1 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.7-3
6 o mantel.test() has a new argument 'alternative' which is
7 "two-sided" by default. Previously, this test was one-tailed
8 with no possibility to change.
13 o Branch lengths were wrongly updated with bind.tree(, where = <tip>,
14 position = 0). (Thanks to Liam Revell for digging this bug out.)
16 o Simulation of OU process with rTraitCont() did not work correctly.
17 This now uses formula from Gillespie (1996) reduced to a BM
18 process when alpha = 0 to avoid division by zero. The option
19 'linear' has been removed.
23 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.7-2
28 o There is a new class "evonet" to code evolutionary networks, with
29 a constructor function evonet(), a print() and a plot() methods,
30 and four conversion methods to the classes "phylo", "networx",
31 "network", and "igraph".
33 o The new function rTraitMult does multivariate traits simulation
34 with user-defined models.
36 o plot.phylo() has a new option 'plot = TRUE'. If FALSE, the tree
37 is not plotted but the graphical device is set and the
38 coordinates are saved as usual.
40 o diversity.contrast.test() gains a fourth version of the test with
41 method = "logratio"; the literature citations have been clarified.
43 o add.scale.bar() has two new options, 'lwd' and 'lcol', to modify
44 the aspect of the bar.
46 o boot.phylo() now displays a progress bar by default (can be off
49 o There is a new predict() method for compar.gee().
54 o bionj() made R crash if distances were too large. It now returns
55 an error if at least one distance is greater than 100.
57 o drop.tip() returned a wrong tree if 'tip' was of zero length.
59 o read.nexus.data() failed with URLs.
61 o boot.phylo() returned overestimated support values in the
62 presence of identical or nearly identical sequences.
67 o The data bird.families, bird.orders, cynipids, and woodmouse are
68 now provided as .rda files.
72 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.7-1
77 o The new function trex does tree exploration with multiple
80 o The new function kronoviz plots several rooted (dated) trees on
83 o identify.phylo() has a new option 'quiet' (FALSE by default).
88 o A bug was introduced in read.nexus() in ape 2.7.
90 o image.DNAbin() did not colour correctly the bases if there were
93 o .compressTipLabel() failed with a list with a single tree.
95 o identify.phylo() returned a wrong answer when the x- and y-scales
98 o write.nexus() failed with lists of trees with compressed labels.
103 o identify.phylo() now returns NULL if the user right-(instead of
104 left-)clicks (an error was returned previously).
106 o read.nexus() should be robust to commands inserted in the TREES
111 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.7
116 o There is a new image() method for "DNAbin" objects: it plots DNA
117 alignments in a flexible and efficient way.
119 o Two new functions as.network.phylo and as.igraph.phylo convert
120 trees of class "phylo" into these respective network classes
121 defined in the packages of the same names.
123 o The three new functions clustal, muscle, and tcoffee perform
124 nucleotide sequence alignment by calling the external programs
127 o Four new functions, diversity.contrast.test, mcconwaysims.test,
128 richness.yule.test, and slowinskiguyer.test, implement various
129 tests of diversification shifts using sister-clade comparisons.
131 o base.freq() gains an option 'all' to count all the possible bases
132 including the ambiguous ones (defaults to FALSE).
134 o read.nexus() now writes tree names in the NEXUS file if given a
135 list of trees with names.
140 o prop.part() failed in some situations with unrooted trees.
142 o read.nexus() shuffled node labels when a TRANSLATE block was
145 o varCompPhylip() did not work if 'exec' was specified.
147 o bind.tree() shuffled node labels when position > 0 and 'where'
153 o BaseProportion in src/dist_dna.c has been modified.
155 o A number of functions in src/tree_build.c have been modified.
157 o The matching representation has now only two columns as the third
158 column was redundant.
162 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.6-3
167 o rTraitCont() and rTraitDisc() gains a '...' argument used with
168 user-defined models (suggestion by Gene Hunt).
173 o as.hclust.phylo() now returns an error with unrooted trees.
175 o as.hclust.phylo() failed with trees with node labels (thanks to
176 Jinlong Zhang for pointing this bug out).
178 o read.dna(, "fasta") failed if sequences were not all of the same
181 o plot.phylo() did not recycle values of 'font', 'cex' and
182 'tip.color' correctly when type = "fan" or "radial".
184 o plot.phylo() ignored 'label.offset' when type = "radial", "fan", or
185 "unrooted" with lab4ut = "axial" (the placement of tip labels still
186 needs to be improved with lab4ut = "horizontal").
191 o In drop.fossil() the default tol = 0 has been raised to 1e-8.
193 o The help command ?phylo now points to the man page of read.tree()
194 where this class is described. Similarly, ?matching points to the
195 man page of as.matching().
199 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.6-2
204 o Two new functions, pic.ortho and varCompPhylip, implements the
205 orthonormal contrasts of Felsenstein (2008, Am Nat, 171:713). The
206 second function requires Phylip to be installed on the computer.
208 o bd.ext() has a new option conditional = TRUE to use probabilities
209 conditioned on no extinction for the taxonomic data.
214 o write.tree() failed to output correctly tree names.
216 o dist.nodes() returned duplicated column(s) with unrooted and/or
217 multichotomous trees.
219 o mcmc.popsize() terminated unexpectedly if the progress bar was
222 o prop.part(x) made R frozen if 'x' is of class "multiPhylo".
224 o Compilation under Mandriva failed (thanks to Jos Käfer for the fix).
226 o drop.tip() shuffled tip labels with subtree = TRUE or trim.internal
229 o Objects returned by as.hclust.phylo() failed when analysed with
230 cutree() or rect.hclust().
232 o write.tree() did not output correctly node labels (thanks to Naim
233 Matasci and Jeremy Beaulieu for the fix).
235 o ace(type = "discrete") has been improved thanks to Naim Marasci and
240 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.6-1
245 o The new function speciesTree calculates the species tree from a set
246 of gene trees. Several methods are available including maximum tree
247 and shallowest divergence tree.
252 o A bug introduced in write.tree() with ape 2.6 has been fixed.
254 o as.list.DNAbin() did not work correctly with vectors.
256 o as.hclust.phylo() failed with trees with node labels (thanks to
257 Filipe Vieira for the fix).
261 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.6
266 o The new functions rlineage and rbdtree simulate phylogenies under
267 any user-defined time-dependent speciation-extinction model. They
268 use continuous time algorithms.
270 o The new function drop.fossil removes the extinct species from a
273 o The new function bd.time fits a user-defined time-dependent
274 birth-death model. It is a generalization of yule.time() taking
275 extinction into account.
277 o The new function MPR does most parsimonious reconstruction of
280 o The new function Ftab computes the contingency table of base
281 frequencies from a pair of sequences.
283 o There is now an 'as.list' method for the class "DNAbin".
285 o dist.dna() can compute the number of transitions or transversions
286 with the option model = "Ts" or model = "Tv", respectively.
288 o [node|tip|edge]labels() gain three options with default values to
289 control the aspect of thermometers: horiz = TRUE, width = NULL,
292 o compar.gee() has been improved with the new option 'corStruct' as an
293 alternative to 'phy' to specify the correlation structure, and
294 calculation of the QIC (Pan 2001, Biometrics). The display of the
295 results has also been improved.
297 o read.GenBank() has a new option 'gene.names' to return the name of
298 the gene (FALSE by default).
303 o extract.clade() sometimes shuffled the tip labels.
305 o plot.phylo(type = "unrooted") did not force asp = 1 (thanks to Klaus
308 o dist.dna(model = "logdet") used to divide distances by 4. The
309 documentation has been clarified on the formulae used.
