+++ /dev/null
- ENABLE vs. DOOM\r
-ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ\r
-\r
-[Note: This file was included in the first edition of ENABLE, and is\r
-mostly unchanged in ENABLE2K. In a few cases, where ENABLE2K differs\r
-from its predecessor, the differences are noted in brackets.]\r
-\r
-The NSA updated "Tournament Word List" (TWL98) is to be the official\r
-reference for tournament and club Scrabble (r) play. The operators of the\r
-DOOM Scrabble server originally compiled this list, and it has undergone\r
-an update by an official "Dictionary Committee". Unfortunately, this\r
-TWL98 list remains proprietary and it is, despite promises to the\r
-contrary, available only to a small group of insiders. Our aim in\r
-distributing the Public Domain ENABLE list is to provide a very necessary\r
-resource and reference to the rest of the Scrabble community.\r
-\r
-In spring of 1997, Mendel was approached by an individual known to us only\r
-as Deep Glottides, offering him a number of arcane items of dubious value,\r
-including shards of the True Cross, an edition of the Necronomicon in the\r
-original Arabic, an exotic ebony statuette of a Mediterranean bird of prey,\r
-and an absolutely amazing way to MAKE MONEY FAST! While he found these items\r
-uninteresting, Mendel did accept the offer of a list of corrections to the\r
-then-current draft of the ENABLE list, supposedly derived from the contents\r
-of the DOOM list. Of course, we have no way of verifying the bona fides of\r
-these corrections; the hypothesis that they are instead code words used by\r
-the black helicopter division of the Insect Trust delegates from the Crab\r
-Nebula cannot be ruled out. However, using highly advanced UNIX (tm)\r
-software, we were able to reconstruct the list on which they were based.\r
-This list proved to be a highly accurate approximation to the union of\r
-OSPD (r) and MW10, and we consider it very likely that it is in fact a\r
-faithful copy of the DOOM list current at that time. This file lists the\r
-differences between that list and the ENABLE list (not including signature\r
-words).\r
-\r
-The differences between the DOOM list and ENABLE fall into four categories:\r
-\r
-I. MW10 changes\r
-\r
-These words were added or removed solely on the basis of their presence or\r
-absence in MW10. None of the listings is in any way ambiguous or suggestive\r
-of an error in MW10. The word "coresidenttial" was not added, since it is\r
-clearly a typographical error.\r
-\r
-DOOM words removed from ENABLE (MW10)\r
-\r
-fricandeaux (*)\r
-kafkaesque\r
-\r
-(*) "fricandeaux" has been added to the ENABLE list as a signature word.\r
-It is accepted by other dictionaries.\r
-\r
-non-DOOM words added to ENABLE (MW10)\r
-\r
-edutainment\r
-edutainments\r
-homeschool\r
-homeschooled\r
-homeschooler\r
-homeschoolers\r
-homeschooling\r
-homeschools\r
-hypoglycemics\r
-maquiladora\r
-maquiladoras\r
-mediterranean\r
-philharmonic\r
-philharmonics\r
-upgradabilities\r
-upgradability\r
-upgradable\r
-upgradeability\r
-upgradeable\r
-victimologies\r
-victimologist\r
-victimologists\r
-victimology\r
-\r
-\r
-II. TWL98 words\r
-\r
-The status of these words was changed by TWL98. We anticipate these changes\r
-will be reflected in the DOOM list, and possibly already are. Note that some\r
-published TWL98 changes are not listed here, because these changes were\r
-already reflected in the DOOM list as of Spring 1997 (e.g., the false word\r
