1 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3-1
6 o There is now a c() method for lists of class "DNAbin".
8 o yule.cov() now fits the null model, and its help page has been
9 corrected with respect to this change.
14 o dist.gene() failed on most occasions with the default
15 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
17 o read.tree() failed to read correctly the tree name(s).
19 o boot.phylo() now treats correctly data frames.
21 o del.gaps() did not copy the rownames of a matrix.
23 o A small bug was fixed in CDAM.global().
25 o ace() failed with large data sets. Thanks to Rich FitzJohn for
26 the fix. With other improvements, this function is now about 6
32 o [.multiPhylo and [.DNAbin now respect the original class.
34 o Instances of the form class(phy) == "phylo" have been replaced
35 by inherits(phy, "phylo").
37 o rcoal() is now faster.
39 o klastorin() has been removed.
43 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3
48 o The new functions CADM.global and CADM.post, contributed by
49 Pierre Legendre, test the congruence among several distance
52 o The new function yule.time fits a user-defined time-dependent
53 Yule model by maximum likelihood.
55 o The new function makeNodeLabel creates and/or modifies node
56 labels in a flexible way.
58 o read.tree() and write.tree() have been modified so that they can
59 handle individual tree names.
61 o plot.phylo() has a new argument 'edge.lty' that specifies the
62 types of lines used for the edges (plain, dotted, dashed, ...)
64 o phymltest() has been updated to work with PhyML 3.0.1.
69 o drop.tip() shuffled tip labels in some cases.
71 o drop.tip() did not handle node.label correctly.
73 o is.ultrametric() now checks the ordering of the edge matrix.
75 o ace() sometimes returned negative values of likelihoods of
76 ancestral states (thanks to Dan Rabosky for solving this long
82 o The data set xenarthra has been removed.
86 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-4
90 o The bug fix in read.nexus() in version 2.2-3 was wrong: this is
91 now fixed. (Thanks to Peter Wragg for the fix!)
93 o A warning message occurred for no reason with ace(method="GLS").
98 o There is now a general help page displayed with '?ape'
102 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-3
107 o The new function extract.clade extracts a clade from a tree by
108 specifying a node number or label.
110 o fastme.bal() has two new options 'spr' and 'tbr' to perform tree
111 operations of the same names.
113 o dist.dna() can now return the number of site differences by
114 specifying model="N".
119 o chronopl() did not work with CV = TRUE.
121 o read.nexus() did not work correctly in some situations (trees on
122 multiple lines with different numbers of lines and/or with
123 comments inserted within the trees).
125 o ltt.plot(), ltt.lines(), and mltt.plot() did not count correctly
126 the number of lineages with non-binary trees.
131 o ape has now a namespace.
133 o drip.tip() has been improved: it should be much faster and work
134 better in some cases (e.g., see the example in ?zoom).
138 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-2
143 o dist.gene() has been substantially improved and gains an option
146 o cbind.DNAbin() has a new option 'fill.with.gaps' and is now
152 o prop.part() failed with a single tree with the default option
153 'check.labels = TRUE'.
155 o summary.DNAbin() failed to display correctly the summary of
156 sequence lengths with lists of sequences of 10,000 bases or more
157 (because summary.default uses 4 significant digits by default).
159 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree with line
160 breaks in the Newick string.
162 o del.gaps() returned a list of empty sequences when there were no
168 o phymltest() has been updated for PhyML 3.0 and gains an option
169 'append', whereas the option 'path2exec' has been removed.
171 o rbind.DNAbin() and cbind.DNAbin() now accept a single matrix
172 which is returned unchanged (instead of an error).
174 o The data sets bird.orders and bird.families are now stored as
175 Newick strings; i.e., the command data(bird.orders) calls
180 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-1
185 o The new function makeLabel() helps to modify labels of trees,
186 lists of trees, or DNA sequences, with several utilities to
187 truncate and/or make them unique, substituting some
188 characters, and so on.
190 o The new function del.gaps() removes insertion gaps ("-") in a
191 set of DNA sequences.
193 o read.dna() can now read Clustal files (*.aln).
198 o root() failed with 'resolve.root = TRUE' when the root was
199 already the specified root.
201 o Several bugs were fixed in mlphylo().
203 o collapsed.singles() did not propagate the 'Nnode' and
204 'node.labels' elements (thanks to Elizabeth Purdom for the fix).
206 o read.nexus() failed to remove correctly the comments within
209 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree and no
210 translation of tip labels.
212 o read.nexus() failed to place correctly tip labels when reading
213 a single tree with no edge lengths.
215 o A bug was fixed in sh.test().
220 o unique.multiPhylo() is faster thanks to a suggestion by Vladimir
223 o The option 'check.labels' of consensus() and prop.part() is now
226 o write.dna() now does not truncate names to 10 characters with
231 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2
236 o Four new functions have been written by Damien de Vienne for the
237 graphical exploration of large trees (cophyloplot, subtrees,
238 subtreeplot), and to return the graphical coordinates of tree
241 o The new functions corPagel and corBlomberg implement the Pagel's
242 "lambda" and Blomberg et al.'s "ACDC" correlation structures.
244 o chronopl() has been improved and gains several options: see its
245 help page for details.
247 o boot.phylo() has now an option 'trees' to possibly return the
248 bootstraped trees (the default is FALSE).
250 o prop.part() has been improved and should now be faster in all
256 o read.dna() failed if "?" occurred in the first 10 sites of the
259 o The x/y aspect of the plot is now respected when plotting a
260 circular tree (type = "r" or "f").
