1 // ***************************************************************************
2 // bamtools_convert.cpp (c) 2010 Derek Barnett, Erik Garrison
3 // Marth Lab, Department of Biology, Boston College
4 // All rights reserved.
5 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 // Last modified: 23 September 2010
7 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 // Converts between BAM and a number of other formats
9 // ***************************************************************************
16 #include "bamtools_convert.h"
17 #include "bamtools_fasta.h"
18 #include "bamtools_options.h"
19 #include "bamtools_pileup_engine.h"
20 #include "bamtools_utilities.h"
22 #include "BamMultiReader.h"
24 using namespace BamTools;
28 // ---------------------------------------------
29 // ConvertTool constants
31 // supported conversion format command-line names
32 static const string FORMAT_BED = "bed";
33 static const string FORMAT_BEDGRAPH = "bedgraph";
34 static const string FORMAT_FASTA = "fasta";
35 static const string FORMAT_FASTQ = "fastq";
36 static const string FORMAT_JSON = "json";
37 static const string FORMAT_SAM = "sam";
38 static const string FORMAT_PILEUP = "pileup";
39 static const string FORMAT_WIGGLE = "wig";
42 static const unsigned int FASTA_LINE_MAX = 50;
44 // ---------------------------------------------
45 // ConvertPileupFormatVisitor declaration
47 class ConvertPileupFormatVisitor : public PileupVisitor {
51 ConvertPileupFormatVisitor(const RefVector& references,
52 const string& fastaFilename,
53 const bool isPrintingMapQualities,
55 ~ConvertPileupFormatVisitor(void);
57 // PileupVisitor interface implementation
59 void Visit(const PileupPosition& pileupData);
65 bool m_isPrintingMapQualities;
67 RefVector m_references;
70 } // namespace BamTools
72 // ---------------------------------------------
73 // ConvertSettings implementation
75 struct ConvertTool::ConvertSettings {
84 bool HasFastaFilename;
85 bool IsOmittingSamHeader;
86 bool IsPrintingPileupMapQualities;
89 vector<string> InputFiles;
90 string OutputFilename;
103 , HasFastaFilename(false)
104 , IsOmittingSamHeader(false)
105 , IsPrintingPileupMapQualities(false)
106 , OutputFilename(Options::StandardOut())
111 // ---------------------------------------------
112 // ConvertToolPrivate implementation
114 struct ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate {
118 ConvertToolPrivate(ConvertTool::ConvertSettings* settings);
119 ~ConvertToolPrivate(void);
127 void PrintBed(const BamAlignment& a);
128 void PrintBedGraph(const BamAlignment& a);
129 void PrintFasta(const BamAlignment& a);
130 void PrintFastq(const BamAlignment& a);
131 void PrintJson(const BamAlignment& a);
132 void PrintSam(const BamAlignment& a);
133 void PrintWiggle(const BamAlignment& a);
135 // special case - uses the PileupEngine
136 bool RunPileupConversion(BamMultiReader* reader);
140 ConvertTool::ConvertSettings* m_settings;
141 RefVector m_references;
145 ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::ConvertToolPrivate(ConvertTool::ConvertSettings* settings)
146 : m_settings(settings)
147 , m_out(cout.rdbuf()) // default output to cout
150 ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::~ConvertToolPrivate(void) { }
152 bool ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::Run(void) {
154 // ------------------------------------
155 // initialize conversion input/output
157 // set to default input if none provided
158 if ( !m_settings->HasInput )
159 m_settings->InputFiles.push_back(Options::StandardIn());
162 BamMultiReader reader;
163 if ( !m_settings->HasInput ) { // don't attempt to open index for stdin
164 if ( !reader.Open(m_settings->InputFiles, false) ) {
165 cerr << "Could not open input files" << endl;
169 if ( !reader.Open(m_settings->InputFiles, true) ) {
170 cerr << "Could not open input files" << endl;
174 m_references = reader.GetReferenceData();
176 // set region if specified
178 if ( m_settings->HasRegion ) {
179 if ( Utilities::ParseRegionString(m_settings->Region, reader, region) ) {
180 if ( !reader.SetRegion(region) ) {
181 cerr << "Could not set BamReader region to REGION: " << m_settings->Region << endl;
185 cerr << "Could not parse REGION: " << m_settings->Region << endl;
190 // if output file given
192 if ( m_settings->HasOutput ) {
194 // open output file stream
195 outFile.open(m_settings->OutputFilename.c_str());
197 cerr << "Could not open " << m_settings->OutputFilename << " for output" << endl;
