1 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.7-2
6 o plot.phylo() has a new option 'draw = TRUE'. If FALSE, the tree
7 is not plotted but the graphical device is set and the
8 coordinates are saved as normal.
10 o diversity.contrast.test() gains a fourth version of the test with
11 method = "logratio"; the literature citations have been clarified.
16 o bionj() made R crash if distances were two large. It now returns
17 an error if at least one distance is greater than 100.
19 o drop.tip() returned a wrong tree if 'tip' was of zero length.
23 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.7-1
28 o The new function trex does tree exploration with multiple
31 o The new function kronoviz plots several rooted (dated) trees on
34 o identify.phylo() has a new option 'quiet' (FALSE by default).
39 o A bug was introduced in read.nexus() in ape 2.7.
41 o image.DNAbin() did not colour correctly the bases if there were
44 o .compressTipLabel() failed with a list with a single tree.
46 o identify.phylo() returned a wrong answer when the x- and y-scales
49 o write.nexus() failed with lists of trees with compressed labels.
54 o identify.phylo() now returns NULL if the user right-(instead of
55 left-)clicks (an error was returned previously).
57 o read.nexus() should be robust to commands inserted in the TREES
62 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.7
67 o There is a new image() method for "DNAbin" objects: it plots DNA
68 alignments in a flexible and efficient way.
70 o Two new functions as.network.phylo and as.igraph.phylo convert
71 trees of class "phylo" into these respective network classes
72 defined in the packages of the same names.
74 o The three new functions clustal, muscle, and tcoffee perform
75 nucleotide sequence alignment by calling the external programs
78 o Four new functions, diversity.contrast.test, mcconwaysims.test,
79 richness.yule.test, and slowinskiguyer.test, implement various
80 tests of diversification shifts using sister-clade comparisons.
82 o base.freq() gains an option 'all' to count all the possible bases
83 including the ambiguous ones (defaults to FALSE).
85 o read.nexus() now writes tree names in the NEXUS file if given a
86 list of trees with names.
91 o prop.part() failed in some situations with unrooted trees.
93 o read.nexus() shuffled node labels when a TRANSLATE block was
96 o varCompPhylip() did not work if 'exec' was specified.
98 o bind.tree() shuffled node labels when position > 0 and 'where'
104 o BaseProportion in src/dist_dna.c has been modified.
106 o A number of functions in src/tree_build.c have been modified.
108 o The matching representation has now only two columns as the third
109 column was redundant.
113 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.6-3
118 o rTraitCont() and rTraitDisc() gains a '...' argument used with
119 user-defined models (suggestion by Gene Hunt).
124 o as.hclust.phylo() now returns an error with unrooted trees.
126 o as.hclust.phylo() failed with trees with node labels (thanks to
127 Jinlong Zhang for pointing this bug out).
129 o read.dna(, "fasta") failed if sequences were not all of the same
132 o plot.phylo() did not recycle values of 'font', 'cex' and
133 'tip.color' correctly when type = "fan" or "radial".
135 o plot.phylo() ignored 'label.offset' when type = "radial", "fan", or
136 "unrooted" with lab4ut = "axial" (the placement of tip labels still
137 needs to be improved with lab4ut = "horizontal").
142 o In drop.fossil() the default tol = 0 has been raised to 1e-8.
144 o The help command ?phylo now points to the man page of read.tree()
145 where this class is described. Similarly, ?matching points to the
146 man page of as.matching().
150 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.6-2
155 o Two new functions, pic.ortho and varCompPhylip, implements the
156 orthonormal contrasts of Felsenstein (2008, Am Nat, 171:713). The
157 second function requires Phylip to be installed on the computer.
159 o bd.ext() has a new option conditional = TRUE to use probabilities
160 conditioned on no extinction for the taxonomic data.
165 o write.tree() failed to output correctly tree names.
167 o dist.nodes() returned duplicated column(s) with unrooted and/or
168 multichotomous trees.
170 o mcmc.popsize() terminated unexpectedly if the progress bar was
173 o prop.part(x) made R frozen if 'x' is of class "multiPhylo".
175 o Compilation under Mandriva failed (thanks to Jos Käfer for the fix).
177 o drop.tip() shuffled tip labels with subtree = TRUE or trim.internal
180 o Objects returned by as.hclust.phylo() failed when analysed with
181 cutree() or rect.hclust().
183 o write.tree() did not output correctly node labels (thanks to Naim
184 Matasci and Jeremy Beaulieu for the fix).
186 o ace(type = "discrete") has been improved thanks to Naim Marasci and
191 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.6-1
196 o The new function speciesTree calculates the species tree from a set
197 of gene trees. Several methods are available including maximum tree
198 and shallowest divergence tree.
203 o A bug introduced in write.tree() with ape 2.6 has been fixed.
205 o as.list.DNAbin() did not work correctly with vectors.
207 o as.hclust.phylo() failed with trees with node labels (thanks to
208 Filipe Vieira for the fix).
212 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.6
217 o The new functions rlineage and rbdtree simulate phylogenies under
218 any user-defined time-dependent speciation-extinction model. They
219 use continuous time algorithms.
221 o The new function drop.fossil removes the extinct species from a
224 o The new function bd.time fits a user-defined time-dependent
225 birth-death model. It is a generalization of yule.time() taking
226 extinction into account.
228 o The new function MPR does most parsimonious reconstruction of
231 o The new function Ftab computes the contingency table of base
232 frequencies from a pair of sequences.
234 o There is now an 'as.list' method for the class "DNAbin".
236 o dist.dna() can compute the number of transitions or transversions
237 with the option model = "Ts" or model = "Tv", respectively.
239 o [node|tip|edge]labels() gain three options with default values to
240 control the aspect of thermometers: horiz = TRUE, width = NULL,
243 o compar.gee() has been improved with the new option 'corStruct' as an
244 alternative to 'phy' to specify the correlation structure, and
245 calculation of the QIC (Pan 2001, Biometrics). The display of the
246 results has also been improved.
248 o read.GenBank() has a new option 'gene.names' to return the name of
249 the gene (FALSE by default).
254 o extract.clade() sometimes shuffled the tip labels.
256 o plot.phylo(type = "unrooted") did not force asp = 1 (thanks to Klaus
259 o dist.dna(model = "logdet") used to divide distances by 4. The
260 documentation has been clarified on the formulae used.
265 o rTraitCont(model = "OU") has an option 'linear = TRUE' to possibly
266 change the parameterisation (see ?rTraitCont for details).
268 o pic() now returns a vector with the node labels of the tree (if
271 o write.tree() and read.tree() have been substantially improved thanks
272 to contributions by Klaus Schliep.
276 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.5-3
281 o The new function mixedFontLabel helps to make labels with bits of
282 text to be plotted in different fonts.
284 o There are now replacement operators for [, [[, and $ for the class
285 "multiPhylo" (i.e., TREES[11:20] <- rmtree(10, 100)). They possibly
286 check that the tip labels are the same in all trees.
288 o Objects of class "multiPhylo" can be built with c(): there are
289 methods for the classes "phylo" and "multiPhylo".
291 o The internal functions .compressTipLabel and .uncompressTipLabel are
297 o bind.tree(x, y, where, position = 0) did not work correctly if 'y'
298 was a single-edge tree and 'where' was a tip.
300 o rTraitCont() did not use the square-root of branch lengths when
301 simulating a Brownian motion model.
305 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.5-2
310 o There is now a print method for results from ace().
312 o There is a labels() method for objects of class "DNAbin".