262 o Drawing the tip labels sometimes failed when plotting circular
265 o zoom() failed when tip labels were used instead of their numbers
266 (thanks to Yan Wong for the fix).
268 o drop.tip() failed with some trees (fixed by Yan Wong).
270 o seg.sites() failed with a list.
272 o consensus() failed in some cases. The function has been improved
273 as well and is faster.
277 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-3
282 o A bug in read.nexus() made the Windows R-GUI crash.
284 o An error was fixed in the computation of ancestral character
285 states by generalized least squares in ace().
287 o di2multi() did not modify node labels correctly.
289 o multi2di() failed if the tree had its attribute "order" set to
294 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-2
299 o There three new methods for the "multiPhylo" class: str, $,
302 o root() gains the options 'node' and 'resolve.root'
303 (FALSE by default) as well as its code being improved.
305 o mltt.plot() has now an option 'log' used in the same way
306 than in plot.default().
311 o mltt.plot() failed to display the legend with an unnamed
314 o nodelabels() with pies now correcly uses the argument
315 'cex' to draw symbols of different sizes (which has
316 worked already for thermometers).
318 o read.nexus() generally failed to read very big files.
323 o The argument 'family' of compar.gee() can now be a function
324 as well as a character string.
326 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an unnamed list if
329 o read.nexus() now returns a modified object of class "multiPhylo"
330 when there is a TRANSLATE block in the NEXUS file: the individual
331 trees have no 'tip.label' vector, but the list has a 'TipLabel'
332 attribute. The new methods '$' and '[[' set these elements
333 correctly when extracting trees.
337 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-1
342 o The new function rmtree generates lists of random trees.
344 o rcoal() now generates a genuine coalescent tree by default
345 (thanks to Vladimir Minin for the code).
350 o nuc.div() returned an incorrect value with the default
351 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
356 o The internal codes of bionj(), fastme.bal(), and fastme.ols()
357 have been improved so that they are stabler and faster.
359 o R packages used by ape are now loaded silently; lattice and gee
360 are loaded only when needed.
364 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1
369 o The new function identify.phylo identifies clades on a plotted
370 tree using the mouse.
372 o It is now possible to subset a list of trees (object of class
373 "multiPhylo") with "[" while keeping its class correct.
375 o The new function as.DNAbin.alignment converts DNA sequences
376 stored in the "alignment" format of the package seqinr into
377 an object of class "DNAbin".
379 o The new function weight.taxo2 helps to build similarity matrices
380 given two taxonomic levels (usually called by other functions).
382 o write.tree() can now take a list of trees (class "multiPhylo")
383 as its main argument.
385 o plot.correlogram() and plot.correlogramList() have been
386 improved, and gain several options (see the help page for
387 details). A legend is now plotted by default.
392 o dist.dna() returned some incorrect values with `model = "JC69"'
393 and `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'. This affected only the
394 distances involving sequences with missing values. (Thanks
395 to Bruno Toupance for digging this bug out.)
397 o write.tree() failed with some trees: this is fixed by removing
398 the `multi.line' option (trees are now always printed on a
401 o read.nexus() did not correctly detect trees with multiple root
402 edges (see OTHER CHANGES).
407 o The code of mlphylo() has been almost entirely rewritten, and
408 should be much stabler. The options have been also greatly
409 simplified (see ?mlphylo and ?DNAmodel for details).
411 o The internal function nTips has been renamed klastorin_nTips.
413 o The code of is.ultrametric() contained redundancies and has
416 o The code of Moran.I() and of correlogram.formula() have been
419 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an error when trying to
420 read a tree with multiple root edges (see BUG FIXES). The
421 correction applied in previous version did not work in all
424 o The class c("multi.tree", "phylo") has been renamed
430 o There is now a vignette in ape: see vignette("MoranI", "ape").
435 o as.matching() and as.phylo.matching() do not support branch
438 o correlogram.phylo() and discrete.dist() have been removed.
442 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-2
447 o The new function matexpo computes the exponential of a square
450 o The new function unique.multi.tree removes duplicate trees from
453 o yule() has a new option `use.root.edge = FALSE' that specifies
454 to ignore, by default, the root edge of the tree if it exists.
459 o which.edge() failed when the index of a single terminal edge was
462 o In diversi.time(), the values returned for model C were
465 o A bug was fixed in yule() that affected the calculation of the
466 likelihood in the presence of ties in the branching times.
468 o There was a bug in the C function mat_expo4x4 affecting the
469 calculations of the transition probabilities for models HKY and
472 o A small bug was fixed in as.matrix.DNAbin (thanks to James
475 o rtree() did not `shuffle' the tip labels by default, so only a
476 limited number of labelled topologies could be generated.
480 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-1
485 o The three new functions bionj, fastme.ols, and fastme.bal
486 perform phylogeny estimation by the BIONJ and fastME methods in
487 OLS and balanced versions. This is a port to R of previous
488 previous programs done by Vincent Lefort.
490 o The new function chronoMPL performs molecular dating with the
491 mean path lengths method of Britton et al. (2002, Mol. Phyl.
494 o The new function rotate, contributed by Christoph Heibl, swaps
495 two clades connected to the same node. It works also with
496 multichotomous nodes.
498 o The new `method' as.matrix.DNAbin() may be used to convert
499 easily DNA sequences stored in a list into a matrix while
500 keeping the names and the class.
505 o chronopl() failed when some branch lengths were equal to zero:
506 an error message is now returned.
508 o di2multi() failed when there was a series of consecutive edges
513 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-2
518 o plot.phylo() can now plot circular trees: the option is type =
519 "fan" or type = "f" (to avoid the ambiguity with type = "c").
