0e-9 henry
-Henries Henry # For plural
-henries Henry
-stathenry 8.987584e11 henries
-stathenries stathenry
-
-# Etc.
-Weber volt s
-weber Weber
-Wb weber
-Tesla Wb/m2
-tesla Tesla
-T tesla
-Oersted 1|4 pi kiloamp/m
-oersted Oersted
-Oe oersted
-Maxwell 1.0e-8 Wb
-maxwell Maxwell
-Mx Maxwell
-Gauss 1.0e-4 T
-gauss Gauss
-# We won't use G for Gauss because it is more important to
-# use it for the universal gravitational constant
-
-# Capacitance
-# `farad' is *not* an abbreviation for `Faraday' as far as I can tell.
-farad amp sec / volt
-F farad
-abfarad 1.0e9 farad
-statfarad 1.112646e-13 farad
-
-# Resistance
-Ohm volt/amp
-ohm Ohm
-abohm 1.0e-9 ohm
-statohm 8.987584e11 Ohms
-
-# Conductance
-mho 1/ohm
-abmho 1/abohm
-Siemens mho
-siemens Siemens
-
-# Misc
-Angstrom 1.0e-10 m
-angstrom Angstrom
-G 6.67259e-11 N m2/kg2 # Newton gravitational constant NIST19990301
-lightyear light year # Common abbreviation
-eV e V # Electron volts
-ev eV
-kev kiloeV
-Mev megaeV
-Gev gigaeV
-Tev teraeV
-energy c2 # You can ask for `1 gram energy' and get
- # the amount of energy equivalent to
- # 1 gram according to e=mc2.
- # Check: 1amu energy == 931.16 Mev?
-Franklin (10/c) C cm/sec
-Fr Franklin
-franklin Franklin
-Biot 10 amp
-Bi Biot
-biot Biot
-
-# Viscosity - Maybe someone who understands this better can check.
-poise g/(cm s) # Named after M. Poiseuille
-rhe 1/poise
-reyn (lbf s)/in2
-# Kinematic viscosity = viscosity per unit density
-stoke cm2/s
-
-# Refrigeration - Maybe someone who understands this better can check.
-refrigeration 288000 btu/ton
-ice tons refrigeration / 2009.1 lb
-
-# Light
-# The candela is fundamental here. Prior to 1979, it was defined as
-# the luminous intensity of a black body at the temperature of
-# solidification of platinum, whose radiating surface is 1/60 cm2. It
-# is now the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source
-# that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540e12 Hz and that
-# has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1|683 W/sr
-cd candela
-sr steradian
-lumen candela sr
-lm lumen
-lux lm/m2
-lx lux
-candlepower 12.566370 lumens
-candle candela # ``International standard candle''
-Hefner 0.90 candles # This was the German standard in early C20.
-hefner Hefner
-Lambert lm/cm2
-lambert Lambert
-footcandle lm/ft2 # NOT the same as foot-candle.
-phot 1.0e4 lx
-stilb candle/m2 # Same as a pi lambert
-
-# Various important physical constants
-# I got this stuff from physics.nist.gov on 19990301.
-h 6.6260755e-27 erg-sec # Planck's constant
-hbar h/(2 pi)
-plancklength 1.61605e-35 m
-planckmass 2.17671e-8 kg
-plancktime 5.39056e-44 sec
-# Let's reserve `Planck' for a while longer until I can decide if
-# they'd be useful in `planck time' etc.
-permeability 4*pi*1.0e-7 H/m # Magnetic permeability of vacuum constant
-permittivity 8.854187817e-12 F/m # Electric permittivity of vacuum constant
-protonmass 1.6726231e-27 kg
-neutronmass 1.6749286e-27 kg
-electronmass 9.1093897e-31 kg
-finestructure 7.29735308e-3 # Rl
-# Electron charge is up above under `electrostatic'.
-# There's no reason to get too obscure here because if someone wants
-# they can make up an `obscure physical constants' file that
-# physiscists could load in if they wanted to. So I've omitted stuff
-# like the magnetic moment of the muon.
-
-# ANGULAR
-rad radian
-circle 2 pi radians
-revolution circle # For revolutions / sec
-rev revolution
-rpm revolutions per minute
-quadrant 1|4 circle
-degree 1|360 circle
-arcminute 1|60 degree
-arcsecond 1|60 arcminute
-arcmin arcminute
-arcsec arcsecond
-sphere 4 pi steradians
-grade 1|100 quadrant
-grad grade
-
-# PAPER
-quire 50 sheets
-ream 10 quires
-
-# INFORMATION
-byte 8 bits
-nybble half byte
-kbyte 1024 bytes # `kilobyte' means 1000 bytes
-# Don't use `K'; that's for Kelvins.