314 o read.dna() has a new option 'as.matrix' to possibly force sequences
315 in a FASTA file to be stored in a matrix (see ?read.dna for details).
320 o as.phylo.hclust() used to multiply edge lengths by 2.
322 o A minor bug was fixed in rTraitDisc().
324 o ace() sometimes failed (parameter value was NaN and the optimisation
330 o evolve.phylo() and plot.ancestral() have been removed.
332 o chronogram(), ratogram(), and NPRS.criterion() have been removed.
337 o nj() has been improved and is now about 30% faster.
339 o The default option 'drop' of [.DNAbin has been changed to FALSE to
340 avoid dropping rownames when selecting a single sequence.
342 o print.DNAbin() has been changed to summary.DNAbin() which has been
347 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.5-1
352 o The new function stree generates trees with regular shapes.
354 o It is now possible to bind two trees with x + y (see ?bind.tree for
357 o drop.tip(), extract.clade(), root(), and bind.tree() now have an
358 'interactive' option to make the operation on a plotted tree.
360 o cophyloplot() gains two new arguments 'lwd' and 'lty' for the
361 association links; they are recycled like 'col' (which wasn't before).
366 o rTraitDisc() did not use its 'freq' argument correctly (it was
367 multiplied with the rate matrix column-wise instead of row-wise).
369 o [node|tip|edge]labels(thermo = ) used to draw empty thermometers
370 with NA values. Nothing is drawn now like with 'text' or 'pch'.
371 The same bug occurred with the 'pie' option.
373 o A bug was fixed in compar.ou() and the help page was clarified.
375 o bind.tree() has been rewritten fixing several bugs and making it
378 o plot.phylo(type = "p") sometimes failed to colour correctly the
379 vertical lines representing the nodes.
381 o plot.phylo(direction = "l", x.lim = 30) failed to plot the branches
382 in the correct direction though the tip labels were displayed
388 o The c, cbind, and rbind methods for "DNAbin" objetcs now check that
389 the sequences are correctly stored (in a list for c, in a matrix
390 for the two other functions).
394 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.5
399 o The new function parafit by Pierre Legendre tests for the
400 coevolution between hosts and parasites. It has a companion
401 function, pcoa, that does principal coordinate decomposition.
402 The latter has a biplot method.
404 o The new function lmorigin by Pierre Legendre performs multiple
405 regression through the origin with testing by permutation.
407 o The new functions rTraitCont and rTraitDisc simulate continuous and
408 discrete traits under a wide range of evolutionary models.
410 o The new function delta.plot does a delta plot following Holland et
411 al. (2002, Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:2051).
413 o The new function edges draws additional branches between any nodes
414 and/or tips on a plotted tree.
416 o The new function fancyarrows enhances arrows from graphics with
417 triangle and harpoon heads; it can be called from edges().
419 o add.scale.bar() has a new option 'ask' to draw interactively.
421 o The branch length score replaces the geodesic distance in dist.topo.
423 o Three new data sets are included: the gopher-lice data (gopher.D),
424 SO2 air pollution in 41 US cities (lmorigin.ex1, from Sokal &
425 Rohlf 1995), and some host-parasite specificity data
426 (lmorigin.ex2, from Legendre & Desdevises 2009).
431 o add.scale.bar() drew the bar outside the plotting region with the
432 default options with unrooted or radial trees.
434 o dist.topo() made R stuck when the trees had different sizes (thanks
435 to Otto Cordero for the fix).
440 o The geodesic distance has been replaced by the branch length score
445 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.4-1
450 o rtree() and rcoal() now accept a numeric vector for the 'br'
453 o vcv() is a new generic function with methods for the classes "phylo"
454 and "corPhyl" so that it is possible to calculate the var-cov matrix
455 for "transformation models". vcv.phylo() can still be used for trees
456 of class "phylo"; its argument 'cor' has been renamed 'corr'.
461 o bind.tree() failed when 'y' had no root edge.
463 o read.nexus() shuffled tip labels when the trees have no branch
464 lengths and there is a TRANSLATE block.
466 o read.nexus() does not try to translate node labels if there is a
467 translation table in the NEXUS file. See ?read.nexus for a
468 clarification on this behaviour.
470 o plot.multiPhylo() crashed R when plotting a list of trees with
471 compressed tip labels.
473 o write.nexus() did not translate the taxa names when asked for.
475 o plot.phylo(type = "fan") did not rotate the tip labels correctly
476 when the tree has branch lengths.
478 o ace(type = "continuous", method = "ML") now avoids sigma² being
479 negative (which resulted in an error).
481 o nj() crashed with NA/NaN in the distance matrix: an error in now
486 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.4
491 o base.freq() has a new option 'freq' to return the counts; the
492 default is still to return the proportions.
497 o seg.sites() did not handle ambiguous nucleotides correctly: they
500 o plot(phy, root.edge = TRUE) failed if there was no $root.edge in
501 the tree: the argument is now ignored.
503 o add.scale.bar() failed when 'x' and 'y' were given (thanks to Janet
509 o Trying to plot a tree with a single tip now returns NULL with a
510 warning (it returned an error previously).
512 o The way lines representing nodes are coloured in phylograms has
513 been modified (as well as their widths and types) following some
514 users' request; this is only for dichotomous nodes.
516 o The argument 'adj' in [node][tip][edge]labels() now works when
517 using 'pie' or 'thermo'.
519 o A more informative message error is now returned by dist.dna() when
520 'model' is badly specified (partial matching of this argument is
523 o Deprecated functions are now listed in a help page: see
524 help("ape-defunct") with the quotes.
529 o The functions heterozygosity, nuc.div, theta.h, theta.k and
530 theta.s have been moved from ape to pegas.
532 o The functions mlphylo, DNAmodel and sh.test have been removed.
536 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3-3
541 o add.scale.bar() always drew a horizontal bar.
543 o zoom() shuffled tips with unrooted trees.
545 o write.nexus() failed to write correctly trees with a "TipLabel"
548 o rcoal() failed to compute branch lengths with very large n.
550 o A small bug was fixed in compar.cheverud() (thanks to Michael
553 o seg.sites() failed when passing a vector.
555 o drop.tip() sometimes shuffled tip labels.
557 o root() shuffled node labels with 'resolve.root = TRUE'.
561 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3-2
566 o all.equal.phylo() did not compare unrooted trees correctly.
568 o dist.topo(... method = "PH85") did not treat unrooted trees
569 correctly (thanks to Tim Wallstrom for the fix).
571 o root() sometimes failed to test for the monophyly of the
574 o extract.clade() sometimes included too many edges.
576 o vcv.phylo() did not work correctly when the tree is in
579 o nj() did not handle correctly distance matrices with many 0's.
580 The code has also been significantly improved: 7, 70, 160 times
581 faster with n = 100, 500, 1000, respectively.
585 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3-1
590 o The new function is.monophyletic tests the monophyly of a group.
592 o There is now a c() method for lists of class "DNAbin".
594 o yule.cov() now fits the null model, and its help page has been
595 corrected with respect to this change.
597 o drop.tip() has a new option 'rooted' to force (or not) a tree
598 to be treated as (un)rooted.
603 o dist.gene() failed on most occasions with the default
604 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
606 o read.tree() failed to read correctly the tree name(s).
608 o boot.phylo() now treats correctly data frames.
610 o del.gaps() did not copy the rownames of a matrix.
612 o A small bug was fixed in CDAM.global().
614 o ace() failed with large data sets. Thanks to Rich FitzJohn for
615 the fix. With other improvements, this function is now about 6
618 o write.tree() failed with objects of class "multiPhylo".