314 o rTraitCont(model = "OU") has an option 'linear = TRUE' to possibly
315 change the parameterisation (see ?rTraitCont for details).
317 o pic() now returns a vector with the node labels of the tree (if
320 o write.tree() and read.tree() have been substantially improved thanks
321 to contributions by Klaus Schliep.
325 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.5-3
330 o The new function mixedFontLabel helps to make labels with bits of
331 text to be plotted in different fonts.
333 o There are now replacement operators for [, [[, and $ for the class
334 "multiPhylo" (i.e., TREES[11:20] <- rmtree(10, 100)). They possibly
335 check that the tip labels are the same in all trees.
337 o Objects of class "multiPhylo" can be built with c(): there are
338 methods for the classes "phylo" and "multiPhylo".
340 o The internal functions .compressTipLabel and .uncompressTipLabel are
346 o bind.tree(x, y, where, position = 0) did not work correctly if 'y'
347 was a single-edge tree and 'where' was a tip.
349 o rTraitCont() did not use the square-root of branch lengths when
350 simulating a Brownian motion model.
354 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.5-2
359 o There is now a print method for results from ace().
361 o There is a labels() method for objects of class "DNAbin".
363 o read.dna() has a new option 'as.matrix' to possibly force sequences
364 in a FASTA file to be stored in a matrix (see ?read.dna for details).
369 o as.phylo.hclust() used to multiply edge lengths by 2.
371 o A minor bug was fixed in rTraitDisc().
373 o ace() sometimes failed (parameter value was NaN and the optimisation
379 o evolve.phylo() and plot.ancestral() have been removed.
381 o chronogram(), ratogram(), and NPRS.criterion() have been removed.
386 o nj() has been improved and is now about 30% faster.
388 o The default option 'drop' of [.DNAbin has been changed to FALSE to
389 avoid dropping rownames when selecting a single sequence.
391 o print.DNAbin() has been changed to summary.DNAbin() which has been
396 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.5-1
401 o The new function stree generates trees with regular shapes.
403 o It is now possible to bind two trees with x + y (see ?bind.tree for
406 o drop.tip(), extract.clade(), root(), and bind.tree() now have an
407 'interactive' option to make the operation on a plotted tree.
409 o cophyloplot() gains two new arguments 'lwd' and 'lty' for the
410 association links; they are recycled like 'col' (which wasn't before).
415 o rTraitDisc() did not use its 'freq' argument correctly (it was
416 multiplied with the rate matrix column-wise instead of row-wise).
418 o [node|tip|edge]labels(thermo = ) used to draw empty thermometers
419 with NA values. Nothing is drawn now like with 'text' or 'pch'.
420 The same bug occurred with the 'pie' option.
422 o A bug was fixed in compar.ou() and the help page was clarified.
424 o bind.tree() has been rewritten fixing several bugs and making it
427 o plot.phylo(type = "p") sometimes failed to colour correctly the
428 vertical lines representing the nodes.
430 o plot.phylo(direction = "l", x.lim = 30) failed to plot the branches
431 in the correct direction though the tip labels were displayed
437 o The c, cbind, and rbind methods for "DNAbin" objetcs now check that
438 the sequences are correctly stored (in a list for c, in a matrix
439 for the two other functions).
443 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.5
448 o The new function parafit by Pierre Legendre tests for the
449 coevolution between hosts and parasites. It has a companion
450 function, pcoa, that does principal coordinate decomposition.
451 The latter has a biplot method.
453 o The new function lmorigin by Pierre Legendre performs multiple
454 regression through the origin with testing by permutation.
456 o The new functions rTraitCont and rTraitDisc simulate continuous and
457 discrete traits under a wide range of evolutionary models.
459 o The new function delta.plot does a delta plot following Holland et
460 al. (2002, Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:2051).
462 o The new function edges draws additional branches between any nodes
463 and/or tips on a plotted tree.
465 o The new function fancyarrows enhances arrows from graphics with
466 triangle and harpoon heads; it can be called from edges().
468 o add.scale.bar() has a new option 'ask' to draw interactively.
470 o The branch length score replaces the geodesic distance in dist.topo.
472 o Three new data sets are included: the gopher-lice data (gopher.D),
473 SO2 air pollution in 41 US cities (lmorigin.ex1, from Sokal &
474 Rohlf 1995), and some host-parasite specificity data
475 (lmorigin.ex2, from Legendre & Desdevises 2009).
480 o add.scale.bar() drew the bar outside the plotting region with the
481 default options with unrooted or radial trees.
483 o dist.topo() made R stuck when the trees had different sizes (thanks
484 to Otto Cordero for the fix).
489 o The geodesic distance has been replaced by the branch length score
494 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.4-1
499 o rtree() and rcoal() now accept a numeric vector for the 'br'
502 o vcv() is a new generic function with methods for the classes "phylo"
503 and "corPhyl" so that it is possible to calculate the var-cov matrix
504 for "transformation models". vcv.phylo() can still be used for trees
505 of class "phylo"; its argument 'cor' has been renamed 'corr'.
510 o bind.tree() failed when 'y' had no root edge.
512 o read.nexus() shuffled tip labels when the trees have no branch
513 lengths and there is a TRANSLATE block.
515 o read.nexus() does not try to translate node labels if there is a
516 translation table in the NEXUS file. See ?read.nexus for a
517 clarification on this behaviour.
519 o plot.multiPhylo() crashed R when plotting a list of trees with
520 compressed tip labels.
522 o write.nexus() did not translate the taxa names when asked for.
524 o plot.phylo(type = "fan") did not rotate the tip labels correctly
525 when the tree has branch lengths.
527 o ace(type = "continuous", method = "ML") now avoids sigma² being
528 negative (which resulted in an error).
530 o nj() crashed with NA/NaN in the distance matrix: an error in now
535 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.4
540 o base.freq() has a new option 'freq' to return the counts; the
541 default is still to return the proportions.
546 o seg.sites() did not handle ambiguous nucleotides correctly: they
549 o plot(phy, root.edge = TRUE) failed if there was no $root.edge in
550 the tree: the argument is now ignored.
552 o add.scale.bar() failed when 'x' and 'y' were given (thanks to Janet
558 o Trying to plot a tree with a single tip now returns NULL with a
559 warning (it returned an error previously).
561 o The way lines representing nodes are coloured in phylograms has
562 been modified (as well as their widths and types) following some
563 users' request; this is only for dichotomous nodes.
565 o The argument 'adj' in [node][tip][edge]labels() now works when
566 using 'pie' or 'thermo'.
568 o A more informative message error is now returned by dist.dna() when
569 'model' is badly specified (partial matching of this argument is
572 o Deprecated functions are now listed in a help page: see
573 help("ape-defunct") with the quotes.
578 o The functions heterozygosity, nuc.div, theta.h, theta.k and
579 theta.s have been moved from ape to pegas.
581 o The functions mlphylo, DNAmodel and sh.test have been removed.
585 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3-3
590 o add.scale.bar() always drew a horizontal bar.
592 o zoom() shuffled tips with unrooted trees.
594 o write.nexus() failed to write correctly trees with a "TipLabel"
597 o rcoal() failed to compute branch lengths with very large n.
599 o A small bug was fixed in compar.cheverud() (thanks to Michael
602 o seg.sites() failed when passing a vector.
604 o drop.tip() sometimes shuffled tip labels.
606 o root() shuffled node labels with 'resolve.root = TRUE'.
610 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3-2
615 o all.equal.phylo() did not compare unrooted trees correctly.
617 o dist.topo(... method = "PH85") did not treat unrooted trees
618 correctly (thanks to Tim Wallstrom for the fix).
620 o root() sometimes failed to test for the monophyly of the
623 o extract.clade() sometimes included too many edges.
