+++ /dev/null
-Automatically Generated Inflection Database (AGID)
-
-January 3, 2003
-Revision 4
-
-Copyright 2000-2003 by Kevin Atkinson <kevina@gnu.org>
-
-The file "infl.txt" is an automatically created database of the
-inflected forms of words from a rather large word list.
-
-The latest version can be found at http://aspell.sourceforge.net/wl/.
-
-Entries are in the following form.
-
-<word><sp><pos>[?]:<sp><inflected forms>
-<word> := [[A-Za-z']]+
-<sp> := <literal space>
-<pos> := [[VNA]]
-<inflected forms> := <inflected form><sp>|<sp>...<sp>|<sp><inflected form>
-<inflected form> := <individual entry>,<sp>...,<sp><individual entry>
-<individual entry> := <word><word tags>[<sp><variant level>][<sp>{<explanation>}]
-<word tags> := [~][<][!][?]
-<explanation> := [<explanation text>][:<distinguishing number>]
-<explanation text> := [[A-Za-z'_/]]+
-
-where stuff between [ ] is optional, stuff between [[ ]] indicate a
-range of possible characters for that entry. If a [[ ]] is followed by
-a + it means the entry can consist of one or more characters in
-that range. { } are literal.
-
-A typical entry will look like
-
-WORD V: WORDed, WORed 2, WORD {EXPL} | WORDing, WORing 2 | WORDs
-
-<pos> is V for verb, N for noun, or A or adjective or adverb.
-If <pos> is followed by a ? that means that the part-of-speech was not
-in the part-of-speech database however the inflected forms of the word
-where found in the word list.
-
-The inflected forms are in the following order for verbs (except for
-a few special verbs):
- <past tense> [<past participle>] <-ing form> <-s form>
-and for adjective or adverbs:
- <-er form> <-est form>
-Each form is seperated by a ' | '.
-
-Special cases:
-be:
- <past 1st & 3d singular> <2d singular, plural, past subjunctive>
- <past participle> <present participle> <present 1st singular>
- <2d singular> <3d singular> <plural present>
-wit:
- <past & past participle> <present participle> <present participle>
- <present 1st & 3d singular> <2d singular> <plural present>
-
-An absence of a variant level implies a variant level of 0. Two words
-with the same whole number variant level are considered almost equal
-with a slight preference given to the entry with a lower number. A
-whole number variant level of 1 indicates a less preferred form of the
-word. A whole number variant level of 2 indicates any number of
-things. It could mean that it is from an archaic use of the word, or
-a variant that is hardly ever used or for an extremely obscure meaning
-of the word, or finally it could mean that the word looked like it
-could possibly be a inflected form of the base word but I could not
-find any evidence for them. If two words have the same variant level
-and explanation it means that both inflections were found and the
-script was not sure which one to use.
-
-Sometimes the inflected form to use depends on the meaning of the
-word. If this is the case the two entries will have different
-explanations. If the distinction can be made in a few words it is
-given with underscores (_) replacing spaces. Otherwise the two
-entries will have different distinguishing numbers.
-
-A < after a word means that there is a good change that this is an
-inflected form of the word, a ~ after a word means that there is a
-slight chance. A ! after a word indicates that the word is likely an
-inflections of a similar word (generally one ending in e) and not the
-current word. A ? after a word means that the word was not in the
-word list but if it was it would be considered an inflected form of
-the base word.
-
-This verson is now almost as accurate as Alan Beale's 2of12id file
-distributed with the "Unofficial Alternate 12 Dicts Package" for the
-base words which have an entry in 2of12id.txt with a few notable
-exceptions. The most obvious one is the "person" entry. Alan Beale
-considers, based on what his sources have told him, that "persons" is
-the proper plural for "person" and "people" is considered a variant.
-I however disagree and decided to consider "people" the primary form
-and "persons" as the sligtly less perfered variant based on my own
-experence and http://www.quinion.com/words/usagenotes/un-person.htm
-which says:
-
- The normal plural of person was persons ... However, there is
- evidence from Chaucer onwards that some writers chose to use people
- as a plural for person, not only in the generalised sense of 'an
- uncountable or indistinct mass of individuals' but also in specific
- countable cases. ... Though persons survives, it does so largely in
- formal or legal contexts ...From the evidence, it seems that the
- trend towards using people instead of persons is accelerating and
- that it may not be so long before persons vanishes from the language
- except in certain set phrases.
