1 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 3.0
6 o The three functions dyule, dbd, and dbdTime calculate the
7 density probability (i.e., the distribution of the number of
8 species) for the Yule, the constant and the time-dependent
9 birth-beath models, respectively. These probabilities can be
10 conditional on no extinction and/or on a log-scale.
12 o plot.phylo() has a new option 'rotate.tree' to rotate unrooted,
13 fan, or radial trees around the center of the plot.
15 o boot.phylo() and prop.clades() have a new option rooted =
16 FALSE. Note that the behaviour of prop.part() is unchanged.
21 o mantel.test() could return P-values > 1 with the default
24 o extract.clade() sometimes shuffled some tip labels (thanks to
25 Ludovic Mallet and Mahendra Mariadassou for the fix).
27 o clustal() should now find by default the executable under Windows.
32 o The code of yule() has been simplified and is now much faster for
35 o The code of mantel.test() has been adjusted to be consistent
36 with common permutation tests.
38 o The C code of base.freq() has been improved and is now nearly 8
43 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.8
48 o Twelve new functions have been written by Andrei-Alin Popescu:
49 additive, ultrametric, is.compatible, arecompatible, mvr, mvrs,
50 njs, bionjs, SDM, treePop, triangMtd, triangMtd*.
52 o A new class "bitsplits" has been created by Andrei-Alin Popescu
53 to code splits (aka, bipartition).
55 o There is a new generic function as.bitsplits with a method to
56 convert from the class "prop.part" to the class "bitsplits".
58 o The new function ltt.coplot plots on the same scales a tree and
61 o ltt.plot() has two new options: backward and tol. It can now
62 handle non-ultrametic trees and its internal coding has been
63 improved. The coordinates of the plot can now be computed with
64 the new function ltt.plot.coords.
69 o prop.part() crashed if some trees had some multichotomies.
73 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.7-3
78 o The new function compute.brtime computes and sets branching times.
80 o mantel.test() has a new argument 'alternative' which is
81 "two-sided" by default. Previously, this test was one-tailed
82 with no possibility to change.
84 o ace() can now do REML estimation with continuous characters,
85 giving better estimates of the variance of the Brownian motion
91 o Branch lengths were wrongly updated with bind.tree(, where = <tip>,
92 position = 0). (Thanks to Liam Revell for digging this bug out.)
94 o Simulation of OU process with rTraitCont() did not work correctly.
95 This now uses formula from Gillespie (1996) reduced to a BM
96 process when alpha = 0 to avoid division by zero. The option
97 'linear' has been removed.
99 o Cross-validation in chronopl() did not work when 'age.max' was
102 o consensus(, p = 0.5) could return an incorrect tree if some
103 incompatible splits occur in 50% of the trees (especially with
104 small number of trees).
106 o c() with "multiPhylo" did not work correctly (thanks to Klaus
107 Schliep for the fix).
109 o root() failed in some cases with an outgroup made of several tips.
110 The help page has been clarified a bit.
114 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.7-2
119 o There is a new class "evonet" to code evolutionary networks, with
120 a constructor function evonet(), a print() and a plot() methods,
121 and four conversion methods to the classes "phylo", "networx",
122 "network", and "igraph".
124 o The new function rTraitMult does multivariate traits simulation
125 with user-defined models.
127 o plot.phylo() has a new option 'plot = TRUE'. If FALSE, the tree
128 is not plotted but the graphical device is set and the
129 coordinates are saved as usual.
131 o diversity.contrast.test() gains a fourth version of the test with
132 method = "logratio"; the literature citations have been clarified.
134 o add.scale.bar() has two new options, 'lwd' and 'lcol', to modify
135 the aspect of the bar.
137 o boot.phylo() now displays a progress bar by default (can be off
140 o There is a new predict() method for compar.gee().
145 o bionj() made R crash if distances were too large. It now returns
146 an error if at least one distance is greater than 100.
148 o drop.tip() returned a wrong tree if 'tip' was of zero length.
150 o read.nexus.data() failed with URLs.
152 o boot.phylo() returned overestimated support values in the
153 presence of identical or nearly identical sequences.
158 o The data bird.families, bird.orders, cynipids, and woodmouse are
159 now provided as .rda files.
163 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.7-1
168 o The new function trex does tree exploration with multiple
171 o The new function kronoviz plots several rooted (dated) trees on
174 o identify.phylo() has a new option 'quiet' (FALSE by default).
179 o A bug was introduced in read.nexus() in ape 2.7.
181 o image.DNAbin() did not colour correctly the bases if there were
184 o .compressTipLabel() failed with a list with a single tree.
186 o identify.phylo() returned a wrong answer when the x- and y-scales
189 o write.nexus() failed with lists of trees with compressed labels.
194 o identify.phylo() now returns NULL if the user right-(instead of
195 left-)clicks (an error was returned previously).
197 o read.nexus() should be robust to commands inserted in the TREES
202 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.7
207 o There is a new image() method for "DNAbin" objects: it plots DNA
208 alignments in a flexible and efficient way.
210 o Two new functions as.network.phylo and as.igraph.phylo convert
211 trees of class "phylo" into these respective network classes
212 defined in the packages of the same names.
214 o The three new functions clustal, muscle, and tcoffee perform
215 nucleotide sequence alignment by calling the external programs
218 o Four new functions, diversity.contrast.test, mcconwaysims.test,
219 richness.yule.test, and slowinskiguyer.test, implement various
220 tests of diversification shifts using sister-clade comparisons.
222 o base.freq() gains an option 'all' to count all the possible bases
223 including the ambiguous ones (defaults to FALSE).
225 o read.nexus() now writes tree names in the NEXUS file if given a
226 list of trees with names.
231 o prop.part() failed in some situations with unrooted trees.
233 o read.nexus() shuffled node labels when a TRANSLATE block was
236 o varCompPhylip() did not work if 'exec' was specified.
238 o bind.tree() shuffled node labels when position > 0 and 'where'
244 o BaseProportion in src/dist_dna.c has been modified.
246 o A number of functions in src/tree_build.c have been modified.
248 o The matching representation has now only two columns as the third
249 column was redundant.
253 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.6-3
258 o rTraitCont() and rTraitDisc() gains a '...' argument used with
259 user-defined models (suggestion by Gene Hunt).
264 o as.hclust.phylo() now returns an error with unrooted trees.
266 o as.hclust.phylo() failed with trees with node labels (thanks to
267 Jinlong Zhang for pointing this bug out).
269 o read.dna(, "fasta") failed if sequences were not all of the same
272 o plot.phylo() did not recycle values of 'font', 'cex' and
273 'tip.color' correctly when type = "fan" or "radial".
275 o plot.phylo() ignored 'label.offset' when type = "radial", "fan", or
276 "unrooted" with lab4ut = "axial" (the placement of tip labels still
277 needs to be improved with lab4ut = "horizontal").
282 o In drop.fossil() the default tol = 0 has been raised to 1e-8.
284 o The help command ?phylo now points to the man page of read.tree()
285 where this class is described. Similarly, ?matching points to the
286 man page of as.matching().
290 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.6-2
295 o Two new functions, pic.ortho and varCompPhylip, implements the
296 orthonormal contrasts of Felsenstein (2008, Am Nat, 171:713). The
297 second function requires Phylip to be installed on the computer.
299 o bd.ext() has a new option conditional = TRUE to use probabilities
300 conditioned on no extinction for the taxonomic data.
305 o write.tree() failed to output correctly tree names.
307 o dist.nodes() returned duplicated column(s) with unrooted and/or
308 multichotomous trees.
310 o mcmc.popsize() terminated unexpectedly if the progress bar was
313 o prop.part(x) made R frozen if 'x' is of class "multiPhylo".
315 o Compilation under Mandriva failed (thanks to Jos Käfer for the fix).
317 o drop.tip() shuffled tip labels with subtree = TRUE or trim.internal
320 o Objects returned by as.hclust.phylo() failed when analysed with
321 cutree() or rect.hclust().