521 o prop.part() has a new option `check.labels = FALSE' which allows
522 to considerably speed-up the calculations of bipartitions. As a
523 consequence, calculations of bootstrap values with boot.phylo()
524 should be much faster.
529 o read.GenBank() did not return correctly the list of species as
530 from ape 1.10: this is fixed in this version
532 o Applying as.phylo() on a tree of class "phylo" failed: the
533 object is now returned unchanged.
537 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-1
542 o The three new functions Ntip, Nnode, and Nedge return, for a
543 given tree, the number of tips, nodes, or edges, respectively.
548 o read.nexus() did not set correctly the class of the returned
549 object when reading multiple trees.
551 o mllt.plot() failed with objects of class c("multi.tree",
554 o unroot() did not work correctly in most cases.
556 o reorder.phylo() made R freeze in some occasions.
558 o Plotting a tree in pruningwise order failed.
560 o When plotting an unrooted tree, the tip labels where not all
561 correctly positioned if the option `cex' was used.
565 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10
570 o Five new `method' functions have been introduced to manipulate
571 DNA sequences in binary format (see below).
573 o Three new functions have been introduced to convert between the
574 new binary and the character formats.
576 o The new function as.alignment converts DNA sequences stored as
577 single characters into the class "alignment" used by the package
580 o read.dna() and read.GenBank() have a new argument `as.character'
581 controlling whether the sequences are returned in binary format
587 o root() failed when the tree had node labels: this is fixed.
589 o plot.phylo() did not correctly set the limits on the y-axis with
590 the default setting: this is fixed.
592 o dist.dna() returned a wrong result for the LogDet, paralinear,
593 and BH87 models with `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'.
598 o DNA sequences are now internally stored in a binary format. See
599 the document "A Bit-Level Coding Scheme for Nucleotides" for the
600 details. Most functions analyzing DNA functions have been
601 modified accordingly and are now much faster (dist.dna is now
602 ca. 60 times faster).
606 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-4
611 o A bug was fixed in edgelabels().
613 o as.phylo.hclust() did not work correctly when the object of
614 class "hclust" has its labels set to NULL: the returned tree has
615 now its tip labels set to "1", "2", ...
617 o consensus could fail if some tip labels are a subset of others
618 (e.g., "a" and "a_1"): this is now fixed.
620 o mlphylo() failed in most cases if some branch lengths of the
621 initial tree were greater than one: an error message is now
624 o mlphylo() failed in most cases when estimating the proportion of
625 invariants: this is fixed.
629 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-3
634 o The new function edgelabels adds labels on the edge of the tree
635 in the same way than nodelabels or tiplabels.
640 o multi2di() did not handle correctly branch lengths with the
641 default option `random = TRUE': this is now fixed.
643 o A bug was fixed in nuc.div() when using pairwise deletions.
645 o A bug occurred in the analysis of bipartitions with large
646 numbers of large trees, with consequences on prop.part,
647 prop.clades, and boot.phylo.
649 o The calculation of the Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann distance in
650 dist.topo was wrong: this has been fixed.
654 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-2
659 o The new function ladderize reorganizes the internal structure of
660 a tree to plot them left- or right-ladderized.
662 o The new function dist.nodes computes the patristic distances
663 between all nodes, internal and terminal, of a tree. It replaces
664 the option `full = TRUE' of cophenetic.phylo (see below).
669 o A bug was fixed in old2new.phylo().
671 o Some bugs were fixed in chronopl().
673 o The edge colours were not correctly displayed by plot.phylo
674 (thank you to Li-San Wang for the fix).
676 o cophenetic.phylo() failed with multichotomous trees: this is
682 o read.dna() now returns the sequences in a matrix if they are
683 aligned (interleaved or sequential format). Sequences in FASTA
684 format are still returned in a list.
686 o The option `full' of cophenetic.phylo() has been removed because
687 it could not be used from the generic.
692 o rotate() has been removed; this function did not work correctly
697 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-1
702 o Trees with a single tip were not read correctly in R as the
703 element `Nnode' was not set: this is fixed.
705 o unroot() did not set correctly the number of nodes of the
706 unrooted tree in most cases.
708 o read.GenBank() failed when fetching very long sequences,
709 particularly of the BX-series.
711 o A bug was introduced in read.tree() with ape 1.9: it has been
716 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9
721 o There are two new print `methods' for trees of class "phylo" and
722 lists of trees of class "multi.tree", so that they are now
723 displayed in a compact and informative way.
725 o There are two new functions, old2new.phylo and new2old.phylo,
726 for converting between the old and new coding of the class
729 o dist.dna() has three new models: Barry and Hartigan ("BH87"),
730 LogDet ("logdet"), and paralinear ("paralin").
732 o compute.brlen() has been extended: several methods are now
733 available to compute branch lengths.
735 o write.dna() can now handle matrices as well as lists.
740 o cophenetic.phylo() sometimes returned a wrong result with
741 multichotomous trees: this is fixed.
743 o rotate() failed when a single tip was specified: the tree is now
746 o ace() did not return the correct index matrix with custom
747 models: this is fixed.
749 o multi2di() did not work correctly when resolving multichotomies
750 randomly: the topology was always the same, only the arrangement
751 of clades was randomized: this is fixed. This function now
752 accepts trees with no branch lengths.
754 o The output of diversi.gof() was blurred by useless prints when a
755 user distribution was specified. This has been corrected, and
756 the help page of this function has been expanded.
761 o The internal structure of the class "phylo" has been changed:
762 see the document "Definition of Formats for Coding Phylogenetic
763 Trees in R" for the details. In addition, the code of most
764 functions has been improved.