-"nonfinites" could not be removed because it was not present). Also, one\r
-version of the TWL98 changes mandated the removal of the word "suboptimum",\r
-which we ignored since the word is clearly present in MW10, and this change\r
-was not confirmed by other accounts of TWL98.\r
-\r
-DOOM words removed from ENABLE (TWL98)\r
-\r
-alkalosises\r
-anopheleses\r
-antiradars\r
-antishocks\r
-antismokes\r
-antisolars\r
-antitumors\r
-antiwomen\r
-arterites\r
-arteritises\r
-beachwears\r
-cacoetheses\r
-cafetoria\r
-chlorosises\r
-cocksfeet\r
-da\r
-dei\r
-des\r
-enterites\r
-fluorosises\r
-footwears\r
-franglaises\r
-gastrites\r
-gastritises\r
-glossites\r
-glossitides\r
-halitosises\r
-hanguls\r
-heterosises\r
-hybridomata\r
-impatienses\r
-interflowed\r
-interflowing\r
-interflows\r
-interfolded (*)\r
-interfolding (*)\r
-interfolds (*)\r
-interzones\r
-kev\r
-knitwears\r
-laminites\r
-laminitides\r
-lezes\r
-licenti\r
-literatuses\r
-lycopodia\r
-menswears\r
-multilanes\r
-multipaths\r
-multipoles\r
-neckwears\r
-nephrosises\r
-nightlives\r
-nonanimals\r
-nonbuyings\r
-noncakings\r
-noncareers\r
-nonchurches\r
-noncounties\r
-nondeserts\r
-nonedibles\r
-nonenergies\r
-nonexempts\r
-nonfossils\r
-nonghettos\r
-nongrowths\r
-nonimpacts\r
-noninjuries\r
-nonkoshers\r
-nonleagues\r
-nonlivings\r
-nonmarkets\r
-nonrubbers\r
-nonrulings\r
-nonsexuals\r
-nonspeeches\r
-nontariffs\r
-outerwears\r
-overwearied\r
-overwearies\r
-overwearying\r
-parotites\r
-parotitides\r
-phlebites\r
-phlebitises\r
-playwears\r
-postfaults\r
-predinners\r
-preflights\r
-premarketed\r
-premarketing (*)\r
-premarkets\r
-prereturned\r
-prereturning\r
-prereturns\r
-prereviewed\r
-prereviewing\r
-prereviews\r
-preseasons (*)\r
-prestricken\r
-prestrikes\r
-prestriking\r
-prestruck\r
-presummits\r
-pretraveled\r
-pretraveling\r
-pretravelled\r
-pretravelling\r
-pretravels\r
-proptosises\r
-rainwears\r
-reticulums\r
-retinitises\r
-sauterneses\r
-sclerosises\r
-silicosises\r
-sinusites\r
-sinusitides\r
-skiwears\r
-sleepwears\r
-straphanged\r
-strid\r
-suboptima\r
-subvisuals\r
-superriches\r
-supersizes\r
-swimwears\r
-synovites\r
-synovitides\r
-teniasises\r
-testatrixes\r
-townwears\r
-trapeziums\r
-ultralefts\r
-ultrariches\r
-underwears\r
-utriculuses\r
-vaginites\r
-vaginitides\r
-vin\r
-vins\r
-von\r
-womenkinds\r
-zamindaries\r
-zemindaris\r
-\r
-(*) These words are present in the ENABLE list as signature words.\r
-Despite their rejection by TWL98, they appear to us to be reasonably valid.\r
-Note that "premarketing" is actually listed in MW10.\r
-\r
-[ENABLE2K lists "premarketing" as a base word, not a signature word, as\r
-it has become clear that the statement that TWL98 removed it was simply\r
-an error. ENABLE2K also lists "vaginitides", based on its appearance\r
-in the Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary.]\r
-\r
-non-DOOM words added to ENABLE (TWL98)\r
-\r
-acervulus\r
-aerobrake\r
-aerobraked\r
-aerobrakes\r
-aerobraking\r
-anthelion\r
-anthelions\r
-anthodium\r
-antimycin\r
-antimycins\r
-backdropt\r
-backstab\r
-backstabbed\r
-backstabs\r
-bassett\r
-bassetts\r
-bedsit\r
-bedsits\r
-booklouse\r
-bronchium\r
-caldarium\r
-calyculus\r
-chalazion\r
-chalazions\r
-chemo\r
-chemos\r
-cocaptained\r
-cocaptaining\r
-cocksfoots\r
-cocounseled\r
-cocounseling\r
-cocounselled\r
-cocounselling\r
-cocultured\r
-coculturing\r
-cofeatured\r
-cofeaturing\r
-cohostessed\r
-cohostessing\r
-copartnered\r
-copartnering\r
-copresented\r
-copresenting\r
-copresents\r
-credendum\r