620 o drop.tip(, subtree = TRUE) sometimes shuffled tip labels.
625 o [.multiPhylo and [.DNAbin now respect the original class.
627 o Instances of the form class(phy) == "phylo" have been replaced
628 by inherits(phy, "phylo").
630 o rcoal() is now faster.
635 o klastorin() has been removed.
639 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3
644 o The new functions CADM.global and CADM.post, contributed by
645 Pierre Legendre, test the congruence among several distance
648 o The new function yule.time fits a user-defined time-dependent
649 Yule model by maximum likelihood.
651 o The new function makeNodeLabel creates and/or modifies node
652 labels in a flexible way.
654 o read.tree() and write.tree() have been modified so that they can
655 handle individual tree names.
657 o plot.phylo() has a new argument 'edge.lty' that specifies the
658 types of lines used for the edges (plain, dotted, dashed, ...)
660 o phymltest() has been updated to work with PhyML 3.0.1.
665 o drop.tip() shuffled tip labels in some cases.
667 o drop.tip() did not handle node.label correctly.
669 o is.ultrametric() now checks the ordering of the edge matrix.
671 o ace() sometimes returned negative values of likelihoods of
672 ancestral states (thanks to Dan Rabosky for solving this long
678 o The data set xenarthra has been removed.
682 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-4
686 o The bug fix in read.nexus() in version 2.2-3 was wrong: this is
687 now fixed. (Thanks to Peter Wragg for the fix!)
689 o A warning message occurred for no reason with ace(method="GLS").
694 o There is now a general help page displayed with '?ape'.
698 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-3
703 o The new function extract.clade extracts a clade from a tree by
704 specifying a node number or label.
706 o fastme.bal() has two new options 'spr' and 'tbr' to perform tree
707 operations of the same names.
709 o dist.dna() can now return the number of site differences by
710 specifying model="N".
715 o chronopl() did not work with CV = TRUE.
717 o read.nexus() did not work correctly in some situations (trees on
718 multiple lines with different numbers of lines and/or with
719 comments inserted within the trees).
721 o ltt.plot(), ltt.lines(), and mltt.plot() did not count correctly
722 the number of lineages with non-binary trees.
727 o ape has now a namespace.
729 o drop.tip() has been improved: it should be much faster and work
730 better in some cases (e.g., see the example in ?zoom).
734 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-2
739 o dist.gene() has been substantially improved and gains an option
742 o cbind.DNAbin() has a new option 'fill.with.gaps' and is now
748 o prop.part() failed with a single tree with the default option
749 'check.labels = TRUE'.
751 o summary.DNAbin() failed to display correctly the summary of
752 sequence lengths with lists of sequences of 10,000 bases or more
753 (because summary.default uses 4 significant digits by default).
755 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree with line
756 breaks in the Newick string.
758 o del.gaps() returned a list of empty sequences when there were no
764 o phymltest() has been updated for PhyML 3.0 and gains an option
765 'append', whereas the option 'path2exec' has been removed.
767 o rbind.DNAbin() and cbind.DNAbin() now accept a single matrix
768 which is returned unchanged (instead of an error).
770 o The data sets bird.orders and bird.families are now stored as
771 Newick strings; i.e., the command data(bird.orders) calls
776 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-1
781 o The new function makeLabel() helps to modify labels of trees,
782 lists of trees, or DNA sequences, with several utilities to
783 truncate and/or make them unique, substituting some
784 characters, and so on.
786 o The new function del.gaps() removes insertion gaps ("-") in a
787 set of DNA sequences.
789 o read.dna() can now read Clustal files (*.aln).
794 o root() failed with 'resolve.root = TRUE' when the root was
795 already the specified root.
797 o Several bugs were fixed in mlphylo().
799 o collapsed.singles() did not propagate the 'Nnode' and
800 'node.labels' elements (thanks to Elizabeth Purdom for the fix).
802 o read.nexus() failed to remove correctly the comments within
805 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree and no
806 translation of tip labels.
808 o read.nexus() failed to place correctly tip labels when reading
809 a single tree with no edge lengths.
811 o A bug was fixed in sh.test().
816 o unique.multiPhylo() is faster thanks to a suggestion by Vladimir
819 o The option 'check.labels' of consensus() and prop.part() is now
822 o write.dna() now does not truncate names to 10 characters with
827 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2
832 o Four new functions have been written by Damien de Vienne for the
833 graphical exploration of large trees (cophyloplot, subtrees,
834 subtreeplot), and to return the graphical coordinates of tree
837 o The new functions corPagel and corBlomberg implement the Pagel's
838 "lambda" and Blomberg et al.'s "ACDC" correlation structures.
840 o chronopl() has been improved and gains several options: see its
841 help page for details.
843 o boot.phylo() has now an option 'trees' to possibly return the
844 bootstraped trees (the default is FALSE).
846 o prop.part() has been improved and should now be faster in all
852 o read.dna() failed if "?" occurred in the first 10 sites of the
855 o The x/y aspect of the plot is now respected when plotting a
856 circular tree (type = "r" or "f").
858 o Drawing the tip labels sometimes failed when plotting circular
861 o zoom() failed when tip labels were used instead of their numbers
862 (thanks to Yan Wong for the fix).
864 o drop.tip() failed with some trees (fixed by Yan Wong).
866 o seg.sites() failed with a list.
868 o consensus() failed in some cases. The function has been improved
869 as well and is faster.
873 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-3
878 o A bug in read.nexus() made the Windows R-GUI crash.
880 o An error was fixed in the computation of ancestral character
881 states by generalized least squares in ace().
883 o di2multi() did not modify node labels correctly.
885 o multi2di() failed if the tree had its attribute "order" set to
890 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-2
895 o There three new methods for the "multiPhylo" class: str, $,
898 o root() gains the options 'node' and 'resolve.root'
899 (FALSE by default) as well as its code being improved.
901 o mltt.plot() has now an option 'log' used in the same way
902 than in plot.default().
907 o mltt.plot() failed to display the legend with an unnamed
910 o nodelabels() with pies now correcly uses the argument
911 'cex' to draw symbols of different sizes (which has
912 worked already for thermometers).
914 o read.nexus() generally failed to read very big files.
919 o The argument 'family' of compar.gee() can now be a function
920 as well as a character string.
922 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an unnamed list if
925 o read.nexus() now returns a modified object of class "multiPhylo"
926 when there is a TRANSLATE block in the NEXUS file: the individual
927 trees have no 'tip.label' vector, but the list has a 'TipLabel'
928 attribute. The new methods '$' and '[[' set these elements
929 correctly when extracting trees.
933 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-1
938 o The new function rmtree generates lists of random trees.
940 o rcoal() now generates a genuine coalescent tree by default
941 (thanks to Vladimir Minin for the code).
946 o nuc.div() returned an incorrect value with the default
947 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
952 o The internal codes of bionj(), fastme.bal(), and fastme.ols()
953 have been improved so that they are stabler and faster.
955 o R packages used by ape are now loaded silently; lattice and gee
956 are loaded only when needed.
960 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1
965 o The new function identify.phylo identifies clades on a plotted
966 tree using the mouse.
968 o It is now possible to subset a list of trees (object of class
969 "multiPhylo") with "[" while keeping its class correct.
971 o The new function as.DNAbin.alignment converts DNA sequences
972 stored in the "alignment" format of the package seqinr into
973 an object of class "DNAbin".