625 o vcv.phylo() did not work correctly when the tree is in
628 o nj() did not handle correctly distance matrices with many 0's.
629 The code has also been significantly improved: 7, 70, 160 times
630 faster with n = 100, 500, 1000, respectively.
634 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3-1
639 o The new function is.monophyletic tests the monophyly of a group.
641 o There is now a c() method for lists of class "DNAbin".
643 o yule.cov() now fits the null model, and its help page has been
644 corrected with respect to this change.
646 o drop.tip() has a new option 'rooted' to force (or not) a tree
647 to be treated as (un)rooted.
652 o dist.gene() failed on most occasions with the default
653 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
655 o read.tree() failed to read correctly the tree name(s).
657 o boot.phylo() now treats correctly data frames.
659 o del.gaps() did not copy the rownames of a matrix.
661 o A small bug was fixed in CDAM.global().
663 o ace() failed with large data sets. Thanks to Rich FitzJohn for
664 the fix. With other improvements, this function is now about 6
667 o write.tree() failed with objects of class "multiPhylo".
669 o drop.tip(, subtree = TRUE) sometimes shuffled tip labels.
674 o [.multiPhylo and [.DNAbin now respect the original class.
676 o Instances of the form class(phy) == "phylo" have been replaced
677 by inherits(phy, "phylo").
679 o rcoal() is now faster.
684 o klastorin() has been removed.
688 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3
693 o The new functions CADM.global and CADM.post, contributed by
694 Pierre Legendre, test the congruence among several distance
697 o The new function yule.time fits a user-defined time-dependent
698 Yule model by maximum likelihood.
700 o The new function makeNodeLabel creates and/or modifies node
701 labels in a flexible way.
703 o read.tree() and write.tree() have been modified so that they can
704 handle individual tree names.
706 o plot.phylo() has a new argument 'edge.lty' that specifies the
707 types of lines used for the edges (plain, dotted, dashed, ...)
709 o phymltest() has been updated to work with PhyML 3.0.1.
714 o drop.tip() shuffled tip labels in some cases.
716 o drop.tip() did not handle node.label correctly.
718 o is.ultrametric() now checks the ordering of the edge matrix.
720 o ace() sometimes returned negative values of likelihoods of
721 ancestral states (thanks to Dan Rabosky for solving this long
727 o The data set xenarthra has been removed.
731 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-4
735 o The bug fix in read.nexus() in version 2.2-3 was wrong: this is
736 now fixed. (Thanks to Peter Wragg for the fix!)
738 o A warning message occurred for no reason with ace(method="GLS").
743 o There is now a general help page displayed with '?ape'.
747 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-3
752 o The new function extract.clade extracts a clade from a tree by
753 specifying a node number or label.
755 o fastme.bal() has two new options 'spr' and 'tbr' to perform tree
756 operations of the same names.
758 o dist.dna() can now return the number of site differences by
759 specifying model="N".
764 o chronopl() did not work with CV = TRUE.
766 o read.nexus() did not work correctly in some situations (trees on
767 multiple lines with different numbers of lines and/or with
768 comments inserted within the trees).
770 o ltt.plot(), ltt.lines(), and mltt.plot() did not count correctly
771 the number of lineages with non-binary trees.
776 o ape has now a namespace.
778 o drop.tip() has been improved: it should be much faster and work
779 better in some cases (e.g., see the example in ?zoom).
783 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-2
788 o dist.gene() has been substantially improved and gains an option
791 o cbind.DNAbin() has a new option 'fill.with.gaps' and is now
797 o prop.part() failed with a single tree with the default option
798 'check.labels = TRUE'.
800 o summary.DNAbin() failed to display correctly the summary of
801 sequence lengths with lists of sequences of 10,000 bases or more
802 (because summary.default uses 4 significant digits by default).
804 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree with line
805 breaks in the Newick string.
807 o del.gaps() returned a list of empty sequences when there were no
813 o phymltest() has been updated for PhyML 3.0 and gains an option
814 'append', whereas the option 'path2exec' has been removed.
816 o rbind.DNAbin() and cbind.DNAbin() now accept a single matrix
817 which is returned unchanged (instead of an error).
819 o The data sets bird.orders and bird.families are now stored as
820 Newick strings; i.e., the command data(bird.orders) calls
825 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-1
830 o The new function makeLabel() helps to modify labels of trees,
831 lists of trees, or DNA sequences, with several utilities to
832 truncate and/or make them unique, substituting some
833 characters, and so on.
835 o The new function del.gaps() removes insertion gaps ("-") in a
836 set of DNA sequences.
838 o read.dna() can now read Clustal files (*.aln).
843 o root() failed with 'resolve.root = TRUE' when the root was
844 already the specified root.
846 o Several bugs were fixed in mlphylo().
848 o collapsed.singles() did not propagate the 'Nnode' and
849 'node.labels' elements (thanks to Elizabeth Purdom for the fix).
851 o read.nexus() failed to remove correctly the comments within
854 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree and no
855 translation of tip labels.
857 o read.nexus() failed to place correctly tip labels when reading
858 a single tree with no edge lengths.
860 o A bug was fixed in sh.test().
865 o unique.multiPhylo() is faster thanks to a suggestion by Vladimir
868 o The option 'check.labels' of consensus() and prop.part() is now
871 o write.dna() now does not truncate names to 10 characters with
876 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2
881 o Four new functions have been written by Damien de Vienne for the
882 graphical exploration of large trees (cophyloplot, subtrees,
883 subtreeplot), and to return the graphical coordinates of tree
886 o The new functions corPagel and corBlomberg implement the Pagel's
887 "lambda" and Blomberg et al.'s "ACDC" correlation structures.
889 o chronopl() has been improved and gains several options: see its
890 help page for details.
892 o boot.phylo() has now an option 'trees' to possibly return the
893 bootstraped trees (the default is FALSE).
895 o prop.part() has been improved and should now be faster in all
901 o read.dna() failed if "?" occurred in the first 10 sites of the
904 o The x/y aspect of the plot is now respected when plotting a
905 circular tree (type = "r" or "f").
907 o Drawing the tip labels sometimes failed when plotting circular
910 o zoom() failed when tip labels were used instead of their numbers
911 (thanks to Yan Wong for the fix).
913 o drop.tip() failed with some trees (fixed by Yan Wong).
915 o seg.sites() failed with a list.
917 o consensus() failed in some cases. The function has been improved
918 as well and is faster.
922 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-3
927 o A bug in read.nexus() made the Windows R-GUI crash.
929 o An error was fixed in the computation of ancestral character
930 states by generalized least squares in ace().
932 o di2multi() did not modify node labels correctly.
934 o multi2di() failed if the tree had its attribute "order" set to
939 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-2
944 o There three new methods for the "multiPhylo" class: str, $,
947 o root() gains the options 'node' and 'resolve.root'
948 (FALSE by default) as well as its code being improved.
950 o mltt.plot() has now an option 'log' used in the same way
951 than in plot.default().
956 o mltt.plot() failed to display the legend with an unnamed
959 o nodelabels() with pies now correcly uses the argument
960 'cex' to draw symbols of different sizes (which has
961 worked already for thermometers).
963 o read.nexus() generally failed to read very big files.
968 o The argument 'family' of compar.gee() can now be a function
969 as well as a character string.
971 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an unnamed list if
974 o read.nexus() now returns a modified object of class "multiPhylo"
975 when there is a TRANSLATE block in the NEXUS file: the individual
976 trees have no 'tip.label' vector, but the list has a 'TipLabel'
977 attribute. The new methods '$' and '[[' set these elements
978 correctly when extracting trees.
982 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-1
987 o The new function rmtree generates lists of random trees.
