1 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3
6 o The new functions CADM.global and CADM.post, contributed by
7 Pierre Legendre, test the congruence among several distance
10 o The new function yule.time fits a user-defined time-dependent
11 Yule model by maximum likelihood.
13 o The new function makeNodeLabel creates and/or modifies node
14 labels in a flexible way.
19 o drop.tip() shuffled tip labels in some cases.
21 o drop.tip() did not handle node.label correctly.
23 o is.ultrametric() now checks the ordering of the edge matrix.
25 o ace() sometimes returned negative values of likelihoods of
26 ancestral states (thanks to Dan Rabosky for solving this long
32 o The data set xenarthra has been removed.
36 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-4
40 o The bug fix in read.nexus() in version 2.2-3 was wrong: this is
41 now fixed. (Thanks to Peter Wragg for the fix!)
43 o A warning message occurred for no reason with ace(method="GLS").
48 o There is now a general help page displayed with '?ape'
52 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-3
57 o The new function extract.clade extracts a clade from a tree by
58 specifying a node number or label.
60 o fastme.bal() has two new options 'spr' and 'tbr' to perform tree
61 operations of the same names.
63 o dist.dna() can now return the number of site differences by
69 o chronopl() did not work with CV = TRUE.
71 o read.nexus() did not work correctly in some situations (trees on
72 multiple lines with different numbers of lines and/or with
73 comments inserted within the trees).
75 o ltt.plot(), ltt.lines(), and mltt.plot() did not count correctly
76 the number of lineages with non-binary trees.
81 o ape has now a namespace.
83 o drip.tip() has been improved: it should be much faster and work
84 better in some cases (e.g., see the example in ?zoom).
88 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-2
93 o dist.gene() has been substantially improved and gains an option
96 o cbind.DNAbin() has a new option 'fill.with.gaps' and is now
102 o prop.part() failed with a single tree with the default option
103 'check.labels = TRUE'.
105 o summary.DNAbin() failed to display correctly the summary of
106 sequence lengths with lists of sequences of 10,000 bases or more
107 (because summary.default uses 4 significant digits by default).
109 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree with line
110 breaks in the Newick string.
112 o del.gaps() returned a list of empty sequences when there were no
118 o phymltest() has been updated for PhyML 3.0 and gains an option
119 'append', whereas the option 'path2exec' has been removed.
121 o rbind.DNAbin() and cbind.DNAbin() now accept a single matrix
122 which is returned unchanged (instead of an error).
124 o The data sets bird.orders and bird.families are now stored as
125 Newick strings; i.e., the command data(bird.orders) calls
130 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-1
135 o The new function makeLabel() helps to modify labels of trees,
136 lists of trees, or DNA sequences, with several utilities to
137 truncate and/or make them unique, substituting some
138 characters, and so on.
140 o The new function del.gaps() removes insertion gaps ("-") in a
141 set of DNA sequences.
143 o read.dna() can now read Clustal files (*.aln).
148 o root() failed with 'resolve.root = TRUE' when the root was
149 already the specified root.
151 o Several bugs were fixed in mlphylo().
153 o collapsed.singles() did not propagate the 'Nnode' and
154 'node.labels' elements (thanks to Elizabeth Purdom for the fix).
156 o read.nexus() failed to remove correctly the comments within
159 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree and no
160 translation of tip labels.
162 o read.nexus() failed to place correctly tip labels when reading
163 a single tree with no edge lengths.
165 o A bug was fixed in sh.test().
170 o unique.multiPhylo() is faster thanks to a suggestion by Vladimir
173 o The option 'check.labels' of consensus() and prop.part() is now
176 o write.dna() now does not truncate names to 10 characters with
181 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2
186 o Four new functions have been written by Damien de Vienne for the
187 graphical exploration of large trees (cophyloplot, subtrees,
188 subtreeplot), and to return the graphical coordinates of tree
191 o The new functions corPagel and corBlomberg implement the Pagel's
192 "lambda" and Blomberg et al.'s "ACDC" correlation structures.
194 o chronopl() has been improved and gains several options: see its
195 help page for details.
197 o boot.phylo() has now an option 'trees' to possibly return the
198 bootstraped trees (the default is FALSE).
200 o prop.part() has been improved and should now be faster in all
206 o read.dna() failed if "?" occurred in the first 10 sites of the
209 o The x/y aspect of the plot is now respected when plotting a
210 circular tree (type = "r" or "f").
212 o Drawing the tip labels sometimes failed when plotting circular
215 o zoom() failed when tip labels were used instead of their numbers
216 (thanks to Yan Wong for the fix).
218 o drop.tip() failed with some trees (fixed by Yan Wong).
220 o seg.sites() failed with a list.
222 o consensus() failed in some cases. The function has been improved
223 as well and is faster.
227 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-3
232 o A bug in read.nexus() made the Windows R-GUI crash.
234 o An error was fixed in the computation of ancestral character
235 states by generalized least squares in ace().
237 o di2multi() did not modify node labels correctly.
239 o multi2di() failed if the tree had its attribute "order" set to
244 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-2
249 o There three new methods for the "multiPhylo" class: str, $,
252 o root() gains the options 'node' and 'resolve.root'
253 (FALSE by default) as well as its code being improved.
255 o mltt.plot() has now an option 'log' used in the same way
256 than in plot.default().
261 o mltt.plot() failed to display the legend with an unnamed
264 o nodelabels() with pies now correcly uses the argument
265 'cex' to draw symbols of different sizes (which has
266 worked already for thermometers).