201 // set m_out to file's streambuf
202 m_out.rdbuf(outFile.rdbuf());
205 // -------------------------------------
206 // do conversion based on format
208 bool convertedOk = true;
210 // pileup is special case
211 // conversion not done per alignment, like the other formats
212 if ( m_settings->Format == FORMAT_PILEUP )
213 convertedOk = RunPileupConversion(&reader);
218 bool formatError = false;
220 // set function pointer to proper conversion method
221 void (BamTools::ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::*pFunction)(const BamAlignment&) = 0;
222 if ( m_settings->Format == FORMAT_BED ) pFunction = &BamTools::ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::PrintBed;
223 else if ( m_settings->Format == FORMAT_BEDGRAPH ) pFunction = &BamTools::ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::PrintBedGraph;
224 else if ( m_settings->Format == FORMAT_FASTA ) pFunction = &BamTools::ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::PrintFasta;
225 else if ( m_settings->Format == FORMAT_FASTQ ) pFunction = &BamTools::ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::PrintFastq;
226 else if ( m_settings->Format == FORMAT_JSON ) pFunction = &BamTools::ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::PrintJson;
227 else if ( m_settings->Format == FORMAT_SAM ) pFunction = &BamTools::ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::PrintSam;
228 else if ( m_settings->Format == FORMAT_WIGGLE ) pFunction = &BamTools::ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::PrintWiggle;
230 cerr << "Unrecognized format: " << m_settings->Format << endl;
231 cerr << "Please see help|README (?) for details on supported formats " << endl;
236 // if format selected ok
237 if ( !formatError ) {
239 // if SAM format & not omitting header, print SAM header first
240 if ( (m_settings->Format == FORMAT_SAM) && !m_settings->IsOmittingSamHeader )
241 m_out << reader.GetHeaderText();
243 // iterate through file, doing conversion
245 while ( reader.GetNextAlignment(a) )
246 (this->*pFunction)(a);
248 // set flag for successful conversion
253 // ------------------------
257 if ( m_settings->HasOutput ) outFile.close();
261 // ----------------------------------------------------------
262 // Conversion/output methods
263 // ----------------------------------------------------------
265 void ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::PrintBed(const BamAlignment& a) {
267 // tab-delimited, 0-based half-open
268 // (e.g. a 50-base read aligned to pos 10 could have BED coordinates (10, 60) instead of BAM coordinates (10, 59) )
269 // <chromName> <chromStart> <chromEnd> <readName> <score> <strand>
271 m_out << m_references.at(a.RefID).RefName << "\t"
272 << a.Position << "\t"
273 << a.GetEndPosition() + 1 << "\t"
275 << a.MapQuality << "\t"
276 << (a.IsReverseStrand() ? "-" : "+") << endl;
279 void ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::PrintBedGraph(const BamAlignment& a) {
283 // print BamAlignment in FASTA format
284 // N.B. - uses QueryBases NOT AlignedBases
285 void ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::PrintFasta(const BamAlignment& a) {
287 // >BamAlignment.Name
288 // BamAlignment.QueryBases (up to FASTA_LINE_MAX bases per line)
291 // N.B. - QueryBases are reverse-complemented if aligned to reverse strand
294 m_out << "> " << a.Name << endl;
296 // handle reverse strand alignment - bases
297 string sequence = a.QueryBases;
298 if ( a.IsReverseStrand() )
299 Utilities::ReverseComplement(sequence);
301 // if sequence fits on single line
302 if ( sequence.length() <= FASTA_LINE_MAX )
303 m_out << sequence << endl;
305 // else split over multiple lines
309 size_t seqLength = sequence.length(); // handle reverse strand alignment - bases & qualitiesth();
311 // write subsequences to each line
312 while ( position < (seqLength - FASTA_LINE_MAX) ) {
313 m_out << sequence.substr(position, FASTA_LINE_MAX) << endl;
314 position += FASTA_LINE_MAX;
317 // write final subsequence
318 m_out << sequence.substr(position) << endl;
322 // print BamAlignment in FASTQ format
323 // N.B. - uses QueryBases NOT AlignedBases
324 void ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::PrintFastq(const BamAlignment& a) {
326 // @BamAlignment.Name
327 // BamAlignment.QueryBases
329 // BamAlignment.Qualities
331 // N.B. - QueryBases are reverse-complemented (& Qualities reversed) if aligned to reverse strand .
