1 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3-1
6 o There is now a c() method for lists of class "DNAbin".
8 o yule.cov() now fits the null model, and its help page has been
9 corrected with respect to this change.
14 o dist.gene() failed on most occasions with the default
15 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
17 o read.tree() failed to read correctly the tree name(s).
19 o boot.phylo() now treats correctly data frames.
21 o del.gaps() did not copy the rownames of a matrix.
23 o A small bug was fixed in CDAM.global().
28 o [.multiPhylo and [.DNAbin now respect the original class.
30 o Instances of the form class(phy) == "phylo" have been replaced
31 by inherits(phy, "phylo").
33 o rcoal() is now faster.
37 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3
42 o The new functions CADM.global and CADM.post, contributed by
43 Pierre Legendre, test the congruence among several distance
46 o The new function yule.time fits a user-defined time-dependent
47 Yule model by maximum likelihood.
49 o The new function makeNodeLabel creates and/or modifies node
50 labels in a flexible way.
52 o read.tree() and write.tree() have been modified so that they can
53 handle individual tree names.
55 o plot.phylo() has a new argument 'edge.lty' that specifies the
56 types of lines used for the edges (plain, dotted, dashed, ...)
58 o phymltest() has been updated to work with PhyML 3.0.1.
63 o drop.tip() shuffled tip labels in some cases.
65 o drop.tip() did not handle node.label correctly.
67 o is.ultrametric() now checks the ordering of the edge matrix.
69 o ace() sometimes returned negative values of likelihoods of
70 ancestral states (thanks to Dan Rabosky for solving this long
76 o The data set xenarthra has been removed.
80 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-4
84 o The bug fix in read.nexus() in version 2.2-3 was wrong: this is
85 now fixed. (Thanks to Peter Wragg for the fix!)
87 o A warning message occurred for no reason with ace(method="GLS").
92 o There is now a general help page displayed with '?ape'
96 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-3
101 o The new function extract.clade extracts a clade from a tree by
102 specifying a node number or label.
104 o fastme.bal() has two new options 'spr' and 'tbr' to perform tree
105 operations of the same names.
107 o dist.dna() can now return the number of site differences by
108 specifying model="N".
113 o chronopl() did not work with CV = TRUE.
115 o read.nexus() did not work correctly in some situations (trees on
116 multiple lines with different numbers of lines and/or with
117 comments inserted within the trees).
119 o ltt.plot(), ltt.lines(), and mltt.plot() did not count correctly
120 the number of lineages with non-binary trees.
125 o ape has now a namespace.
127 o drip.tip() has been improved: it should be much faster and work
128 better in some cases (e.g., see the example in ?zoom).
132 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-2
137 o dist.gene() has been substantially improved and gains an option
140 o cbind.DNAbin() has a new option 'fill.with.gaps' and is now
146 o prop.part() failed with a single tree with the default option
147 'check.labels = TRUE'.
149 o summary.DNAbin() failed to display correctly the summary of
150 sequence lengths with lists of sequences of 10,000 bases or more
151 (because summary.default uses 4 significant digits by default).
153 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree with line
154 breaks in the Newick string.
156 o del.gaps() returned a list of empty sequences when there were no
162 o phymltest() has been updated for PhyML 3.0 and gains an option
163 'append', whereas the option 'path2exec' has been removed.
165 o rbind.DNAbin() and cbind.DNAbin() now accept a single matrix
166 which is returned unchanged (instead of an error).
168 o The data sets bird.orders and bird.families are now stored as
169 Newick strings; i.e., the command data(bird.orders) calls
174 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-1
179 o The new function makeLabel() helps to modify labels of trees,
180 lists of trees, or DNA sequences, with several utilities to
181 truncate and/or make them unique, substituting some
182 characters, and so on.
184 o The new function del.gaps() removes insertion gaps ("-") in a
185 set of DNA sequences.
187 o read.dna() can now read Clustal files (*.aln).
192 o root() failed with 'resolve.root = TRUE' when the root was
193 already the specified root.
195 o Several bugs were fixed in mlphylo().
197 o collapsed.singles() did not propagate the 'Nnode' and
198 'node.labels' elements (thanks to Elizabeth Purdom for the fix).
200 o read.nexus() failed to remove correctly the comments within
203 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree and no
204 translation of tip labels.
206 o read.nexus() failed to place correctly tip labels when reading
207 a single tree with no edge lengths.
209 o A bug was fixed in sh.test().
214 o unique.multiPhylo() is faster thanks to a suggestion by Vladimir
217 o The option 'check.labels' of consensus() and prop.part() is now
220 o write.dna() now does not truncate names to 10 characters with
225 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2
230 o Four new functions have been written by Damien de Vienne for the
231 graphical exploration of large trees (cophyloplot, subtrees,
232 subtreeplot), and to return the graphical coordinates of tree
235 o The new functions corPagel and corBlomberg implement the Pagel's
236 "lambda" and Blomberg et al.'s "ACDC" correlation structures.