989 o rcoal() now generates a genuine coalescent tree by default
990 (thanks to Vladimir Minin for the code).
995 o nuc.div() returned an incorrect value with the default
996 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
1001 o The internal codes of bionj(), fastme.bal(), and fastme.ols()
1002 have been improved so that they are stabler and faster.
1004 o R packages used by ape are now loaded silently; lattice and gee
1005 are loaded only when needed.
1009 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1
1014 o The new function identify.phylo identifies clades on a plotted
1015 tree using the mouse.
1017 o It is now possible to subset a list of trees (object of class
1018 "multiPhylo") with "[" while keeping its class correct.
1020 o The new function as.DNAbin.alignment converts DNA sequences
1021 stored in the "alignment" format of the package seqinr into
1022 an object of class "DNAbin".
1024 o The new function weight.taxo2 helps to build similarity matrices
1025 given two taxonomic levels (usually called by other functions).
1027 o write.tree() can now take a list of trees (class "multiPhylo")
1028 as its main argument.
1030 o plot.correlogram() and plot.correlogramList() have been
1031 improved, and gain several options (see the help page for
1032 details). A legend is now plotted by default.
1037 o dist.dna() returned some incorrect values with `model = "JC69"'
1038 and `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'. This affected only the
1039 distances involving sequences with missing values. (Thanks
1040 to Bruno Toupance for digging this bug out.)
1042 o write.tree() failed with some trees: this is fixed by removing
1043 the `multi.line' option (trees are now always printed on a
1046 o read.nexus() did not correctly detect trees with multiple root
1047 edges (see OTHER CHANGES).
1052 o The code of mlphylo() has been almost entirely rewritten, and
1053 should be much stabler. The options have been also greatly
1054 simplified (see ?mlphylo and ?DNAmodel for details).
1056 o The internal function nTips has been renamed klastorin_nTips.
1058 o The code of is.ultrametric() contained redundancies and has
1061 o The code of Moran.I() and of correlogram.formula() have been
1064 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an error when trying to
1065 read a tree with multiple root edges (see BUG FIXES). The
1066 correction applied in previous version did not work in all
1069 o The class c("multi.tree", "phylo") has been renamed
1075 o There is now a vignette in ape: see vignette("MoranI", "ape").
1078 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
1080 o as.matching() and as.phylo.matching() do not support branch
1083 o correlogram.phylo() and discrete.dist() have been removed.
1087 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-2
1092 o The new function matexpo computes the exponential of a square
1095 o The new function unique.multi.tree removes duplicate trees from
1098 o yule() has a new option `use.root.edge = FALSE' that specifies
1099 to ignore, by default, the root edge of the tree if it exists.
1104 o which.edge() failed when the index of a single terminal edge was
1107 o In diversi.time(), the values returned for model C were
1110 o A bug was fixed in yule() that affected the calculation of the
1111 likelihood in the presence of ties in the branching times.
1113 o There was a bug in the C function mat_expo4x4 affecting the
1114 calculations of the transition probabilities for models HKY and
1117 o A small bug was fixed in as.matrix.DNAbin (thanks to James
1120 o rtree() did not `shuffle' the tip labels by default, so only a
1121 limited number of labelled topologies could be generated.
1125 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-1
1130 o The three new functions bionj, fastme.ols, and fastme.bal
1131 perform phylogeny estimation by the BIONJ and fastME methods in
1132 OLS and balanced versions. This is a port to R of previous
1133 previous programs done by Vincent Lefort.
1135 o The new function chronoMPL performs molecular dating with the
1136 mean path lengths method of Britton et al. (2002, Mol. Phyl.
1139 o The new function rotate, contributed by Christoph Heibl, swaps
1140 two clades connected to the same node. It works also with
1141 multichotomous nodes.
1143 o The new `method' as.matrix.DNAbin() may be used to convert
1144 easily DNA sequences stored in a list into a matrix while
1145 keeping the names and the class.
1150 o chronopl() failed when some branch lengths were equal to zero:
1151 an error message is now returned.
1153 o di2multi() failed when there was a series of consecutive edges
1158 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-2
1163 o plot.phylo() can now plot circular trees: the option is type =
1164 "fan" or type = "f" (to avoid the ambiguity with type = "c").
1166 o prop.part() has a new option `check.labels = FALSE' which allows
1167 to considerably speed-up the calculations of bipartitions. As a
1168 consequence, calculations of bootstrap values with boot.phylo()
1169 should be much faster.
1174 o read.GenBank() did not return correctly the list of species as
1175 from ape 1.10: this is fixed in this version
1177 o Applying as.phylo() on a tree of class "phylo" failed: the
1178 object is now returned unchanged.
1182 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-1
1187 o The three new functions Ntip, Nnode, and Nedge return, for a
1188 given tree, the number of tips, nodes, or edges, respectively.
1193 o read.nexus() did not set correctly the class of the returned
1194 object when reading multiple trees.
1196 o mllt.plot() failed with objects of class c("multi.tree",
1199 o unroot() did not work correctly in most cases.
1201 o reorder.phylo() made R freeze in some occasions.
1203 o Plotting a tree in pruningwise order failed.
1205 o When plotting an unrooted tree, the tip labels where not all
1206 correctly positioned if the option `cex' was used.
1210 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10
1215 o Five new `method' functions have been introduced to manipulate
1216 DNA sequences in binary format (see below).
1218 o Three new functions have been introduced to convert between the
1219 new binary and the character formats.
1221 o The new function as.alignment converts DNA sequences stored as
1222 single characters into the class "alignment" used by the package
1225 o read.dna() and read.GenBank() have a new argument `as.character'
1226 controlling whether the sequences are returned in binary format
1232 o root() failed when the tree had node labels: this is fixed.
1234 o plot.phylo() did not correctly set the limits on the y-axis with
1235 the default setting: this is fixed.
1237 o dist.dna() returned a wrong result for the LogDet, paralinear,
1238 and BH87 models with `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'.
1243 o DNA sequences are now internally stored in a binary format. See
1244 the document "A Bit-Level Coding Scheme for Nucleotides" for the
1245 details. Most functions analyzing DNA functions have been
1246 modified accordingly and are now much faster (dist.dna is now
1247 ca. 60 times faster).
1251 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-4
1256 o A bug was fixed in edgelabels().
1258 o as.phylo.hclust() did not work correctly when the object of
1259 class "hclust" has its labels set to NULL: the returned tree has
1260 now its tip labels set to "1", "2", ...
1262 o consensus could fail if some tip labels are a subset of others
1263 (e.g., "a" and "a_1"): this is now fixed.
1265 o mlphylo() failed in most cases if some branch lengths of the
1266 initial tree were greater than one: an error message is now
1269 o mlphylo() failed in most cases when estimating the proportion of
1270 invariants: this is fixed.
1274 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-3
1279 o The new function edgelabels adds labels on the edge of the tree
1280 in the same way than nodelabels or tiplabels.
1285 o multi2di() did not handle correctly branch lengths with the
1286 default option `random = TRUE': this is now fixed.
1288 o A bug was fixed in nuc.div() when using pairwise deletions.
1290 o A bug occurred in the analysis of bipartitions with large
1291 numbers of large trees, with consequences on prop.part,
1292 prop.clades, and boot.phylo.
1294 o The calculation of the Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann distance in
1295 dist.topo was wrong: this has been fixed.
1299 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-2
1304 o The new function ladderize reorganizes the internal structure of
1305 a tree to plot them left- or right-ladderized.
1307 o The new function dist.nodes computes the patristic distances
1308 between all nodes, internal and terminal, of a tree. It replaces
1309 the option `full = TRUE' of cophenetic.phylo (see below).
1314 o A bug was fixed in old2new.phylo().