766 o Several functions have been improved by replacing some R codes
767 by C codes: pic, plot.phylo, and reorder.phylo.
769 o There is now a citation information: see citation("ape") in R.
771 o write.tree() now does not add extra 0's to branch lengths so
772 that 1.23 is printed "1.23" by default, not "1.2300000000".
774 o The syntax of bind.tree() has been simplified. This function now
775 accepts trees with no branch lengths, and handles correctly node
778 o The option `as.numeric' of mrca() has been removed.
780 o The unused options `format' and `rooted' of read.tree() have
783 o The unused option `format' of write.tree() has been removed.
785 o The use of node.depth() has been simplified.
789 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-5
794 o Two new functions read.nexus.data() and write.nexus.data(),
795 contributed by Johan Nylander, allow to read and write molecular
796 sequences in NEXUS files.
798 o The new function reorder.phylo() reorders the internal structure
799 of a tree of class "phylo". It is used as the generic, e.g.,
802 o read.tree() and read.nexus() can now read trees with a single
805 o The new data set `cynipids' supplies a set of protein sequences
811 o The code of all.equal.phylo() has been completely rewritten
812 (thanks to Benoît Durand) which fixes several bugs.
814 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now checks the labels of the tree
815 to remove or substitute any characters that are illegal in the
816 Newick format (parentheses, etc.)
818 o A negative P-value could be returned by mantel.test(): this is
823 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-4
828 o The new function sh.test() computes the Shimodaira-
831 o The new function collapse.singles() removes the nodes with a
832 single descendant from a tree.
834 o plot.phylo() has a new argument `tip.color' to specify the
837 o mlphylo() has now an option `quiet' to control the display of
838 the progress of the analysis (the default is FALSE).
843 o read.dna() did not read correctly sequences in sequential format
844 with leading alignment gaps "-": this is fixed.
846 o ace() returned a list with no class so that the generic
847 functions (anova, logLik, ...) could not be used directly. This
848 is fixed as ace() now returns an object of class "ace".
850 o anova.ace() had a small bug when computing the number of degrees
851 of freedom: this is fixed.
853 o mlphylo() did not work when the sequences were in a matrix or
854 a data frame: this is fixed.
856 o rtree() did not work correctly when trying to simulate an
857 unrooted tree with two tips: an error message is now issued.
862 o The algorithm of rtree() has been changed: it is now about 40,
863 100, and 130 times faster for 10, 100, and 1000 tips,
868 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-3
873 o There are four new `method' functions to be used with the
874 results of ace(): logLik(), deviance(), AIC(), and anova().
876 o The plot method of phymltest has two new arguments: `main' to
877 change the title, and `col' to control the colour of the
878 segments showing the AIC values.
880 o ace() has a new argument `ip' that gives the initial values used
881 in the ML estimation with discrete characters (see the examples
882 in ?ace). This function now returns a matrix giving the indices
883 of the estimated rates when analysing discrete characters.
885 o nodelabels() and tiplabels() have a new argument `pie' to
886 represent proportions, with any number of categories, as
887 piecharts. The use of the option `thermo' has been improved:
888 there is now no limitation on the number of categories.
893 o mlphylo() did not work with more than two partitions: this is
896 o root() failed if the proposed outgroup was already an outgroup
897 in the tree: this is fixed.
899 o The `col' argument in nodelabels() and tiplabels() was not
900 correctly passed when `text' was used: this is fixed.
902 o Two bugs were fixed in mlphylo(): parameters were not always
903 correctly output, and the estimation failed in some cases.
905 o plot.phylo() was stuck when given a tree with a single tip: this
906 is fixed and a message error is now returned.
908 o An error was corrected in the help page of gammaStat regarding
909 the calculation of P-values.
911 o Using gls() could crash R when the number of species in the tree
912 and in the variables were different: this is fixed.
916 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-2
921 o The new function mlphylo() fits a phylogenetic tree by maximum
922 likelihood from DNA sequences. Its companion function DNAmodel()
923 is used to define the substitution model which may include
924 partitioning. There are methods for logLik(), deviance(), and
925 AIC(), and the summary() method has been extended to display in
926 a friendly way the results of this model fitting. Currently, the
927 functionality is limited to estimating the substitution and
928 associated parameters and computing the likelihood.
930 o The new function drop1.compar.gee (used as, e.g., drop1(m))
931 tests for single effects in GEE-based comparative method. A
932 warning message is printed if there is not enough degrees of
938 o An error message was sometimes issued by plot.multi.tree(),
939 though with no consequence.
943 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-1
948 o There is a new plot method for lists of trees (objects of class
949 "multi.tree"): it calls plot.phylo() internally and is
950 documented on the same help page.
955 o A bug was fixed in the C code that analyzes bipartitions: this
956 has impact on several functions like prop.part, prop.clades,
957 boot.phylo, or consensus.
959 o root() did not work correctly when the specified outgroup had
960 more than one element: this is fixed.
962 o dist.dna() sometimes returned a warning inappropriately: this
965 o If the distance object given to nj() had no rownames, nj()
966 returned a tree with no tip labels: it now returns tips labelled
967 "1", "2", ..., corresponding to the row numbers.
972 o nj() has been slightly changed so that tips with a zero distance
973 are first aggregated with zero-lengthed branches; the usual NJ
974 procedure is then performed on a distance matrix without 0's.
978 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8
983 o The new function chronopl() estimates dates using the penalized
984 likelihood method by Sanderson (2002; Mol. Biol. Evol., 19:101).
986 o The new function consensus() calculates the consensus tree of a
989 o The new function evolve.phylo() simulates the evolution of
990 continuous characters along a phylogeny under a Brownian model.