-
-I considered making "persons" a variant (level 1), but I decided
-against it as "persons" is for the most part perfectly acceptable and
-probably considered the proper plural to use by some.
-
-I also considered the -people ending the primary form for all words
-ending in -person such as salesperson and the -persons entry the
-slightly less preferred variant in spite of what 2of12id.txt said.
-
-In some cases a variant of level 2 is listed in AGID where it is not
-listed at all in 2of12id. In general this means that the script came
-up with the possibility and, in spite it not being listed in 2of12id,
-it seams logical to me.
-
-The final case occurs when a word has two or more -s inflections used
-as both noun and verb forms, and these forms would have different
-variant levels in 2of12id. For example:
- ditto N: dittos, dittoes 1
- ditto V: dittoed | dittoing | dittos, dittoes 0.1
-For purely technical reasons and because I do not feel that it matters
-too much I have made the variant levels for the -s forms the same. For
-example the ditto entries became:
- ditto N: dittos, dittoes 0.1
- ditto V: dittoed | dittoing | dittos, dittoes 0.1
-The choice of the variant levels I used is somewhat arbitrary but I in
-general went with the lower level.
-
-Fell free to send me corrections to correct any of these questionable
-words. I am mostly interested in the preferred form of the word when
-the script was not able to decide or words marked with < or ~ that are
-valid inflected forms of the words.
-
-Also included in this version are the files "variant_0.lst",
-"variant_1.lst", "variant_2.lst", and "variant.tab". The files
-"variant_#.lst" include all of the inflected forms at the given level
-found in infl.txt which are not generally considered to be some other
-common word. The file variant.tab contains a cross reference of all
-alternate forms of inflected form of words. The file variant-wroot.tab
-is like variant.tab except that it also included the root form of the
-word.
-
-Words are in mixed case but all accents have been striped thus words
-like café are instead cafe.
-
-The file "variant" contains a list of alternate inflections.
-
-The file "irregular" contains extra information where a noun or verb
-has irregular inflected forms.
-
-The file "dontuse" contains a list of words not to consider an
-inflected form of a word if more than one inflected form of a word is
-found.
-
-The files "prefixes" and "suffixes" contains a list of common prefixes
-and suffixes respectfully. These files are used by the script to
-produce inflected forms for words that end in a word in the
-"irregular" file. If the beginning appears in the word list or the
-prefixes file and the ending appears in the irregular file I also
-consider <prefix>+<irregular inflections>. If the prefix is 3 letters
-or more OR appears in the prefixes file and the suffix is 4 letters or
-more OR appears in the suffixes file I consider it the most likely
-choice, otherwise I consider it as a possible candidate but not the
-most likely choice.
-
-The file "make-infl" is the actual Perl script used to create the
-data base.
-
-The file "find-var" is the Perl script used to create the variant
-lists and cross reference file.
-
-The file "make-all" was used to create the word list used by the script.
-
-CHANGES:
-
-From Revision 3a to 4 (January 2, 2003)
-
- Added variant-wroot.tab
- Update find-var script to also produce variant-wroot.tab.
-
-From Revision 3 to 3a (April 04, 2001)
-
- Fixed a bug in the find-var script which caused some common
- words which are variants for one usage of a word but not
- variants for any other common usage to improperly appear in
- the variant list.
-
-From Revision 2 to 3 (January 28, 2001)
-
- Changed the format of infl.txt to something which is slightly harder
- to read but a lot less ambiguous and easier to parse.
-
- Update various files, including the actual script, so that the
- output that is almost as accurate of Alan Beale 2of12id.txt
-
- Eliminated Moby Words and ABLE from the word list used by the script
- to give more accurate results.
-
-From Revision 1 to 2 (August 18, 2000)
-
- Classified variants as either almost equal, also used, or
- secondary.
-
- The / is now used to indicate equal variants. "/?" is now used to
- mean what "/" used to be.
-
- Lots of additional rules added which greatly improved the results.
-
-COPYRIGHT AND SOURCE:
-
-The final product is under the following copyright, as well as any
-copyrights mentioned below.
-
- Copyright 2000-2003 by Kevin Atkinson
-
- Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this database,
- the associated scripts, the output created form the scripts and its
- documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
- provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies and
- that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
- supporting documentation. Kevin Atkinson makes no representations
- about the suitability of this array for any purpose. It is provided
- "as is" without express or implied warranty.