323 o write.tree() did not output correctly node labels (thanks to Naim
324 Matasci and Jeremy Beaulieu for the fix).
326 o ace(type = "discrete") has been improved thanks to Naim Marasci and
331 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.6-1
336 o The new function speciesTree calculates the species tree from a set
337 of gene trees. Several methods are available including maximum tree
338 and shallowest divergence tree.
343 o A bug introduced in write.tree() with ape 2.6 has been fixed.
345 o as.list.DNAbin() did not work correctly with vectors.
347 o as.hclust.phylo() failed with trees with node labels (thanks to
348 Filipe Vieira for the fix).
352 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.6
357 o The new functions rlineage and rbdtree simulate phylogenies under
358 any user-defined time-dependent speciation-extinction model. They
359 use continuous time algorithms.
361 o The new function drop.fossil removes the extinct species from a
364 o The new function bd.time fits a user-defined time-dependent
365 birth-death model. It is a generalization of yule.time() taking
366 extinction into account.
368 o The new function MPR does most parsimonious reconstruction of
371 o The new function Ftab computes the contingency table of base
372 frequencies from a pair of sequences.
374 o There is now an 'as.list' method for the class "DNAbin".
376 o dist.dna() can compute the number of transitions or transversions
377 with the option model = "Ts" or model = "Tv", respectively.
379 o [node|tip|edge]labels() gain three options with default values to
380 control the aspect of thermometers: horiz = TRUE, width = NULL,
383 o compar.gee() has been improved with the new option 'corStruct' as an
384 alternative to 'phy' to specify the correlation structure, and
385 calculation of the QIC (Pan 2001, Biometrics). The display of the
386 results has also been improved.
388 o read.GenBank() has a new option 'gene.names' to return the name of
389 the gene (FALSE by default).
394 o extract.clade() sometimes shuffled the tip labels.
396 o plot.phylo(type = "unrooted") did not force asp = 1 (thanks to Klaus
399 o dist.dna(model = "logdet") used to divide distances by 4. The
400 documentation has been clarified on the formulae used.
405 o rTraitCont(model = "OU") has an option 'linear = TRUE' to possibly
406 change the parameterisation (see ?rTraitCont for details).
408 o pic() now returns a vector with the node labels of the tree (if
411 o write.tree() and read.tree() have been substantially improved thanks
412 to contributions by Klaus Schliep.
416 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.5-3
421 o The new function mixedFontLabel helps to make labels with bits of
422 text to be plotted in different fonts.
424 o There are now replacement operators for [, [[, and $ for the class
425 "multiPhylo" (i.e., TREES[11:20] <- rmtree(10, 100)). They possibly
426 check that the tip labels are the same in all trees.
428 o Objects of class "multiPhylo" can be built with c(): there are
429 methods for the classes "phylo" and "multiPhylo".
431 o The internal functions .compressTipLabel and .uncompressTipLabel are
437 o bind.tree(x, y, where, position = 0) did not work correctly if 'y'
438 was a single-edge tree and 'where' was a tip.
440 o rTraitCont() did not use the square-root of branch lengths when
441 simulating a Brownian motion model.
445 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.5-2
450 o There is now a print method for results from ace().
452 o There is a labels() method for objects of class "DNAbin".
454 o read.dna() has a new option 'as.matrix' to possibly force sequences
455 in a FASTA file to be stored in a matrix (see ?read.dna for details).
460 o as.phylo.hclust() used to multiply edge lengths by 2.
462 o A minor bug was fixed in rTraitDisc().
464 o ace() sometimes failed (parameter value was NaN and the optimisation
470 o evolve.phylo() and plot.ancestral() have been removed.
472 o chronogram(), ratogram(), and NPRS.criterion() have been removed.
477 o nj() has been improved and is now about 30% faster.
479 o The default option 'drop' of [.DNAbin has been changed to FALSE to
480 avoid dropping rownames when selecting a single sequence.
482 o print.DNAbin() has been changed to summary.DNAbin() which has been
487 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.5-1
492 o The new function stree generates trees with regular shapes.
494 o It is now possible to bind two trees with x + y (see ?bind.tree for
497 o drop.tip(), extract.clade(), root(), and bind.tree() now have an
498 'interactive' option to make the operation on a plotted tree.
500 o cophyloplot() gains two new arguments 'lwd' and 'lty' for the
501 association links; they are recycled like 'col' (which wasn't before).
506 o rTraitDisc() did not use its 'freq' argument correctly (it was
507 multiplied with the rate matrix column-wise instead of row-wise).
509 o [node|tip|edge]labels(thermo = ) used to draw empty thermometers
510 with NA values. Nothing is drawn now like with 'text' or 'pch'.
511 The same bug occurred with the 'pie' option.
513 o A bug was fixed in compar.ou() and the help page was clarified.
515 o bind.tree() has been rewritten fixing several bugs and making it
518 o plot.phylo(type = "p") sometimes failed to colour correctly the
519 vertical lines representing the nodes.
521 o plot.phylo(direction = "l", x.lim = 30) failed to plot the branches
522 in the correct direction though the tip labels were displayed
528 o The c, cbind, and rbind methods for "DNAbin" objetcs now check that
529 the sequences are correctly stored (in a list for c, in a matrix
530 for the two other functions).
534 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.5
539 o The new function parafit by Pierre Legendre tests for the
540 coevolution between hosts and parasites. It has a companion
541 function, pcoa, that does principal coordinate decomposition.
542 The latter has a biplot method.
544 o The new function lmorigin by Pierre Legendre performs multiple
545 regression through the origin with testing by permutation.
547 o The new functions rTraitCont and rTraitDisc simulate continuous and
548 discrete traits under a wide range of evolutionary models.
550 o The new function delta.plot does a delta plot following Holland et
551 al. (2002, Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:2051).
553 o The new function edges draws additional branches between any nodes
554 and/or tips on a plotted tree.
556 o The new function fancyarrows enhances arrows from graphics with
557 triangle and harpoon heads; it can be called from edges().
559 o add.scale.bar() has a new option 'ask' to draw interactively.
561 o The branch length score replaces the geodesic distance in dist.topo.
563 o Three new data sets are included: the gopher-lice data (gopher.D),
564 SO2 air pollution in 41 US cities (lmorigin.ex1, from Sokal &
565 Rohlf 1995), and some host-parasite specificity data
566 (lmorigin.ex2, from Legendre & Desdevises 2009).
571 o add.scale.bar() drew the bar outside the plotting region with the
572 default options with unrooted or radial trees.
574 o dist.topo() made R stuck when the trees had different sizes (thanks
575 to Otto Cordero for the fix).
580 o The geodesic distance has been replaced by the branch length score
585 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.4-1
590 o rtree() and rcoal() now accept a numeric vector for the 'br'
593 o vcv() is a new generic function with methods for the classes "phylo"
594 and "corPhyl" so that it is possible to calculate the var-cov matrix
595 for "transformation models". vcv.phylo() can still be used for trees
596 of class "phylo"; its argument 'cor' has been renamed 'corr'.
601 o bind.tree() failed when 'y' had no root edge.
603 o read.nexus() shuffled tip labels when the trees have no branch
604 lengths and there is a TRANSLATE block.
606 o read.nexus() does not try to translate node labels if there is a
607 translation table in the NEXUS file. See ?read.nexus for a
608 clarification on this behaviour.
610 o plot.multiPhylo() crashed R when plotting a list of trees with
611 compressed tip labels.
613 o write.nexus() did not translate the taxa names when asked for.
615 o plot.phylo(type = "fan") did not rotate the tip labels correctly
616 when the tree has branch lengths.
618 o ace(type = "continuous", method = "ML") now avoids sigma² being
619 negative (which resulted in an error).
621 o nj() crashed with NA/NaN in the distance matrix: an error in now
626 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.4
631 o base.freq() has a new option 'freq' to return the counts; the
632 default is still to return the proportions.
637 o seg.sites() did not handle ambiguous nucleotides correctly: they
640 o plot(phy, root.edge = TRUE) failed if there was no $root.edge in
641 the tree: the argument is now ignored.