992 o The new plot method for objects of class "ancestral" displays a
993 tree together with ancestral values, as returned by the above
996 o The new function as.phylo.formula() returns a phylogeny from a
997 set of nested taxonomic variables given as a formula.
999 o The new function read.caic() reads trees in CAIC format.
1001 o The new function tiplabels() allows to add labels to the tips
1002 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1004 o The new function unroot() unroots a phylogeny.
1006 o multi2di() has a new option, `random', which specifies whether
1007 to resolve the multichotomies randomly (the default) or not.
1009 o prop.part() now returns an object of class "prop.part" for which
1010 there are print (to display a partition in a more friendly way)
1011 and summary (to extract the numbers) methods.
1013 o plot.phylo() has a new option, `show.tip.label', specifying
1014 whether to print the labels of the tips. The default is TRUE.
1016 o The code of nj() has been replaced by a faster C code: it is now
1017 about 10, 25, and 40 times faster for 50, 100, and 200 taxa,
1020 o write.nexus() now writes whether a tree is rooted or not.
1025 o Two bugs have been fixed in root(): unrooted trees are now
1026 handled corretly, and node labels are now output normally.
1028 o A bug was fixed in phymltest(): the executable couldn't be found
1031 o Three bug have been fixed in ace(): computing the likelihood of
1032 ancestral states of discrete characters failed, custom models
1033 did not work, and the function failed with a null gradient (a
1034 warning message is now returned; this latter bug was also
1035 present in yule.cov() as well and is now fixed).
1037 o pic() hanged out when missing data were present: a message error
1040 o A small bug was fixed in dist.dna() where the gamma correction
1041 was not always correctly dispatched.
1043 o plot.phylo() plotted correctly the root edge only when the tree
1044 was plotted rightwards: this works now for all directions.
1049 o dist.taxo() has been renamed as weight.taxo().
1051 o Various error and warning messages have been improved.
1055 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.7
1058 o The new function ace() estimates ancestral character states for
1059 continuous characters (with ML, GLS, and contrasts methods), and
1060 discrete characters (with ML only) for any number of states.
1062 o The new function compar.ou() fits the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model
1063 of directional evolution for continuous characters. The user
1064 specifies the node(s) of the tree where the character optimum
1067 o The new function is.rooted() tests whether a tree (of class
1070 o The new function rcoal() generates random ultrametric trees with
1071 the possibility to specify the function that generates the
1072 inter-nodes distances.
1074 o The new function mrca() gives for all pairs of tips in a tree
1075 (and optionally nodes too) the most recent common ancestor.
1077 o nodelabels() has a new option `thermo' to plot proportions (up
1078 to three classes) on the nodes of a tree.
1080 o rtree() has been improved: it can now generate rooted or
1081 unrooted trees, and the mathematical function that generates the
1082 branch lengths may be specified by the user. The tip labels may
1083 be given directly in the call to rtree. The limit cases (n = 2,
1084 3) are now handled correctly.
1086 o dist.topo() has a new argument `method' with two choices: "PH85"
1087 for Penny and Henny's method (already available before and now
1088 the default), and "BHV01" for the geometric distance by Billera
1089 et al. (2001, Adv. Appl. Math. 27:733).
1091 o write.tree() has a new option, `digits', which specifies the
1092 number of digits to be printed in the Newick tree. By default
1093 digits = 10. The numbers are now always printed in decimal form
1094 (i.e., 1.0e-1 is now avoided).
1096 o dist.dna() can now compute the raw distances between pairs of
1097 DNA sequences by specifying model = "raw".
1099 o dist.phylo() has a new option `full' to possibly compute the
1100 distances among all tips and nodes of the tree. The default if
1106 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo().
1108 o dist.dna() did not handle correctly gaps ("-") in alignments:
1109 they are now considered as missing data.
1111 o rotate() did not work if the tips were not ordered: this is
1114 o mantel.test() returned NA in some special cases: this is fixed
1115 and the function has been improved and is now faster.
1117 o A bug was fixed in diversi.gof() where the calculation of A² was
1120 o cherry() did not work correctly under some OSs (mainly Linux):
1123 o is.binary.tree() has been modified so that it works with both
1124 rooted and unrooted trees.
1126 o The documentation of theta.s() was not correct: this has been
1129 o plot.mst() did not work correctly: this is fixed.
1133 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.6
1138 o The new function dist.topo() computes the topological distances
1141 o The new function boot.phylo() performs a bootstrap analysis on
1142 phylogeny estimation.
1144 o The new functions prop.part() and prop.clades() analyse
1145 bipartitions from a series of trees.
1150 o read.GenBank() now uses the EFetch utility of NCBI instead of
1151 the usual Web interface: it is now much faster (e.g., 12 times
1152 faster to retrieve 8 sequences, 37 times for 60 sequences).
1157 o Several bugs were fixed in read.dna().
1159 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time().
1161 o is.binary.tree() did not work correctly if the tree has no edge
1162 lengths: this is fixed.
1164 o drop.tip() did not correctly propagated the `node.label' of a
1165 tree: this is fixed.
1169 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.5
1174 o Two new functions, as.matching.phylo() and as.phylo.matching(),
1175 convert objects between the classes "phylo" and "matching". The
1176 latter implements the representation of binary trees introduced by
1177 Diaconis and Holmes (1998; PNAS 95:14600). The generic function
1178 as.matching() has been introduced as well.
1180 o Two new functions, multi2di() and di2multi(), allow to resolve
1181 and collapse multichotomies with branches of length zero.
1183 o The new function nuc.div() computes the nucleotide diversity
1184 from a sample a DNA sequences.