975 o The new function weight.taxo2 helps to build similarity matrices
976 given two taxonomic levels (usually called by other functions).
978 o write.tree() can now take a list of trees (class "multiPhylo")
979 as its main argument.
981 o plot.correlogram() and plot.correlogramList() have been
982 improved, and gain several options (see the help page for
983 details). A legend is now plotted by default.
988 o dist.dna() returned some incorrect values with `model = "JC69"'
989 and `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'. This affected only the
990 distances involving sequences with missing values. (Thanks
991 to Bruno Toupance for digging this bug out.)
993 o write.tree() failed with some trees: this is fixed by removing
994 the `multi.line' option (trees are now always printed on a
997 o read.nexus() did not correctly detect trees with multiple root
998 edges (see OTHER CHANGES).
1003 o The code of mlphylo() has been almost entirely rewritten, and
1004 should be much stabler. The options have been also greatly
1005 simplified (see ?mlphylo and ?DNAmodel for details).
1007 o The internal function nTips has been renamed klastorin_nTips.
1009 o The code of is.ultrametric() contained redundancies and has
1012 o The code of Moran.I() and of correlogram.formula() have been
1015 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an error when trying to
1016 read a tree with multiple root edges (see BUG FIXES). The
1017 correction applied in previous version did not work in all
1020 o The class c("multi.tree", "phylo") has been renamed
1026 o There is now a vignette in ape: see vignette("MoranI", "ape").
1029 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
1031 o as.matching() and as.phylo.matching() do not support branch
1034 o correlogram.phylo() and discrete.dist() have been removed.
1038 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-2
1043 o The new function matexpo computes the exponential of a square
1046 o The new function unique.multi.tree removes duplicate trees from
1049 o yule() has a new option `use.root.edge = FALSE' that specifies
1050 to ignore, by default, the root edge of the tree if it exists.
1055 o which.edge() failed when the index of a single terminal edge was
1058 o In diversi.time(), the values returned for model C were
1061 o A bug was fixed in yule() that affected the calculation of the
1062 likelihood in the presence of ties in the branching times.
1064 o There was a bug in the C function mat_expo4x4 affecting the
1065 calculations of the transition probabilities for models HKY and
1068 o A small bug was fixed in as.matrix.DNAbin (thanks to James
1071 o rtree() did not `shuffle' the tip labels by default, so only a
1072 limited number of labelled topologies could be generated.
1076 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-1
1081 o The three new functions bionj, fastme.ols, and fastme.bal
1082 perform phylogeny estimation by the BIONJ and fastME methods in
1083 OLS and balanced versions. This is a port to R of previous
1084 previous programs done by Vincent Lefort.
1086 o The new function chronoMPL performs molecular dating with the
1087 mean path lengths method of Britton et al. (2002, Mol. Phyl.
1090 o The new function rotate, contributed by Christoph Heibl, swaps
1091 two clades connected to the same node. It works also with
1092 multichotomous nodes.
1094 o The new `method' as.matrix.DNAbin() may be used to convert
1095 easily DNA sequences stored in a list into a matrix while
1096 keeping the names and the class.
1101 o chronopl() failed when some branch lengths were equal to zero:
1102 an error message is now returned.
1104 o di2multi() failed when there was a series of consecutive edges
1109 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-2
1114 o plot.phylo() can now plot circular trees: the option is type =
1115 "fan" or type = "f" (to avoid the ambiguity with type = "c").
1117 o prop.part() has a new option `check.labels = FALSE' which allows
1118 to considerably speed-up the calculations of bipartitions. As a
1119 consequence, calculations of bootstrap values with boot.phylo()
1120 should be much faster.
1125 o read.GenBank() did not return correctly the list of species as
1126 from ape 1.10: this is fixed in this version
1128 o Applying as.phylo() on a tree of class "phylo" failed: the
1129 object is now returned unchanged.
1133 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-1
1138 o The three new functions Ntip, Nnode, and Nedge return, for a
1139 given tree, the number of tips, nodes, or edges, respectively.
1144 o read.nexus() did not set correctly the class of the returned
1145 object when reading multiple trees.
1147 o mllt.plot() failed with objects of class c("multi.tree",
1150 o unroot() did not work correctly in most cases.
1152 o reorder.phylo() made R freeze in some occasions.
1154 o Plotting a tree in pruningwise order failed.
1156 o When plotting an unrooted tree, the tip labels where not all
1157 correctly positioned if the option `cex' was used.
1161 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10
1166 o Five new `method' functions have been introduced to manipulate
1167 DNA sequences in binary format (see below).
1169 o Three new functions have been introduced to convert between the
1170 new binary and the character formats.
1172 o The new function as.alignment converts DNA sequences stored as
1173 single characters into the class "alignment" used by the package
1176 o read.dna() and read.GenBank() have a new argument `as.character'
1177 controlling whether the sequences are returned in binary format
1183 o root() failed when the tree had node labels: this is fixed.
1185 o plot.phylo() did not correctly set the limits on the y-axis with
1186 the default setting: this is fixed.
1188 o dist.dna() returned a wrong result for the LogDet, paralinear,
1189 and BH87 models with `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'.
1194 o DNA sequences are now internally stored in a binary format. See
1195 the document "A Bit-Level Coding Scheme for Nucleotides" for the
1196 details. Most functions analyzing DNA functions have been
1197 modified accordingly and are now much faster (dist.dna is now
1198 ca. 60 times faster).
1202 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-4
1207 o A bug was fixed in edgelabels().
1209 o as.phylo.hclust() did not work correctly when the object of
1210 class "hclust" has its labels set to NULL: the returned tree has
1211 now its tip labels set to "1", "2", ...
1213 o consensus could fail if some tip labels are a subset of others
1214 (e.g., "a" and "a_1"): this is now fixed.
1216 o mlphylo() failed in most cases if some branch lengths of the
1217 initial tree were greater than one: an error message is now
1220 o mlphylo() failed in most cases when estimating the proportion of
1221 invariants: this is fixed.
1225 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-3
1230 o The new function edgelabels adds labels on the edge of the tree
1231 in the same way than nodelabels or tiplabels.
1236 o multi2di() did not handle correctly branch lengths with the
1237 default option `random = TRUE': this is now fixed.
1239 o A bug was fixed in nuc.div() when using pairwise deletions.
1241 o A bug occurred in the analysis of bipartitions with large
1242 numbers of large trees, with consequences on prop.part,
1243 prop.clades, and boot.phylo.
1245 o The calculation of the Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann distance in
1246 dist.topo was wrong: this has been fixed.
1250 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-2
1255 o The new function ladderize reorganizes the internal structure of
1256 a tree to plot them left- or right-ladderized.
1258 o The new function dist.nodes computes the patristic distances
1259 between all nodes, internal and terminal, of a tree. It replaces
1260 the option `full = TRUE' of cophenetic.phylo (see below).
1265 o A bug was fixed in old2new.phylo().
1267 o Some bugs were fixed in chronopl().
1269 o The edge colours were not correctly displayed by plot.phylo
1270 (thank you to Li-San Wang for the fix).
1272 o cophenetic.phylo() failed with multichotomous trees: this is
1278 o read.dna() now returns the sequences in a matrix if they are
1279 aligned (interleaved or sequential format). Sequences in FASTA
1280 format are still returned in a list.
1282 o The option `full' of cophenetic.phylo() has been removed because
1283 it could not be used from the generic.
1286 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
1288 o rotate() has been removed; this function did not work correctly
1293 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-1
1298 o Trees with a single tip were not read correctly in R as the
1299 element `Nnode' was not set: this is fixed.