332 // Name is appended "/1" or "/2" if paired-end, to reflect which mate this entry is.
334 // handle paired-end alignments
335 string name = a.Name;
337 name.append( (a.IsFirstMate() ? "/1" : "/2") );
339 // handle reverse strand alignment - bases & qualities
340 string qualities = a.Qualities;
341 string sequence = a.QueryBases;
342 if ( a.IsReverseStrand() ) {
343 Utilities::Reverse(qualities);
344 Utilities::ReverseComplement(sequence);
347 // write to output stream
348 m_out << "@" << name << endl
351 << qualities << endl;
354 // print BamAlignment in JSON format
355 void ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::PrintJson(const BamAlignment& a) {
357 // write name & alignment flag
358 m_out << "{\"name\":\"" << a.Name << "\",\"alignmentFlag\":\"" << a.AlignmentFlag << "\",";
360 // write reference name
361 if ( (a.RefID >= 0) && (a.RefID < (int)m_references.size()) )
362 m_out << "\"reference\":\"" << m_references[a.RefID].RefName << "\",";
364 // write position & map quality
365 m_out << "\"position\":" << a.Position+1 << ",\"mapQuality\":" << a.MapQuality << ",";
368 const vector<CigarOp>& cigarData = a.CigarData;
369 if ( !cigarData.empty() ) {
370 m_out << "\"cigar\":[";
371 vector<CigarOp>::const_iterator cigarBegin = cigarData.begin();
372 vector<CigarOp>::const_iterator cigarIter = cigarBegin;
373 vector<CigarOp>::const_iterator cigarEnd = cigarData.end();
374 for ( ; cigarIter != cigarEnd; ++cigarIter ) {
375 const CigarOp& op = (*cigarIter);
376 if (cigarIter != cigarBegin) m_out << ",";
377 m_out << "\"" << op.Length << op.Type << "\"";
382 // write mate reference name, mate position, & insert size
383 if ( a.IsPaired() && (a.MateRefID >= 0) && (a.MateRefID < (int)m_references.size()) ) {
384 m_out << "\"mate\":{"
385 << "\"reference\":\"" << m_references[a.MateRefID].RefName << "\","
386 << "\"position\":" << a.MatePosition+1
387 << ",\"insertSize\":" << a.InsertSize << "},";
391 if ( !a.QueryBases.empty() )
392 m_out << "\"queryBases\":\"" << a.QueryBases << "\",";
395 if ( !a.Qualities.empty() ) {
396 string::const_iterator s = a.Qualities.begin();
397 m_out << "\"qualities\":[" << static_cast<short>(*s) - 33;
399 for (; s != a.Qualities.end(); ++s) {
400 m_out << "," << static_cast<short>(*s) - 33;
406 const char* tagData = a.TagData.c_str();
407 const size_t tagDataLength = a.TagData.length();
409 if (index < tagDataLength) {
411 m_out << "\"tags\":{";
413 while ( index < tagDataLength ) {
419 m_out << "\"" << a.TagData.substr(index, 2) << "\":";
423 char type = a.TagData.at(index);
428 m_out << "\"" << tagData[index] << "\"";
433 m_out << (int)tagData[index];
438 m_out << (int)tagData[index];
443 m_out << BgzfData::UnpackUnsignedShort(&tagData[index]);
448 m_out << BgzfData::UnpackSignedShort(&tagData[index]);
453 m_out << BgzfData::UnpackUnsignedInt(&tagData[index]);
458 m_out << BgzfData::UnpackSignedInt(&tagData[index]);
463 m_out << BgzfData::UnpackFloat(&tagData[index]);
468 m_out << BgzfData::UnpackDouble(&tagData[index]);
475 while (tagData[index]) {
476 if (tagData[index] == '\"')
477 m_out << "\\\""; // escape for json
479 m_out << tagData[index];
487 if ( tagData[index] == '\0')