238 o chronopl() has been improved and gains several options: see its
239 help page for details.
241 o boot.phylo() has now an option 'trees' to possibly return the
242 bootstraped trees (the default is FALSE).
244 o prop.part() has been improved and should now be faster in all
250 o read.dna() failed if "?" occurred in the first 10 sites of the
253 o The x/y aspect of the plot is now respected when plotting a
254 circular tree (type = "r" or "f").
256 o Drawing the tip labels sometimes failed when plotting circular
259 o zoom() failed when tip labels were used instead of their numbers
260 (thanks to Yan Wong for the fix).
262 o drop.tip() failed with some trees (fixed by Yan Wong).
264 o seg.sites() failed with a list.
266 o consensus() failed in some cases. The function has been improved
267 as well and is faster.
271 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-3
276 o A bug in read.nexus() made the Windows R-GUI crash.
278 o An error was fixed in the computation of ancestral character
279 states by generalized least squares in ace().
281 o di2multi() did not modify node labels correctly.
283 o multi2di() failed if the tree had its attribute "order" set to
288 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-2
293 o There three new methods for the "multiPhylo" class: str, $,
296 o root() gains the options 'node' and 'resolve.root'
297 (FALSE by default) as well as its code being improved.
299 o mltt.plot() has now an option 'log' used in the same way
300 than in plot.default().
305 o mltt.plot() failed to display the legend with an unnamed
308 o nodelabels() with pies now correcly uses the argument
309 'cex' to draw symbols of different sizes (which has
310 worked already for thermometers).
312 o read.nexus() generally failed to read very big files.
317 o The argument 'family' of compar.gee() can now be a function
318 as well as a character string.
320 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an unnamed list if
323 o read.nexus() now returns a modified object of class "multiPhylo"
324 when there is a TRANSLATE block in the NEXUS file: the individual
325 trees have no 'tip.label' vector, but the list has a 'TipLabel'
326 attribute. The new methods '$' and '[[' set these elements
327 correctly when extracting trees.
331 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-1
336 o The new function rmtree generates lists of random trees.
338 o rcoal() now generates a genuine coalescent tree by default
339 (thanks to Vladimir Minin for the code).
344 o nuc.div() returned an incorrect value with the default
345 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
350 o The internal codes of bionj(), fastme.bal(), and fastme.ols()
351 have been improved so that they are stabler and faster.
353 o R packages used by ape are now loaded silently; lattice and gee
354 are loaded only when needed.
358 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1
363 o The new function identify.phylo identifies clades on a plotted
364 tree using the mouse.
366 o It is now possible to subset a list of trees (object of class
367 "multiPhylo") with "[" while keeping its class correct.
369 o The new function as.DNAbin.alignment converts DNA sequences
370 stored in the "alignment" format of the package seqinr into
371 an object of class "DNAbin".
373 o The new function weight.taxo2 helps to build similarity matrices
374 given two taxonomic levels (usually called by other functions).
376 o write.tree() can now take a list of trees (class "multiPhylo")
377 as its main argument.
379 o plot.correlogram() and plot.correlogramList() have been
380 improved, and gain several options (see the help page for
381 details). A legend is now plotted by default.
386 o dist.dna() returned some incorrect values with `model = "JC69"'
387 and `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'. This affected only the
388 distances involving sequences with missing values. (Thanks
389 to Bruno Toupance for digging this bug out.)
391 o write.tree() failed with some trees: this is fixed by removing
392 the `multi.line' option (trees are now always printed on a
395 o read.nexus() did not correctly detect trees with multiple root
396 edges (see OTHER CHANGES).
401 o The code of mlphylo() has been almost entirely rewritten, and
402 should be much stabler. The options have been also greatly
403 simplified (see ?mlphylo and ?DNAmodel for details).
405 o The internal function nTips has been renamed klastorin_nTips.
407 o The code of is.ultrametric() contained redundancies and has
410 o The code of Moran.I() and of correlogram.formula() have been
413 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an error when trying to
414 read a tree with multiple root edges (see BUG FIXES). The
415 correction applied in previous version did not work in all
418 o The class c("multi.tree", "phylo") has been renamed
424 o There is now a vignette in ape: see vignette("MoranI", "ape").
429 o as.matching() and as.phylo.matching() do not support branch
432 o correlogram.phylo() and discrete.dist() have been removed.
436 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-2
441 o The new function matexpo computes the exponential of a square
444 o The new function unique.multi.tree removes duplicate trees from
447 o yule() has a new option `use.root.edge = FALSE' that specifies
448 to ignore, by default, the root edge of the tree if it exists.
