+++ /dev/null
-Variant Conversion Info (VarCon)
-
-Revision 5.1 (SVN Revision 161)
-
-January 6, 2011
-
-Copyright 2000-2011 by Kevin Atkinson (kevina@gnu.org)
-
-This package contains information to convert between American,
-British, and Canadian spellings and vocabulary as well and other
-variant information.
-
-The latest version can be found at http://wordlist.sourceforge.net/.
-
-The main data file is varcon.txt. It contains information on the
-preferred American, British, and Canadian spelling of a word as well
-as other variant information.
-
-Each line contains a mapping between the various spellings of a word.
-Words are tageed to indicate where the spelling is used, and each
-word/tag pair is separated with a " / ". For example in the line:
- A Cv: acknowledgment / Av B C: acknowledgement
-"acknowledgment" and "acknowledgement" are two spellings of the same
-word and "A", "Cv", "B", etc are the tags. Tags are seperated by
-spaces and the group of tags is seperated from the word with a ": ".
-Here, "acknowledgment" is the preferred American spelling (as
-indicated by the "A") of the word, and "acknowledgement" is the
-preferred Canadian and British spelling ("B" and "C"). However the
-American spelling is sometimes used in Canada (as indicated by "Cv",
-where the lowercase "v" indicated a variant form) and the British
-spelling is sometimes used in America (as indicated the the "Av").
-
-More generally each tag consists of a spelling category (for example
-"A") followed possible by a variant indicator. The spelling
-categories are as follows:
- A: American
- B: British "ise" spelling
- Z: British "ize" spelling or OED prefered Spelling
- C: Canadian
- _: Other (Variant info based on American dictionaries, never used
- with any of the above).
-and the variants tags are as follows:
- .: equal
- v: variant
- V: seldom used variant
- -: possible variant, should generally not used
- x: improper variant (should not use)
-
-The "." or equal variant tags are reserved for special cases when
-there is little agreement between dictionaries or when I think the
-dictionary is wrong. The "v" indicator is used for most words marked
-as variants in the dictionary. However, some variants will be demoted
-to a "V". For example, if the variant is marked as "also" by
-Merriam-Webster, or also if only some dictionaries acknowledge the
-existence the variant. "-" is used when the variant is generally not
-listed is the dictionary but I could find some evidence of it use, or
-when it is it marked as as a archaic spelling for the word. The "x"
-is used when the spelling is almost generally considered a
-misspelling, and is only included for completeness.
-
-If there are no tags with the 'Z' spelling category on the line than
-'B' implies 'Z'. Similarly if there are no 'C' tags than 'Z' implies
-'C'.
-
-For ease of reading and maintaining the data file, each line is
-grouped in a cluster of closely related words. Each cluster is
-uniquely identifed by a headword, which is generally the American
-spelling of word on the first line of the cluster. Each cluster is
-started with a '#' and is followed by the headword with some
-additional information after it. For example the cluster for
-acknowledgment is:
- # acknowledgment <verified> (level 35)
- A Cv: acknowledgment / Av B C: acknowledgement
- A Cv: acknowledgments / Av B C: acknowledgements
- A Cv: acknowledgment's / Av B C: acknowledgement's
-The "<verified>" tag will be explained latter, and "(level 35)"
-indictated what level in SCOWL (see http://wordlist.sourceforge.net)
-the headword is found in. The levels generaly mean the following:
- <= 35: Very common word
- <= 70: Can be found in the dictionary
- 80: Likely a valid word, can likely be found in an
- unabridged dictionary
- > 80: May not even be a legal word
-
-Sometimes the spelling of a word depends on the usage. If so the word
-is listed more than once within a cluster, with any usage information
-being indicated after a " | ". For example here is part of the cluser
-for prize:
- A B: prize | reward
- A B: prizes | reward
- A C: prize / B: prise | otherwise
- A C: prizes / B: prises | otherwise
-which indicated than the preferred spelling of prize is always with a
-"z" when meaning a reward, but otherwise is spelled with a "s" is
-British English. In the example above a brief definition of the word
-is given, but often no such attempt is made, and the definition simply
-consists of a number, for example:
- A B: sake | :1
- A C: sake / Av B Cv: saki | :2
-
-Sometimes part-of-speach (POS) info is given to help distinguish which
-form is used. For example:
- A B C: practice / AV Cv: practise | <N>
- A Cv: practice / AV B C: practise | <V>
-POS info is always given given in the form "<POS>" and if a definition
-is also given the the POS info is always first. The POS tags used are as
-follows:
- <N>: Noun
- <V>: Verb
- <Adj>: Adjective
- <Adv>: Adverb
-
-A "(-)" before the definition indicated a rarly used or archaic form
-of a word, for example:
- A B: bark | :1
- A: bark / Av B: barque | (-) ship
-
-A "--" indicates a note rather than definition. This is generally
-used to indicate that the spelling of the plural form not depend on
-the spelling of the root word, for example:
- _: cabby / _.: cabbie
- _: cabbies | -- plural
-
-Misc. notes on a particular form of a word are given after a "#" on
-the same line. Misc. notes for the cluster are given at the end of
-the cluster and are prefixed with "##", for example:
- # coloration <verified> (level 50)
- A B C: coloration / B. Cv: colouration
- A B C: colorations / B. Cv: colourations
- A B C: coloration's / B. Cv: colouration's
- ## OED has coloration as the prefered spelling and discolouration as a
- ## variant for British Engl or some reason
-In the notes ODE (not to be confused with OED) stands for Oxford
-Dictionary of English, "Ox" is used for any Oxford dictionary, and
-"M-W" for Merriam-Webster.