494 m_out << "}" << endl;
497 // print BamAlignment in SAM format
498 void ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::PrintSam(const BamAlignment& a) {
501 // <QNAME> <FLAG> <RNAME> <POS> <MAPQ> <CIGAR> <MRNM> <MPOS> <ISIZE> <SEQ> <QUAL> [ <TAG>:<VTYPE>:<VALUE> [...] ]
503 // write name & alignment flag
504 m_out << a.Name << "\t" << a.AlignmentFlag << "\t";
506 // write reference name
507 if ( (a.RefID >= 0) && (a.RefID < (int)m_references.size()) )
508 m_out << m_references[a.RefID].RefName << "\t";
512 // write position & map quality
513 m_out << a.Position+1 << "\t" << a.MapQuality << "\t";
516 const vector<CigarOp>& cigarData = a.CigarData;
517 if ( cigarData.empty() ) m_out << "*\t";
519 vector<CigarOp>::const_iterator cigarIter = cigarData.begin();
520 vector<CigarOp>::const_iterator cigarEnd = cigarData.end();
521 for ( ; cigarIter != cigarEnd; ++cigarIter ) {
522 const CigarOp& op = (*cigarIter);
523 m_out << op.Length << op.Type;
528 // write mate reference name, mate position, & insert size
529 if ( a.IsPaired() && (a.MateRefID >= 0) && (a.MateRefID < (int)m_references.size()) ) {
530 if ( a.MateRefID == a.RefID ) m_out << "=\t";
531 else m_out << m_references[a.MateRefID].RefName << "\t";
532 m_out << a.MatePosition+1 << "\t" << a.InsertSize << "\t";
534 else m_out << "*\t0\t0\t";
537 if ( a.QueryBases.empty() ) m_out << "*\t";
538 else m_out << a.QueryBases << "\t";
541 if ( a.Qualities.empty() ) m_out << "*";
542 else m_out << a.Qualities;
545 const char* tagData = a.TagData.c_str();
546 const size_t tagDataLength = a.TagData.length();
549 while ( index < tagDataLength ) {
552 string tagName = a.TagData.substr(index, 2);
553 m_out << "\t" << tagName << ":";
557 char type = a.TagData.at(index);
561 m_out << "A:" << tagData[index];
566 m_out << "i:" << (int)tagData[index];
571 m_out << "i:" << (int)tagData[index];
576 m_out << "i:" << BgzfData::UnpackUnsignedShort(&tagData[index]);
581 m_out << "i:" << BgzfData::UnpackSignedShort(&tagData[index]);
586 m_out << "i:" << BgzfData::UnpackUnsignedInt(&tagData[index]);
591 m_out << "i:" << BgzfData::UnpackSignedInt(&tagData[index]);
596 m_out << "f:" << BgzfData::UnpackFloat(&tagData[index]);
601 m_out << "d:" << BgzfData::UnpackDouble(&tagData[index]);
607 m_out << type << ":";
608 while (tagData[index]) {
609 m_out << tagData[index];
616 if ( tagData[index] == '\0')
623 void ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::PrintWiggle(const BamAlignment& a) {
627 bool ConvertTool::ConvertToolPrivate::RunPileupConversion(BamMultiReader* reader) {
629 // check for valid BamMultiReader
630 if ( reader == 0 ) return false;
632 // set up our pileup format 'visitor'
633 ConvertPileupFormatVisitor* v = new ConvertPileupFormatVisitor(m_references,
634 m_settings->FastaFilename,
635 m_settings->IsPrintingPileupMapQualities,
638 // set up PileupEngine
640 pileup.AddVisitor(v);
642 // iterate through data
644 while ( reader->GetNextAlignment(al) )
645 pileup.AddAlignment(al);
656 // ---------------------------------------------
657 // ConvertTool implementation
659 ConvertTool::ConvertTool(void)
661 , m_settings(new ConvertSettings)
664 // set program details