453 o which.edge() failed when the index of a single terminal edge was
456 o In diversi.time(), the values returned for model C were
459 o A bug was fixed in yule() that affected the calculation of the
460 likelihood in the presence of ties in the branching times.
462 o There was a bug in the C function mat_expo4x4 affecting the
463 calculations of the transition probabilities for models HKY and
466 o A small bug was fixed in as.matrix.DNAbin (thanks to James
469 o rtree() did not `shuffle' the tip labels by default, so only a
470 limited number of labelled topologies could be generated.
474 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-1
479 o The three new functions bionj, fastme.ols, and fastme.bal
480 perform phylogeny estimation by the BIONJ and fastME methods in
481 OLS and balanced versions. This is a port to R of previous
482 previous programs done by Vincent Lefort.
484 o The new function chronoMPL performs molecular dating with the
485 mean path lengths method of Britton et al. (2002, Mol. Phyl.
488 o The new function rotate, contributed by Christoph Heibl, swaps
489 two clades connected to the same node. It works also with
490 multichotomous nodes.
492 o The new `method' as.matrix.DNAbin() may be used to convert
493 easily DNA sequences stored in a list into a matrix while
494 keeping the names and the class.
499 o chronopl() failed when some branch lengths were equal to zero:
500 an error message is now returned.
502 o di2multi() failed when there was a series of consecutive edges
507 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-2
512 o plot.phylo() can now plot circular trees: the option is type =
513 "fan" or type = "f" (to avoid the ambiguity with type = "c").
515 o prop.part() has a new option `check.labels = FALSE' which allows
516 to considerably speed-up the calculations of bipartitions. As a
517 consequence, calculations of bootstrap values with boot.phylo()
518 should be much faster.
523 o read.GenBank() did not return correctly the list of species as
524 from ape 1.10: this is fixed in this version
526 o Applying as.phylo() on a tree of class "phylo" failed: the
527 object is now returned unchanged.
531 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-1
536 o The three new functions Ntip, Nnode, and Nedge return, for a
537 given tree, the number of tips, nodes, or edges, respectively.
542 o read.nexus() did not set correctly the class of the returned
543 object when reading multiple trees.
545 o mllt.plot() failed with objects of class c("multi.tree",
548 o unroot() did not work correctly in most cases.
550 o reorder.phylo() made R freeze in some occasions.
552 o Plotting a tree in pruningwise order failed.
554 o When plotting an unrooted tree, the tip labels where not all
555 correctly positioned if the option `cex' was used.
559 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10
564 o Five new `method' functions have been introduced to manipulate
565 DNA sequences in binary format (see below).
567 o Three new functions have been introduced to convert between the
568 new binary and the character formats.
570 o The new function as.alignment converts DNA sequences stored as
571 single characters into the class "alignment" used by the package
574 o read.dna() and read.GenBank() have a new argument `as.character'
575 controlling whether the sequences are returned in binary format
581 o root() failed when the tree had node labels: this is fixed.
583 o plot.phylo() did not correctly set the limits on the y-axis with
584 the default setting: this is fixed.
586 o dist.dna() returned a wrong result for the LogDet, paralinear,
587 and BH87 models with `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'.
592 o DNA sequences are now internally stored in a binary format. See
593 the document "A Bit-Level Coding Scheme for Nucleotides" for the
594 details. Most functions analyzing DNA functions have been
595 modified accordingly and are now much faster (dist.dna is now
596 ca. 60 times faster).
600 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-4
605 o A bug was fixed in edgelabels().
607 o as.phylo.hclust() did not work correctly when the object of
608 class "hclust" has its labels set to NULL: the returned tree has
609 now its tip labels set to "1", "2", ...
611 o consensus could fail if some tip labels are a subset of others
612 (e.g., "a" and "a_1"): this is now fixed.
614 o mlphylo() failed in most cases if some branch lengths of the
615 initial tree were greater than one: an error message is now
618 o mlphylo() failed in most cases when estimating the proportion of
619 invariants: this is fixed.
623 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-3
628 o The new function edgelabels adds labels on the edge of the tree
629 in the same way than nodelabels or tiplabels.
634 o multi2di() did not handle correctly branch lengths with the
635 default option `random = TRUE': this is now fixed.
637 o A bug was fixed in nuc.div() when using pairwise deletions.
639 o A bug occurred in the analysis of bipartitions with large
640 numbers of large trees, with consequences on prop.part,
641 prop.clades, and boot.phylo.
643 o The calculation of the Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann distance in
644 dist.topo was wrong: this has been fixed.
648 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-2
653 o The new function ladderize reorganizes the internal structure of
654 a tree to plot them left- or right-ladderized.