268 o read.nexus() generally failed to read very big files.
273 o The argument 'family' of compar.gee() can now be a function
274 as well as a character string.
276 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an unnamed list if
279 o read.nexus() now returns a modified object of class "multiPhylo"
280 when there is a TRANSLATE block in the NEXUS file: the individual
281 trees have no 'tip.label' vector, but the list has a 'TipLabel'
282 attribute. The new methods '$' and '[[' set these elements
283 correctly when extracting trees.
287 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-1
292 o The new function rmtree generates lists of random trees.
294 o rcoal() now generates a genuine coalescent tree by default
295 (thanks to Vladimir Minin for the code).
300 o nuc.div() returned an incorrect value with the default
301 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
306 o The internal codes of bionj(), fastme.bal(), and fastme.ols()
307 have been improved so that they are stabler and faster.
309 o R packages used by ape are now loaded silently; lattice and gee
310 are loaded only when needed.
314 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1
319 o The new function identify.phylo identifies clades on a plotted
320 tree using the mouse.
322 o It is now possible to subset a list of trees (object of class
323 "multiPhylo") with "[" while keeping its class correct.
325 o The new function as.DNAbin.alignment converts DNA sequences
326 stored in the "alignment" format of the package seqinr into
327 an object of class "DNAbin".
329 o The new function weight.taxo2 helps to build similarity matrices
330 given two taxonomic levels (usually called by other functions).
332 o write.tree() can now take a list of trees (class "multiPhylo")
333 as its main argument.
335 o plot.correlogram() and plot.correlogramList() have been
336 improved, and gain several options (see the help page for
337 details). A legend is now plotted by default.
342 o dist.dna() returned some incorrect values with `model = "JC69"'
343 and `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'. This affected only the
344 distances involving sequences with missing values. (Thanks
345 to Bruno Toupance for digging this bug out.)
347 o write.tree() failed with some trees: this is fixed by removing
348 the `multi.line' option (trees are now always printed on a
351 o read.nexus() did not correctly detect trees with multiple root
352 edges (see OTHER CHANGES).
357 o The code of mlphylo() has been almost entirely rewritten, and
358 should be much stabler. The options have been also greatly
359 simplified (see ?mlphylo and ?DNAmodel for details).
361 o The internal function nTips has been renamed klastorin_nTips.
363 o The code of is.ultrametric() contained redundancies and has
366 o The code of Moran.I() and of correlogram.formula() have been
369 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an error when trying to
370 read a tree with multiple root edges (see BUG FIXES). The
371 correction applied in previous version did not work in all
374 o The class c("multi.tree", "phylo") has been renamed
380 o There is now a vignette in ape: see vignette("MoranI", "ape").
385 o as.matching() and as.phylo.matching() do not support branch
388 o correlogram.phylo() and discrete.dist() have been removed.
392 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-2
397 o The new function matexpo computes the exponential of a square
400 o The new function unique.multi.tree removes duplicate trees from
403 o yule() has a new option `use.root.edge = FALSE' that specifies
404 to ignore, by default, the root edge of the tree if it exists.
409 o which.edge() failed when the index of a single terminal edge was
412 o In diversi.time(), the values returned for model C were
415 o A bug was fixed in yule() that affected the calculation of the
416 likelihood in the presence of ties in the branching times.
418 o There was a bug in the C function mat_expo4x4 affecting the
419 calculations of the transition probabilities for models HKY and
422 o A small bug was fixed in as.matrix.DNAbin (thanks to James
425 o rtree() did not `shuffle' the tip labels by default, so only a
426 limited number of labelled topologies could be generated.
430 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-1
435 o The three new functions bionj, fastme.ols, and fastme.bal
436 perform phylogeny estimation by the BIONJ and fastME methods in
437 OLS and balanced versions. This is a port to R of previous
438 previous programs done by Vincent Lefort.
440 o The new function chronoMPL performs molecular dating with the
441 mean path lengths method of Britton et al. (2002, Mol. Phyl.
444 o The new function rotate, contributed by Christoph Heibl, swaps
445 two clades connected to the same node. It works also with
446 multichotomous nodes.
448 o The new `method' as.matrix.DNAbin() may be used to convert
449 easily DNA sequences stored in a list into a matrix while
450 keeping the names and the class.
455 o chronopl() failed when some branch lengths were equal to zero:
456 an error message is now returned.
458 o di2multi() failed when there was a series of consecutive edges
463 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-2
468 o plot.phylo() can now plot circular trees: the option is type =
469 "fan" or type = "f" (to avoid the ambiguity with type = "c").
471 o prop.part() has a new option `check.labels = FALSE' which allows
472 to considerably speed-up the calculations of bipartitions. As a
473 consequence, calculations of bootstrap values with boot.phylo()
474 should be much faster.
479 o read.GenBank() did not return correctly the list of species as
480 from ape 1.10: this is fixed in this version
482 o Applying as.phylo() on a tree of class "phylo" failed: the
483 object is now returned unchanged.
487 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-1
492 o The three new functions Ntip, Nnode, and Nedge return, for a
493 given tree, the number of tips, nodes, or edges, respectively.
498 o read.nexus() did not set correctly the class of the returned
499 object when reading multiple trees.
501 o mllt.plot() failed with objects of class c("multi.tree",
504 o unroot() did not work correctly in most cases.
506 o reorder.phylo() made R freeze in some occasions.
508 o Plotting a tree in pruningwise order failed.