665 Options::SetProgramInfo("bamtools convert", "converts BAM to a number of other formats", "-format <FORMAT> [-in <filename> -in <filename> ...] [-out <filename>] [other options]");
668 OptionGroup* IO_Opts = Options::CreateOptionGroup("Input & Output");
669 Options::AddValueOption("-in", "BAM filename", "the input BAM file(s)", "", m_settings->HasInput, m_settings->InputFiles, IO_Opts, Options::StandardIn());
670 Options::AddValueOption("-out", "BAM filename", "the output BAM file", "", m_settings->HasOutput, m_settings->OutputFilename, IO_Opts, Options::StandardOut());
671 Options::AddValueOption("-format", "FORMAT", "the output file format - see README for recognized formats", "", m_settings->HasFormat, m_settings->Format, IO_Opts);
673 OptionGroup* FilterOpts = Options::CreateOptionGroup("Filters");
674 Options::AddValueOption("-region", "REGION", "genomic region. Index file is recommended for better performance, and is read automatically if it exists as <filename>.bai. See \'bamtools help index\' for more details on creating one", "", m_settings->HasRegion, m_settings->Region, FilterOpts);
676 OptionGroup* PileupOpts = Options::CreateOptionGroup("Pileup Options");
677 Options::AddValueOption("-fasta", "FASTA filename", "FASTA reference file", "", m_settings->HasFastaFilename, m_settings->FastaFilename, PileupOpts, "");
678 Options::AddOption("-mapqual", "print the mapping qualities", m_settings->IsPrintingPileupMapQualities, PileupOpts);
680 OptionGroup* SamOpts = Options::CreateOptionGroup("SAM Options");
681 Options::AddOption("-noheader", "omit the SAM header from output", m_settings->IsOmittingSamHeader, SamOpts);
684 ConvertTool::~ConvertTool(void) {
692 int ConvertTool::Help(void) {
693 Options::DisplayHelp();
697 int ConvertTool::Run(int argc, char* argv[]) {
699 // parse command line arguments
700 Options::Parse(argc, argv, 1);
702 // run internal ConvertTool implementation, return success/fail
703 m_impl = new ConvertToolPrivate(m_settings);
711 // ---------------------------------------------
712 // ConvertPileupFormatVisitor implementation
714 ConvertPileupFormatVisitor::ConvertPileupFormatVisitor(const RefVector& references,
715 const string& fastaFilename,
716 const bool isPrintingMapQualities,
720 , m_isPrintingMapQualities(isPrintingMapQualities)
722 , m_references(references)
724 // set up Fasta reader if file is provided
725 if ( !fastaFilename.empty() ) {
727 // check for FASTA index
728 string indexFilename = "";
729 if ( Utilities::FileExists(fastaFilename + ".fai") )
730 indexFilename = fastaFilename + ".fai";
733 if ( m_fasta.Open(fastaFilename, indexFilename) )
738 ConvertPileupFormatVisitor::~ConvertPileupFormatVisitor(void) {
739 // be sure to close Fasta reader
746 void ConvertPileupFormatVisitor::Visit(const PileupPosition& pileupData ) {
748 // skip if no alignments at this position
749 if ( pileupData.PileupAlignments.empty() ) return;
751 // retrieve reference name
752 const string& referenceName = m_references[pileupData.RefId].RefName;
753 const int& position = pileupData.Position;
755 // retrieve reference base from FASTA file, if one provided; otherwise default to 'N'
756 char referenceBase('N');