656 o The new function dist.nodes computes the patristic distances
657 between all nodes, internal and terminal, of a tree. It replaces
658 the option `full = TRUE' of cophenetic.phylo (see below).
663 o A bug was fixed in old2new.phylo().
665 o Some bugs were fixed in chronopl().
667 o The edge colours were not correctly displayed by plot.phylo
668 (thank you to Li-San Wang for the fix).
670 o cophenetic.phylo() failed with multichotomous trees: this is
676 o read.dna() now returns the sequences in a matrix if they are
677 aligned (interleaved or sequential format). Sequences in FASTA
678 format are still returned in a list.
680 o The option `full' of cophenetic.phylo() has been removed because
681 it could not be used from the generic.
686 o rotate() has been removed; this function did not work correctly
691 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-1
696 o Trees with a single tip were not read correctly in R as the
697 element `Nnode' was not set: this is fixed.
699 o unroot() did not set correctly the number of nodes of the
700 unrooted tree in most cases.
702 o read.GenBank() failed when fetching very long sequences,
703 particularly of the BX-series.
705 o A bug was introduced in read.tree() with ape 1.9: it has been
710 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9
715 o There are two new print `methods' for trees of class "phylo" and
716 lists of trees of class "multi.tree", so that they are now
717 displayed in a compact and informative way.
719 o There are two new functions, old2new.phylo and new2old.phylo,
720 for converting between the old and new coding of the class
723 o dist.dna() has three new models: Barry and Hartigan ("BH87"),
724 LogDet ("logdet"), and paralinear ("paralin").
726 o compute.brlen() has been extended: several methods are now
727 available to compute branch lengths.
729 o write.dna() can now handle matrices as well as lists.
734 o cophenetic.phylo() sometimes returned a wrong result with
735 multichotomous trees: this is fixed.
737 o rotate() failed when a single tip was specified: the tree is now
740 o ace() did not return the correct index matrix with custom
741 models: this is fixed.
743 o multi2di() did not work correctly when resolving multichotomies
744 randomly: the topology was always the same, only the arrangement
745 of clades was randomized: this is fixed. This function now
746 accepts trees with no branch lengths.
748 o The output of diversi.gof() was blurred by useless prints when a
749 user distribution was specified. This has been corrected, and
750 the help page of this function has been expanded.
755 o The internal structure of the class "phylo" has been changed:
756 see the document "Definition of Formats for Coding Phylogenetic
757 Trees in R" for the details. In addition, the code of most
758 functions has been improved.
760 o Several functions have been improved by replacing some R codes
761 by C codes: pic, plot.phylo, and reorder.phylo.
763 o There is now a citation information: see citation("ape") in R.
765 o write.tree() now does not add extra 0's to branch lengths so
766 that 1.23 is printed "1.23" by default, not "1.2300000000".
768 o The syntax of bind.tree() has been simplified. This function now
769 accepts trees with no branch lengths, and handles correctly node
772 o The option `as.numeric' of mrca() has been removed.
774 o The unused options `format' and `rooted' of read.tree() have
777 o The unused option `format' of write.tree() has been removed.
779 o The use of node.depth() has been simplified.
783 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-5
788 o Two new functions read.nexus.data() and write.nexus.data(),
789 contributed by Johan Nylander, allow to read and write molecular
790 sequences in NEXUS files.
792 o The new function reorder.phylo() reorders the internal structure
793 of a tree of class "phylo". It is used as the generic, e.g.,
796 o read.tree() and read.nexus() can now read trees with a single
799 o The new data set `cynipids' supplies a set of protein sequences
805 o The code of all.equal.phylo() has been completely rewritten
806 (thanks to Benoît Durand) which fixes several bugs.
808 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now checks the labels of the tree
809 to remove or substitute any characters that are illegal in the
810 Newick format (parentheses, etc.)
812 o A negative P-value could be returned by mantel.test(): this is
817 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-4
822 o The new function sh.test() computes the Shimodaira-
825 o The new function collapse.singles() removes the nodes with a
826 single descendant from a tree.
828 o plot.phylo() has a new argument `tip.color' to specify the
831 o mlphylo() has now an option `quiet' to control the display of
832 the progress of the analysis (the default is FALSE).
837 o read.dna() did not read correctly sequences in sequential format
838 with leading alignment gaps "-": this is fixed.
840 o ace() returned a list with no class so that the generic
841 functions (anova, logLik, ...) could not be used directly. This
842 is fixed as ace() now returns an object of class "ace".
844 o anova.ace() had a small bug when computing the number of degrees
845 of freedom: this is fixed.
847 o mlphylo() did not work when the sequences were in a matrix or
848 a data frame: this is fixed.
850 o rtree() did not work correctly when trying to simulate an
851 unrooted tree with two tips: an error message is now issued.