510 o When plotting an unrooted tree, the tip labels where not all
511 correctly positioned if the option `cex' was used.
515 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10
520 o Five new `method' functions have been introduced to manipulate
521 DNA sequences in binary format (see below).
523 o Three new functions have been introduced to convert between the
524 new binary and the character formats.
526 o The new function as.alignment converts DNA sequences stored as
527 single characters into the class "alignment" used by the package
530 o read.dna() and read.GenBank() have a new argument `as.character'
531 controlling whether the sequences are returned in binary format
537 o root() failed when the tree had node labels: this is fixed.
539 o plot.phylo() did not correctly set the limits on the y-axis with
540 the default setting: this is fixed.
542 o dist.dna() returned a wrong result for the LogDet, paralinear,
543 and BH87 models with `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'.
548 o DNA sequences are now internally stored in a binary format. See
549 the document "A Bit-Level Coding Scheme for Nucleotides" for the
550 details. Most functions analyzing DNA functions have been
551 modified accordingly and are now much faster (dist.dna is now
552 ca. 60 times faster).
556 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-4
561 o A bug was fixed in edgelabels().
563 o as.phylo.hclust() did not work correctly when the object of
564 class "hclust" has its labels set to NULL: the returned tree has
565 now its tip labels set to "1", "2", ...
567 o consensus could fail if some tip labels are a subset of others
568 (e.g., "a" and "a_1"): this is now fixed.
570 o mlphylo() failed in most cases if some branch lengths of the
571 initial tree were greater than one: an error message is now
574 o mlphylo() failed in most cases when estimating the proportion of
575 invariants: this is fixed.
579 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-3
584 o The new function edgelabels adds labels on the edge of the tree
585 in the same way than nodelabels or tiplabels.
590 o multi2di() did not handle correctly branch lengths with the
591 default option `random = TRUE': this is now fixed.
593 o A bug was fixed in nuc.div() when using pairwise deletions.
595 o A bug occurred in the analysis of bipartitions with large
596 numbers of large trees, with consequences on prop.part,
597 prop.clades, and boot.phylo.
599 o The calculation of the Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann distance in
600 dist.topo was wrong: this has been fixed.
604 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-2
609 o The new function ladderize reorganizes the internal structure of
610 a tree to plot them left- or right-ladderized.
612 o The new function dist.nodes computes the patristic distances
613 between all nodes, internal and terminal, of a tree. It replaces
614 the option `full = TRUE' of cophenetic.phylo (see below).
619 o A bug was fixed in old2new.phylo().
621 o Some bugs were fixed in chronopl().
623 o The edge colours were not correctly displayed by plot.phylo
624 (thank you to Li-San Wang for the fix).
626 o cophenetic.phylo() failed with multichotomous trees: this is
632 o read.dna() now returns the sequences in a matrix if they are
633 aligned (interleaved or sequential format). Sequences in FASTA
634 format are still returned in a list.
636 o The option `full' of cophenetic.phylo() has been removed because
637 it could not be used from the generic.
642 o rotate() has been removed; this function did not work correctly
647 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-1
652 o Trees with a single tip were not read correctly in R as the
653 element `Nnode' was not set: this is fixed.
655 o unroot() did not set correctly the number of nodes of the
656 unrooted tree in most cases.
658 o read.GenBank() failed when fetching very long sequences,
659 particularly of the BX-series.
661 o A bug was introduced in read.tree() with ape 1.9: it has been
666 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9
671 o There are two new print `methods' for trees of class "phylo" and
672 lists of trees of class "multi.tree", so that they are now
673 displayed in a compact and informative way.
675 o There are two new functions, old2new.phylo and new2old.phylo,
676 for converting between the old and new coding of the class
679 o dist.dna() has three new models: Barry and Hartigan ("BH87"),
680 LogDet ("logdet"), and paralinear ("paralin").
682 o compute.brlen() has been extended: several methods are now
683 available to compute branch lengths.
685 o write.dna() can now handle matrices as well as lists.
690 o cophenetic.phylo() sometimes returned a wrong result with
691 multichotomous trees: this is fixed.
693 o rotate() failed when a single tip was specified: the tree is now
696 o ace() did not return the correct index matrix with custom
697 models: this is fixed.
699 o multi2di() did not work correctly when resolving multichotomies
700 randomly: the topology was always the same, only the arrangement
701 of clades was randomized: this is fixed. This function now
702 accepts trees with no branch lengths.
704 o The output of diversi.gof() was blurred by useless prints when a
705 user distribution was specified. This has been corrected, and
706 the help page of this function has been expanded.
711 o The internal structure of the class "phylo" has been changed:
712 see the document "Definition of Formats for Coding Phylogenetic
713 Trees in R" for the details. In addition, the code of most
714 functions has been improved.
716 o Several functions have been improved by replacing some R codes
717 by C codes: pic, plot.phylo, and reorder.phylo.
719 o There is now a citation information: see citation("ape") in R.
721 o write.tree() now does not add extra 0's to branch lengths so
722 that 1.23 is printed "1.23" by default, not "1.2300000000".
724 o The syntax of bind.tree() has been simplified. This function now
725 accepts trees with no branch lengths, and handles correctly node
728 o The option `as.numeric' of mrca() has been removed.
730 o The unused options `format' and `rooted' of read.tree() have
733 o The unused option `format' of write.tree() has been removed.
735 o The use of node.depth() has been simplified.