-
-Earlier versions of varcon contained numerous errors. With version
-5.0 massive effort has been made to correct many of these errors.
-Clusters that have undergone some form of verification (and likely
-correction) are marked with "<verified>". As of version 5.0, most
-clusters with headwords word in common usage (SCOWL level 35 and
-below) should now be checked, as well as many others. No effort was
-made to check clusters with headwords in SCOWL level 80 and above;
-many of those entries are unlikely to be in the dictionary anyway.
-
-The file variant-also.tab contains additional mappings between various
-spellings of a word which are not yet in varcon.txt. No attempt is
-made to distinguish the primary form of a word. The file
-variant-infl.tab is like variant-also.tab except that it is created
-automatically from the AGID inflection database. The file
-variant-wroot.tab is like variant-infl.tab except that it also
-included the root form of the word.
-
-The file voc.tab is similar to varcon.txt but converts between
-vocabulary instead of spelling. Unlike varcon.tab it is a simple tab
-seperated file with the fields correspoding to the American, British,
-and Canadian words. If more than one word if often used to describe
-the same thing the words are separated with commas. The last column
-contains additional notes on when the word is used. Unlike varcon.txt
-it is generally not suitable for automatic conversion.
-
-The "make-variant" Perl script will combine varcon.txt,
-variant-also.tab, and variant-infl.tab into one huge mapping and will
-output the result to "variant.tab". If the "no-infl" option is given
-than variant-infl.tab will not be included.
-
-The "split" script will split out the information in varcon.txt into
-several word lists named as follows:
- <spelling>[-v<variant level>][-uncommon].lst
-where <spelling> is one of: american, british, british_z, canadian,
-common, or other. "common" is used for words which appear in
-varcon.txt, yet are used in all versions of english, such as "prize",
-and "other" is used for the "_" spelling category. The mapping from
-the variant indicators in varcon.txt to the numberic variant level is
-as follows:
- v => 0
- V => 1
- - => 2
-"-uncommon" is used for forms marked with "(-)" as already described.
-
-The "translate" Perl script will translate a text file from one
-spelling to another. Its usage is:
-
-translate <options> [<translation array>] <from> <to>
-<options> is any of
- -?,-h,--help this screen
- -m,--mark mark words where the translation is questionable
- -i,--include include words where the translation is questionable
-<translation array> is the file name of the translation array,
- defaults to "abbc.tab".
-<from> and <to> are one of: american, british, british_z, or canadian.
-british-ise and british-ize can also be used.
-
-Text is read in from standard input and is outputted to standard out.
-Words are marked with a '?' before and after the questionable word
-when the option is enabled.
-
-The file varcon.pm contains some library routines for parsing
-varcon.txt and is used by many of the scripts above.
-
-If you discover any errors in these mappings or have suggestions for
-additions please file a bug report, which you can find instructions
-for at http://wordlist.sourceforge.net/, or alternativly email me
-directly at kevina@gnu.org, but I will likely tell you to file a bug
-report so that I don't forget about it.
-
-SOURCE:
-
-These mappings were compiled from numerous sources.
-
-The abc.tab was originally created from the American and British word
-lists found in the Ispell distribution and the Canadian word list
-created by Garst R. Reese <reese@isn.net>:
-
- What I have discovered is that Canadian is a modification of British.
- Canadians use ize ization, izing izable like Americans, and gram instead
- of gramme. The one exception I found was practise. It does not go to
- practize. Otherwise they use British spelling. So, what I am currently
- checking books with is a an edited version of British, where I have
- changed all occurrences of ise to ize, isab to izab, isation to ization,
- ising to izing, and gramme to gram except I allow programme, which is
- sometimes proper unless you are talking about a computer program. I did
- bunches of greps to be sure these substitutions would work as expected.
-
-Many other words have been added to abc.tab which were not in the
-original Ispell word lists.