1301 o unroot() did not set correctly the number of nodes of the
1302 unrooted tree in most cases.
1304 o read.GenBank() failed when fetching very long sequences,
1305 particularly of the BX-series.
1307 o A bug was introduced in read.tree() with ape 1.9: it has been
1312 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9
1317 o There are two new print `methods' for trees of class "phylo" and
1318 lists of trees of class "multi.tree", so that they are now
1319 displayed in a compact and informative way.
1321 o There are two new functions, old2new.phylo and new2old.phylo,
1322 for converting between the old and new coding of the class
1325 o dist.dna() has three new models: Barry and Hartigan ("BH87"),
1326 LogDet ("logdet"), and paralinear ("paralin").
1328 o compute.brlen() has been extended: several methods are now
1329 available to compute branch lengths.
1331 o write.dna() can now handle matrices as well as lists.
1336 o cophenetic.phylo() sometimes returned a wrong result with
1337 multichotomous trees: this is fixed.
1339 o rotate() failed when a single tip was specified: the tree is now
1342 o ace() did not return the correct index matrix with custom
1343 models: this is fixed.
1345 o multi2di() did not work correctly when resolving multichotomies
1346 randomly: the topology was always the same, only the arrangement
1347 of clades was randomized: this is fixed. This function now
1348 accepts trees with no branch lengths.
1350 o The output of diversi.gof() was blurred by useless prints when a
1351 user distribution was specified. This has been corrected, and
1352 the help page of this function has been expanded.
1357 o The internal structure of the class "phylo" has been changed:
1358 see the document "Definition of Formats for Coding Phylogenetic
1359 Trees in R" for the details. In addition, the code of most
1360 functions has been improved.
1362 o Several functions have been improved by replacing some R codes
1363 by C codes: pic, plot.phylo, and reorder.phylo.
1365 o There is now a citation information: see citation("ape") in R.
1367 o write.tree() now does not add extra 0's to branch lengths so
1368 that 1.23 is printed "1.23" by default, not "1.2300000000".
1370 o The syntax of bind.tree() has been simplified. This function now
1371 accepts trees with no branch lengths, and handles correctly node
1374 o The option `as.numeric' of mrca() has been removed.
1376 o The unused options `format' and `rooted' of read.tree() have
1379 o The unused option `format' of write.tree() has been removed.
1381 o The use of node.depth() has been simplified.
1385 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-5
1390 o Two new functions read.nexus.data() and write.nexus.data(),
1391 contributed by Johan Nylander, allow to read and write molecular
1392 sequences in NEXUS files.
1394 o The new function reorder.phylo() reorders the internal structure
1395 of a tree of class "phylo". It is used as the generic, e.g.,
1398 o read.tree() and read.nexus() can now read trees with a single
1401 o The new data set `cynipids' supplies a set of protein sequences
1407 o The code of all.equal.phylo() has been completely rewritten
1408 (thanks to Benoît Durand) which fixes several bugs.
1410 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now checks the labels of the tree
1411 to remove or substitute any characters that are illegal in the
1412 Newick format (parentheses, etc.)
1414 o A negative P-value could be returned by mantel.test(): this is
1419 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-4
1424 o The new function sh.test() computes the Shimodaira-
1427 o The new function collapse.singles() removes the nodes with a
1428 single descendant from a tree.
1430 o plot.phylo() has a new argument `tip.color' to specify the
1431 colours of the tips.
1433 o mlphylo() has now an option `quiet' to control the display of
1434 the progress of the analysis (the default is FALSE).
1439 o read.dna() did not read correctly sequences in sequential format
1440 with leading alignment gaps "-": this is fixed.
1442 o ace() returned a list with no class so that the generic
1443 functions (anova, logLik, ...) could not be used directly. This
1444 is fixed as ace() now returns an object of class "ace".
1446 o anova.ace() had a small bug when computing the number of degrees
1447 of freedom: this is fixed.
1449 o mlphylo() did not work when the sequences were in a matrix or
1450 a data frame: this is fixed.
1452 o rtree() did not work correctly when trying to simulate an
1453 unrooted tree with two tips: an error message is now issued.
1458 o The algorithm of rtree() has been changed: it is now about 40,
1459 100, and 130 times faster for 10, 100, and 1000 tips,
1464 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-3
1469 o There are four new `method' functions to be used with the
1470 results of ace(): logLik(), deviance(), AIC(), and anova().
1472 o The plot method of phymltest has two new arguments: `main' to
1473 change the title, and `col' to control the colour of the
1474 segments showing the AIC values.
1476 o ace() has a new argument `ip' that gives the initial values used
1477 in the ML estimation with discrete characters (see the examples
1478 in ?ace). This function now returns a matrix giving the indices
1479 of the estimated rates when analysing discrete characters.
1481 o nodelabels() and tiplabels() have a new argument `pie' to
1482 represent proportions, with any number of categories, as
1483 piecharts. The use of the option `thermo' has been improved:
1484 there is now no limitation on the number of categories.
1489 o mlphylo() did not work with more than two partitions: this is
1492 o root() failed if the proposed outgroup was already an outgroup
1493 in the tree: this is fixed.
1495 o The `col' argument in nodelabels() and tiplabels() was not
1496 correctly passed when `text' was used: this is fixed.
1498 o Two bugs were fixed in mlphylo(): parameters were not always
1499 correctly output, and the estimation failed in some cases.
1501 o plot.phylo() was stuck when given a tree with a single tip: this
1502 is fixed and a message error is now returned.
1504 o An error was corrected in the help page of gammaStat regarding
1505 the calculation of P-values.
1507 o Using gls() could crash R when the number of species in the tree
1508 and in the variables were different: this is fixed.
1512 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-2
1517 o The new function mlphylo() fits a phylogenetic tree by maximum
1518 likelihood from DNA sequences. Its companion function DNAmodel()
1519 is used to define the substitution model which may include
1520 partitioning. There are methods for logLik(), deviance(), and
1521 AIC(), and the summary() method has been extended to display in
1522 a friendly way the results of this model fitting. Currently, the
1523 functionality is limited to estimating the substitution and
1524 associated parameters and computing the likelihood.
1526 o The new function drop1.compar.gee (used as, e.g., drop1(m))
1527 tests for single effects in GEE-based comparative method. A
1528 warning message is printed if there is not enough degrees of
1534 o An error message was sometimes issued by plot.multi.tree(),
1535 though with no consequence.
1539 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-1
1544 o There is a new plot method for lists of trees (objects of class
1545 "multi.tree"): it calls plot.phylo() internally and is
1546 documented on the same help page.
1551 o A bug was fixed in the C code that analyzes bipartitions: this
1552 has impact on several functions like prop.part, prop.clades,
1553 boot.phylo, or consensus.
1555 o root() did not work correctly when the specified outgroup had
1556 more than one element: this is fixed.
1558 o dist.dna() sometimes returned a warning inappropriately: this
1561 o If the distance object given to nj() had no rownames, nj()
1562 returned a tree with no tip labels: it now returns tips labelled
1563 "1", "2", ..., corresponding to the row numbers.
1568 o nj() has been slightly changed so that tips with a zero distance
1569 are first aggregated with zero-lengthed branches; the usual NJ
1570 procedure is then performed on a distance matrix without 0's.
1574 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8
1579 o The new function chronopl() estimates dates using the penalized
1580 likelihood method by Sanderson (2002; Mol. Biol. Evol., 19:101).