856 o The algorithm of rtree() has been changed: it is now about 40,
857 100, and 130 times faster for 10, 100, and 1000 tips,
862 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-3
867 o There are four new `method' functions to be used with the
868 results of ace(): logLik(), deviance(), AIC(), and anova().
870 o The plot method of phymltest has two new arguments: `main' to
871 change the title, and `col' to control the colour of the
872 segments showing the AIC values.
874 o ace() has a new argument `ip' that gives the initial values used
875 in the ML estimation with discrete characters (see the examples
876 in ?ace). This function now returns a matrix giving the indices
877 of the estimated rates when analysing discrete characters.
879 o nodelabels() and tiplabels() have a new argument `pie' to
880 represent proportions, with any number of categories, as
881 piecharts. The use of the option `thermo' has been improved:
882 there is now no limitation on the number of categories.
887 o mlphylo() did not work with more than two partitions: this is
890 o root() failed if the proposed outgroup was already an outgroup
891 in the tree: this is fixed.
893 o The `col' argument in nodelabels() and tiplabels() was not
894 correctly passed when `text' was used: this is fixed.
896 o Two bugs were fixed in mlphylo(): parameters were not always
897 correctly output, and the estimation failed in some cases.
899 o plot.phylo() was stuck when given a tree with a single tip: this
900 is fixed and a message error is now returned.
902 o An error was corrected in the help page of gammaStat regarding
903 the calculation of P-values.
905 o Using gls() could crash R when the number of species in the tree
906 and in the variables were different: this is fixed.
910 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-2
915 o The new function mlphylo() fits a phylogenetic tree by maximum
916 likelihood from DNA sequences. Its companion function DNAmodel()
917 is used to define the substitution model which may include
918 partitioning. There are methods for logLik(), deviance(), and
919 AIC(), and the summary() method has been extended to display in
920 a friendly way the results of this model fitting. Currently, the
921 functionality is limited to estimating the substitution and
922 associated parameters and computing the likelihood.
924 o The new function drop1.compar.gee (used as, e.g., drop1(m))
925 tests for single effects in GEE-based comparative method. A
926 warning message is printed if there is not enough degrees of
932 o An error message was sometimes issued by plot.multi.tree(),
933 though with no consequence.
937 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-1
942 o There is a new plot method for lists of trees (objects of class
943 "multi.tree"): it calls plot.phylo() internally and is
944 documented on the same help page.
949 o A bug was fixed in the C code that analyzes bipartitions: this
950 has impact on several functions like prop.part, prop.clades,
951 boot.phylo, or consensus.
953 o root() did not work correctly when the specified outgroup had
954 more than one element: this is fixed.
956 o dist.dna() sometimes returned a warning inappropriately: this
959 o If the distance object given to nj() had no rownames, nj()
960 returned a tree with no tip labels: it now returns tips labelled
961 "1", "2", ..., corresponding to the row numbers.
966 o nj() has been slightly changed so that tips with a zero distance
967 are first aggregated with zero-lengthed branches; the usual NJ
968 procedure is then performed on a distance matrix without 0's.
972 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8
977 o The new function chronopl() estimates dates using the penalized
978 likelihood method by Sanderson (2002; Mol. Biol. Evol., 19:101).
980 o The new function consensus() calculates the consensus tree of a
983 o The new function evolve.phylo() simulates the evolution of
984 continuous characters along a phylogeny under a Brownian model.
986 o The new plot method for objects of class "ancestral" displays a
987 tree together with ancestral values, as returned by the above
990 o The new function as.phylo.formula() returns a phylogeny from a
991 set of nested taxonomic variables given as a formula.
993 o The new function read.caic() reads trees in CAIC format.
995 o The new function tiplabels() allows to add labels to the tips
996 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
998 o The new function unroot() unroots a phylogeny.
1000 o multi2di() has a new option, `random', which specifies whether
1001 to resolve the multichotomies randomly (the default) or not.
1003 o prop.part() now returns an object of class "prop.part" for which
1004 there are print (to display a partition in a more friendly way)
1005 and summary (to extract the numbers) methods.
1007 o plot.phylo() has a new option, `show.tip.label', specifying
1008 whether to print the labels of the tips. The default is TRUE.
1010 o The code of nj() has been replaced by a faster C code: it is now
1011 about 10, 25, and 40 times faster for 50, 100, and 200 taxa,
1014 o write.nexus() now writes whether a tree is rooted or not.
1019 o Two bugs have been fixed in root(): unrooted trees are now
1020 handled corretly, and node labels are now output normally.
1022 o A bug was fixed in phymltest(): the executable couldn't be found
1025 o Three bug have been fixed in ace(): computing the likelihood of
1026 ancestral states of discrete characters failed, custom models
1027 did not work, and the function failed with a null gradient (a
1028 warning message is now returned; this latter bug was also
1029 present in yule.cov() as well and is now fixed).