757 if ( m_hasFasta && (pileupData.Position < m_references[pileupData.RefId].RefLength) ) {
758 if ( !m_fasta.GetBase(pileupData.RefId, pileupData.Position, referenceBase ) ) {
759 cerr << "Pileup error : Could not read reference base from FASTA file" << endl;
764 // get count of alleles at this position
765 const int numberAlleles = pileupData.PileupAlignments.size();
767 // -----------------------------------------------------------
768 // build strings based on alleles at this positionInAlignment
770 stringstream bases("");
771 stringstream baseQualities("");
772 stringstream mapQualities("");
774 // iterate over alignments at this pileup position
775 vector<PileupAlignment>::const_iterator pileupIter = pileupData.PileupAlignments.begin();
776 vector<PileupAlignment>::const_iterator pileupEnd = pileupData.PileupAlignments.end();
777 for ( ; pileupIter != pileupEnd; ++pileupIter ) {
778 const PileupAlignment pa = (*pileupIter);
779 const BamAlignment& ba = pa.Alignment;
781 // if beginning of read segment
782 if ( pa.IsSegmentBegin )
783 bases << '^' << ( ((int)ba.MapQuality > 93) ? (char)126 : (char)((int)ba.MapQuality+33) );
785 // if current base is not a DELETION
786 if ( !pa.IsCurrentDeletion ) {
788 // get base at current position
789 char base = ba.QueryBases.at(pa.PositionInAlignment);
791 // if base matches reference
793 toupper(base) == toupper(referenceBase) ||
794 tolower(base) == tolower(referenceBase) )
796 base = (ba.IsReverseStrand() ? ',' : '.' );
799 // mismatches reference
800 else base = (ba.IsReverseStrand() ? tolower(base) : toupper(base) );
805 // if next position contains insertion
806 if ( pa.IsNextInsertion ) {
807 bases << '+' << pa.InsertionLength;
808 for (int i = 1; i <= pa.InsertionLength; ++i) {
809 char insertedBase = (char)ba.QueryBases.at(pa.PositionInAlignment + i);
810 bases << (ba.IsReverseStrand() ? (char)tolower(insertedBase) : (char)toupper(insertedBase) );
814 // if next position contains DELETION
815 else if ( pa.IsNextDeletion ) {
816 bases << '-' << pa.DeletionLength;
817 for (int i = 1; i <= pa.DeletionLength; ++i) {
818 char deletedBase('N');
819 if ( m_hasFasta && (pileupData.Position+i < m_references[pileupData.RefId].RefLength) ) {
820 if ( !m_fasta.GetBase(pileupData.RefId, pileupData.Position+i, deletedBase ) ) {
821 cerr << "Pileup error : Could not read reference base from FASTA file" << endl;
825 bases << (ba.IsReverseStrand() ? (char)tolower(deletedBase) : (char)toupper(deletedBase) );
830 // otherwise, DELETION
833 // if end of read segment
834 if ( pa.IsSegmentEnd ) bases << '$';
836 // store current base quality
837 baseQualities << ba.Qualities.at(pa.PositionInAlignment);
839 // save alignment map quality if desired
840 if ( m_isPrintingMapQualities )
841 mapQualities << ( ((int)ba.MapQuality > 93) ? (char)126 : (char)((int)ba.MapQuality+33) );
844 // ----------------------
848 // <refName> <1-based pos> <refBase> <numberAlleles> <bases> <qualities> [mapQuals]
850 const string TAB = "\t";
851 *m_out << referenceName << TAB
852 << position + 1 << TAB
853 << referenceBase << TAB
854 << numberAlleles << TAB
855 << bases.str() << TAB
856 << baseQualities.str() << TAB
857 << mapQualities.str() << endl;