1186 o dist.dna() has been completely rewritten with a much faster
1187 (particularly for large data sets) C code. Eight models are
1188 available: JC69, K80, F81, K81, F84, T92, TN93, and GG95 (the
1189 option `method' has been renamed `model'). Computation of variance
1190 is available for all models. A gamma-correction is possible for
1191 JC69, K80, F81, and TN93. There is a new option, pairwise.deletion,
1192 to remove sites with missing data on a pairwise basis. The option
1193 `GCcontent' has been removed.
1195 o read.GenBank() has a new option (species.names) which specifies
1196 whether to return the species names of the organisms in addition
1197 to the accession numbers of the sequences (this is the default
1200 o write.nexus() can now write several trees in the same NEXUS file.
1202 o drop.tip() has a new option `root.edge' that allows to specify the
1203 new root edge if internal branches are trimmed.
1208 o as.phylo.hclust() failed if some labels had parentheses: this
1211 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo(). This function now
1212 returns the logical TRUE if the trees are identical but with
1213 different representations (a report was printed previously).
1215 o read.GenBank() did not correctly handle ambiguous base codes:
1221 o birthdeath() now returns an object of class "birthdeath" for
1222 which there is a print method.
1226 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.4
1231 o The new function nj() performs phylogeny estimation with the
1232 neighbor-joining method of Saitou and Nei (1987; Mol. Biol.
1235 o The new function which.edge() identifies the edges of a tree
1236 that belong to a group specified as a set of tips.
1238 o The new function as.phylo.phylog() converts an object of class
1239 "phylog" (from the package ade4) into an object of class
1242 o The new function axisPhylo() draws axes on the side of a
1245 o The new function howmanytrees() calculates the number of trees
1246 in different cases and giving a number of tips.
1248 o write.tree() has a new option `multi.line' (TRUE by default) to
1249 write a Newick tree on several lines rather than on a single
1252 o The functionalities of zoom() have been extended. Several
1253 subtrees can be visualized at the same time, and they are marked
1254 on the main tree with colors. The context of the subtrees can be
1255 marked with the option `subtree' (see below).
1257 o drop.tip() has a new option `subtree' (FALSE by default) which
1258 specifies whether to output in the tree how many tips have been
1261 o The arguments of add.scale.bar() have been redefined and have
1262 now default values (see ?add.scale.bar for details). This
1263 function now works even if the plotted tree has no edge length.
1265 o plot.phylo() can now plot radial trees, but this does not take
1266 edge lengths into account.
1268 o In plot.phylo() with `type = "phylogram"', if the values of
1269 `edge.color' and `edge.width' are identical for sister-branches,
1270 they are propagated to the vertical line that link them.
1275 o Repeated calls to as.phylo.hclust() or as.hclust.phylo() made R
1276 crashing. This is fixed.
1278 o In plot.phylo(), the options `edge.color' and `edge.width' are
1279 now properly recycled; their default values are now "black" and
1282 o A bug has been fixed in write.nexus().
1287 o The function node.depth.edgelength() has been removed and
1288 replaced by a C code.
1292 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3-1
1297 o The new function nodelabels() allows to add labels to the nodes
1298 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1300 o In plot.phylo() the arguments `x.lim' and `y.lim' can now be two
1301 numeric values specifying the lower and upper limits on the x-
1302 and y-axes. This allows to leave some space on any side of the
1303 tree. If a single value is given, this is taken as the upper
1308 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3
1313 o The new function phymltest() calls the software PHYML and fits
1314 28 models of DNA sequence evolution. There are a print method to
1315 display likelihood and AIC values, a summary method to compute
1316 the hierarchical likelihood ratio tests, and a plot method to
1317 display graphically the AIC values of each model.
1319 o The new function yule.cov() fits the Yule model with covariates,
1320 a model where the speciation rate is affected by several species
1321 traits through a generalized linear model. The parameters are
1322 estimated by maximum likelihood.
1324 o Three new functions, corBrownian(), corGrafen(), and
1325 corMartins(), compute the expected correlation structures among
1326 species given a phylogeny under different models of evolution.
1327 These can be used for GLS comparative phylogenetic methods (see
1328 the examples). There are coef() and corMatrix() methods and an
1329 Initialize.corPhyl() function associated.
1331 o The new function compar.cheverud() implements Cheverud et al.'s
1332 (1985; Evolution 39:1335) phylogenetic comparative method.
1334 o The new function varcomp() estimates variance components; it has
1337 o Two new functions, panel.superpose.correlogram() and
1338 plot.correlogramList(), allow to plot several phylogenetic
1341 o The new function node.leafnumber() computes the number of leaves
1342 of a subtree defined by a particular node.
1344 o The new function node.sons() gets all tags of son nodes from a
1347 o The new function compute.brlen() computes the branch lengths of
1348 a tree according to a specified method.
1350 o plot.phylo() has three new options: "cex" controls the size of
1351 the (tip and node) labels (thus it is no more needed to change
1352 the global graphical parameter), "direction" which allows to
1353 plot the tree rightwards, leftwards, upwards, or downwards, and
1354 "y.lim" which sets the upper limit on the y-axis.
1359 o Some functions which try to match tip labels and names of
1360 additional data (e.g. vector) are likely to fail if there are
1361 typing or syntax errors. If both series of names do not perfectly
1362 match, they are ignored and a warning message is now issued.
1363 These functions are bd.ext, compar.gee, pic. Their help pages
1364 have been clarified on this point.
1368 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-7
1373 o The new function root() reroots a phylogenetic tree with respect
1374 to a specified outgroup.
1376 o The new function rotate() rotates an internal branch of a tree.