739 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-5
744 o Two new functions read.nexus.data() and write.nexus.data(),
745 contributed by Johan Nylander, allow to read and write molecular
746 sequences in NEXUS files.
748 o The new function reorder.phylo() reorders the internal structure
749 of a tree of class "phylo". It is used as the generic, e.g.,
752 o read.tree() and read.nexus() can now read trees with a single
755 o The new data set `cynipids' supplies a set of protein sequences
761 o The code of all.equal.phylo() has been completely rewritten
762 (thanks to Benoît Durand) which fixes several bugs.
764 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now checks the labels of the tree
765 to remove or substitute any characters that are illegal in the
766 Newick format (parentheses, etc.)
768 o A negative P-value could be returned by mantel.test(): this is
773 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-4
778 o The new function sh.test() computes the Shimodaira-
781 o The new function collapse.singles() removes the nodes with a
782 single descendant from a tree.
784 o plot.phylo() has a new argument `tip.color' to specify the
787 o mlphylo() has now an option `quiet' to control the display of
788 the progress of the analysis (the default is FALSE).
793 o read.dna() did not read correctly sequences in sequential format
794 with leading alignment gaps "-": this is fixed.
796 o ace() returned a list with no class so that the generic
797 functions (anova, logLik, ...) could not be used directly. This
798 is fixed as ace() now returns an object of class "ace".
800 o anova.ace() had a small bug when computing the number of degrees
801 of freedom: this is fixed.
803 o mlphylo() did not work when the sequences were in a matrix or
804 a data frame: this is fixed.
806 o rtree() did not work correctly when trying to simulate an
807 unrooted tree with two tips: an error message is now issued.
812 o The algorithm of rtree() has been changed: it is now about 40,
813 100, and 130 times faster for 10, 100, and 1000 tips,
818 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-3
823 o There are four new `method' functions to be used with the
824 results of ace(): logLik(), deviance(), AIC(), and anova().
826 o The plot method of phymltest has two new arguments: `main' to
827 change the title, and `col' to control the colour of the
828 segments showing the AIC values.
830 o ace() has a new argument `ip' that gives the initial values used
831 in the ML estimation with discrete characters (see the examples
832 in ?ace). This function now returns a matrix giving the indices
833 of the estimated rates when analysing discrete characters.
835 o nodelabels() and tiplabels() have a new argument `pie' to
836 represent proportions, with any number of categories, as
837 piecharts. The use of the option `thermo' has been improved:
838 there is now no limitation on the number of categories.
843 o mlphylo() did not work with more than two partitions: this is
846 o root() failed if the proposed outgroup was already an outgroup
847 in the tree: this is fixed.
849 o The `col' argument in nodelabels() and tiplabels() was not
850 correctly passed when `text' was used: this is fixed.
852 o Two bugs were fixed in mlphylo(): parameters were not always
853 correctly output, and the estimation failed in some cases.
855 o plot.phylo() was stuck when given a tree with a single tip: this
856 is fixed and a message error is now returned.
858 o An error was corrected in the help page of gammaStat regarding
859 the calculation of P-values.
861 o Using gls() could crash R when the number of species in the tree
862 and in the variables were different: this is fixed.
866 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-2
871 o The new function mlphylo() fits a phylogenetic tree by maximum
872 likelihood from DNA sequences. Its companion function DNAmodel()
873 is used to define the substitution model which may include
874 partitioning. There are methods for logLik(), deviance(), and
875 AIC(), and the summary() method has been extended to display in
876 a friendly way the results of this model fitting. Currently, the
877 functionality is limited to estimating the substitution and
878 associated parameters and computing the likelihood.
880 o The new function drop1.compar.gee (used as, e.g., drop1(m))
881 tests for single effects in GEE-based comparative method. A
882 warning message is printed if there is not enough degrees of
888 o An error message was sometimes issued by plot.multi.tree(),
889 though with no consequence.
893 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-1
898 o There is a new plot method for lists of trees (objects of class
899 "multi.tree"): it calls plot.phylo() internally and is
900 documented on the same help page.
905 o A bug was fixed in the C code that analyzes bipartitions: this
906 has impact on several functions like prop.part, prop.clades,
907 boot.phylo, or consensus.
909 o root() did not work correctly when the specified outgroup had
910 more than one element: this is fixed.
912 o dist.dna() sometimes returned a warning inappropriately: this
915 o If the distance object given to nj() had no rownames, nj()
916 returned a tree with no tip labels: it now returns tips labelled
917 "1", "2", ..., corresponding to the row numbers.
922 o nj() has been slightly changed so that tips with a zero distance
923 are first aggregated with zero-lengthed branches; the usual NJ
924 procedure is then performed on a distance matrix without 0's.
928 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8
933 o The new function chronopl() estimates dates using the penalized
934 likelihood method by Sanderson (2002; Mol. Biol. Evol., 19:101).
936 o The new function consensus() calculates the consensus tree of a
939 o The new function evolve.phylo() simulates the evolution of
940 continuous characters along a phylogeny under a Brownian model.
942 o The new plot method for objects of class "ancestral" displays a
943 tree together with ancestral values, as returned by the above
946 o The new function as.phylo.formula() returns a phylogeny from a
947 set of nested taxonomic variables given as a formula.
949 o The new function read.caic() reads trees in CAIC format.
951 o The new function tiplabels() allows to add labels to the tips
952 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
954 o The new function unroot() unroots a phylogeny.
956 o multi2di() has a new option, `random', which specifies whether
957 to resolve the multichotomies randomly (the default) or not.