643 o add.scale.bar() failed when 'x' and 'y' were given (thanks to Janet
649 o Trying to plot a tree with a single tip now returns NULL with a
650 warning (it returned an error previously).
652 o The way lines representing nodes are coloured in phylograms has
653 been modified (as well as their widths and types) following some
654 users' request; this is only for dichotomous nodes.
656 o The argument 'adj' in [node][tip][edge]labels() now works when
657 using 'pie' or 'thermo'.
659 o A more informative message error is now returned by dist.dna() when
660 'model' is badly specified (partial matching of this argument is
663 o Deprecated functions are now listed in a help page: see
664 help("ape-defunct") with the quotes.
669 o The functions heterozygosity, nuc.div, theta.h, theta.k and
670 theta.s have been moved from ape to pegas.
672 o The functions mlphylo, DNAmodel and sh.test have been removed.
676 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3-3
681 o add.scale.bar() always drew a horizontal bar.
683 o zoom() shuffled tips with unrooted trees.
685 o write.nexus() failed to write correctly trees with a "TipLabel"
688 o rcoal() failed to compute branch lengths with very large n.
690 o A small bug was fixed in compar.cheverud() (thanks to Michael
693 o seg.sites() failed when passing a vector.
695 o drop.tip() sometimes shuffled tip labels.
697 o root() shuffled node labels with 'resolve.root = TRUE'.
701 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3-2
706 o all.equal.phylo() did not compare unrooted trees correctly.
708 o dist.topo(... method = "PH85") did not treat unrooted trees
709 correctly (thanks to Tim Wallstrom for the fix).
711 o root() sometimes failed to test for the monophyly of the
714 o extract.clade() sometimes included too many edges.
716 o vcv.phylo() did not work correctly when the tree is in
719 o nj() did not handle correctly distance matrices with many 0's.
720 The code has also been significantly improved: 7, 70, 160 times
721 faster with n = 100, 500, 1000, respectively.
725 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3-1
730 o The new function is.monophyletic tests the monophyly of a group.
732 o There is now a c() method for lists of class "DNAbin".
734 o yule.cov() now fits the null model, and its help page has been
735 corrected with respect to this change.
737 o drop.tip() has a new option 'rooted' to force (or not) a tree
738 to be treated as (un)rooted.
743 o dist.gene() failed on most occasions with the default
744 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
746 o read.tree() failed to read correctly the tree name(s).
748 o boot.phylo() now treats correctly data frames.
750 o del.gaps() did not copy the rownames of a matrix.
752 o A small bug was fixed in CDAM.global().
754 o ace() failed with large data sets. Thanks to Rich FitzJohn for
755 the fix. With other improvements, this function is now about 6
758 o write.tree() failed with objects of class "multiPhylo".
760 o drop.tip(, subtree = TRUE) sometimes shuffled tip labels.
765 o [.multiPhylo and [.DNAbin now respect the original class.
767 o Instances of the form class(phy) == "phylo" have been replaced
768 by inherits(phy, "phylo").
770 o rcoal() is now faster.
775 o klastorin() has been removed.
779 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3
784 o The new functions CADM.global and CADM.post, contributed by
785 Pierre Legendre, test the congruence among several distance
788 o The new function yule.time fits a user-defined time-dependent
789 Yule model by maximum likelihood.
791 o The new function makeNodeLabel creates and/or modifies node
792 labels in a flexible way.
794 o read.tree() and write.tree() have been modified so that they can
795 handle individual tree names.
797 o plot.phylo() has a new argument 'edge.lty' that specifies the
798 types of lines used for the edges (plain, dotted, dashed, ...)
800 o phymltest() has been updated to work with PhyML 3.0.1.
805 o drop.tip() shuffled tip labels in some cases.
807 o drop.tip() did not handle node.label correctly.
809 o is.ultrametric() now checks the ordering of the edge matrix.
811 o ace() sometimes returned negative values of likelihoods of
812 ancestral states (thanks to Dan Rabosky for solving this long
818 o The data set xenarthra has been removed.
822 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-4
826 o The bug fix in read.nexus() in version 2.2-3 was wrong: this is
827 now fixed. (Thanks to Peter Wragg for the fix!)
829 o A warning message occurred for no reason with ace(method="GLS").
834 o There is now a general help page displayed with '?ape'.
838 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-3
843 o The new function extract.clade extracts a clade from a tree by
844 specifying a node number or label.
846 o fastme.bal() has two new options 'spr' and 'tbr' to perform tree
847 operations of the same names.
849 o dist.dna() can now return the number of site differences by
850 specifying model="N".
855 o chronopl() did not work with CV = TRUE.
857 o read.nexus() did not work correctly in some situations (trees on
858 multiple lines with different numbers of lines and/or with
859 comments inserted within the trees).
861 o ltt.plot(), ltt.lines(), and mltt.plot() did not count correctly
862 the number of lineages with non-binary trees.
867 o ape has now a namespace.
869 o drop.tip() has been improved: it should be much faster and work
870 better in some cases (e.g., see the example in ?zoom).
874 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-2
879 o dist.gene() has been substantially improved and gains an option
882 o cbind.DNAbin() has a new option 'fill.with.gaps' and is now
888 o prop.part() failed with a single tree with the default option
889 'check.labels = TRUE'.
891 o summary.DNAbin() failed to display correctly the summary of
892 sequence lengths with lists of sequences of 10,000 bases or more
893 (because summary.default uses 4 significant digits by default).
895 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree with line
896 breaks in the Newick string.
898 o del.gaps() returned a list of empty sequences when there were no
904 o phymltest() has been updated for PhyML 3.0 and gains an option
905 'append', whereas the option 'path2exec' has been removed.
907 o rbind.DNAbin() and cbind.DNAbin() now accept a single matrix
908 which is returned unchanged (instead of an error).
910 o The data sets bird.orders and bird.families are now stored as
911 Newick strings; i.e., the command data(bird.orders) calls
916 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-1
921 o The new function makeLabel() helps to modify labels of trees,
922 lists of trees, or DNA sequences, with several utilities to
923 truncate and/or make them unique, substituting some
924 characters, and so on.
926 o The new function del.gaps() removes insertion gaps ("-") in a
927 set of DNA sequences.
929 o read.dna() can now read Clustal files (*.aln).
934 o root() failed with 'resolve.root = TRUE' when the root was
935 already the specified root.
937 o Several bugs were fixed in mlphylo().
939 o collapsed.singles() did not propagate the 'Nnode' and
940 'node.labels' elements (thanks to Elizabeth Purdom for the fix).
942 o read.nexus() failed to remove correctly the comments within
945 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree and no
946 translation of tip labels.
948 o read.nexus() failed to place correctly tip labels when reading
949 a single tree with no edge lengths.
951 o A bug was fixed in sh.test().
956 o unique.multiPhylo() is faster thanks to a suggestion by Vladimir
959 o The option 'check.labels' of consensus() and prop.part() is now
962 o write.dna() now does not truncate names to 10 characters with
967 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2
972 o Four new functions have been written by Damien de Vienne for the
973 graphical exploration of large trees (cophyloplot, subtrees,
974 subtreeplot), and to return the graphical coordinates of tree
977 o The new functions corPagel and corBlomberg implement the Pagel's
978 "lambda" and Blomberg et al.'s "ACDC" correlation structures.
980 o chronopl() has been improved and gains several options: see its
981 help page for details.
983 o boot.phylo() has now an option 'trees' to possibly return the
984 bootstraped trees (the default is FALSE).
986 o prop.part() has been improved and should now be faster in all
992 o read.dna() failed if "?" occurred in the first 10 sites of the
995 o The x/y aspect of the plot is now respected when plotting a
996 circular tree (type = "r" or "f").
998 o Drawing the tip labels sometimes failed when plotting circular
1001 o zoom() failed when tip labels were used instead of their numbers
1002 (thanks to Yan Wong for the fix).