1378 o In plot.phylo(), the new argument "lab4ut" (labels for unrooted
1379 trees) controls the display of the tip labels in unrooted trees.
1380 This display has been greatly improved: the tip labels are now not
1381 expected to overlap with the tree (particularly if lab4ut =
1382 "axial"). In all cases, combining appropriate values of "lab4ut"
1383 and the font size (via "par(cex = )") should result in readable
1384 unrooted trees. See ?plot.phylo for some examples.
1386 o In drop.tip(), the argument `tip' can now be numeric or character.
1391 o drop.tip() did not work correctly with trees with no branch
1392 lengths: this is fixed.
1394 o A bug in plot.phylo(..., type = "unrooted") made some trees being
1395 plotted with some line crossings: this is now fixed.
1399 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-6
1404 o Six new functions (Moran.I, correlogram.formula, discrete.dist,
1405 correlogram.phylo, dist.taxo, plot.correlogram) have been added
1406 to implement comparative methods with an autocorrelation approach.
1408 o A new data set describing some life history traits of Carnivores
1414 o A fix was made on mcmc.popsize() to conform to R 2.0.0.
1419 o When plotting a tree with plot.phylo(), the new default of the
1420 option `label.offset' is now 0, so the labels are always visible.
1424 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-5
1429 o The new function bd.ext() fits a birth-death model with combined
1430 phylogenetic and taxonomic data, and estimates the corresponding
1431 speciation and extinction rates.
1436 o The package gee is no more required by ape but only suggested
1437 since only the function compar.gee() calls gee.
1441 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-4
1446 o Four new functions (mcmc.popsize, extract.popsize, plot.popsize,
1447 and lines.popsize) implementing a new approach for inferring the
1448 demographic history from genealogies using a reversible jump
1449 MCMC have been introduced.
1451 o The unit of time in the skyline plot and in the new plots can
1452 now be chosen to be actual years, rather than substitutions.
1456 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-3
1461 o The new function rtree() generates a random binary tree with or
1462 without branch lengths.
1464 o Two new functions for drawing lineages-through-time (LTT) plots
1465 are provided: ltt.lines() adds a LTT curve to an existing plot,
1466 and mltt.plot() does a multiple LTT plot giving several trees as
1467 arguments (see `?ltt.plot' for details).
1472 o Some taxon names made R crashing when calling as.phylo.hclust():
1475 o dist.dna() returned an error with two identical DNA sequences
1476 (only using the Jukes-Cantor method returned 0): this is fixed.
1481 o The function dist.phylo() has been re-written using a different
1482 algorithm: it is now about four times faster.
1484 o The code of branching.times() has been improved: it is now about
1489 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-2
1494 o The new function seg.sites() finds the segregating sites in a
1495 sample of DNA sequences.
1500 o A bug introduced in read.tree() and in read.nexus() with version
1503 o A few errors were corrected and a few examples were added in the
1508 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-1
1513 o plot.phylo() can now draw the edge of the root of a tree if it
1514 has one (see the new option `root.edge', its default is FALSE).
1519 o A bug was fixed in read.nexus(): files with semicolons inside
1520 comment blocks were not read correctly.
1522 o The behaviour of read.tree() and read.nexus() was corrected so
1523 that tree files with badly represented root edges (e.g., with
1524 an extra pair of parentheses, see the help pages for details)
1525 are now correctly represented in the object of class "phylo";
1526 a warning message is now issued.
1530 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2
1535 o plot.phylo() has been completely re-written and offers several
1536 new functionalities. Three types of trees can now be drawn:
1537 phylogram (as previously), cladogram, and unrooted tree; in
1538 all three types the branch lengths can be drawn using the edge
1539 lengths of the phylogeny or not (e.g., if the latter is absent).
1540 The vertical position of the nodes can be adjusted with two
1541 choices (see option `node.pos'). The code has been re-structured,
1542 and two new functions (potentially useful for developpers) are
1543 documented separately: node.depth.edgelength() and node.depth();
1544 see the respective help pages for details.
1546 o The new function zoom() allows to explore very large trees by
1547 focusing on a small portion of it.
1549 o The new function yule() fits by maximum likelihood the Yule model
1550 (birth-only process) to a phylogenetic tree.
1552 o Support for writing DNA sequences in FASTA format has been
1553 introduced in write.dna() (support for reading sequences in
1554 this format was introduced in read.dna() in version 1.1-2).
1555 The function has been completely re-written, fixing some bugs
1556 (see below); the default behaviour is no more to display the
1557 sequences on the standard output. Several options have been
1558 introduced to control the sequence printing in a flexible
1559 way. The help page has been extended.
1561 o A new data set is included: a supertree of bats in NEXUS format.
1566 o In theta.s(), the default of the option `variance' has
1567 been changed to `FALSE' (as was indicated in the help page).
1569 o Several bugs were fixed in the code of all.equal.phylo().
1571 o Several bugs were fixed in write.dna(), particularly this
1572 function did not work with `format = "interleaved"'.
1574 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.
1579 o The argument names of as.hclust.phylo() have been changed
1580 from "(phy)" to "(x, ...)" to conform to the definition of
1581 the corresponding generic function.
1583 o gamma.stat() has been renamed gammaStat() to avoid confusion
1584 since gamma() is a generic function.
1588 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-3
1593 o base.freq() previously did not return a value of 0 for
1594 bases absent in the data (e.g., a vector of length 3 was
1595 returned if one base was absent). This is now fixed (a
1596 vector of length 4 is always returned).