1316 o Some bugs were fixed in chronopl().
1318 o The edge colours were not correctly displayed by plot.phylo
1319 (thank you to Li-San Wang for the fix).
1321 o cophenetic.phylo() failed with multichotomous trees: this is
1327 o read.dna() now returns the sequences in a matrix if they are
1328 aligned (interleaved or sequential format). Sequences in FASTA
1329 format are still returned in a list.
1331 o The option `full' of cophenetic.phylo() has been removed because
1332 it could not be used from the generic.
1335 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
1337 o rotate() has been removed; this function did not work correctly
1342 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-1
1347 o Trees with a single tip were not read correctly in R as the
1348 element `Nnode' was not set: this is fixed.
1350 o unroot() did not set correctly the number of nodes of the
1351 unrooted tree in most cases.
1353 o read.GenBank() failed when fetching very long sequences,
1354 particularly of the BX-series.
1356 o A bug was introduced in read.tree() with ape 1.9: it has been
1361 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9
1366 o There are two new print `methods' for trees of class "phylo" and
1367 lists of trees of class "multi.tree", so that they are now
1368 displayed in a compact and informative way.
1370 o There are two new functions, old2new.phylo and new2old.phylo,
1371 for converting between the old and new coding of the class
1374 o dist.dna() has three new models: Barry and Hartigan ("BH87"),
1375 LogDet ("logdet"), and paralinear ("paralin").
1377 o compute.brlen() has been extended: several methods are now
1378 available to compute branch lengths.
1380 o write.dna() can now handle matrices as well as lists.
1385 o cophenetic.phylo() sometimes returned a wrong result with
1386 multichotomous trees: this is fixed.
1388 o rotate() failed when a single tip was specified: the tree is now
1391 o ace() did not return the correct index matrix with custom
1392 models: this is fixed.
1394 o multi2di() did not work correctly when resolving multichotomies
1395 randomly: the topology was always the same, only the arrangement
1396 of clades was randomized: this is fixed. This function now
1397 accepts trees with no branch lengths.
1399 o The output of diversi.gof() was blurred by useless prints when a
1400 user distribution was specified. This has been corrected, and
1401 the help page of this function has been expanded.
1406 o The internal structure of the class "phylo" has been changed:
1407 see the document "Definition of Formats for Coding Phylogenetic
1408 Trees in R" for the details. In addition, the code of most
1409 functions has been improved.
1411 o Several functions have been improved by replacing some R codes
1412 by C codes: pic, plot.phylo, and reorder.phylo.
1414 o There is now a citation information: see citation("ape") in R.
1416 o write.tree() now does not add extra 0's to branch lengths so
1417 that 1.23 is printed "1.23" by default, not "1.2300000000".
1419 o The syntax of bind.tree() has been simplified. This function now
1420 accepts trees with no branch lengths, and handles correctly node
1423 o The option `as.numeric' of mrca() has been removed.
1425 o The unused options `format' and `rooted' of read.tree() have
1428 o The unused option `format' of write.tree() has been removed.
1430 o The use of node.depth() has been simplified.
1434 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-5
1439 o Two new functions read.nexus.data() and write.nexus.data(),
1440 contributed by Johan Nylander, allow to read and write molecular
1441 sequences in NEXUS files.
1443 o The new function reorder.phylo() reorders the internal structure
1444 of a tree of class "phylo". It is used as the generic, e.g.,
1447 o read.tree() and read.nexus() can now read trees with a single
1450 o The new data set `cynipids' supplies a set of protein sequences
1456 o The code of all.equal.phylo() has been completely rewritten
1457 (thanks to Benoît Durand) which fixes several bugs.
1459 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now checks the labels of the tree
1460 to remove or substitute any characters that are illegal in the
1461 Newick format (parentheses, etc.)
1463 o A negative P-value could be returned by mantel.test(): this is
1468 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-4
1473 o The new function sh.test() computes the Shimodaira-
1476 o The new function collapse.singles() removes the nodes with a
1477 single descendant from a tree.
1479 o plot.phylo() has a new argument `tip.color' to specify the
1480 colours of the tips.
1482 o mlphylo() has now an option `quiet' to control the display of
1483 the progress of the analysis (the default is FALSE).
1488 o read.dna() did not read correctly sequences in sequential format
1489 with leading alignment gaps "-": this is fixed.
1491 o ace() returned a list with no class so that the generic
1492 functions (anova, logLik, ...) could not be used directly. This
1493 is fixed as ace() now returns an object of class "ace".
1495 o anova.ace() had a small bug when computing the number of degrees
1496 of freedom: this is fixed.
1498 o mlphylo() did not work when the sequences were in a matrix or
1499 a data frame: this is fixed.
1501 o rtree() did not work correctly when trying to simulate an
1502 unrooted tree with two tips: an error message is now issued.
1507 o The algorithm of rtree() has been changed: it is now about 40,
1508 100, and 130 times faster for 10, 100, and 1000 tips,
1513 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-3
1518 o There are four new `method' functions to be used with the
1519 results of ace(): logLik(), deviance(), AIC(), and anova().
1521 o The plot method of phymltest has two new arguments: `main' to
1522 change the title, and `col' to control the colour of the
1523 segments showing the AIC values.
1525 o ace() has a new argument `ip' that gives the initial values used
1526 in the ML estimation with discrete characters (see the examples
1527 in ?ace). This function now returns a matrix giving the indices
1528 of the estimated rates when analysing discrete characters.
1530 o nodelabels() and tiplabels() have a new argument `pie' to
1531 represent proportions, with any number of categories, as
1532 piecharts. The use of the option `thermo' has been improved:
1533 there is now no limitation on the number of categories.
1538 o mlphylo() did not work with more than two partitions: this is
1541 o root() failed if the proposed outgroup was already an outgroup
1542 in the tree: this is fixed.
1544 o The `col' argument in nodelabels() and tiplabels() was not
1545 correctly passed when `text' was used: this is fixed.
1547 o Two bugs were fixed in mlphylo(): parameters were not always
1548 correctly output, and the estimation failed in some cases.
1550 o plot.phylo() was stuck when given a tree with a single tip: this
1551 is fixed and a message error is now returned.
1553 o An error was corrected in the help page of gammaStat regarding
1554 the calculation of P-values.
1556 o Using gls() could crash R when the number of species in the tree
1557 and in the variables were different: this is fixed.
1561 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-2
1566 o The new function mlphylo() fits a phylogenetic tree by maximum
1567 likelihood from DNA sequences. Its companion function DNAmodel()
1568 is used to define the substitution model which may include
1569 partitioning. There are methods for logLik(), deviance(), and
1570 AIC(), and the summary() method has been extended to display in
1571 a friendly way the results of this model fitting. Currently, the
1572 functionality is limited to estimating the substitution and
1573 associated parameters and computing the likelihood.
1575 o The new function drop1.compar.gee (used as, e.g., drop1(m))
1576 tests for single effects in GEE-based comparative method. A
1577 warning message is printed if there is not enough degrees of
1583 o An error message was sometimes issued by plot.multi.tree(),
1584 though with no consequence.
1588 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-1
1593 o There is a new plot method for lists of trees (objects of class
1594 "multi.tree"): it calls plot.phylo() internally and is
1595 documented on the same help page.
1600 o A bug was fixed in the C code that analyzes bipartitions: this
1601 has impact on several functions like prop.part, prop.clades,
1602 boot.phylo, or consensus.
1604 o root() did not work correctly when the specified outgroup had
1605 more than one element: this is fixed.
1607 o dist.dna() sometimes returned a warning inappropriately: this
1610 o If the distance object given to nj() had no rownames, nj()
1611 returned a tree with no tip labels: it now returns tips labelled
1612 "1", "2", ..., corresponding to the row numbers.