1004 o drop.tip() failed with some trees (fixed by Yan Wong).
1006 o seg.sites() failed with a list.
1008 o consensus() failed in some cases. The function has been improved
1009 as well and is faster.
1013 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-3
1018 o A bug in read.nexus() made the Windows R-GUI crash.
1020 o An error was fixed in the computation of ancestral character
1021 states by generalized least squares in ace().
1023 o di2multi() did not modify node labels correctly.
1025 o multi2di() failed if the tree had its attribute "order" set to
1030 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-2
1035 o There three new methods for the "multiPhylo" class: str, $,
1038 o root() gains the options 'node' and 'resolve.root'
1039 (FALSE by default) as well as its code being improved.
1041 o mltt.plot() has now an option 'log' used in the same way
1042 than in plot.default().
1047 o mltt.plot() failed to display the legend with an unnamed
1050 o nodelabels() with pies now correcly uses the argument
1051 'cex' to draw symbols of different sizes (which has
1052 worked already for thermometers).
1054 o read.nexus() generally failed to read very big files.
1059 o The argument 'family' of compar.gee() can now be a function
1060 as well as a character string.
1062 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an unnamed list if
1063 'tree.names = NULL'.
1065 o read.nexus() now returns a modified object of class "multiPhylo"
1066 when there is a TRANSLATE block in the NEXUS file: the individual
1067 trees have no 'tip.label' vector, but the list has a 'TipLabel'
1068 attribute. The new methods '$' and '[[' set these elements
1069 correctly when extracting trees.
1073 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-1
1078 o The new function rmtree generates lists of random trees.
1080 o rcoal() now generates a genuine coalescent tree by default
1081 (thanks to Vladimir Minin for the code).
1086 o nuc.div() returned an incorrect value with the default
1087 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
1092 o The internal codes of bionj(), fastme.bal(), and fastme.ols()
1093 have been improved so that they are stabler and faster.
1095 o R packages used by ape are now loaded silently; lattice and gee
1096 are loaded only when needed.
1100 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1
1105 o The new function identify.phylo identifies clades on a plotted
1106 tree using the mouse.
1108 o It is now possible to subset a list of trees (object of class
1109 "multiPhylo") with "[" while keeping its class correct.
1111 o The new function as.DNAbin.alignment converts DNA sequences
1112 stored in the "alignment" format of the package seqinr into
1113 an object of class "DNAbin".
1115 o The new function weight.taxo2 helps to build similarity matrices
1116 given two taxonomic levels (usually called by other functions).
1118 o write.tree() can now take a list of trees (class "multiPhylo")
1119 as its main argument.
1121 o plot.correlogram() and plot.correlogramList() have been
1122 improved, and gain several options (see the help page for
1123 details). A legend is now plotted by default.
1128 o dist.dna() returned some incorrect values with `model = "JC69"'
1129 and `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'. This affected only the
1130 distances involving sequences with missing values. (Thanks
1131 to Bruno Toupance for digging this bug out.)
1133 o write.tree() failed with some trees: this is fixed by removing
1134 the `multi.line' option (trees are now always printed on a
1137 o read.nexus() did not correctly detect trees with multiple root
1138 edges (see OTHER CHANGES).
1143 o The code of mlphylo() has been almost entirely rewritten, and
1144 should be much stabler. The options have been also greatly
1145 simplified (see ?mlphylo and ?DNAmodel for details).
1147 o The internal function nTips has been renamed klastorin_nTips.
1149 o The code of is.ultrametric() contained redundancies and has
1152 o The code of Moran.I() and of correlogram.formula() have been
1155 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an error when trying to
1156 read a tree with multiple root edges (see BUG FIXES). The
1157 correction applied in previous version did not work in all
1160 o The class c("multi.tree", "phylo") has been renamed
1166 o There is now a vignette in ape: see vignette("MoranI", "ape").
1169 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
1171 o as.matching() and as.phylo.matching() do not support branch
1174 o correlogram.phylo() and discrete.dist() have been removed.
1178 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-2
1183 o The new function matexpo computes the exponential of a square
1186 o The new function unique.multi.tree removes duplicate trees from
1189 o yule() has a new option `use.root.edge = FALSE' that specifies
1190 to ignore, by default, the root edge of the tree if it exists.
1195 o which.edge() failed when the index of a single terminal edge was
1198 o In diversi.time(), the values returned for model C were
1201 o A bug was fixed in yule() that affected the calculation of the
1202 likelihood in the presence of ties in the branching times.
1204 o There was a bug in the C function mat_expo4x4 affecting the
1205 calculations of the transition probabilities for models HKY and
1208 o A small bug was fixed in as.matrix.DNAbin (thanks to James
1211 o rtree() did not `shuffle' the tip labels by default, so only a
1212 limited number of labelled topologies could be generated.
1216 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-1
1221 o The three new functions bionj, fastme.ols, and fastme.bal
1222 perform phylogeny estimation by the BIONJ and fastME methods in
1223 OLS and balanced versions. This is a port to R of previous
1224 previous programs done by Vincent Lefort.
1226 o The new function chronoMPL performs molecular dating with the
1227 mean path lengths method of Britton et al. (2002, Mol. Phyl.
1230 o The new function rotate, contributed by Christoph Heibl, swaps
1231 two clades connected to the same node. It works also with
1232 multichotomous nodes.
1234 o The new `method' as.matrix.DNAbin() may be used to convert
1235 easily DNA sequences stored in a list into a matrix while
1236 keeping the names and the class.
1241 o chronopl() failed when some branch lengths were equal to zero:
1242 an error message is now returned.
1244 o di2multi() failed when there was a series of consecutive edges
1249 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-2
1254 o plot.phylo() can now plot circular trees: the option is type =
1255 "fan" or type = "f" (to avoid the ambiguity with type = "c").
1257 o prop.part() has a new option `check.labels = FALSE' which allows
1258 to considerably speed-up the calculations of bipartitions. As a
1259 consequence, calculations of bootstrap values with boot.phylo()
1260 should be much faster.
1265 o read.GenBank() did not return correctly the list of species as
1266 from ape 1.10: this is fixed in this version
1268 o Applying as.phylo() on a tree of class "phylo" failed: the
1269 object is now returned unchanged.
1273 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-1
1278 o The three new functions Ntip, Nnode, and Nedge return, for a
1279 given tree, the number of tips, nodes, or edges, respectively.
1284 o read.nexus() did not set correctly the class of the returned
1285 object when reading multiple trees.
1287 o mllt.plot() failed with objects of class c("multi.tree",
1290 o unroot() did not work correctly in most cases.
1292 o reorder.phylo() made R freeze in some occasions.
1294 o Plotting a tree in pruningwise order failed.
1296 o When plotting an unrooted tree, the tip labels where not all
1297 correctly positioned if the option `cex' was used.
1301 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10
1306 o Five new `method' functions have been introduced to manipulate
1307 DNA sequences in binary format (see below).
1309 o Three new functions have been introduced to convert between the
1310 new binary and the character formats.
1312 o The new function as.alignment converts DNA sequences stored as
1313 single characters into the class "alignment" used by the package
1316 o read.dna() and read.GenBank() have a new argument `as.character'
1317 controlling whether the sequences are returned in binary format
1323 o root() failed when the tree had node labels: this is fixed.
1325 o plot.phylo() did not correctly set the limits on the y-axis with
1326 the default setting: this is fixed.
1328 o dist.dna() returned a wrong result for the LogDet, paralinear,
1329 and BH87 models with `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'.
1334 o DNA sequences are now internally stored in a binary format. See
1335 the document "A Bit-Level Coding Scheme for Nucleotides" for the
1336 details. Most functions analyzing DNA functions have been
1337 modified accordingly and are now much faster (dist.dna is now
1338 ca. 60 times faster).
1342 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-4
1347 o A bug was fixed in edgelabels().
1349 o as.phylo.hclust() did not work correctly when the object of
1350 class "hclust" has its labels set to NULL: the returned tree has
1351 now its tip labels set to "1", "2", ...