959 o prop.part() now returns an object of class "prop.part" for which
960 there are print (to display a partition in a more friendly way)
961 and summary (to extract the numbers) methods.
963 o plot.phylo() has a new option, `show.tip.label', specifying
964 whether to print the labels of the tips. The default is TRUE.
966 o The code of nj() has been replaced by a faster C code: it is now
967 about 10, 25, and 40 times faster for 50, 100, and 200 taxa,
970 o write.nexus() now writes whether a tree is rooted or not.
975 o Two bugs have been fixed in root(): unrooted trees are now
976 handled corretly, and node labels are now output normally.
978 o A bug was fixed in phymltest(): the executable couldn't be found
981 o Three bug have been fixed in ace(): computing the likelihood of
982 ancestral states of discrete characters failed, custom models
983 did not work, and the function failed with a null gradient (a
984 warning message is now returned; this latter bug was also
985 present in yule.cov() as well and is now fixed).
987 o pic() hanged out when missing data were present: a message error
990 o A small bug was fixed in dist.dna() where the gamma correction
991 was not always correctly dispatched.
993 o plot.phylo() plotted correctly the root edge only when the tree
994 was plotted rightwards: this works now for all directions.
999 o dist.taxo() has been renamed as weight.taxo().
1001 o Various error and warning messages have been improved.
1005 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.7
1008 o The new function ace() estimates ancestral character states for
1009 continuous characters (with ML, GLS, and contrasts methods), and
1010 discrete characters (with ML only) for any number of states.
1012 o The new function compar.ou() fits the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model
1013 of directional evolution for continuous characters. The user
1014 specifies the node(s) of the tree where the character optimum
1017 o The new function is.rooted() tests whether a tree (of class
1020 o The new function rcoal() generates random ultrametric trees with
1021 the possibility to specify the function that generates the
1022 inter-nodes distances.
1024 o The new function mrca() gives for all pairs of tips in a tree
1025 (and optionally nodes too) the most recent common ancestor.
1027 o nodelabels() has a new option `thermo' to plot proportions (up
1028 to three classes) on the nodes of a tree.
1030 o rtree() has been improved: it can now generate rooted or
1031 unrooted trees, and the mathematical function that generates the
1032 branch lengths may be specified by the user. The tip labels may
1033 be given directly in the call to rtree. The limit cases (n = 2,
1034 3) are now handled correctly.
1036 o dist.topo() has a new argument `method' with two choices: "PH85"
1037 for Penny and Henny's method (already available before and now
1038 the default), and "BHV01" for the geometric distance by Billera
1039 et al. (2001, Adv. Appl. Math. 27:733).
1041 o write.tree() has a new option, `digits', which specifies the
1042 number of digits to be printed in the Newick tree. By default
1043 digits = 10. The numbers are now always printed in decimal form
1044 (i.e., 1.0e-1 is now avoided).
1046 o dist.dna() can now compute the raw distances between pairs of
1047 DNA sequences by specifying model = "raw".
1049 o dist.phylo() has a new option `full' to possibly compute the
1050 distances among all tips and nodes of the tree. The default if
1056 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo().
1058 o dist.dna() did not handle correctly gaps ("-") in alignments:
1059 they are now considered as missing data.
1061 o rotate() did not work if the tips were not ordered: this is
1064 o mantel.test() returned NA in some special cases: this is fixed
1065 and the function has been improved and is now faster.
1067 o A bug was fixed in diversi.gof() where the calculation of A² was
1070 o cherry() did not work correctly under some OSs (mainly Linux):
1073 o is.binary.tree() has been modified so that it works with both
1074 rooted and unrooted trees.
1076 o The documentation of theta.s() was not correct: this has been
1079 o plot.mst() did not work correctly: this is fixed.
1083 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.6
1088 o The new function dist.topo() computes the topological distances
1091 o The new function boot.phylo() performs a bootstrap analysis on
1092 phylogeny estimation.
1094 o The new functions prop.part() and prop.clades() analyse
1095 bipartitions from a series of trees.
1100 o read.GenBank() now uses the EFetch utility of NCBI instead of
1101 the usual Web interface: it is now much faster (e.g., 12 times
1102 faster to retrieve 8 sequences, 37 times for 60 sequences).
1107 o Several bugs were fixed in read.dna().
1109 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time().
1111 o is.binary.tree() did not work correctly if the tree has no edge
1112 lengths: this is fixed.
1114 o drop.tip() did not correctly propagated the `node.label' of a
1115 tree: this is fixed.
1119 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.5
1124 o Two new functions, as.matching.phylo() and as.phylo.matching(),
1125 convert objects between the classes "phylo" and "matching". The
1126 latter implements the representation of binary trees introduced by
1127 Diaconis and Holmes (1998; PNAS 95:14600). The generic function
1128 as.matching() has been introduced as well.
1130 o Two new functions, multi2di() and di2multi(), allow to resolve
1131 and collapse multichotomies with branches of length zero.
1133 o The new function nuc.div() computes the nucleotide diversity
1134 from a sample a DNA sequences.
1136 o dist.dna() has been completely rewritten with a much faster
1137 (particularly for large data sets) C code. Eight models are
1138 available: JC69, K80, F81, K81, F84, T92, TN93, and GG95 (the
1139 option `method' has been renamed `model'). Computation of variance
1140 is available for all models. A gamma-correction is possible for
1141 JC69, K80, F81, and TN93. There is a new option, pairwise.deletion,
1142 to remove sites with missing data on a pairwise basis. The option
1143 `GCcontent' has been removed.