1617 o nj() has been slightly changed so that tips with a zero distance
1618 are first aggregated with zero-lengthed branches; the usual NJ
1619 procedure is then performed on a distance matrix without 0's.
1623 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8
1628 o The new function chronopl() estimates dates using the penalized
1629 likelihood method by Sanderson (2002; Mol. Biol. Evol., 19:101).
1631 o The new function consensus() calculates the consensus tree of a
1634 o The new function evolve.phylo() simulates the evolution of
1635 continuous characters along a phylogeny under a Brownian model.
1637 o The new plot method for objects of class "ancestral" displays a
1638 tree together with ancestral values, as returned by the above
1641 o The new function as.phylo.formula() returns a phylogeny from a
1642 set of nested taxonomic variables given as a formula.
1644 o The new function read.caic() reads trees in CAIC format.
1646 o The new function tiplabels() allows to add labels to the tips
1647 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1649 o The new function unroot() unroots a phylogeny.
1651 o multi2di() has a new option, `random', which specifies whether
1652 to resolve the multichotomies randomly (the default) or not.
1654 o prop.part() now returns an object of class "prop.part" for which
1655 there are print (to display a partition in a more friendly way)
1656 and summary (to extract the numbers) methods.
1658 o plot.phylo() has a new option, `show.tip.label', specifying
1659 whether to print the labels of the tips. The default is TRUE.
1661 o The code of nj() has been replaced by a faster C code: it is now
1662 about 10, 25, and 40 times faster for 50, 100, and 200 taxa,
1665 o write.nexus() now writes whether a tree is rooted or not.
1670 o Two bugs have been fixed in root(): unrooted trees are now
1671 handled corretly, and node labels are now output normally.
1673 o A bug was fixed in phymltest(): the executable couldn't be found
1676 o Three bug have been fixed in ace(): computing the likelihood of
1677 ancestral states of discrete characters failed, custom models
1678 did not work, and the function failed with a null gradient (a
1679 warning message is now returned; this latter bug was also
1680 present in yule.cov() as well and is now fixed).
1682 o pic() hanged out when missing data were present: a message error
1685 o A small bug was fixed in dist.dna() where the gamma correction
1686 was not always correctly dispatched.
1688 o plot.phylo() plotted correctly the root edge only when the tree
1689 was plotted rightwards: this works now for all directions.
1694 o dist.taxo() has been renamed as weight.taxo().
1696 o dist.phylo() has been replaced by the method cophenetic.phylo().
1698 o Various error and warning messages have been improved.
1702 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.7
1705 o The new function ace() estimates ancestral character states for
1706 continuous characters (with ML, GLS, and contrasts methods), and
1707 discrete characters (with ML only) for any number of states.
1709 o The new function compar.ou() fits the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model
1710 of directional evolution for continuous characters. The user
1711 specifies the node(s) of the tree where the character optimum
1714 o The new function is.rooted() tests whether a tree (of class
1717 o The new function rcoal() generates random ultrametric trees with
1718 the possibility to specify the function that generates the
1719 inter-nodes distances.
1721 o The new function mrca() gives for all pairs of tips in a tree
1722 (and optionally nodes too) the most recent common ancestor.
1724 o nodelabels() has a new option `thermo' to plot proportions (up
1725 to three classes) on the nodes of a tree.
1727 o rtree() has been improved: it can now generate rooted or
1728 unrooted trees, and the mathematical function that generates the
1729 branch lengths may be specified by the user. The tip labels may
1730 be given directly in the call to rtree. The limit cases (n = 2,
1731 3) are now handled correctly.
1733 o dist.topo() has a new argument `method' with two choices: "PH85"
1734 for Penny and Henny's method (already available before and now
1735 the default), and "BHV01" for the geometric distance by Billera
1736 et al. (2001, Adv. Appl. Math. 27:733).
1738 o write.tree() has a new option, `digits', which specifies the
1739 number of digits to be printed in the Newick tree. By default
1740 digits = 10. The numbers are now always printed in decimal form
1741 (i.e., 1.0e-1 is now avoided).
1743 o dist.dna() can now compute the raw distances between pairs of
1744 DNA sequences by specifying model = "raw".
1746 o dist.phylo() has a new option `full' to possibly compute the
1747 distances among all tips and nodes of the tree. The default if
1753 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo().
1755 o dist.dna() did not handle correctly gaps ("-") in alignments:
1756 they are now considered as missing data.
1758 o rotate() did not work if the tips were not ordered: this is
1761 o mantel.test() returned NA in some special cases: this is fixed
1762 and the function has been improved and is now faster.
1764 o A bug was fixed in diversi.gof() where the calculation of A² was
1767 o cherry() did not work correctly under some OSs (mainly Linux):
1770 o is.binary.tree() has been modified so that it works with both
1771 rooted and unrooted trees.
1773 o The documentation of theta.s() was not correct: this has been
1776 o plot.mst() did not work correctly: this is fixed.
1780 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.6
1785 o The new function dist.topo() computes the topological distances
1788 o The new function boot.phylo() performs a bootstrap analysis on
1789 phylogeny estimation.
1791 o The new functions prop.part() and prop.clades() analyse
1792 bipartitions from a series of trees.
1797 o read.GenBank() now uses the EFetch utility of NCBI instead of
1798 the usual Web interface: it is now much faster (e.g., 12 times
1799 faster to retrieve 8 sequences, 37 times for 60 sequences).
1804 o Several bugs were fixed in read.dna().
1806 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time().
1808 o is.binary.tree() did not work correctly if the tree has no edge
1809 lengths: this is fixed.
1811 o drop.tip() did not correctly propagated the `node.label' of a
1812 tree: this is fixed.
1816 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.5
1821 o Two new functions, as.matching.phylo() and as.phylo.matching(),
1822 convert objects between the classes "phylo" and "matching". The
1823 latter implements the representation of binary trees introduced by
1824 Diaconis and Holmes (1998; PNAS 95:14600). The generic function
1825 as.matching() has been introduced as well.
1827 o Two new functions, multi2di() and di2multi(), allow to resolve
1828 and collapse multichotomies with branches of length zero.
1830 o The new function nuc.div() computes the nucleotide diversity
1831 from a sample a DNA sequences.
1833 o dist.dna() has been completely rewritten with a much faster
1834 (particularly for large data sets) C code. Eight models are
1835 available: JC69, K80, F81, K81, F84, T92, TN93, and GG95 (the
1836 option `method' has been renamed `model'). Computation of variance
1837 is available for all models. A gamma-correction is possible for
1838 JC69, K80, F81, and TN93. There is a new option, pairwise.deletion,
1839 to remove sites with missing data on a pairwise basis. The option
1840 `GCcontent' has been removed.
1842 o read.GenBank() has a new option (species.names) which specifies
1843 whether to return the species names of the organisms in addition
1844 to the accession numbers of the sequences (this is the default
1847 o write.nexus() can now write several trees in the same NEXUS file.
1849 o drop.tip() has a new option `root.edge' that allows to specify the
1850 new root edge if internal branches are trimmed.
1855 o as.phylo.hclust() failed if some labels had parentheses: this
1858 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo(). This function now
1859 returns the logical TRUE if the trees are identical but with
1860 different representations (a report was printed previously).
1862 o read.GenBank() did not correctly handle ambiguous base codes:
1868 o birthdeath() now returns an object of class "birthdeath" for
1869 which there is a print method.
1873 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.4
1878 o The new function nj() performs phylogeny estimation with the
1879 neighbor-joining method of Saitou and Nei (1987; Mol. Biol.