-kb kbyte
-Kb kbyte
-KB kbyte
-mbyte 1024 kbytes # `megabyte' means 1000000 bytes
-meg mbyte
-kbit 1024 bits
-Kbit kbit
-mbit 1024 kbits
-Mbit mbit
-baud bit/sec # Not strictly correct
-
-# MONEY
-#
-# Conversions accurate only as of 25 November 1996.
-#
-$ dollar
-usdollar $
-usd $
-us$ $
-$us $
-US$ $
-$US $
-cent 1|100 $
-Australia.dollar 0.8123$
-AUS$ Australia.dollar
-Austria.schilling 0.09438$
-Belgium.franc 0.03223$
-Brazil.real 0.9709$
-British.pound 1.681$
-pound.sterling British.pound
-sterling British.pound
-Canada.dollar 0.7468$
-Can$ Canada.dollar
-Cayman.currency 1.22$
-Denmark.krone 0.173$
-krone Denmark.krone
-EuropeanCommunityUnit.ECU 1.278$
-ECU EuropeanCommunityUnit.ECU
-ecu ECU
-Finland.markka 0.2203$
-markka Finland.markka
-France.franc 0.1963$
-franc France.franc
-Germany.mark 0.6647$
-DM Germany.mark
-Deutschmark DM
-mark DM
-Greece.drachma 0.004216$
-drachma Greece.drachma
-HongKong.dollar 0.1294$
-HK$ HongKong.dollar
-India.rupee 0.02797$
-rupee India.rupee
-Ireland.punt 1.684$
-punt Ireland.punt
-Israel.shekel 0.3623$
-shekel Israel.shekel
-Italy.lira 0.0006655$
-Japan.yen 0.008976$
-yen Japan.yen
-Kenya.shilling 0.02376$
-Malaysia.dollar 0.397$
-Mexico.peso 0.1269$
-peso Mexico.peso
-Morocco.dirham 0.1248$
-dirham Morocco.dirham
-Netherlands.guilder 0.5924$
-guilder Netherlands.guilder
-NewZealand.dollar 0.7153$
-NZ$ NewZealand.dollar
-Norway.krone 0.1576$
-krone Norway.krone
-Portugal.escudo 0.006577$
-escudo Portugal.escudo
-Senegal.CFAfranc 0.002019$
-SouthAfrica.rand 0.2169$
-rand SouthAfrica.rand
-Spain.peseta 0.007896$
-peseta Spain.peseta
-Sweden.krona 0.1513$
-krona Sweden.krona
-Switzerland.franc 0.788$
-swissfranc Switzerland.franc
-Swissfranc Switzerland.franc
-Turkey.lira 1.3e-05$
-# Old-style Brit money. Did I omit anything interesting?
-sovereign sterling
-shilling 1|20 sterling
-penny 1|12 shilling
-pence penny
-farthing 1|4 penny
-hapenny half penny
-twopence two pence
-tuppence two pence
-thruppence 3 pence
-threepence 3 pence
-sixpence 6 pence
-crown 5 shillings # Implies `half crown'
-guinea 21 shillings
-florin 2 shillings
-
-
-# 18th century French coinage. References:
-# http://home.nordnet.fr/~jlmorel/mesures.html and reverse-engineered
-# from The Three Musketeers
-# 20011227 Thomas R Wyant III
-livre franc ### 3 Musketeers has francs!
- ### Now, you too can convert Louis d'Or to U.S. Dollars!
-sou 1|20 livre
-crown 3 livres # It's ecu in French, not to be confused with ECU.
-pistole 10 livres
-double 2 # 3 Musketeers refers to double pistoles, so ...
-louis 24 livres
-### Now if only I had good definitions for reals and doubloons ...
-
-
-# For `register tons'
-register 100 ft3/ton
-registerton register ton
-
-# What's missing?
-# bequerel (nucleotide radioactivity): Bq = k/s k=1??
-# gray (absorbed dose): Gy = k J/kg k=1??
-# sievert (dose equivalent): Sv = k J/kg k=1??
-# curie: Ci = 3.3e10 Bq
-# roentgen: R = 2.58e-4 C/kg
-# rad: rad = centigray
-# rem: rem = centisievert
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