1582 o The new function consensus() calculates the consensus tree of a
1585 o The new function evolve.phylo() simulates the evolution of
1586 continuous characters along a phylogeny under a Brownian model.
1588 o The new plot method for objects of class "ancestral" displays a
1589 tree together with ancestral values, as returned by the above
1592 o The new function as.phylo.formula() returns a phylogeny from a
1593 set of nested taxonomic variables given as a formula.
1595 o The new function read.caic() reads trees in CAIC format.
1597 o The new function tiplabels() allows to add labels to the tips
1598 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1600 o The new function unroot() unroots a phylogeny.
1602 o multi2di() has a new option, `random', which specifies whether
1603 to resolve the multichotomies randomly (the default) or not.
1605 o prop.part() now returns an object of class "prop.part" for which
1606 there are print (to display a partition in a more friendly way)
1607 and summary (to extract the numbers) methods.
1609 o plot.phylo() has a new option, `show.tip.label', specifying
1610 whether to print the labels of the tips. The default is TRUE.
1612 o The code of nj() has been replaced by a faster C code: it is now
1613 about 10, 25, and 40 times faster for 50, 100, and 200 taxa,
1616 o write.nexus() now writes whether a tree is rooted or not.
1621 o Two bugs have been fixed in root(): unrooted trees are now
1622 handled corretly, and node labels are now output normally.
1624 o A bug was fixed in phymltest(): the executable couldn't be found
1627 o Three bug have been fixed in ace(): computing the likelihood of
1628 ancestral states of discrete characters failed, custom models
1629 did not work, and the function failed with a null gradient (a
1630 warning message is now returned; this latter bug was also
1631 present in yule.cov() as well and is now fixed).
1633 o pic() hanged out when missing data were present: a message error
1636 o A small bug was fixed in dist.dna() where the gamma correction
1637 was not always correctly dispatched.
1639 o plot.phylo() plotted correctly the root edge only when the tree
1640 was plotted rightwards: this works now for all directions.
1645 o dist.taxo() has been renamed as weight.taxo().
1647 o dist.phylo() has been replaced by the method cophenetic.phylo().
1649 o Various error and warning messages have been improved.
1653 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.7
1656 o The new function ace() estimates ancestral character states for
1657 continuous characters (with ML, GLS, and contrasts methods), and
1658 discrete characters (with ML only) for any number of states.
1660 o The new function compar.ou() fits the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model
1661 of directional evolution for continuous characters. The user
1662 specifies the node(s) of the tree where the character optimum
1665 o The new function is.rooted() tests whether a tree (of class
1668 o The new function rcoal() generates random ultrametric trees with
1669 the possibility to specify the function that generates the
1670 inter-nodes distances.
1672 o The new function mrca() gives for all pairs of tips in a tree
1673 (and optionally nodes too) the most recent common ancestor.
1675 o nodelabels() has a new option `thermo' to plot proportions (up
1676 to three classes) on the nodes of a tree.
1678 o rtree() has been improved: it can now generate rooted or
1679 unrooted trees, and the mathematical function that generates the
1680 branch lengths may be specified by the user. The tip labels may
1681 be given directly in the call to rtree. The limit cases (n = 2,
1682 3) are now handled correctly.
1684 o dist.topo() has a new argument `method' with two choices: "PH85"
1685 for Penny and Henny's method (already available before and now
1686 the default), and "BHV01" for the geometric distance by Billera
1687 et al. (2001, Adv. Appl. Math. 27:733).
1689 o write.tree() has a new option, `digits', which specifies the
1690 number of digits to be printed in the Newick tree. By default
1691 digits = 10. The numbers are now always printed in decimal form
1692 (i.e., 1.0e-1 is now avoided).
1694 o dist.dna() can now compute the raw distances between pairs of
1695 DNA sequences by specifying model = "raw".
1697 o dist.phylo() has a new option `full' to possibly compute the
1698 distances among all tips and nodes of the tree. The default if
1704 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo().
1706 o dist.dna() did not handle correctly gaps ("-") in alignments:
1707 they are now considered as missing data.
1709 o rotate() did not work if the tips were not ordered: this is
1712 o mantel.test() returned NA in some special cases: this is fixed
1713 and the function has been improved and is now faster.
1715 o A bug was fixed in diversi.gof() where the calculation of A² was
1718 o cherry() did not work correctly under some OSs (mainly Linux):
1721 o is.binary.tree() has been modified so that it works with both
1722 rooted and unrooted trees.
1724 o The documentation of theta.s() was not correct: this has been
1727 o plot.mst() did not work correctly: this is fixed.
1731 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.6
1736 o The new function dist.topo() computes the topological distances
1739 o The new function boot.phylo() performs a bootstrap analysis on
1740 phylogeny estimation.
1742 o The new functions prop.part() and prop.clades() analyse
1743 bipartitions from a series of trees.
1748 o read.GenBank() now uses the EFetch utility of NCBI instead of
1749 the usual Web interface: it is now much faster (e.g., 12 times
1750 faster to retrieve 8 sequences, 37 times for 60 sequences).
1755 o Several bugs were fixed in read.dna().
1757 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time().
1759 o is.binary.tree() did not work correctly if the tree has no edge
1760 lengths: this is fixed.
1762 o drop.tip() did not correctly propagated the `node.label' of a
1763 tree: this is fixed.
1767 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.5
1772 o Two new functions, as.matching.phylo() and as.phylo.matching(),
1773 convert objects between the classes "phylo" and "matching". The
1774 latter implements the representation of binary trees introduced by
1775 Diaconis and Holmes (1998; PNAS 95:14600). The generic function
1776 as.matching() has been introduced as well.
1778 o Two new functions, multi2di() and di2multi(), allow to resolve
1779 and collapse multichotomies with branches of length zero.
1781 o The new function nuc.div() computes the nucleotide diversity
1782 from a sample a DNA sequences.
1784 o dist.dna() has been completely rewritten with a much faster
1785 (particularly for large data sets) C code. Eight models are
1786 available: JC69, K80, F81, K81, F84, T92, TN93, and GG95 (the
1787 option `method' has been renamed `model'). Computation of variance
1788 is available for all models. A gamma-correction is possible for
1789 JC69, K80, F81, and TN93. There is a new option, pairwise.deletion,
1790 to remove sites with missing data on a pairwise basis. The option
1791 `GCcontent' has been removed.
1793 o read.GenBank() has a new option (species.names) which specifies
1794 whether to return the species names of the organisms in addition
1795 to the accession numbers of the sequences (this is the default
1798 o write.nexus() can now write several trees in the same NEXUS file.
1800 o drop.tip() has a new option `root.edge' that allows to specify the
1801 new root edge if internal branches are trimmed.
1806 o as.phylo.hclust() failed if some labels had parentheses: this
1809 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo(). This function now
1810 returns the logical TRUE if the trees are identical but with
1811 different representations (a report was printed previously).
1813 o read.GenBank() did not correctly handle ambiguous base codes:
1819 o birthdeath() now returns an object of class "birthdeath" for
1820 which there is a print method.
1824 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.4
1829 o The new function nj() performs phylogeny estimation with the
1830 neighbor-joining method of Saitou and Nei (1987; Mol. Biol.
1833 o The new function which.edge() identifies the edges of a tree
1834 that belong to a group specified as a set of tips.
1836 o The new function as.phylo.phylog() converts an object of class
1837 "phylog" (from the package ade4) into an object of class
1840 o The new function axisPhylo() draws axes on the side of a
1843 o The new function howmanytrees() calculates the number of trees
1844 in different cases and giving a number of tips.