1145 o read.GenBank() has a new option (species.names) which specifies
1146 whether to return the species names of the organisms in addition
1147 to the accession numbers of the sequences (this is the default
1150 o write.nexus() can now write several trees in the same NEXUS file.
1152 o drop.tip() has a new option `root.edge' that allows to specify the
1153 new root edge if internal branches are trimmed.
1158 o as.phylo.hclust() failed if some labels had parentheses: this
1161 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo(). This function now
1162 returns the logical TRUE if the trees are identical but with
1163 different representations (a report was printed previously).
1165 o read.GenBank() did not correctly handle ambiguous base codes:
1171 o birthdeath() now returns an object of class "birthdeath" for
1172 which there is a print method.
1176 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.4
1181 o The new function nj() performs phylogeny estimation with the
1182 neighbor-joining method of Saitou and Nei (1987; Mol. Biol.
1185 o The new function which.edge() identifies the edges of a tree
1186 that belong to a group specified as a set of tips.
1188 o The new function as.phylo.phylog() converts an object of class
1189 "phylog" (from the package ade4) into an object of class
1192 o The new function axisPhylo() draws axes on the side of a
1195 o The new function howmanytrees() calculates the number of trees
1196 in different cases and giving a number of tips.
1198 o write.tree() has a new option `multi.line' (TRUE by default) to
1199 write a Newick tree on several lines rather than on a single
1202 o The functionalities of zoom() have been extended. Several
1203 subtrees can be visualized at the same time, and they are marked
1204 on the main tree with colors. The context of the subtrees can be
1205 marked with the option `subtree' (see below).
1207 o drop.tip() has a new option `subtree' (FALSE by default) which
1208 specifies whether to output in the tree how many tips have been
1211 o The arguments of add.scale.bar() have been redefined and have
1212 now default values (see ?add.scale.bar for details). This
1213 function now works even if the plotted tree has no edge length.
1215 o plot.phylo() can now plot radial trees, but this does not take
1216 edge lengths into account.
1218 o In plot.phylo() with `type = "phylogram"', if the values of
1219 `edge.color' and `edge.width' are identical for sister-branches,
1220 they are propagated to the vertical line that link them.
1225 o Repeated calls to as.phylo.hclust() or as.hclust.phylo() made R
1226 crashing. This is fixed.
1228 o In plot.phylo(), the options `edge.color' and `edge.width' are
1229 now properly recycled; their default values are now "black" and
1232 o A bug has been fixed in write.nexus().
1237 o The function node.depth.edgelength() has been removed and
1238 replaced by a C code.
1242 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3-1
1247 o The new function nodelabels() allows to add labels to the nodes
1248 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1250 o In plot.phylo() the arguments `x.lim' and `y.lim' can now be two
1251 numeric values specifying the lower and upper limits on the x-
1252 and y-axes. This allows to leave some space on any side of the
1253 tree. If a single value is given, this is taken as the upper
1258 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3
1263 o The new function phymltest() calls the software PHYML and fits
1264 28 models of DNA sequence evolution. There are a print method to
1265 display likelihood and AIC values, a summary method to compute
1266 the hierarchical likelihood ratio tests, and a plot method to
1267 display graphically the AIC values of each model.
1269 o The new function yule.cov() fits the Yule model with covariates,
1270 a model where the speciation rate is affected by several species
1271 traits through a generalized linear model. The parameters are
1272 estimated by maximum likelihood.
1274 o Three new functions, corBrownian(), corGrafen(), and
1275 corMartins(), compute the expected correlation structures among
1276 species given a phylogeny under different models of evolution.
1277 These can be used for GLS comparative phylogenetic methods (see
1278 the examples). There are coef() and corMatrix() methods and an
1279 Initialize.corPhyl() function associated.
1281 o The new function compar.cheverud() implements Cheverud et al.'s
1282 (1985; Evolution 39:1335) phylogenetic comparative method.
1284 o The new function varcomp() estimates variance components; it has
1287 o Two new functions, panel.superpose.correlogram() and
1288 plot.correlogramList(), allow to plot several phylogenetic
1291 o The new function node.leafnumber() computes the number of leaves
1292 of a subtree defined by a particular node.
1294 o The new function node.sons() gets all tags of son nodes from a
1297 o The new function compute.brlen() computes the branch lengths of
1298 a tree according to a specified method.
1300 o plot.phylo() has three new options: "cex" controls the size of
1301 the (tip and node) labels (thus it is no more needed to change
1302 the global graphical parameter), "direction" which allows to
1303 plot the tree rightwards, leftwards, upwards, or downwards, and
1304 "y.lim" which sets the upper limit on the y-axis.
1309 o Some functions which try to match tip labels and names of
1310 additional data (e.g. vector) are likely to fail if there are
1311 typing or syntax errors. If both series of names do not perfectly
1312 match, they are ignored and a warning message is now issued.
1313 These functions are bd.ext, compar.gee, pic. Their help pages
1314 have been clarified on this point.
1318 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-7
1323 o The new function root() reroots a phylogenetic tree with respect
1324 to a specified outgroup.
1326 o The new function rotate() rotates an internal branch of a tree.
1328 o In plot.phylo(), the new argument "lab4ut" (labels for unrooted
1329 trees) controls the display of the tip labels in unrooted trees.