1353 o consensus could fail if some tip labels are a subset of others
1354 (e.g., "a" and "a_1"): this is now fixed.
1356 o mlphylo() failed in most cases if some branch lengths of the
1357 initial tree were greater than one: an error message is now
1360 o mlphylo() failed in most cases when estimating the proportion of
1361 invariants: this is fixed.
1365 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-3
1370 o The new function edgelabels adds labels on the edge of the tree
1371 in the same way than nodelabels or tiplabels.
1376 o multi2di() did not handle correctly branch lengths with the
1377 default option `random = TRUE': this is now fixed.
1379 o A bug was fixed in nuc.div() when using pairwise deletions.
1381 o A bug occurred in the analysis of bipartitions with large
1382 numbers of large trees, with consequences on prop.part,
1383 prop.clades, and boot.phylo.
1385 o The calculation of the Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann distance in
1386 dist.topo was wrong: this has been fixed.
1390 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-2
1395 o The new function ladderize reorganizes the internal structure of
1396 a tree to plot them left- or right-ladderized.
1398 o The new function dist.nodes computes the patristic distances
1399 between all nodes, internal and terminal, of a tree. It replaces
1400 the option `full = TRUE' of cophenetic.phylo (see below).
1405 o A bug was fixed in old2new.phylo().
1407 o Some bugs were fixed in chronopl().
1409 o The edge colours were not correctly displayed by plot.phylo
1410 (thank you to Li-San Wang for the fix).
1412 o cophenetic.phylo() failed with multichotomous trees: this is
1418 o read.dna() now returns the sequences in a matrix if they are
1419 aligned (interleaved or sequential format). Sequences in FASTA
1420 format are still returned in a list.
1422 o The option `full' of cophenetic.phylo() has been removed because
1423 it could not be used from the generic.
1426 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
1428 o rotate() has been removed; this function did not work correctly
1433 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-1
1438 o Trees with a single tip were not read correctly in R as the
1439 element `Nnode' was not set: this is fixed.
1441 o unroot() did not set correctly the number of nodes of the
1442 unrooted tree in most cases.
1444 o read.GenBank() failed when fetching very long sequences,
1445 particularly of the BX-series.
1447 o A bug was introduced in read.tree() with ape 1.9: it has been
1452 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9
1457 o There are two new print `methods' for trees of class "phylo" and
1458 lists of trees of class "multi.tree", so that they are now
1459 displayed in a compact and informative way.
1461 o There are two new functions, old2new.phylo and new2old.phylo,
1462 for converting between the old and new coding of the class
1465 o dist.dna() has three new models: Barry and Hartigan ("BH87"),
1466 LogDet ("logdet"), and paralinear ("paralin").
1468 o compute.brlen() has been extended: several methods are now
1469 available to compute branch lengths.
1471 o write.dna() can now handle matrices as well as lists.
1476 o cophenetic.phylo() sometimes returned a wrong result with
1477 multichotomous trees: this is fixed.
1479 o rotate() failed when a single tip was specified: the tree is now
1482 o ace() did not return the correct index matrix with custom
1483 models: this is fixed.
1485 o multi2di() did not work correctly when resolving multichotomies
1486 randomly: the topology was always the same, only the arrangement
1487 of clades was randomized: this is fixed. This function now
1488 accepts trees with no branch lengths.
1490 o The output of diversi.gof() was blurred by useless prints when a
1491 user distribution was specified. This has been corrected, and
1492 the help page of this function has been expanded.
1497 o The internal structure of the class "phylo" has been changed:
1498 see the document "Definition of Formats for Coding Phylogenetic
1499 Trees in R" for the details. In addition, the code of most
1500 functions has been improved.
1502 o Several functions have been improved by replacing some R codes
1503 by C codes: pic, plot.phylo, and reorder.phylo.
1505 o There is now a citation information: see citation("ape") in R.
1507 o write.tree() now does not add extra 0's to branch lengths so
1508 that 1.23 is printed "1.23" by default, not "1.2300000000".
1510 o The syntax of bind.tree() has been simplified. This function now
1511 accepts trees with no branch lengths, and handles correctly node
1514 o The option `as.numeric' of mrca() has been removed.
1516 o The unused options `format' and `rooted' of read.tree() have
1519 o The unused option `format' of write.tree() has been removed.
1521 o The use of node.depth() has been simplified.
1525 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-5
1530 o Two new functions read.nexus.data() and write.nexus.data(),
1531 contributed by Johan Nylander, allow to read and write molecular
1532 sequences in NEXUS files.
1534 o The new function reorder.phylo() reorders the internal structure
1535 of a tree of class "phylo". It is used as the generic, e.g.,
1538 o read.tree() and read.nexus() can now read trees with a single
1541 o The new data set `cynipids' supplies a set of protein sequences
1547 o The code of all.equal.phylo() has been completely rewritten
1548 (thanks to Benoît Durand) which fixes several bugs.
1550 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now checks the labels of the tree
1551 to remove or substitute any characters that are illegal in the
1552 Newick format (parentheses, etc.)
1554 o A negative P-value could be returned by mantel.test(): this is
1559 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-4
1564 o The new function sh.test() computes the Shimodaira-
1567 o The new function collapse.singles() removes the nodes with a
1568 single descendant from a tree.
1570 o plot.phylo() has a new argument `tip.color' to specify the
1571 colours of the tips.
1573 o mlphylo() has now an option `quiet' to control the display of
1574 the progress of the analysis (the default is FALSE).
1579 o read.dna() did not read correctly sequences in sequential format
1580 with leading alignment gaps "-": this is fixed.
1582 o ace() returned a list with no class so that the generic
1583 functions (anova, logLik, ...) could not be used directly. This
1584 is fixed as ace() now returns an object of class "ace".
1586 o anova.ace() had a small bug when computing the number of degrees
1587 of freedom: this is fixed.
1589 o mlphylo() did not work when the sequences were in a matrix or
1590 a data frame: this is fixed.
1592 o rtree() did not work correctly when trying to simulate an
1593 unrooted tree with two tips: an error message is now issued.
1598 o The algorithm of rtree() has been changed: it is now about 40,
1599 100, and 130 times faster for 10, 100, and 1000 tips,
1604 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-3
1609 o There are four new `method' functions to be used with the
1610 results of ace(): logLik(), deviance(), AIC(), and anova().
1612 o The plot method of phymltest has two new arguments: `main' to
1613 change the title, and `col' to control the colour of the
1614 segments showing the AIC values.
1616 o ace() has a new argument `ip' that gives the initial values used
1617 in the ML estimation with discrete characters (see the examples
1618 in ?ace). This function now returns a matrix giving the indices
1619 of the estimated rates when analysing discrete characters.
1621 o nodelabels() and tiplabels() have a new argument `pie' to
1622 represent proportions, with any number of categories, as
1623 piecharts. The use of the option `thermo' has been improved:
1624 there is now no limitation on the number of categories.
1629 o mlphylo() did not work with more than two partitions: this is
1632 o root() failed if the proposed outgroup was already an outgroup
1633 in the tree: this is fixed.
1635 o The `col' argument in nodelabels() and tiplabels() was not
1636 correctly passed when `text' was used: this is fixed.
1638 o Two bugs were fixed in mlphylo(): parameters were not always
1639 correctly output, and the estimation failed in some cases.
1641 o plot.phylo() was stuck when given a tree with a single tip: this
1642 is fixed and a message error is now returned.
1644 o An error was corrected in the help page of gammaStat regarding
1645 the calculation of P-values.
1647 o Using gls() could crash R when the number of species in the tree
1648 and in the variables were different: this is fixed.
1652 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-2
1657 o The new function mlphylo() fits a phylogenetic tree by maximum
1658 likelihood from DNA sequences. Its companion function DNAmodel()
1659 is used to define the substitution model which may include
1660 partitioning. There are methods for logLik(), deviance(), and
1661 AIC(), and the summary() method has been extended to display in
1662 a friendly way the results of this model fitting. Currently, the
1663 functionality is limited to estimating the substitution and
1664 associated parameters and computing the likelihood.