1031 o pic() hanged out when missing data were present: a message error
1034 o A small bug was fixed in dist.dna() where the gamma correction
1035 was not always correctly dispatched.
1037 o plot.phylo() plotted correctly the root edge only when the tree
1038 was plotted rightwards: this works now for all directions.
1043 o dist.taxo() has been renamed as weight.taxo().
1045 o Various error and warning messages have been improved.
1049 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.7
1052 o The new function ace() estimates ancestral character states for
1053 continuous characters (with ML, GLS, and contrasts methods), and
1054 discrete characters (with ML only) for any number of states.
1056 o The new function compar.ou() fits the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model
1057 of directional evolution for continuous characters. The user
1058 specifies the node(s) of the tree where the character optimum
1061 o The new function is.rooted() tests whether a tree (of class
1064 o The new function rcoal() generates random ultrametric trees with
1065 the possibility to specify the function that generates the
1066 inter-nodes distances.
1068 o The new function mrca() gives for all pairs of tips in a tree
1069 (and optionally nodes too) the most recent common ancestor.
1071 o nodelabels() has a new option `thermo' to plot proportions (up
1072 to three classes) on the nodes of a tree.
1074 o rtree() has been improved: it can now generate rooted or
1075 unrooted trees, and the mathematical function that generates the
1076 branch lengths may be specified by the user. The tip labels may
1077 be given directly in the call to rtree. The limit cases (n = 2,
1078 3) are now handled correctly.
1080 o dist.topo() has a new argument `method' with two choices: "PH85"
1081 for Penny and Henny's method (already available before and now
1082 the default), and "BHV01" for the geometric distance by Billera
1083 et al. (2001, Adv. Appl. Math. 27:733).
1085 o write.tree() has a new option, `digits', which specifies the
1086 number of digits to be printed in the Newick tree. By default
1087 digits = 10. The numbers are now always printed in decimal form
1088 (i.e., 1.0e-1 is now avoided).
1090 o dist.dna() can now compute the raw distances between pairs of
1091 DNA sequences by specifying model = "raw".
1093 o dist.phylo() has a new option `full' to possibly compute the
1094 distances among all tips and nodes of the tree. The default if
1100 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo().
1102 o dist.dna() did not handle correctly gaps ("-") in alignments:
1103 they are now considered as missing data.
1105 o rotate() did not work if the tips were not ordered: this is
1108 o mantel.test() returned NA in some special cases: this is fixed
1109 and the function has been improved and is now faster.
1111 o A bug was fixed in diversi.gof() where the calculation of A² was
1114 o cherry() did not work correctly under some OSs (mainly Linux):
1117 o is.binary.tree() has been modified so that it works with both
1118 rooted and unrooted trees.
1120 o The documentation of theta.s() was not correct: this has been
1123 o plot.mst() did not work correctly: this is fixed.
1127 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.6
1132 o The new function dist.topo() computes the topological distances
1135 o The new function boot.phylo() performs a bootstrap analysis on
1136 phylogeny estimation.
1138 o The new functions prop.part() and prop.clades() analyse
1139 bipartitions from a series of trees.
1144 o read.GenBank() now uses the EFetch utility of NCBI instead of
1145 the usual Web interface: it is now much faster (e.g., 12 times
1146 faster to retrieve 8 sequences, 37 times for 60 sequences).
1151 o Several bugs were fixed in read.dna().
1153 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time().
1155 o is.binary.tree() did not work correctly if the tree has no edge
1156 lengths: this is fixed.
1158 o drop.tip() did not correctly propagated the `node.label' of a
1159 tree: this is fixed.
1163 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.5
1168 o Two new functions, as.matching.phylo() and as.phylo.matching(),
1169 convert objects between the classes "phylo" and "matching". The
1170 latter implements the representation of binary trees introduced by
1171 Diaconis and Holmes (1998; PNAS 95:14600). The generic function
1172 as.matching() has been introduced as well.
1174 o Two new functions, multi2di() and di2multi(), allow to resolve
1175 and collapse multichotomies with branches of length zero.
1177 o The new function nuc.div() computes the nucleotide diversity
1178 from a sample a DNA sequences.
1180 o dist.dna() has been completely rewritten with a much faster
1181 (particularly for large data sets) C code. Eight models are
1182 available: JC69, K80, F81, K81, F84, T92, TN93, and GG95 (the
1183 option `method' has been renamed `model'). Computation of variance
1184 is available for all models. A gamma-correction is possible for
1185 JC69, K80, F81, and TN93. There is a new option, pairwise.deletion,
1186 to remove sites with missing data on a pairwise basis. The option
1187 `GCcontent' has been removed.