1846 o write.tree() has a new option `multi.line' (TRUE by default) to
1847 write a Newick tree on several lines rather than on a single
1850 o The functionalities of zoom() have been extended. Several
1851 subtrees can be visualized at the same time, and they are marked
1852 on the main tree with colors. The context of the subtrees can be
1853 marked with the option `subtree' (see below).
1855 o drop.tip() has a new option `subtree' (FALSE by default) which
1856 specifies whether to output in the tree how many tips have been
1859 o The arguments of add.scale.bar() have been redefined and have
1860 now default values (see ?add.scale.bar for details). This
1861 function now works even if the plotted tree has no edge length.
1863 o plot.phylo() can now plot radial trees, but this does not take
1864 edge lengths into account.
1866 o In plot.phylo() with `type = "phylogram"', if the values of
1867 `edge.color' and `edge.width' are identical for sister-branches,
1868 they are propagated to the vertical line that link them.
1873 o Repeated calls to as.phylo.hclust() or as.hclust.phylo() made R
1874 crashing. This is fixed.
1876 o In plot.phylo(), the options `edge.color' and `edge.width' are
1877 now properly recycled; their default values are now "black" and
1880 o A bug has been fixed in write.nexus().
1885 o The function node.depth.edgelength() has been removed and
1886 replaced by a C code.
1890 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3-1
1895 o The new function nodelabels() allows to add labels to the nodes
1896 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1898 o In plot.phylo() the arguments `x.lim' and `y.lim' can now be two
1899 numeric values specifying the lower and upper limits on the x-
1900 and y-axes. This allows to leave some space on any side of the
1901 tree. If a single value is given, this is taken as the upper
1906 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3
1911 o The new function phymltest() calls the software PHYML and fits
1912 28 models of DNA sequence evolution. There are a print method to
1913 display likelihood and AIC values, a summary method to compute
1914 the hierarchical likelihood ratio tests, and a plot method to
1915 display graphically the AIC values of each model.
1917 o The new function yule.cov() fits the Yule model with covariates,
1918 a model where the speciation rate is affected by several species
1919 traits through a generalized linear model. The parameters are
1920 estimated by maximum likelihood.
1922 o Three new functions, corBrownian(), corGrafen(), and
1923 corMartins(), compute the expected correlation structures among
1924 species given a phylogeny under different models of evolution.
1925 These can be used for GLS comparative phylogenetic methods (see
1926 the examples). There are coef() and corMatrix() methods and an
1927 Initialize.corPhyl() function associated.
1929 o The new function compar.cheverud() implements Cheverud et al.'s
1930 (1985; Evolution 39:1335) phylogenetic comparative method.
1932 o The new function varcomp() estimates variance components; it has
1935 o Two new functions, panel.superpose.correlogram() and
1936 plot.correlogramList(), allow to plot several phylogenetic
1939 o The new function node.leafnumber() computes the number of leaves
1940 of a subtree defined by a particular node.
1942 o The new function node.sons() gets all tags of son nodes from a
1945 o The new function compute.brlen() computes the branch lengths of
1946 a tree according to a specified method.
1948 o plot.phylo() has three new options: "cex" controls the size of
1949 the (tip and node) labels (thus it is no more needed to change
1950 the global graphical parameter), "direction" which allows to
1951 plot the tree rightwards, leftwards, upwards, or downwards, and
1952 "y.lim" which sets the upper limit on the y-axis.
1957 o Some functions which try to match tip labels and names of
1958 additional data (e.g. vector) are likely to fail if there are
1959 typing or syntax errors. If both series of names do not perfectly
1960 match, they are ignored and a warning message is now issued.
1961 These functions are bd.ext, compar.gee, pic. Their help pages
1962 have been clarified on this point.
1966 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-7
1971 o The new function root() reroots a phylogenetic tree with respect
1972 to a specified outgroup.
1974 o The new function rotate() rotates an internal branch of a tree.
1976 o In plot.phylo(), the new argument "lab4ut" (labels for unrooted
1977 trees) controls the display of the tip labels in unrooted trees.
1978 This display has been greatly improved: the tip labels are now not
1979 expected to overlap with the tree (particularly if lab4ut =
1980 "axial"). In all cases, combining appropriate values of "lab4ut"
1981 and the font size (via "par(cex = )") should result in readable
1982 unrooted trees. See ?plot.phylo for some examples.
1984 o In drop.tip(), the argument `tip' can now be numeric or character.
1989 o drop.tip() did not work correctly with trees with no branch
1990 lengths: this is fixed.
1992 o A bug in plot.phylo(..., type = "unrooted") made some trees being
1993 plotted with some line crossings: this is now fixed.
1997 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-6
2002 o Six new functions (Moran.I, correlogram.formula, discrete.dist,
2003 correlogram.phylo, dist.taxo, plot.correlogram) have been added
2004 to implement comparative methods with an autocorrelation approach.
2006 o A new data set describing some life history traits of Carnivores
2012 o A fix was made on mcmc.popsize() to conform to R 2.0.0.
2017 o When plotting a tree with plot.phylo(), the new default of the
2018 option `label.offset' is now 0, so the labels are always visible.
2022 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-5
2027 o The new function bd.ext() fits a birth-death model with combined
2028 phylogenetic and taxonomic data, and estimates the corresponding
2029 speciation and extinction rates.
2034 o The package gee is no more required by ape but only suggested
2035 since only the function compar.gee() calls gee.
2039 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-4
2044 o Four new functions (mcmc.popsize, extract.popsize, plot.popsize,
2045 and lines.popsize) implementing a new approach for inferring the
2046 demographic history from genealogies using a reversible jump
2047 MCMC have been introduced.
2049 o The unit of time in the skyline plot and in the new plots can
2050 now be chosen to be actual years, rather than substitutions.
2054 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-3
2059 o The new function rtree() generates a random binary tree with or
2060 without branch lengths.
2062 o Two new functions for drawing lineages-through-time (LTT) plots
2063 are provided: ltt.lines() adds a LTT curve to an existing plot,
2064 and mltt.plot() does a multiple LTT plot giving several trees as
2065 arguments (see `?ltt.plot' for details).
2070 o Some taxon names made R crashing when calling as.phylo.hclust():
2073 o dist.dna() returned an error with two identical DNA sequences
2074 (only using the Jukes-Cantor method returned 0): this is fixed.
2079 o The function dist.phylo() has been re-written using a different
2080 algorithm: it is now about four times faster.
2082 o The code of branching.times() has been improved: it is now about
2087 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-2
2092 o The new function seg.sites() finds the segregating sites in a
2093 sample of DNA sequences.
2098 o A bug introduced in read.tree() and in read.nexus() with version
2101 o A few errors were corrected and a few examples were added in the
2106 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-1
2111 o plot.phylo() can now draw the edge of the root of a tree if it
2112 has one (see the new option `root.edge', its default is FALSE).
2117 o A bug was fixed in read.nexus(): files with semicolons inside
2118 comment blocks were not read correctly.
2120 o The behaviour of read.tree() and read.nexus() was corrected so
2121 that tree files with badly represented root edges (e.g., with
2122 an extra pair of parentheses, see the help pages for details)
2123 are now correctly represented in the object of class "phylo";
2124 a warning message is now issued.
2128 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2
2133 o plot.phylo() has been completely re-written and offers several
2134 new functionalities. Three types of trees can now be drawn:
2135 phylogram (as previously), cladogram, and unrooted tree; in
2136 all three types the branch lengths can be drawn using the edge
2137 lengths of the phylogeny or not (e.g., if the latter is absent).