-ctenidium\r
-cubiculum\r
-declaw\r
-declawed\r
-declawing\r
-declaws\r
-epicedium\r
-esthetics\r
-ferretings\r
-finalise\r
-finalised\r
-finalises\r
-finalising\r
-flabellum\r
-gallamine\r
-gallamines\r
-gammadion\r
-gelsemium\r
-gelsemiums\r
-gynaeceum\r
-gynaecium\r
-hospitium\r
-ignorami\r
-iller\r
-illest\r
-imaginaries\r
-latte\r
-lattes\r
-lepidotes\r
-lezzes\r
-louvred\r
-lycopodiums\r
-macadamia\r
-macadamias\r
-maglevs\r
-malleolus\r
-mazaedium\r
-microbrew\r
-microbrews\r
-misstricken\r
-misstriking\r
-misstruck\r
-nightlifes\r
-nonmutants (*)\r
-oasthouse\r
-oasthouses\r
-overcleaned (*)\r
-overcleaning (*)\r
-overcleans (*)\r
-overdried (*)\r
-overdries (*)\r
-overdriven (*)\r
-overdriving (*)\r
-overdrove (*)\r
-overdrying (*)\r
-overlighted\r
-petrale\r
-petrales\r
-phelonion\r
-phelonions\r
-photostatted\r
-photostatting\r
-pineals\r
-platyfish\r
-platyfishes\r
-pocketsful\r
-ponderosa\r
-ponderosas\r
-premixt\r
-preshrunken\r
-pterygium\r
-pterygiums\r
-pyrolize\r
-pyrolized\r
-pyrolizes\r
-pyrolizing\r
-redtail\r
-redtails\r
-retiarius\r
-rhytons\r
-samaritans\r
-sarmentum\r
-scintillae\r
-septarium\r
-sevruga\r
-sevrugas\r
-sextarius\r
-silkies\r
-slaphappier\r
-slaphappiest\r
-sleepover\r
-sleepovers\r
-smoothes\r
-spaetzles\r
-sporozoon\r
-starfruit\r
-starfruits\r
-superfirms\r
-superhyped\r
-superhyping\r
-supermini\r
-superminis\r
-sympodium\r
-technicals\r
-teniases\r
-trapezii\r
-treenware\r
-treenwares\r
-tricyclics\r
-trihedron\r
-trihedrons\r
-trochilus\r
-trochlears\r
-unguentum\r
-unhealthier\r
-unhealthiest\r
-unsell\r
-unselling\r
-unsells\r
-unsightlier\r
-unsightliest\r
-vestigium\r
-voguer\r
-voguers\r
-whinging\r
-yellowfin\r
-yellowfins\r
-\r
-(*) Accounts of the TWL98 changes varied concerning these words. They were\r
-described as both added and removed. Since they were not present as of\r
-Spring 1997, and since they all seemed to be perfectly valid inflections, we\r
-added them to the ENABLE list.\r
-\r
-[In ENABLE2K, the words "bassett" and "bassetts" were dropped; their\r
-inclusion was based on an error in MW10 which has now been corrected.\r
-Similarly, the words "starfruit" and "starfruits" have been removed from\r
-the latest edition of MW10, and should be removed from the main ENABLE\r
-word list the next time it is revised.]\r
-\r
-\r
-III. "also called" words\r
-\r
-These words are words shown in italics in MW10 entries for other words.\r
-TWL98 legitimizes these words, even though it only catalogued those shorter\r
-than 10 letters.\r
-\r
-non-DOOM words added to ENABLE (also called)\r
-\r
-buffalofish\r
-buffalofishes\r
-colorpoint\r
-colorpoints\r
-cyclicalities\r
-cyclicality\r
-diamondbacks\r
-dolphinfish\r
-dolphinfishes\r
-ellipticals\r
-exponentials\r
-greaseproofs\r
-handyperson\r
-handypersons\r
-hypoglossals\r
-incandescents\r
-largemouth\r
-largemouths\r
-maidenhair\r
-maidenhairs\r
-parainfluenza\r
-parainfluenzas\r
-photomultiplier\r
-reflectivities\r
-reflectivity\r
-scissortail\r
-scissortails\r
-smallmouth\r
-smallmouths\r
-streetlamp\r
-streetlamps\r
-trigeminals\r
-tsutsugamushi\r
-\r
-[In ENABLE2K, the implied plural of "tsutsugamushi", "tsutsugamushis",\r
-was also added.]\r
-\r
-\r
-IV. Interpretations\r
-\r
-One of the dirty secrets of Scrabble (tm) is that the official source for\r
-resolution of word validity, MW10, is incapable of resolving all such\r
-questions. The primary reason for this is the MW10 practice of including\r
-lists of words starting with a particular prefix, such as anti- or non-,\r