1189 o read.GenBank() has a new option (species.names) which specifies
1190 whether to return the species names of the organisms in addition
1191 to the accession numbers of the sequences (this is the default
1194 o write.nexus() can now write several trees in the same NEXUS file.
1196 o drop.tip() has a new option `root.edge' that allows to specify the
1197 new root edge if internal branches are trimmed.
1202 o as.phylo.hclust() failed if some labels had parentheses: this
1205 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo(). This function now
1206 returns the logical TRUE if the trees are identical but with
1207 different representations (a report was printed previously).
1209 o read.GenBank() did not correctly handle ambiguous base codes:
1215 o birthdeath() now returns an object of class "birthdeath" for
1216 which there is a print method.
1220 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.4
1225 o The new function nj() performs phylogeny estimation with the
1226 neighbor-joining method of Saitou and Nei (1987; Mol. Biol.
1229 o The new function which.edge() identifies the edges of a tree
1230 that belong to a group specified as a set of tips.
1232 o The new function as.phylo.phylog() converts an object of class
1233 "phylog" (from the package ade4) into an object of class
1236 o The new function axisPhylo() draws axes on the side of a
1239 o The new function howmanytrees() calculates the number of trees
1240 in different cases and giving a number of tips.
1242 o write.tree() has a new option `multi.line' (TRUE by default) to
1243 write a Newick tree on several lines rather than on a single
1246 o The functionalities of zoom() have been extended. Several
1247 subtrees can be visualized at the same time, and they are marked
1248 on the main tree with colors. The context of the subtrees can be
1249 marked with the option `subtree' (see below).
1251 o drop.tip() has a new option `subtree' (FALSE by default) which
1252 specifies whether to output in the tree how many tips have been
1255 o The arguments of add.scale.bar() have been redefined and have
1256 now default values (see ?add.scale.bar for details). This
1257 function now works even if the plotted tree has no edge length.
1259 o plot.phylo() can now plot radial trees, but this does not take
1260 edge lengths into account.
1262 o In plot.phylo() with `type = "phylogram"', if the values of
1263 `edge.color' and `edge.width' are identical for sister-branches,
1264 they are propagated to the vertical line that link them.
1269 o Repeated calls to as.phylo.hclust() or as.hclust.phylo() made R
1270 crashing. This is fixed.
1272 o In plot.phylo(), the options `edge.color' and `edge.width' are
1273 now properly recycled; their default values are now "black" and
1276 o A bug has been fixed in write.nexus().
1281 o The function node.depth.edgelength() has been removed and
1282 replaced by a C code.
1286 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3-1
1291 o The new function nodelabels() allows to add labels to the nodes
1292 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1294 o In plot.phylo() the arguments `x.lim' and `y.lim' can now be two
1295 numeric values specifying the lower and upper limits on the x-
1296 and y-axes. This allows to leave some space on any side of the
1297 tree. If a single value is given, this is taken as the upper
1302 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3
1307 o The new function phymltest() calls the software PHYML and fits
1308 28 models of DNA sequence evolution. There are a print method to
1309 display likelihood and AIC values, a summary method to compute
1310 the hierarchical likelihood ratio tests, and a plot method to
1311 display graphically the AIC values of each model.
1313 o The new function yule.cov() fits the Yule model with covariates,
1314 a model where the speciation rate is affected by several species
1315 traits through a generalized linear model. The parameters are
1316 estimated by maximum likelihood.
1318 o Three new functions, corBrownian(), corGrafen(), and
1319 corMartins(), compute the expected correlation structures among
1320 species given a phylogeny under different models of evolution.
1321 These can be used for GLS comparative phylogenetic methods (see
1322 the examples). There are coef() and corMatrix() methods and an
1323 Initialize.corPhyl() function associated.
1325 o The new function compar.cheverud() implements Cheverud et al.'s
1326 (1985; Evolution 39:1335) phylogenetic comparative method.
1328 o The new function varcomp() estimates variance components; it has
1331 o Two new functions, panel.superpose.correlogram() and
1332 plot.correlogramList(), allow to plot several phylogenetic
1335 o The new function node.leafnumber() computes the number of leaves
1336 of a subtree defined by a particular node.
1338 o The new function node.sons() gets all tags of son nodes from a
1341 o The new function compute.brlen() computes the branch lengths of
1342 a tree according to a specified method.
1344 o plot.phylo() has three new options: "cex" controls the size of
1345 the (tip and node) labels (thus it is no more needed to change
1346 the global graphical parameter), "direction" which allows to
1347 plot the tree rightwards, leftwards, upwards, or downwards, and
1348 "y.lim" which sets the upper limit on the y-axis.
1353 o Some functions which try to match tip labels and names of
1354 additional data (e.g. vector) are likely to fail if there are
1355 typing or syntax errors. If both series of names do not perfectly
1356 match, they are ignored and a warning message is now issued.