1882 o The new function which.edge() identifies the edges of a tree
1883 that belong to a group specified as a set of tips.
1885 o The new function as.phylo.phylog() converts an object of class
1886 "phylog" (from the package ade4) into an object of class
1889 o The new function axisPhylo() draws axes on the side of a
1892 o The new function howmanytrees() calculates the number of trees
1893 in different cases and giving a number of tips.
1895 o write.tree() has a new option `multi.line' (TRUE by default) to
1896 write a Newick tree on several lines rather than on a single
1899 o The functionalities of zoom() have been extended. Several
1900 subtrees can be visualized at the same time, and they are marked
1901 on the main tree with colors. The context of the subtrees can be
1902 marked with the option `subtree' (see below).
1904 o drop.tip() has a new option `subtree' (FALSE by default) which
1905 specifies whether to output in the tree how many tips have been
1908 o The arguments of add.scale.bar() have been redefined and have
1909 now default values (see ?add.scale.bar for details). This
1910 function now works even if the plotted tree has no edge length.
1912 o plot.phylo() can now plot radial trees, but this does not take
1913 edge lengths into account.
1915 o In plot.phylo() with `type = "phylogram"', if the values of
1916 `edge.color' and `edge.width' are identical for sister-branches,
1917 they are propagated to the vertical line that link them.
1922 o Repeated calls to as.phylo.hclust() or as.hclust.phylo() made R
1923 crashing. This is fixed.
1925 o In plot.phylo(), the options `edge.color' and `edge.width' are
1926 now properly recycled; their default values are now "black" and
1929 o A bug has been fixed in write.nexus().
1934 o The function node.depth.edgelength() has been removed and
1935 replaced by a C code.
1939 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3-1
1944 o The new function nodelabels() allows to add labels to the nodes
1945 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1947 o In plot.phylo() the arguments `x.lim' and `y.lim' can now be two
1948 numeric values specifying the lower and upper limits on the x-
1949 and y-axes. This allows to leave some space on any side of the
1950 tree. If a single value is given, this is taken as the upper
1955 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3
1960 o The new function phymltest() calls the software PHYML and fits
1961 28 models of DNA sequence evolution. There are a print method to
1962 display likelihood and AIC values, a summary method to compute
1963 the hierarchical likelihood ratio tests, and a plot method to
1964 display graphically the AIC values of each model.
1966 o The new function yule.cov() fits the Yule model with covariates,
1967 a model where the speciation rate is affected by several species
1968 traits through a generalized linear model. The parameters are
1969 estimated by maximum likelihood.
1971 o Three new functions, corBrownian(), corGrafen(), and
1972 corMartins(), compute the expected correlation structures among
1973 species given a phylogeny under different models of evolution.
1974 These can be used for GLS comparative phylogenetic methods (see
1975 the examples). There are coef() and corMatrix() methods and an
1976 Initialize.corPhyl() function associated.
1978 o The new function compar.cheverud() implements Cheverud et al.'s
1979 (1985; Evolution 39:1335) phylogenetic comparative method.
1981 o The new function varcomp() estimates variance components; it has
1984 o Two new functions, panel.superpose.correlogram() and
1985 plot.correlogramList(), allow to plot several phylogenetic
1988 o The new function node.leafnumber() computes the number of leaves
1989 of a subtree defined by a particular node.
1991 o The new function node.sons() gets all tags of son nodes from a
1994 o The new function compute.brlen() computes the branch lengths of
1995 a tree according to a specified method.
1997 o plot.phylo() has three new options: "cex" controls the size of
1998 the (tip and node) labels (thus it is no more needed to change
1999 the global graphical parameter), "direction" which allows to
2000 plot the tree rightwards, leftwards, upwards, or downwards, and
2001 "y.lim" which sets the upper limit on the y-axis.
2006 o Some functions which try to match tip labels and names of
2007 additional data (e.g. vector) are likely to fail if there are
2008 typing or syntax errors. If both series of names do not perfectly
2009 match, they are ignored and a warning message is now issued.
2010 These functions are bd.ext, compar.gee, pic. Their help pages
2011 have been clarified on this point.
2015 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-7
2020 o The new function root() reroots a phylogenetic tree with respect
2021 to a specified outgroup.
2023 o The new function rotate() rotates an internal branch of a tree.
2025 o In plot.phylo(), the new argument "lab4ut" (labels for unrooted
2026 trees) controls the display of the tip labels in unrooted trees.
2027 This display has been greatly improved: the tip labels are now not
2028 expected to overlap with the tree (particularly if lab4ut =
2029 "axial"). In all cases, combining appropriate values of "lab4ut"
2030 and the font size (via "par(cex = )") should result in readable
2031 unrooted trees. See ?plot.phylo for some examples.
2033 o In drop.tip(), the argument `tip' can now be numeric or character.
2038 o drop.tip() did not work correctly with trees with no branch
2039 lengths: this is fixed.
2041 o A bug in plot.phylo(..., type = "unrooted") made some trees being
2042 plotted with some line crossings: this is now fixed.
2046 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-6
2051 o Six new functions (Moran.I, correlogram.formula, discrete.dist,
2052 correlogram.phylo, dist.taxo, plot.correlogram) have been added
2053 to implement comparative methods with an autocorrelation approach.
2055 o A new data set describing some life history traits of Carnivores
2061 o A fix was made on mcmc.popsize() to conform to R 2.0.0.
2066 o When plotting a tree with plot.phylo(), the new default of the
2067 option `label.offset' is now 0, so the labels are always visible.
2071 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-5
2076 o The new function bd.ext() fits a birth-death model with combined
2077 phylogenetic and taxonomic data, and estimates the corresponding
2078 speciation and extinction rates.
2083 o The package gee is no more required by ape but only suggested
2084 since only the function compar.gee() calls gee.
2088 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-4
2093 o Four new functions (mcmc.popsize, extract.popsize, plot.popsize,
2094 and lines.popsize) implementing a new approach for inferring the
2095 demographic history from genealogies using a reversible jump
2096 MCMC have been introduced.
2098 o The unit of time in the skyline plot and in the new plots can
2099 now be chosen to be actual years, rather than substitutions.
2103 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-3
2108 o The new function rtree() generates a random binary tree with or
2109 without branch lengths.
2111 o Two new functions for drawing lineages-through-time (LTT) plots
2112 are provided: ltt.lines() adds a LTT curve to an existing plot,
2113 and mltt.plot() does a multiple LTT plot giving several trees as
2114 arguments (see `?ltt.plot' for details).
2119 o Some taxon names made R crashing when calling as.phylo.hclust():
2122 o dist.dna() returned an error with two identical DNA sequences
2123 (only using the Jukes-Cantor method returned 0): this is fixed.
2128 o The function dist.phylo() has been re-written using a different
2129 algorithm: it is now about four times faster.
2131 o The code of branching.times() has been improved: it is now about
2136 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-2
2141 o The new function seg.sites() finds the segregating sites in a
2142 sample of DNA sequences.
2147 o A bug introduced in read.tree() and in read.nexus() with version
2150 o A few errors were corrected and a few examples were added in the
2155 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-1
2160 o plot.phylo() can now draw the edge of the root of a tree if it
2161 has one (see the new option `root.edge', its default is FALSE).
2166 o A bug was fixed in read.nexus(): files with semicolons inside
2167 comment blocks were not read correctly.
2169 o The behaviour of read.tree() and read.nexus() was corrected so
2170 that tree files with badly represented root edges (e.g., with
2171 an extra pair of parentheses, see the help pages for details)
2172 are now correctly represented in the object of class "phylo";
2173 a warning message is now issued.