-without providing part of speech information. This makes it impossible to\r
-decide, on the basis of MW10 alone, whether "antitakeovers", for example, is\r
-a valid word or not.\r
-\r
-To resolve such questions, it is necessary to go to other sources, such as\r
-the Hasbro Scrabble (tm) CD-ROM and other dictionaries, and then to use good\r
-judgment and "word sense" to decide. (The Random House Unabridged dictionary\r
-proved especially helpful here, since it provides similar word lists having\r
-a large intersection with the MW10 lists, and also provides part of speech\r
-information.) In many cases, our judgment on these questions disagreed with\r
-that of the compilers of the DOOM list. Can we claim that our judgments were\r
-always correct? Well, of course we can. That's called "marketing"! More\r
-realistically, we claim we have considered each putative word on its merits,\r
-and have always tried to make a careful and thoughtful decision. At the very\r
-least, we hope we have avoided absurdities such as the abominable\r
-"nonpolices" and "ultrariches" (words rightly rejected by TWL98, but\r
-accepted by the Hasbro CD-ROM and, in the case of "ultrariches", by the DOOM\r
-list as well).\r
-\r
-For each word listed below, we explain our rationale for accepting or\r
-rejecting the word. Note that no words are listed where we reached the same\r
-conclusions as the DOOM list, but be assured that these words were examined\r
-as carefully as those where there was disagreement.\r
-\r
-\r
-DOOM words removed from ENABLE (interpretations)\r
-\r
-antitakeovers\r
- An obvious nonsense word, despite acceptance by Hasbro CD and RH\r
- Unabridged.\r
-beautifuler\r
- Not listed in MW10, accepted by the Hasbro CD. This word\r
- proved very controversial. MW10, in its introduction, does not\r
- claim to list all -er and -est forms, only those whose spelling\r
- might be in doubt. So its absence from MW10 does not, in itself,\r
- prove it invalid. But I claim the following: (a) No dictionary\r
- that I have been able to check lists this form, and (b) if a\r
- single-word comparative form of beautiful exists, it would be\r
- "beautifuller". (If one looks at the -ful words in OSPD for\r
- which a comparative form is listed, one finds they all double\r
- the "l".) Finally, I note that neither the DOOM list nor the\r
- Hasbro CD lists the putative superlative "beautifulest". (While\r
- English has the occasional word with a superlative but no comparative,\r
- I'm unaware of any examples of the opposite sort.) Mendel feels\r
- that there is a tradition of accepting this word, and recalls\r
- having seen arguments for it, though he cannot reconstruct them.\r
- Accordingly, "beautifuler" (and the implied "beautifulest") have\r
- been added to ENABLE as signature words despite the impossibility\r
- of justifying them on the basis of MW10.\r
- [During the research for the second edition of the ENABLE2K\r
- Supplement, two additional facts about "beautifuler" turned up.\r
- First the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary (NI3) lists it, as\r
- well as the corresponding superlative; this is doubtless the original\r
- justification for including the word in the DOOM list. Additionally,\r
- the fourth edition of the American Heritage dictionary notes its\r
- existence as "obsolete" and, interestingly enough, spells it with a\r
- double "l".]\r
-\r
-endocardites\r
- Rejected based on OSPD's listing of "carditises" as the only\r