-
-The part-of-speech database is taken from Alan Beale 2of12id
-and the WordNet database which is under the following copyright:
-
- This software and database is being provided to you, the LICENSEE, by
- Princeton University under the following license. By obtaining, using
- and/or copying this software and database, you agree that you have
- read, understood, and will comply with these terms and conditions.:
-
- Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
- database and its documentation for any purpose and without fee or
- royalty is hereby granted, provided that you agree to comply with
- the following copyright notice and statements, including the disclaimer,
- and that the same appear on ALL copies of the software, database and
- documentation, including modifications that you make for internal
- use or for distribution.
-
- WordNet 1.6 Copyright 1997 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
-
- THIS SOFTWARE AND DATABASE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND PRINCETON
- UNIVERSITY MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
- IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PRINCETON
- UNIVERSITY MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-
- ABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE
- OF THE LICENSED SOFTWARE, DATABASE OR DOCUMENTATION WILL NOT
- INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS OR
- OTHER RIGHTS.
-
- The name of Princeton University or Princeton may not be used in
- advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software
- and/or database. Title to copyright in this software, database and
- any associated documentation shall at all times remain with
- Princeton University and LICENSEE agrees to preserve same.
-
-Alan Beale 2of12id.txt is indirectly derived from the Moby part-of-speech
-database and the WordNet database. The Moby part-of-speech is in the
-public domain:
-
- The Moby lexicon project is complete and has
- been place into the public domain. Use, sell,
- rework, excerpt and use in any way on any platform.
-
- Placing this material on internal or public servers is
- also encouraged. The compiler is not aware of any
- export restrictions so freely distribute world-wide.
-
- You can verify the public domain status by contacting
-
- Grady Ward
- 3449 Martha Ct.
- Arcata, CA 95521-4884
-
- grady@netcom.com
- grady@northcoast.com
-
-
-The word list used is a combination of several word list:
-
-1) The ENABLE2K word lists which is in the public domain:
-
- The ENABLE master word list, WORD.LST, is herewith formally
- released into the Public Domain. Anyone is free to use it or
- distribute it in any manner they see fit. No fee or registration
- is required for its use nor are "contributions" solicited (if you
- feel you absolutely must contribute something for your own peace
- of mind, the authors of the ENABLE list ask that you make a
- donation on their behalf to your favorite charity). This word
- list is our gift to the Scrabble community, as an alternate to
- "official" word lists. Game designers may feel free to
- incorporate the WORD.LST into their games. Please mention the
- source and credit us as originators of the list. Note that if
- you, as a game designer, use the WORD.LST in your product, you
- may still copyright and protect your product, but you may *not*
- legally copyright or in any way restrict redistribution of the
- WORD.LST portion of your product. This *may* under law restrict
- your rights to restrict your users' rights, but that is only
- fair.
-
-2) All of the word lists except ABLE.LST in the ENABLE2K Supplemnt
- which consists of:
-
- 2DICTS.LST ALSO.LST LETTERS.LST OSPDADD.LST UCACR.LST
- LCACR.LST NOPOS.LST PLURALS.LST UPPER.LST
-
- All of these word lists are also in the public domain.
-
-3) The list of signature words from the YAWL package which is in the
- public domain.
-
-4) The UK Advanced Cryptics Dictionary which in under the following
- copyright:
-
- Copyright (c) J Ross Beresford 1993-1999. All Rights Reserved.
-
- The following restriction is placed on the use of this
- publication: if The UK Advanced Cryptics Dictionary is used
- in a software package or redistributed in any form, the
- copyright notice must be prominently displayed and the text
- of this document must be included verbatim.
-
- There are no other restrictions: I would like to see the
- list distributed as widely as possible.
-
-5) Some extra words found in the Part-Of-Speech database that was not
- found in any of the above word lists.
-
-6) Words found in the Jargon File Word List package, available at
- http://aspell.sourceforge.net/wl/, which is in the Public Domain.
-
-7) Words in 2of12id.txt not in any of the word lists above. 2of12id is
- indirectly derived from all the above sources and most of the word
- lists from the Moby Words package:
-
- 10196pla.ces 113809of.fic 21986na.mes 256772co.mpo 354984si.ngl
- 3897male.nam 4160offi.cia 4946fema.len 6213acro.nym 74550com.mon
-
- The Moby Word package, like the Part-Of-Speech database is in the
- public domain.
-
-8) And finally some extra words that I added myself. These words can be
- found in the file "extra-words"
-
-The "dontuse", "irregular", and "variant" file was created by me
-(Kevin Atkinson) from numerous sources.
-
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