1666 o The new function drop1.compar.gee (used as, e.g., drop1(m))
1667 tests for single effects in GEE-based comparative method. A
1668 warning message is printed if there is not enough degrees of
1674 o An error message was sometimes issued by plot.multi.tree(),
1675 though with no consequence.
1679 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-1
1684 o There is a new plot method for lists of trees (objects of class
1685 "multi.tree"): it calls plot.phylo() internally and is
1686 documented on the same help page.
1691 o A bug was fixed in the C code that analyzes bipartitions: this
1692 has impact on several functions like prop.part, prop.clades,
1693 boot.phylo, or consensus.
1695 o root() did not work correctly when the specified outgroup had
1696 more than one element: this is fixed.
1698 o dist.dna() sometimes returned a warning inappropriately: this
1701 o If the distance object given to nj() had no rownames, nj()
1702 returned a tree with no tip labels: it now returns tips labelled
1703 "1", "2", ..., corresponding to the row numbers.
1708 o nj() has been slightly changed so that tips with a zero distance
1709 are first aggregated with zero-lengthed branches; the usual NJ
1710 procedure is then performed on a distance matrix without 0's.
1714 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8
1719 o The new function chronopl() estimates dates using the penalized
1720 likelihood method by Sanderson (2002; Mol. Biol. Evol., 19:101).
1722 o The new function consensus() calculates the consensus tree of a
1725 o The new function evolve.phylo() simulates the evolution of
1726 continuous characters along a phylogeny under a Brownian model.
1728 o The new plot method for objects of class "ancestral" displays a
1729 tree together with ancestral values, as returned by the above
1732 o The new function as.phylo.formula() returns a phylogeny from a
1733 set of nested taxonomic variables given as a formula.
1735 o The new function read.caic() reads trees in CAIC format.
1737 o The new function tiplabels() allows to add labels to the tips
1738 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1740 o The new function unroot() unroots a phylogeny.
1742 o multi2di() has a new option, `random', which specifies whether
1743 to resolve the multichotomies randomly (the default) or not.
1745 o prop.part() now returns an object of class "prop.part" for which
1746 there are print (to display a partition in a more friendly way)
1747 and summary (to extract the numbers) methods.
1749 o plot.phylo() has a new option, `show.tip.label', specifying
1750 whether to print the labels of the tips. The default is TRUE.
1752 o The code of nj() has been replaced by a faster C code: it is now
1753 about 10, 25, and 40 times faster for 50, 100, and 200 taxa,
1756 o write.nexus() now writes whether a tree is rooted or not.
1761 o Two bugs have been fixed in root(): unrooted trees are now
1762 handled corretly, and node labels are now output normally.
1764 o A bug was fixed in phymltest(): the executable couldn't be found
1767 o Three bug have been fixed in ace(): computing the likelihood of
1768 ancestral states of discrete characters failed, custom models
1769 did not work, and the function failed with a null gradient (a
1770 warning message is now returned; this latter bug was also
1771 present in yule.cov() as well and is now fixed).
1773 o pic() hanged out when missing data were present: a message error
1776 o A small bug was fixed in dist.dna() where the gamma correction
1777 was not always correctly dispatched.
1779 o plot.phylo() plotted correctly the root edge only when the tree
1780 was plotted rightwards: this works now for all directions.
1785 o dist.taxo() has been renamed as weight.taxo().
1787 o dist.phylo() has been replaced by the method cophenetic.phylo().
1789 o Various error and warning messages have been improved.
1793 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.7
1796 o The new function ace() estimates ancestral character states for
1797 continuous characters (with ML, GLS, and contrasts methods), and
1798 discrete characters (with ML only) for any number of states.
1800 o The new function compar.ou() fits the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model
1801 of directional evolution for continuous characters. The user
1802 specifies the node(s) of the tree where the character optimum
1805 o The new function is.rooted() tests whether a tree (of class
1808 o The new function rcoal() generates random ultrametric trees with
1809 the possibility to specify the function that generates the
1810 inter-nodes distances.
1812 o The new function mrca() gives for all pairs of tips in a tree
1813 (and optionally nodes too) the most recent common ancestor.
1815 o nodelabels() has a new option `thermo' to plot proportions (up
1816 to three classes) on the nodes of a tree.
1818 o rtree() has been improved: it can now generate rooted or
1819 unrooted trees, and the mathematical function that generates the
1820 branch lengths may be specified by the user. The tip labels may
1821 be given directly in the call to rtree. The limit cases (n = 2,
1822 3) are now handled correctly.
1824 o dist.topo() has a new argument `method' with two choices: "PH85"
1825 for Penny and Henny's method (already available before and now
1826 the default), and "BHV01" for the geometric distance by Billera
1827 et al. (2001, Adv. Appl. Math. 27:733).
1829 o write.tree() has a new option, `digits', which specifies the
1830 number of digits to be printed in the Newick tree. By default
1831 digits = 10. The numbers are now always printed in decimal form
1832 (i.e., 1.0e-1 is now avoided).
1834 o dist.dna() can now compute the raw distances between pairs of
1835 DNA sequences by specifying model = "raw".
1837 o dist.phylo() has a new option `full' to possibly compute the
1838 distances among all tips and nodes of the tree. The default if
1844 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo().
1846 o dist.dna() did not handle correctly gaps ("-") in alignments:
1847 they are now considered as missing data.
1849 o rotate() did not work if the tips were not ordered: this is
1852 o mantel.test() returned NA in some special cases: this is fixed
1853 and the function has been improved and is now faster.
1855 o A bug was fixed in diversi.gof() where the calculation of A² was
1858 o cherry() did not work correctly under some OSs (mainly Linux):
1861 o is.binary.tree() has been modified so that it works with both
1862 rooted and unrooted trees.
1864 o The documentation of theta.s() was not correct: this has been
1867 o plot.mst() did not work correctly: this is fixed.
1871 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.6
1876 o The new function dist.topo() computes the topological distances
1879 o The new function boot.phylo() performs a bootstrap analysis on
1880 phylogeny estimation.
1882 o The new functions prop.part() and prop.clades() analyse
1883 bipartitions from a series of trees.
1888 o read.GenBank() now uses the EFetch utility of NCBI instead of
1889 the usual Web interface: it is now much faster (e.g., 12 times
1890 faster to retrieve 8 sequences, 37 times for 60 sequences).
1895 o Several bugs were fixed in read.dna().
1897 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time().
1899 o is.binary.tree() did not work correctly if the tree has no edge
1900 lengths: this is fixed.
1902 o drop.tip() did not correctly propagated the `node.label' of a
1903 tree: this is fixed.
1907 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.5
1912 o Two new functions, as.matching.phylo() and as.phylo.matching(),
1913 convert objects between the classes "phylo" and "matching". The
1914 latter implements the representation of binary trees introduced by
1915 Diaconis and Holmes (1998; PNAS 95:14600). The generic function
1916 as.matching() has been introduced as well.
1918 o Two new functions, multi2di() and di2multi(), allow to resolve
1919 and collapse multichotomies with branches of length zero.
1921 o The new function nuc.div() computes the nucleotide diversity
1922 from a sample a DNA sequences.
1924 o dist.dna() has been completely rewritten with a much faster
1925 (particularly for large data sets) C code. Eight models are
1926 available: JC69, K80, F81, K81, F84, T92, TN93, and GG95 (the
1927 option `method' has been renamed `model'). Computation of variance
1928 is available for all models. A gamma-correction is possible for
1929 JC69, K80, F81, and TN93. There is a new option, pairwise.deletion,
1930 to remove sites with missing data on a pairwise basis. The option
1931 `GCcontent' has been removed.
1933 o read.GenBank() has a new option (species.names) which specifies
1934 whether to return the species names of the organisms in addition
1935 to the accession numbers of the sequences (this is the default
1938 o write.nexus() can now write several trees in the same NEXUS file.