1598 o Several bugs were fixed in read.nexus(), including that this
1599 function did not work in this absence of a "TRANSLATE"
1600 command in the NEXUS file, and that the commands were
1605 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-2
1610 o The Tamura and Nei (1993) model of DNA distance is now implemented
1611 in dist.dna(): five models are now available in this function.
1613 o A new data set is included: a set of 15 sequences of the
1614 cytochrome b mitochondrial gene of the woodmouse (Apodemus
1620 o A bug in read.nexus() was fixed.
1622 o read.dna() previously did not work correctly in most cases.
1623 The function has been completely re-written and its help page
1624 has been considerably extended (see ?read.dna for details).
1625 Underscores (_) in taxon names are no more replaced with
1626 spaces (this behaviour was undocumented).
1628 o A bug was fixed in write.dna().
1632 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-1
1637 o A bug in read.tree() introduced in APE 1.1 was fixed.
1639 o A bug in compar.gee() resulted in an error when trying to fit
1640 a model with `family = "binomial"'. This is now fixed.
1644 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1
1649 o The Klastorin (1982) method as suggested by Misawa and Tajima
1650 (2000, Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:1879-1884) for classifying genes
1651 on the basis of phylogenetic trees has been implemented (see
1652 the function klastorin()).
1654 o Functions have been added to convert APE's "phylo" objects in
1655 "hclust" cluster objects and vice versa (see the help page of
1656 as.phylo for details).
1658 o Three new functions, ratogram(), chronogram() and NPRS.criterion(),
1659 are introduced for the estimation of absolute evolutionary rates
1660 (ratogram) and dated clock-like trees (chronogram) from
1661 phylogenetic trees using the non-parametric rate smoothing approach
1662 by MJ Sanderson (1997, Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:1218-1231).
1664 o A summary method is now provided printing a summary information on a
1665 phylogenetic tree with, for instance, `summary(tree)'.
1667 o The behaviour of read.tree() was changed so that all spaces and
1668 tabulations in tree files are now ignored. Consequently, spaces in tip
1669 labels are no more allowed. Another side effect is that read.nexus()
1670 now does not replace the underscores (_) in tip labels with spaces
1671 (this behaviour was undocumented).
1673 o The function plot.phylo() has a new option (`underscore') which
1674 specifies whether the underscores in tip labels should be written on
1675 the plot as such or replaced with spaces (the default).
1677 o The function birthdeath() now computes 95% confidence intervals of
1678 the estimated parameters using profile likelihood.
1680 o Three new data sets are included: a gene tree estimated from 36
1681 landplant rbcL sequences, a gene tree estimated from 32 opsin
1682 sequences, and a gene tree for 50 BRCA1 mammalian sequences.
1687 o A bug was fixed in dist.gene() where nothing was returned.
1689 o A bug in plot.mst() was fixed.
1691 o A bug in vcv.phylo() resulted in false correlations when the
1692 option `cor = TRUE' was used (now fixed).
1696 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.0
1701 o Two new functions, read.dna() and write.dna(), read/write in a file
1702 DNA sequences in interleaved or in sequential format.
1704 o Two new functions, read.nexus() and write.nexus(), read/write trees
1707 o The new function bind.tree() allows to bind two trees together,
1708 possibly handling root edges to give internal branches.
1710 o The new function drop.tip() removes the tips in a phylogenetic tree,
1711 and trims (or not) the corresponding internal branches.
1713 o The new function is.ultrametric() tests if a tree is ultrametric.
1715 o The function plot.phylo() has more functionalities such as drawing the
1716 branches with different colours and/or different widths, showing the
1717 node labels, controling the position and font of the labels, rotating
1718 the labels, and controling the space around the plot.
1720 o The function read.tree() can now read trees with no branch length,
1721 such as "(a,b),c);". Consequently, the element `edge.length' in
1722 objects of class "phylo" is now optional.
1724 o The function write.tree() has a new default behaviour: if the default
1725 for the option `file' is used (i.e. file = ""), then a variable of
1726 mode character containing the tree in Newick format is returned which
1727 can thus be assigned (e.g., tree <- write.tree(phy)).
1729 o The function read.tree() has a new argument `text' which allows
1730 to read the tree in a variable of mode character.
1732 o A new data set is included: the phylogenetic relationships among
1733 the orders of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990).
1737 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2-1
1742 o Several bugs were fixed in the help pages.
1746 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2
1751 o The function write.tree() writes phylogenetic trees (objects of class
1752 "phylo") in an ASCII file using the Newick parenthetic format.
1754 o The function birthdeath() fits a birth-death model to branching times
1755 by maximum likelihood, and estimates the corresponding speciation and
1758 o The function scale.bar() adds a scale bar to a plot of a phylogenetic
1761 o The function is.binary.tree() tests whether a phylogeny is binary.
1763 o Two generic functions, coalescent.intervals() and collapsed.intervals(),
1764 as well as some methods are introduced.
1766 o Several functions, including some generics and methods, for computing
1767 skyline plot estimates (classic and generalized) of effective
1768 population size through time are introduced and replace the function
1769 skyline.plot() in version 0.1.
1771 o Two data sets are now included: the phylogenetic relationships among
1772 the families of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990), and an
1773 estimated clock-like phylogeny of HIV sequences sampled in the
1774 Democratic Republic of Congo.
1777 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
1779 o The function skyline.plot() in ape 0.1 has been deprecated and
1780 replaced by more elaborate functions (see above).
1785 o Two important bugs were fixed in plot.phylo(): phylogenies with
1786 multichotomies not at the root or not with only terminal branches,
1787 and phylogenies with a single node (i.e. only terminal branches)
1788 did not plot. These trees should be plotted correctly now.
1790 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time() in the computation of
1793 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.