1330 This display has been greatly improved: the tip labels are now not
1331 expected to overlap with the tree (particularly if lab4ut =
1332 "axial"). In all cases, combining appropriate values of "lab4ut"
1333 and the font size (via "par(cex = )") should result in readable
1334 unrooted trees. See ?plot.phylo for some examples.
1336 o In drop.tip(), the argument `tip' can now be numeric or character.
1341 o drop.tip() did not work correctly with trees with no branch
1342 lengths: this is fixed.
1344 o A bug in plot.phylo(..., type = "unrooted") made some trees being
1345 plotted with some line crossings: this is now fixed.
1349 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-6
1354 o Six new functions (Moran.I, correlogram.formula, discrete.dist,
1355 correlogram.phylo, dist.taxo, plot.correlogram) have been added
1356 to implement comparative methods with an autocorrelation approach.
1358 o A new data set describing some life history traits of Carnivores
1364 o A fix was made on mcmc.popsize() to conform to R 2.0.0.
1369 o When plotting a tree with plot.phylo(), the new default of the
1370 option `label.offset' is now 0, so the labels are always visible.
1374 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-5
1379 o The new function bd.ext() fits a birth-death model with combined
1380 phylogenetic and taxonomic data, and estimates the corresponding
1381 speciation and extinction rates.
1386 o The package gee is no more required by ape but only suggested
1387 since only the function compar.gee() calls gee.
1391 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-4
1396 o Four new functions (mcmc.popsize, extract.popsize, plot.popsize,
1397 and lines.popsize) implementing a new approach for inferring the
1398 demographic history from genealogies using a reversible jump
1399 MCMC have been introduced.
1401 o The unit of time in the skyline plot and in the new plots can
1402 now be chosen to be actual years, rather than substitutions.
1406 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-3
1411 o The new function rtree() generates a random binary tree with or
1412 without branch lengths.
1414 o Two new functions for drawing lineages-through-time (LTT) plots
1415 are provided: ltt.lines() adds a LTT curve to an existing plot,
1416 and mltt.plot() does a multiple LTT plot giving several trees as
1417 arguments (see `?ltt.plot' for details).
1422 o Some taxon names made R crashing when calling as.phylo.hclust():
1425 o dist.dna() returned an error with two identical DNA sequences
1426 (only using the Jukes-Cantor method returned 0): this is fixed.
1431 o The function dist.phylo() has been re-written using a different
1432 algorithm: it is now about four times faster.
1434 o The code of branching.times() has been improved: it is now about
1439 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-2
1444 o The new function seg.sites() finds the segregating sites in a
1445 sample of DNA sequences.
1450 o A bug introduced in read.tree() and in read.nexus() with version
1453 o A few errors were corrected and a few examples were added in the
1458 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-1
1463 o plot.phylo() can now draw the edge of the root of a tree if it
1464 has one (see the new option `root.edge', its default is FALSE).
1469 o A bug was fixed in read.nexus(): files with semicolons inside
1470 comment blocks were not read correctly.
1472 o The behaviour of read.tree() and read.nexus() was corrected so
1473 that tree files with badly represented root edges (e.g., with
1474 an extra pair of parentheses, see the help pages for details)
1475 are now correctly represented in the object of class "phylo";
1476 a warning message is now issued.
1480 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2
1485 o plot.phylo() has been completely re-written and offers several
1486 new functionalities. Three types of trees can now be drawn:
1487 phylogram (as previously), cladogram, and unrooted tree; in
1488 all three types the branch lengths can be drawn using the edge
1489 lengths of the phylogeny or not (e.g., if the latter is absent).
1490 The vertical position of the nodes can be adjusted with two
1491 choices (see option `node.pos'). The code has been re-structured,
1492 and two new functions (potentially useful for developpers) are
1493 documented separately: node.depth.edgelength() and node.depth();
1494 see the respective help pages for details.
1496 o The new function zoom() allows to explore very large trees by
1497 focusing on a small portion of it.
1499 o The new function yule() fits by maximum likelihood the Yule model
1500 (birth-only process) to a phylogenetic tree.
1502 o Support for writing DNA sequences in FASTA format has been
1503 introduced in write.dna() (support for reading sequences in
1504 this format was introduced in read.dna() in version 1.1-2).
1505 The function has been completely re-written, fixing some bugs
1506 (see below); the default behaviour is no more to display the
1507 sequences on the standard output. Several options have been
1508 introduced to control the sequence printing in a flexible
1509 way. The help page has been extended.
1511 o A new data set is included: a supertree of bats in NEXUS format.
1516 o In theta.s(), the default of the option `variance' has
1517 been changed to `FALSE' (as was indicated in the help page).
1519 o Several bugs were fixed in the code of all.equal.phylo().
1521 o Several bugs were fixed in write.dna(), particularly this
1522 function did not work with `format = "interleaved"'.
1524 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.
1529 o The argument names of as.hclust.phylo() have been changed
1530 from "(phy)" to "(x, ...)" to conform to the definition of
1531 the corresponding generic function.
1533 o gamma.stat() has been renamed gammaStat() to avoid confusion
1534 since gamma() is a generic function.
1538 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-3
1543 o base.freq() previously did not return a value of 0 for
1544 bases absent in the data (e.g., a vector of length 3 was
1545 returned if one base was absent). This is now fixed (a
1546 vector of length 4 is always returned).
1548 o Several bugs were fixed in read.nexus(), including that this
1549 function did not work in this absence of a "TRANSLATE"
1550 command in the NEXUS file, and that the commands were
1555 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-2
1560 o The Tamura and Nei (1993) model of DNA distance is now implemented
1561 in dist.dna(): five models are now available in this function.