2138 The vertical position of the nodes can be adjusted with two
2139 choices (see option `node.pos'). The code has been re-structured,
2140 and two new functions (potentially useful for developpers) are
2141 documented separately: node.depth.edgelength() and node.depth();
2142 see the respective help pages for details.
2144 o The new function zoom() allows to explore very large trees by
2145 focusing on a small portion of it.
2147 o The new function yule() fits by maximum likelihood the Yule model
2148 (birth-only process) to a phylogenetic tree.
2150 o Support for writing DNA sequences in FASTA format has been
2151 introduced in write.dna() (support for reading sequences in
2152 this format was introduced in read.dna() in version 1.1-2).
2153 The function has been completely re-written, fixing some bugs
2154 (see below); the default behaviour is no more to display the
2155 sequences on the standard output. Several options have been
2156 introduced to control the sequence printing in a flexible
2157 way. The help page has been extended.
2159 o A new data set is included: a supertree of bats in NEXUS format.
2164 o In theta.s(), the default of the option `variance' has
2165 been changed to `FALSE' (as was indicated in the help page).
2167 o Several bugs were fixed in the code of all.equal.phylo().
2169 o Several bugs were fixed in write.dna(), particularly this
2170 function did not work with `format = "interleaved"'.
2172 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.
2177 o The argument names of as.hclust.phylo() have been changed
2178 from "(phy)" to "(x, ...)" to conform to the definition of
2179 the corresponding generic function.
2181 o gamma.stat() has been renamed gammaStat() to avoid confusion
2182 since gamma() is a generic function.
2186 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-3
2191 o base.freq() previously did not return a value of 0 for
2192 bases absent in the data (e.g., a vector of length 3 was
2193 returned if one base was absent). This is now fixed (a
2194 vector of length 4 is always returned).
2196 o Several bugs were fixed in read.nexus(), including that this
2197 function did not work in this absence of a "TRANSLATE"
2198 command in the NEXUS file, and that the commands were
2203 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-2
2208 o The Tamura and Nei (1993) model of DNA distance is now implemented
2209 in dist.dna(): five models are now available in this function.
2211 o A new data set is included: a set of 15 sequences of the
2212 cytochrome b mitochondrial gene of the woodmouse (Apodemus
2218 o A bug in read.nexus() was fixed.
2220 o read.dna() previously did not work correctly in most cases.
2221 The function has been completely re-written and its help page
2222 has been considerably extended (see ?read.dna for details).
2223 Underscores (_) in taxon names are no more replaced with
2224 spaces (this behaviour was undocumented).
2226 o A bug was fixed in write.dna().
2230 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-1
2235 o A bug in read.tree() introduced in APE 1.1 was fixed.
2237 o A bug in compar.gee() resulted in an error when trying to fit
2238 a model with `family = "binomial"'. This is now fixed.
2242 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1
2247 o The Klastorin (1982) method as suggested by Misawa and Tajima
2248 (2000, Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:1879-1884) for classifying genes
2249 on the basis of phylogenetic trees has been implemented (see
2250 the function klastorin()).
2252 o Functions have been added to convert APE's "phylo" objects in
2253 "hclust" cluster objects and vice versa (see the help page of
2254 as.phylo for details).
2256 o Three new functions, ratogram(), chronogram() and NPRS.criterion(),
2257 are introduced for the estimation of absolute evolutionary rates
2258 (ratogram) and dated clock-like trees (chronogram) from
2259 phylogenetic trees using the non-parametric rate smoothing approach
2260 by MJ Sanderson (1997, Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:1218-1231).
2262 o A summary method is now provided printing a summary information on a
2263 phylogenetic tree with, for instance, `summary(tree)'.
2265 o The behaviour of read.tree() was changed so that all spaces and
2266 tabulations in tree files are now ignored. Consequently, spaces in tip
2267 labels are no more allowed. Another side effect is that read.nexus()
2268 now does not replace the underscores (_) in tip labels with spaces
2269 (this behaviour was undocumented).
2271 o The function plot.phylo() has a new option (`underscore') which
2272 specifies whether the underscores in tip labels should be written on
2273 the plot as such or replaced with spaces (the default).
2275 o The function birthdeath() now computes 95% confidence intervals of
2276 the estimated parameters using profile likelihood.
2278 o Three new data sets are included: a gene tree estimated from 36
2279 landplant rbcL sequences, a gene tree estimated from 32 opsin
2280 sequences, and a gene tree for 50 BRCA1 mammalian sequences.
2285 o A bug was fixed in dist.gene() where nothing was returned.
2287 o A bug in plot.mst() was fixed.
2289 o A bug in vcv.phylo() resulted in false correlations when the
2290 option `cor = TRUE' was used (now fixed).
2294 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.0
2299 o Two new functions, read.dna() and write.dna(), read/write in a file
2300 DNA sequences in interleaved or in sequential format.
2302 o Two new functions, read.nexus() and write.nexus(), read/write trees
2305 o The new function bind.tree() allows to bind two trees together,
2306 possibly handling root edges to give internal branches.
2308 o The new function drop.tip() removes the tips in a phylogenetic tree,
2309 and trims (or not) the corresponding internal branches.
2311 o The new function is.ultrametric() tests if a tree is ultrametric.
2313 o The function plot.phylo() has more functionalities such as drawing the
2314 branches with different colours and/or different widths, showing the
2315 node labels, controling the position and font of the labels, rotating
2316 the labels, and controling the space around the plot.
2318 o The function read.tree() can now read trees with no branch length,
2319 such as "(a,b),c);". Consequently, the element `edge.length' in
2320 objects of class "phylo" is now optional.
2322 o The function write.tree() has a new default behaviour: if the default
2323 for the option `file' is used (i.e. file = ""), then a variable of
2324 mode character containing the tree in Newick format is returned which
2325 can thus be assigned (e.g., tree <- write.tree(phy)).
2327 o The function read.tree() has a new argument `text' which allows
2328 to read the tree in a variable of mode character.
2330 o A new data set is included: the phylogenetic relationships among
2331 the orders of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990).
2335 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2-1
2340 o Several bugs were fixed in the help pages.
2344 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2
2349 o The function write.tree() writes phylogenetic trees (objects of class
2350 "phylo") in an ASCII file using the Newick parenthetic format.
2352 o The function birthdeath() fits a birth-death model to branching times
2353 by maximum likelihood, and estimates the corresponding speciation and
2356 o The function scale.bar() adds a scale bar to a plot of a phylogenetic
2359 o The function is.binary.tree() tests whether a phylogeny is binary.
2361 o Two generic functions, coalescent.intervals() and collapsed.intervals(),
2362 as well as some methods are introduced.
2364 o Several functions, including some generics and methods, for computing
2365 skyline plot estimates (classic and generalized) of effective
2366 population size through time are introduced and replace the function
2367 skyline.plot() in version 0.1.
2369 o Two data sets are now included: the phylogenetic relationships among
2370 the families of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990), and an
2371 estimated clock-like phylogeny of HIV sequences sampled in the
2372 Democratic Republic of Congo.
2375 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
2377 o The function skyline.plot() in ape 0.1 has been deprecated and
2378 replaced by more elaborate functions (see above).
2383 o Two important bugs were fixed in plot.phylo(): phylogenies with
2384 multichotomies not at the root or not with only terminal branches,
2385 and phylogenies with a single node (i.e. only terminal branches)
2386 did not plot. These trees should be plotted correctly now.
2388 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time() in the computation of
2391 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.