- plural of "carditis". Since "carditis" is not listed by MW10,\r
- the OSPD listing seems to be the best information available on\r
- pluralization of words with this root.\r
-endocarditides\r
- See "endocardites". [ENABLE2K allows "carditides", a plural listed\r
- by the MW Medical Dictionary. MW Medical does not, however, list\r
- "endocarditides", so this word remains removed.]\r
-enterocolites\r
- Rejected based on OSPD's listing of "colitises" as the only\r
- plural of "colitis". Plurals such as this one present a difficult\r
- problem. Based on MW10 alone, one would admit this plural, since\r
- OSPD gives no explicit pluralization, and the general -itis entry\r
- allows -ites and -itides as well as -itises. However, OSPD shows\r
- only the plural "colitises" for "colitis". OSPD was compiled by\r
- Merriam-Webster, and presumably would have included "colites" and\r
- "colitides" if they were legitimate. Therefore, we have decided\r
- to follow the lead of OSPD in such cases.\r
-enterocolitides\r
- See "enterocolites".\r
-gastroenterites\r
- Rejected based on TWL98's removal of the root form "enterites".\r
-heterozyogises\r
- Rejected based on OSPD's listing of "zygoses" as the only plural\r
- of "zygosis". See "enterocolites".\r
-homozygosises\r
- See "enterocolites".\r
-hyperhidrosises\r
- See "enterocolites". OSPD shows only the plural "hidroses" for\r
- "hidrosis".\r
-loungewears\r
- Rejected due to TWL98's condemnation of all -wears plurals.\r
-lymphadenites\r
- See "enterocolites". OSPD shows only the plural "adenitises" for\r
- "adenitis".\r
-lymphadenitides\r
- See "enterocolites".\r
-myelofibrosises\r
- See "enterocolites". OSPD shows only the plural "fibroses" for\r
- "fibrosis".\r
-myocardites\r
- See "endocardites".\r
-myocarditides\r
- See "endocardites".\r
-nonghettoes\r
- TWL98 removes "nonghettos" on the grounds that "nonghetto" is not\r
- a noun. So "nonghettoes" has to go too.\r
-otosclerosises\r
- Rejected due to TWL98's rejection of the root form "sclerosises"\r
-pericardites\r
- When OSPD and MW10 appeared to be in conflict about the plurals of\r
- diseases (see "endocardites"), other sources were consulted. Actually,\r
- very few sources *could* be consulted, since virtually no one other\r
- than a few crazed Scrabble (tm) players believes that diseases even have\r
- plurals. However, the Merriam-Webster Unabridged does accept them.\r
- Though it was not helpful for any other of the troublesome disease\r
- words, MW Unabridged does show "pericarditides" as the only plural of\r
- "pericarditis". Since this was an explicit entry, we decided it\r
- overrode the implications of both MW10 and OSPD, and accordingly\r
- included only "pericarditides" in ENABLE.\r
-pericarditises\r
- See "pericardites".\r
-saccharomyceses\r
- Supposedly the plural of "saccharomyces". MW10 defines two other\r
- -myces words, both of which have plurals identical to the singular\r
- form. Also, American Heritage shows "saccharomyces" as unchanged\r
- in the plural. Accordingly, we made a judgment call that this\r
- unnatural-looking plural is an error, and removed it from the\r
- ENABLE list.\r
-scaramouchs\r
- Rejected as an obvious offense to the English language, since the\r
- "ch" in scarmouch is a soft ch, not a hard one as in "oligarch".\r
-schmaltzier\r
- Not listed by MW10, but accepted by the other major American\r
- dictionaries. Added to ENABLE as signature word.\r
-schmaltziest\r
- See "schmaltzier".\r
-sportswears\r