1563 o A new data set is included: a set of 15 sequences of the
1564 cytochrome b mitochondrial gene of the woodmouse (Apodemus
1570 o A bug in read.nexus() was fixed.
1572 o read.dna() previously did not work correctly in most cases.
1573 The function has been completely re-written and its help page
1574 has been considerably extended (see ?read.dna for details).
1575 Underscores (_) in taxon names are no more replaced with
1576 spaces (this behaviour was undocumented).
1578 o A bug was fixed in write.dna().
1582 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-1
1587 o A bug in read.tree() introduced in APE 1.1 was fixed.
1589 o A bug in compar.gee() resulted in an error when trying to fit
1590 a model with `family = "binomial"'. This is now fixed.
1594 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1
1599 o The Klastorin (1982) method as suggested by Misawa and Tajima
1600 (2000, Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:1879-1884) for classifying genes
1601 on the basis of phylogenetic trees has been implemented (see
1602 the function klastorin()).
1604 o Functions have been added to convert APE's "phylo" objects in
1605 "hclust" cluster objects and vice versa (see the help page of
1606 as.phylo for details).
1608 o Three new functions, ratogram(), chronogram() and NPRS.criterion(),
1609 are introduced for the estimation of absolute evolutionary rates
1610 (ratogram) and dated clock-like trees (chronogram) from
1611 phylogenetic trees using the non-parametric rate smoothing approach
1612 by MJ Sanderson (1997, Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:1218-1231).
1614 o A summary method is now provided printing a summary information on a
1615 phylogenetic tree with, for instance, `summary(tree)'.
1617 o The behaviour of read.tree() was changed so that all spaces and
1618 tabulations in tree files are now ignored. Consequently, spaces in tip
1619 labels are no more allowed. Another side effect is that read.nexus()
1620 now does not replace the underscores (_) in tip labels with spaces
1621 (this behaviour was undocumented).
1623 o The function plot.phylo() has a new option (`underscore') which
1624 specifies whether the underscores in tip labels should be written on
1625 the plot as such or replaced with spaces (the default).
1627 o The function birthdeath() now computes 95% confidence intervals of
1628 the estimated parameters using profile likelihood.
1630 o Three new data sets are included: a gene tree estimated from 36
1631 landplant rbcL sequences, a gene tree estimated from 32 opsin
1632 sequences, and a gene tree for 50 BRCA1 mammalian sequences.
1637 o A bug was fixed in dist.gene() where nothing was returned.
1639 o A bug in plot.mst() was fixed.
1641 o A bug in vcv.phylo() resulted in false correlations when the
1642 option `cor = TRUE' was used (now fixed).
1646 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.0
1651 o Two new functions, read.dna() and write.dna(), read/write in a file
1652 DNA sequences in interleaved or in sequential format.
1654 o Two new functions, read.nexus() and write.nexus(), read/write trees
1657 o The new function bind.tree() allows to bind two trees together,
1658 possibly handling root edges to give internal branches.
1660 o The new function drop.tip() removes the tips in a phylogenetic tree,
1661 and trims (or not) the corresponding internal branches.
1663 o The new function is.ultrametric() tests if a tree is ultrametric.
1665 o The function plot.phylo() has more functionalities such as drawing the
1666 branches with different colours and/or different widths, showing the
1667 node labels, controling the position and font of the labels, rotating
1668 the labels, and controling the space around the plot.
1670 o The function read.tree() can now read trees with no branch length,
1671 such as "(a,b),c);". Consequently, the element `edge.length' in
1672 objects of class "phylo" is now optional.
1674 o The function write.tree() has a new default behaviour: if the default
1675 for the option `file' is used (i.e. file = ""), then a variable of
1676 mode character containing the tree in Newick format is returned which
1677 can thus be assigned (e.g., tree <- write.tree(phy)).
1679 o The function read.tree() has a new argument `text' which allows
1680 to read the tree in a variable of mode character.
1682 o A new data set is included: the phylogenetic relationships among
1683 the orders of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990).
1687 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2-1
1692 o Several bugs were fixed in the help pages.
1696 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2
1701 o The function write.tree() writes phylogenetic trees (objects of class
1702 "phylo") in an ASCII file using the Newick parenthetic format.
1704 o The function birthdeath() fits a birth-death model to branching times
1705 by maximum likelihood, and estimates the corresponding speciation and
1708 o The function scale.bar() adds a scale bar to a plot of a phylogenetic
1711 o The function is.binary.tree() tests whether a phylogeny is binary.
1713 o Two generic functions, coalescent.intervals() and collapsed.intervals(),
1714 as well as some methods are introduced.
1716 o Several functions, including some generics and methods, for computing
1717 skyline plot estimates (classic and generalized) of effective
1718 population size through time are introduced and replace the function
1719 skyline.plot() in version 0.1.
1721 o Two data sets are now included: the phylogenetic relationships among
1722 the families of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990), and an
1723 estimated clock-like phylogeny of HIV sequences sampled in the
1724 Democratic Republic of Congo.
1727 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
1729 o The function skyline.plot() in ape 0.1 has been deprecated and
1730 replaced by more elaborate functions (see above).
1735 o Two important bugs were fixed in plot.phylo(): phylogenies with
1736 multichotomies not at the root or not with only terminal branches,
1737 and phylogenies with a single node (i.e. only terminal branches)
1738 did not plot. These trees should be plotted correctly now.
1740 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time() in the computation of
1743 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.