2177 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2
2182 o plot.phylo() has been completely re-written and offers several
2183 new functionalities. Three types of trees can now be drawn:
2184 phylogram (as previously), cladogram, and unrooted tree; in
2185 all three types the branch lengths can be drawn using the edge
2186 lengths of the phylogeny or not (e.g., if the latter is absent).
2187 The vertical position of the nodes can be adjusted with two
2188 choices (see option `node.pos'). The code has been re-structured,
2189 and two new functions (potentially useful for developpers) are
2190 documented separately: node.depth.edgelength() and node.depth();
2191 see the respective help pages for details.
2193 o The new function zoom() allows to explore very large trees by
2194 focusing on a small portion of it.
2196 o The new function yule() fits by maximum likelihood the Yule model
2197 (birth-only process) to a phylogenetic tree.
2199 o Support for writing DNA sequences in FASTA format has been
2200 introduced in write.dna() (support for reading sequences in
2201 this format was introduced in read.dna() in version 1.1-2).
2202 The function has been completely re-written, fixing some bugs
2203 (see below); the default behaviour is no more to display the
2204 sequences on the standard output. Several options have been
2205 introduced to control the sequence printing in a flexible
2206 way. The help page has been extended.
2208 o A new data set is included: a supertree of bats in NEXUS format.
2213 o In theta.s(), the default of the option `variance' has
2214 been changed to `FALSE' (as was indicated in the help page).
2216 o Several bugs were fixed in the code of all.equal.phylo().
2218 o Several bugs were fixed in write.dna(), particularly this
2219 function did not work with `format = "interleaved"'.
2221 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.
2226 o The argument names of as.hclust.phylo() have been changed
2227 from "(phy)" to "(x, ...)" to conform to the definition of
2228 the corresponding generic function.
2230 o gamma.stat() has been renamed gammaStat() to avoid confusion
2231 since gamma() is a generic function.
2235 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-3
2240 o base.freq() previously did not return a value of 0 for
2241 bases absent in the data (e.g., a vector of length 3 was
2242 returned if one base was absent). This is now fixed (a
2243 vector of length 4 is always returned).
2245 o Several bugs were fixed in read.nexus(), including that this
2246 function did not work in this absence of a "TRANSLATE"
2247 command in the NEXUS file, and that the commands were
2252 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-2
2257 o The Tamura and Nei (1993) model of DNA distance is now implemented
2258 in dist.dna(): five models are now available in this function.
2260 o A new data set is included: a set of 15 sequences of the
2261 cytochrome b mitochondrial gene of the woodmouse (Apodemus
2267 o A bug in read.nexus() was fixed.
2269 o read.dna() previously did not work correctly in most cases.
2270 The function has been completely re-written and its help page
2271 has been considerably extended (see ?read.dna for details).
2272 Underscores (_) in taxon names are no more replaced with
2273 spaces (this behaviour was undocumented).
2275 o A bug was fixed in write.dna().
2279 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-1
2284 o A bug in read.tree() introduced in APE 1.1 was fixed.
2286 o A bug in compar.gee() resulted in an error when trying to fit
2287 a model with `family = "binomial"'. This is now fixed.
2291 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1
2296 o The Klastorin (1982) method as suggested by Misawa and Tajima
2297 (2000, Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:1879-1884) for classifying genes
2298 on the basis of phylogenetic trees has been implemented (see
2299 the function klastorin()).
2301 o Functions have been added to convert APE's "phylo" objects in
2302 "hclust" cluster objects and vice versa (see the help page of
2303 as.phylo for details).
2305 o Three new functions, ratogram(), chronogram() and NPRS.criterion(),
2306 are introduced for the estimation of absolute evolutionary rates
2307 (ratogram) and dated clock-like trees (chronogram) from
2308 phylogenetic trees using the non-parametric rate smoothing approach
2309 by MJ Sanderson (1997, Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:1218-1231).
2311 o A summary method is now provided printing a summary information on a
2312 phylogenetic tree with, for instance, `summary(tree)'.
2314 o The behaviour of read.tree() was changed so that all spaces and
2315 tabulations in tree files are now ignored. Consequently, spaces in tip
2316 labels are no more allowed. Another side effect is that read.nexus()
2317 now does not replace the underscores (_) in tip labels with spaces
2318 (this behaviour was undocumented).
2320 o The function plot.phylo() has a new option (`underscore') which
2321 specifies whether the underscores in tip labels should be written on
2322 the plot as such or replaced with spaces (the default).
2324 o The function birthdeath() now computes 95% confidence intervals of
2325 the estimated parameters using profile likelihood.
2327 o Three new data sets are included: a gene tree estimated from 36
2328 landplant rbcL sequences, a gene tree estimated from 32 opsin
2329 sequences, and a gene tree for 50 BRCA1 mammalian sequences.
2334 o A bug was fixed in dist.gene() where nothing was returned.
2336 o A bug in plot.mst() was fixed.
2338 o A bug in vcv.phylo() resulted in false correlations when the
2339 option `cor = TRUE' was used (now fixed).
2343 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.0
2348 o Two new functions, read.dna() and write.dna(), read/write in a file
2349 DNA sequences in interleaved or in sequential format.
2351 o Two new functions, read.nexus() and write.nexus(), read/write trees
2354 o The new function bind.tree() allows to bind two trees together,
2355 possibly handling root edges to give internal branches.
2357 o The new function drop.tip() removes the tips in a phylogenetic tree,
2358 and trims (or not) the corresponding internal branches.
2360 o The new function is.ultrametric() tests if a tree is ultrametric.
2362 o The function plot.phylo() has more functionalities such as drawing the
2363 branches with different colours and/or different widths, showing the
2364 node labels, controling the position and font of the labels, rotating
2365 the labels, and controling the space around the plot.
2367 o The function read.tree() can now read trees with no branch length,
2368 such as "(a,b),c);". Consequently, the element `edge.length' in
2369 objects of class "phylo" is now optional.
2371 o The function write.tree() has a new default behaviour: if the default
2372 for the option `file' is used (i.e. file = ""), then a variable of
2373 mode character containing the tree in Newick format is returned which
2374 can thus be assigned (e.g., tree <- write.tree(phy)).
2376 o The function read.tree() has a new argument `text' which allows
2377 to read the tree in a variable of mode character.
2379 o A new data set is included: the phylogenetic relationships among
2380 the orders of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990).
2384 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2-1
2389 o Several bugs were fixed in the help pages.
2393 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2
2398 o The function write.tree() writes phylogenetic trees (objects of class
2399 "phylo") in an ASCII file using the Newick parenthetic format.
2401 o The function birthdeath() fits a birth-death model to branching times
2402 by maximum likelihood, and estimates the corresponding speciation and
2405 o The function scale.bar() adds a scale bar to a plot of a phylogenetic
2408 o The function is.binary.tree() tests whether a phylogeny is binary.
2410 o Two generic functions, coalescent.intervals() and collapsed.intervals(),
2411 as well as some methods are introduced.
2413 o Several functions, including some generics and methods, for computing
2414 skyline plot estimates (classic and generalized) of effective
2415 population size through time are introduced and replace the function
2416 skyline.plot() in version 0.1.
2418 o Two data sets are now included: the phylogenetic relationships among
2419 the families of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990), and an
2420 estimated clock-like phylogeny of HIV sequences sampled in the
2421 Democratic Republic of Congo.
2424 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
2426 o The function skyline.plot() in ape 0.1 has been deprecated and
2427 replaced by more elaborate functions (see above).
2432 o Two important bugs were fixed in plot.phylo(): phylogenies with
2433 multichotomies not at the root or not with only terminal branches,
2434 and phylogenies with a single node (i.e. only terminal branches)
2435 did not plot. These trees should be plotted correctly now.
2437 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time() in the computation of
2440 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.