- Rejected due to TWL98's condemnation of all -wears plurals.\r
-tenosynovites\r
- Rejected based on TWL98's rejection of the root form "synovites".\r
-tenosynovitides\r
- See "tenosynovites".\r
-ultrarights\r
- Accepted by the Hasbro CD, but removed from ENABLE by analogy with\r
- "ultralefts", which is rejected by TWL98.\r
-vulvovaginites\r
- Rejected based on TWL98's rejection of the root form "vaginites".\r
-\r
-\r
-non-DOOM words added to ENABLE (interpretations)\r
-\r
-antefixae\r
- This word is given explicitly as a plural of "antefix" by MW10.\r
- OSPD and MW Unabridged reject this plural, and give "antefixa"\r
- in its place (as does American Heritage). This may be evidence\r
- that "antefixae" is erroneous. Nevertheless, not having the\r
- resources or experience to second-guess Merriam-Webster on this\r
- point, we decided to take MW10 at face value, and added "antefixae"\r
- to the ENABLE list. [The Encarta(r) dictionary confirms "antefixae"\r
- as a valid plural of "antefix". However, as a plural not listed in\r
- OSPD, we treat "antefixae" as a new MW10 word, rather than as an\r
- OSPD word.]\r
-anticolonials\r
- Accepted by RH Unabridged, rejected by the Hasbro CD. Judgment\r
- call.\r
-antisubversives\r
- Judgment call.\r
-begirting\r
- This word is given explicitly as the present participle of "begird"\r
- by MW10. OSPD and MW Unabridged (and American Heritage) instead\r
- give a more regular "begirding". Again, possibly an error in MW10.\r
- Not being expert in the conjugation of archaic verbs, once more we\r
- have put our trust in the scolarship of MW10 and accepted "begirting".\r
- [The 1999 edition of MW10 removes "begirting". Accordingly, we have\r
- removed it from ENABLE2K.]\r
-chlorenchymata\r
- A plural of "chlorenchyma", by virtue of the MW10 -enchyma entry.\r
-interboroughs\r
- Accepted by both RH Unabridged and the Hasbro CD.\r
-interurbans\r
- Accepted by both RH Unabridged and the Hasbro CD.\r
-interworkings\r
- Accepted by the Hasbro CD.\r
-interwrought\r
- Past tense of "interwork", accepted by RH Unabridged, rejected\r
- by the Hasbro CD. Accepted as clearly implied by MW10.\r
-nonalcoholics\r
- Accepted by both RH Unabridged and the Hasbro CD.\r
-nonchemicals\r
- Accepted by both RH Unabridged and the Hasbro CD.\r
-noncomplyings\r
- Accepted by both RH Unabridged and the Hasbro CD.\r
-noncompounds\r
- Accepted by the Hasbro CD.\r
-nondiabetics\r
- Accepted by the Hasbro CD.\r
-nonperishables\r
- Accepted by both RH Unabridged and the Hasbro CD.\r
-overlighting\r
- TWL98 adds "overlighted", implying that "overlighting" is also valid.\r
- Also, the OSPD entry for "overlit" implies the existence of the verb\r
- "overlight".\r
-parenchymata\r
- A plural of "parenchyma", by virtue of the MW10 -enchyma entry.\r
-precomputers\r
- Accepted by the Hasbro CD.\r
-predischarged\r
- Accepted by RH Unabridged, rejected by the Hasbro CD. Judgment call.\r
-predischarging\r
- See "predischarged".\r
-presentencings\r
- Accepted by the Hasbro CD.\r
-ultraheated\r
- Accepted by the Hasbro CD.\r
-ultraheating\r
- See "ultraheated".\r
-ultraheats\r
- See "ultraheated".\r
-ultraradicals\r
- Accepted by both RH Unabridged and the Hasbro CD.\r
-\r
-\r
----\r
-Scrabble is a trademark of the Milton Bradley Co., Inc.\r
-The OSPD is a trademark of the Milton Bradley Co., Inc.\r
-Encarta is a trademark of the Microsoft Corp.\r
-UNIX is a trademark of AT & T.\r
-\r
-\r
-\r
-\r
----Alan Beale\r
projects / deb_pkgs / scowl.git / blobdiff