-
-Many different web sources were consuled when crating the tables. They
-include:
-
- The American-British British-American Dictionary
- http://www.peak.org/~jeremy/dictionary/dictionary.html
- American and British Spelling Differences
- http://www.peak.org/~jeremy/dictionary/spellcat.html
- Dave (VE7CNV)'s Truly Canadian Dictionary of Canadian Spelling
- http://www.luther.bc.ca/~dave7cnv/cdnspelling/cdnspelling.html
- Canadian Spelling Convention
- http://imej.wfu.edu/articles/1999/1/02/demo/tutorial/canas.html
- Cornerstone's Canadian English Page
- http://www.web.net/cornerstone/cdneng.htm
- Inter-Play Translation: British/Canadian/American Spelling
- http://www.inter-play.com/translation/spel-ukus.htm
- Inter-Play Translation: British/Canadian/American Vocabulary
- http://www.inter-play.com/translation/voc-ukus.htm
-
-As well as several online dicionaries:
-
- Marriam-Webster: http://www.m-w.com/
- American Heritage: http://www.bartleby.com/61/
- Cambridge (ESL): http://dictionary.cambridge.org/
-
-In version 5.0 a massive effort to correct the numerous errors in
-VarCon was done. The primary sources used for verification where:
-
- Marriam-Webster: http://www.m-w.com/
- Free version of Oxford Dictionaries Online:
- http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/
- Oxford dictionaries available via Oxford Reference Online
- (subscription service, http://www.oxfordreference.com/):
- The New Oxford American Dictionary (2nd edition, 2006)
- and sometimes: The Oxford American Dictionary of Current English (2002)
- The Concise Oxford English Dictionary (11th edition revised, 2008)
- and sometimes: The Oxford Dictionary of English (2nd edition revised, 2005)
- The Canadian Oxford Dictionary (2004)
-
-I also used Tysto UK vs US spelling list available at:
- http://www.tysto.com/articles05/q1/20050324uk-us.shtml
-to make sure I didn't leave out any information in VarCon, however any
-additions from his lists where verified using the dictionaries
-mentioned above as his lists contained numerous errors (such as
-including archaic spellings of words)
-
-I also made indirect use of Luke's Canadian, British and American
-Spelling page available at:
- http://www.lukemastin.com/testing/spelling/cgi-bin/database.cgi?database=spelling
-but only to perform some initial verification, in the end I rechecked
-his data using the dictionaries above. (However, his data is, by far,
-more accurate than Tysto's)
-
-CHANGELOG:
-
-From Revision 5.0 to Revision 5.1 (January 6, 2010)
-
- - Corrected numerous errors after running various forms
- of verification on varcon.txt.
-
- - Reordered the clusters in varcon.txt so that they are
- mostly in alphabetic order based on the headword.
-
-From Revision 4.1 to Revision 5.0 (December 27, 2010)
-
- - Completely new format for the main table which, in addition to
- providing the preferred spelling of a word for various forms of
- English, also records variant and other information. To reflect
- this change, the name of the file was renamed from abbc.tab to
- varcon.txt.
-
- - Massive effort to verify the variant information against
- authoritative sources (mainly Oxford dictionaries). Most entries
- for common words (SCOWL level 35 and below) have been checked
- against at least a British and Canadian dictionary.
-
- - Added variant information for numerous other words, even when
- there is no difference between the various forms on English.
-
- - Other changes corresponding to the new format.
-
-From Revision 4 to Revision 4.1 (August 10, 2004)
-
- - Fixed various errors in abbc.tab
-
- - Removed clause 4 from the Ispell copyright with permission of Geoff
- Kuenning.
-
-From Revision 3 to Revision 4 (August 7, 2004)
-
- - Added a column to "abc.tab" for the British "ize" spelling and
- renamed the file to abbc.tab.
- - Added verb forms of prize/prise to abbc.tab, removed from
- variant-also.tab
-
-From Revision 2 to Revision 3 (January 2, 2003)
-
- - Added an option for not including variant-infl.tab for the
- make-variant perl script
- - Added the file variant-wroot.tab
- - Added a few entries given to me by Francis Bond and Edward Betts
-
-From Revision 1 to Revision 2 (January 27, 2001)
-
- - Removed all "B" markers because I could not find any evidence for
- them
- - Corrected a few Canadian entries, especially those with the "B"
- markers
- - Added some more entries by trying fixed changes (such as ize to
- ise) to words in SCOWL and hand-checking over the ones with semi-common
- words in them.
- - Added variant-infl.tab
-
-COPYRIGHT:
-
-Copyright 2000-2010 by Kevin Atkinson
-
-Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this array, the
-associated software, and its documentation for any purpose is hereby
-granted without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appears
-in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
-notice appear in supporting documentation. Kevin Atkinson makes no
-representations about the suitability of this array for any
-purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
-
-Since the original words lists come from the Ispell distribution:
-
-Copyright 1993, Geoff Kuenning, Granada Hills, CA
-All rights reserved.
-
-Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-are met:
-
-1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-3. All modifications to the source code must be clearly marked as
- such. Binary redistributions based on modified source code
- must be clearly marked as modified versions in the documentation
- and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-(clause 4 removed with permission from Geoff Kuenning)
-5. The name of Geoff Kuenning may not be used to endorse or promote
- products derived from this software without specific prior
- written permission.
-
-THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY GEOFF KUENNING AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL GEOFF KUENNING OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-SUCH DAMAGE.
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