1940 o drop.tip() has a new option `root.edge' that allows to specify the
1941 new root edge if internal branches are trimmed.
1946 o as.phylo.hclust() failed if some labels had parentheses: this
1949 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo(). This function now
1950 returns the logical TRUE if the trees are identical but with
1951 different representations (a report was printed previously).
1953 o read.GenBank() did not correctly handle ambiguous base codes:
1959 o birthdeath() now returns an object of class "birthdeath" for
1960 which there is a print method.
1964 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.4
1969 o The new function nj() performs phylogeny estimation with the
1970 neighbor-joining method of Saitou and Nei (1987; Mol. Biol.
1973 o The new function which.edge() identifies the edges of a tree
1974 that belong to a group specified as a set of tips.
1976 o The new function as.phylo.phylog() converts an object of class
1977 "phylog" (from the package ade4) into an object of class
1980 o The new function axisPhylo() draws axes on the side of a
1983 o The new function howmanytrees() calculates the number of trees
1984 in different cases and giving a number of tips.
1986 o write.tree() has a new option `multi.line' (TRUE by default) to
1987 write a Newick tree on several lines rather than on a single
1990 o The functionalities of zoom() have been extended. Several
1991 subtrees can be visualized at the same time, and they are marked
1992 on the main tree with colors. The context of the subtrees can be
1993 marked with the option `subtree' (see below).
1995 o drop.tip() has a new option `subtree' (FALSE by default) which
1996 specifies whether to output in the tree how many tips have been
1999 o The arguments of add.scale.bar() have been redefined and have
2000 now default values (see ?add.scale.bar for details). This
2001 function now works even if the plotted tree has no edge length.
2003 o plot.phylo() can now plot radial trees, but this does not take
2004 edge lengths into account.
2006 o In plot.phylo() with `type = "phylogram"', if the values of
2007 `edge.color' and `edge.width' are identical for sister-branches,
2008 they are propagated to the vertical line that link them.
2013 o Repeated calls to as.phylo.hclust() or as.hclust.phylo() made R
2014 crashing. This is fixed.
2016 o In plot.phylo(), the options `edge.color' and `edge.width' are
2017 now properly recycled; their default values are now "black" and
2020 o A bug has been fixed in write.nexus().
2025 o The function node.depth.edgelength() has been removed and
2026 replaced by a C code.
2030 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3-1
2035 o The new function nodelabels() allows to add labels to the nodes
2036 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
2038 o In plot.phylo() the arguments `x.lim' and `y.lim' can now be two
2039 numeric values specifying the lower and upper limits on the x-
2040 and y-axes. This allows to leave some space on any side of the
2041 tree. If a single value is given, this is taken as the upper
2046 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3
2051 o The new function phymltest() calls the software PHYML and fits
2052 28 models of DNA sequence evolution. There are a print method to
2053 display likelihood and AIC values, a summary method to compute
2054 the hierarchical likelihood ratio tests, and a plot method to
2055 display graphically the AIC values of each model.
2057 o The new function yule.cov() fits the Yule model with covariates,
2058 a model where the speciation rate is affected by several species
2059 traits through a generalized linear model. The parameters are
2060 estimated by maximum likelihood.
2062 o Three new functions, corBrownian(), corGrafen(), and
2063 corMartins(), compute the expected correlation structures among
2064 species given a phylogeny under different models of evolution.
2065 These can be used for GLS comparative phylogenetic methods (see
2066 the examples). There are coef() and corMatrix() methods and an
2067 Initialize.corPhyl() function associated.
2069 o The new function compar.cheverud() implements Cheverud et al.'s
2070 (1985; Evolution 39:1335) phylogenetic comparative method.
2072 o The new function varcomp() estimates variance components; it has
2075 o Two new functions, panel.superpose.correlogram() and
2076 plot.correlogramList(), allow to plot several phylogenetic
2079 o The new function node.leafnumber() computes the number of leaves
2080 of a subtree defined by a particular node.
2082 o The new function node.sons() gets all tags of son nodes from a
2085 o The new function compute.brlen() computes the branch lengths of
2086 a tree according to a specified method.
2088 o plot.phylo() has three new options: "cex" controls the size of
2089 the (tip and node) labels (thus it is no more needed to change
2090 the global graphical parameter), "direction" which allows to
2091 plot the tree rightwards, leftwards, upwards, or downwards, and
2092 "y.lim" which sets the upper limit on the y-axis.
2097 o Some functions which try to match tip labels and names of
2098 additional data (e.g. vector) are likely to fail if there are
2099 typing or syntax errors. If both series of names do not perfectly
2100 match, they are ignored and a warning message is now issued.
2101 These functions are bd.ext, compar.gee, pic. Their help pages
2102 have been clarified on this point.
2106 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-7
2111 o The new function root() reroots a phylogenetic tree with respect
2112 to a specified outgroup.
2114 o The new function rotate() rotates an internal branch of a tree.
2116 o In plot.phylo(), the new argument "lab4ut" (labels for unrooted
2117 trees) controls the display of the tip labels in unrooted trees.
2118 This display has been greatly improved: the tip labels are now not
2119 expected to overlap with the tree (particularly if lab4ut =
2120 "axial"). In all cases, combining appropriate values of "lab4ut"
2121 and the font size (via "par(cex = )") should result in readable
2122 unrooted trees. See ?plot.phylo for some examples.
2124 o In drop.tip(), the argument `tip' can now be numeric or character.
2129 o drop.tip() did not work correctly with trees with no branch
2130 lengths: this is fixed.
2132 o A bug in plot.phylo(..., type = "unrooted") made some trees being
2133 plotted with some line crossings: this is now fixed.
2137 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-6
2142 o Six new functions (Moran.I, correlogram.formula, discrete.dist,
2143 correlogram.phylo, dist.taxo, plot.correlogram) have been added
2144 to implement comparative methods with an autocorrelation approach.
2146 o A new data set describing some life history traits of Carnivores
2152 o A fix was made on mcmc.popsize() to conform to R 2.0.0.
2157 o When plotting a tree with plot.phylo(), the new default of the
2158 option `label.offset' is now 0, so the labels are always visible.
2162 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-5
2167 o The new function bd.ext() fits a birth-death model with combined
2168 phylogenetic and taxonomic data, and estimates the corresponding
2169 speciation and extinction rates.
2174 o The package gee is no more required by ape but only suggested
2175 since only the function compar.gee() calls gee.
2179 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-4
2184 o Four new functions (mcmc.popsize, extract.popsize, plot.popsize,
2185 and lines.popsize) implementing a new approach for inferring the
2186 demographic history from genealogies using a reversible jump
2187 MCMC have been introduced.
2189 o The unit of time in the skyline plot and in the new plots can
2190 now be chosen to be actual years, rather than substitutions.
2194 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-3
2199 o The new function rtree() generates a random binary tree with or
2200 without branch lengths.
2202 o Two new functions for drawing lineages-through-time (LTT) plots
2203 are provided: ltt.lines() adds a LTT curve to an existing plot,
2204 and mltt.plot() does a multiple LTT plot giving several trees as
2205 arguments (see `?ltt.plot' for details).
2210 o Some taxon names made R crashing when calling as.phylo.hclust():
2213 o dist.dna() returned an error with two identical DNA sequences
2214 (only using the Jukes-Cantor method returned 0): this is fixed.
2219 o The function dist.phylo() has been re-written using a different
2220 algorithm: it is now about four times faster.
2222 o The code of branching.times() has been improved: it is now about
2227 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-2
2232 o The new function seg.sites() finds the segregating sites in a
2233 sample of DNA sequences.
2238 o A bug introduced in read.tree() and in read.nexus() with version
2241 o A few errors were corrected and a few examples were added in the
2246 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-1
2251 o plot.phylo() can now draw the edge of the root of a tree if it
2252 has one (see the new option `root.edge', its default is FALSE).
2257 o A bug was fixed in read.nexus(): files with semicolons inside
2258 comment blocks were not read correctly.
2260 o The behaviour of read.tree() and read.nexus() was corrected so
2261 that tree files with badly represented root edges (e.g., with
2262 an extra pair of parentheses, see the help pages for details)
2263 are now correctly represented in the object of class "phylo";
2264 a warning message is now issued.
2268 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2
2273 o plot.phylo() has been completely re-written and offers several
2274 new functionalities. Three types of trees can now be drawn:
2275 phylogram (as previously), cladogram, and unrooted tree; in
2276 all three types the branch lengths can be drawn using the edge
2277 lengths of the phylogeny or not (e.g., if the latter is absent).
2278 The vertical position of the nodes can be adjusted with two
2279 choices (see option `node.pos'). The code has been re-structured,
2280 and two new functions (potentially useful for developpers) are
2281 documented separately: node.depth.edgelength() and node.depth();
2282 see the respective help pages for details.
2284 o The new function zoom() allows to explore very large trees by
2285 focusing on a small portion of it.
2287 o The new function yule() fits by maximum likelihood the Yule model
2288 (birth-only process) to a phylogenetic tree.
2290 o Support for writing DNA sequences in FASTA format has been
2291 introduced in write.dna() (support for reading sequences in
2292 this format was introduced in read.dna() in version 1.1-2).
2293 The function has been completely re-written, fixing some bugs
2294 (see below); the default behaviour is no more to display the
2295 sequences on the standard output. Several options have been
2296 introduced to control the sequence printing in a flexible
2297 way. The help page has been extended.
2299 o A new data set is included: a supertree of bats in NEXUS format.
2304 o In theta.s(), the default of the option `variance' has
2305 been changed to `FALSE' (as was indicated in the help page).
2307 o Several bugs were fixed in the code of all.equal.phylo().
2309 o Several bugs were fixed in write.dna(), particularly this
2310 function did not work with `format = "interleaved"'.
2312 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.
2317 o The argument names of as.hclust.phylo() have been changed
2318 from "(phy)" to "(x, ...)" to conform to the definition of
2319 the corresponding generic function.
2321 o gamma.stat() has been renamed gammaStat() to avoid confusion
2322 since gamma() is a generic function.
2326 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-3
2331 o base.freq() previously did not return a value of 0 for
2332 bases absent in the data (e.g., a vector of length 3 was
2333 returned if one base was absent). This is now fixed (a
2334 vector of length 4 is always returned).
2336 o Several bugs were fixed in read.nexus(), including that this
2337 function did not work in this absence of a "TRANSLATE"
2338 command in the NEXUS file, and that the commands were
2343 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-2
2348 o The Tamura and Nei (1993) model of DNA distance is now implemented
2349 in dist.dna(): five models are now available in this function.
2351 o A new data set is included: a set of 15 sequences of the
2352 cytochrome b mitochondrial gene of the woodmouse (Apodemus
2358 o A bug in read.nexus() was fixed.
2360 o read.dna() previously did not work correctly in most cases.
2361 The function has been completely re-written and its help page
2362 has been considerably extended (see ?read.dna for details).
2363 Underscores (_) in taxon names are no more replaced with
2364 spaces (this behaviour was undocumented).
2366 o A bug was fixed in write.dna().
2370 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-1
2375 o A bug in read.tree() introduced in APE 1.1 was fixed.
2377 o A bug in compar.gee() resulted in an error when trying to fit
2378 a model with `family = "binomial"'. This is now fixed.
2382 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1
2387 o The Klastorin (1982) method as suggested by Misawa and Tajima
2388 (2000, Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:1879-1884) for classifying genes
2389 on the basis of phylogenetic trees has been implemented (see
2390 the function klastorin()).
2392 o Functions have been added to convert APE's "phylo" objects in
2393 "hclust" cluster objects and vice versa (see the help page of
2394 as.phylo for details).
2396 o Three new functions, ratogram(), chronogram() and NPRS.criterion(),
2397 are introduced for the estimation of absolute evolutionary rates
2398 (ratogram) and dated clock-like trees (chronogram) from
2399 phylogenetic trees using the non-parametric rate smoothing approach
2400 by MJ Sanderson (1997, Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:1218-1231).
2402 o A summary method is now provided printing a summary information on a
2403 phylogenetic tree with, for instance, `summary(tree)'.
2405 o The behaviour of read.tree() was changed so that all spaces and
2406 tabulations in tree files are now ignored. Consequently, spaces in tip
2407 labels are no more allowed. Another side effect is that read.nexus()
2408 now does not replace the underscores (_) in tip labels with spaces
2409 (this behaviour was undocumented).
2411 o The function plot.phylo() has a new option (`underscore') which
2412 specifies whether the underscores in tip labels should be written on
2413 the plot as such or replaced with spaces (the default).
2415 o The function birthdeath() now computes 95% confidence intervals of
2416 the estimated parameters using profile likelihood.
2418 o Three new data sets are included: a gene tree estimated from 36
2419 landplant rbcL sequences, a gene tree estimated from 32 opsin
2420 sequences, and a gene tree for 50 BRCA1 mammalian sequences.
2425 o A bug was fixed in dist.gene() where nothing was returned.
2427 o A bug in plot.mst() was fixed.
2429 o A bug in vcv.phylo() resulted in false correlations when the
2430 option `cor = TRUE' was used (now fixed).
2434 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.0
2439 o Two new functions, read.dna() and write.dna(), read/write in a file
2440 DNA sequences in interleaved or in sequential format.
2442 o Two new functions, read.nexus() and write.nexus(), read/write trees
2445 o The new function bind.tree() allows to bind two trees together,
2446 possibly handling root edges to give internal branches.
2448 o The new function drop.tip() removes the tips in a phylogenetic tree,
2449 and trims (or not) the corresponding internal branches.
2451 o The new function is.ultrametric() tests if a tree is ultrametric.
2453 o The function plot.phylo() has more functionalities such as drawing the
2454 branches with different colours and/or different widths, showing the
2455 node labels, controling the position and font of the labels, rotating
2456 the labels, and controling the space around the plot.
2458 o The function read.tree() can now read trees with no branch length,
2459 such as "(a,b),c);". Consequently, the element `edge.length' in
2460 objects of class "phylo" is now optional.
2462 o The function write.tree() has a new default behaviour: if the default
2463 for the option `file' is used (i.e. file = ""), then a variable of
2464 mode character containing the tree in Newick format is returned which
2465 can thus be assigned (e.g., tree <- write.tree(phy)).
2467 o The function read.tree() has a new argument `text' which allows
2468 to read the tree in a variable of mode character.
2470 o A new data set is included: the phylogenetic relationships among
2471 the orders of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990).
2475 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2-1
2480 o Several bugs were fixed in the help pages.
2484 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2
2489 o The function write.tree() writes phylogenetic trees (objects of class
2490 "phylo") in an ASCII file using the Newick parenthetic format.
2492 o The function birthdeath() fits a birth-death model to branching times
2493 by maximum likelihood, and estimates the corresponding speciation and
2496 o The function scale.bar() adds a scale bar to a plot of a phylogenetic
2499 o The function is.binary.tree() tests whether a phylogeny is binary.
2501 o Two generic functions, coalescent.intervals() and collapsed.intervals(),
2502 as well as some methods are introduced.
2504 o Several functions, including some generics and methods, for computing
2505 skyline plot estimates (classic and generalized) of effective
2506 population size through time are introduced and replace the function
2507 skyline.plot() in version 0.1.
2509 o Two data sets are now included: the phylogenetic relationships among
2510 the families of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990), and an
2511 estimated clock-like phylogeny of HIV sequences sampled in the
2512 Democratic Republic of Congo.
2515 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
2517 o The function skyline.plot() in ape 0.1 has been deprecated and
2518 replaced by more elaborate functions (see above).
2523 o Two important bugs were fixed in plot.phylo(): phylogenies with
2524 multichotomies not at the root or not with only terminal branches,
2525 and phylogenies with a single node (i.e. only terminal branches)
2526 did not plot. These trees should be plotted correctly now.
2528 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time() in the computation of
2531 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.