1357 These functions are bd.ext, compar.gee, pic. Their help pages
1358 have been clarified on this point.
1362 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-7
1367 o The new function root() reroots a phylogenetic tree with respect
1368 to a specified outgroup.
1370 o The new function rotate() rotates an internal branch of a tree.
1372 o In plot.phylo(), the new argument "lab4ut" (labels for unrooted
1373 trees) controls the display of the tip labels in unrooted trees.
1374 This display has been greatly improved: the tip labels are now not
1375 expected to overlap with the tree (particularly if lab4ut =
1376 "axial"). In all cases, combining appropriate values of "lab4ut"
1377 and the font size (via "par(cex = )") should result in readable
1378 unrooted trees. See ?plot.phylo for some examples.
1380 o In drop.tip(), the argument `tip' can now be numeric or character.
1385 o drop.tip() did not work correctly with trees with no branch
1386 lengths: this is fixed.
1388 o A bug in plot.phylo(..., type = "unrooted") made some trees being
1389 plotted with some line crossings: this is now fixed.
1393 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-6
1398 o Six new functions (Moran.I, correlogram.formula, discrete.dist,
1399 correlogram.phylo, dist.taxo, plot.correlogram) have been added
1400 to implement comparative methods with an autocorrelation approach.
1402 o A new data set describing some life history traits of Carnivores
1408 o A fix was made on mcmc.popsize() to conform to R 2.0.0.
1413 o When plotting a tree with plot.phylo(), the new default of the
1414 option `label.offset' is now 0, so the labels are always visible.
1418 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-5
1423 o The new function bd.ext() fits a birth-death model with combined
1424 phylogenetic and taxonomic data, and estimates the corresponding
1425 speciation and extinction rates.
1430 o The package gee is no more required by ape but only suggested
1431 since only the function compar.gee() calls gee.
1435 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-4
1440 o Four new functions (mcmc.popsize, extract.popsize, plot.popsize,
1441 and lines.popsize) implementing a new approach for inferring the
1442 demographic history from genealogies using a reversible jump
1443 MCMC have been introduced.
1445 o The unit of time in the skyline plot and in the new plots can
1446 now be chosen to be actual years, rather than substitutions.
1450 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-3
1455 o The new function rtree() generates a random binary tree with or
1456 without branch lengths.
1458 o Two new functions for drawing lineages-through-time (LTT) plots
1459 are provided: ltt.lines() adds a LTT curve to an existing plot,
1460 and mltt.plot() does a multiple LTT plot giving several trees as
1461 arguments (see `?ltt.plot' for details).
1466 o Some taxon names made R crashing when calling as.phylo.hclust():
1469 o dist.dna() returned an error with two identical DNA sequences
1470 (only using the Jukes-Cantor method returned 0): this is fixed.
1475 o The function dist.phylo() has been re-written using a different
1476 algorithm: it is now about four times faster.
1478 o The code of branching.times() has been improved: it is now about
1483 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-2
1488 o The new function seg.sites() finds the segregating sites in a
1489 sample of DNA sequences.
1494 o A bug introduced in read.tree() and in read.nexus() with version
1497 o A few errors were corrected and a few examples were added in the
1502 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-1
1507 o plot.phylo() can now draw the edge of the root of a tree if it
1508 has one (see the new option `root.edge', its default is FALSE).
1513 o A bug was fixed in read.nexus(): files with semicolons inside
1514 comment blocks were not read correctly.
1516 o The behaviour of read.tree() and read.nexus() was corrected so
1517 that tree files with badly represented root edges (e.g., with
1518 an extra pair of parentheses, see the help pages for details)
1519 are now correctly represented in the object of class "phylo";
1520 a warning message is now issued.
1524 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2
1529 o plot.phylo() has been completely re-written and offers several
1530 new functionalities. Three types of trees can now be drawn:
1531 phylogram (as previously), cladogram, and unrooted tree; in
1532 all three types the branch lengths can be drawn using the edge
1533 lengths of the phylogeny or not (e.g., if the latter is absent).
1534 The vertical position of the nodes can be adjusted with two
1535 choices (see option `node.pos'). The code has been re-structured,
1536 and two new functions (potentially useful for developpers) are
1537 documented separately: node.depth.edgelength() and node.depth();
1538 see the respective help pages for details.
1540 o The new function zoom() allows to explore very large trees by
1541 focusing on a small portion of it.
1543 o The new function yule() fits by maximum likelihood the Yule model
1544 (birth-only process) to a phylogenetic tree.
1546 o Support for writing DNA sequences in FASTA format has been
1547 introduced in write.dna() (support for reading sequences in
1548 this format was introduced in read.dna() in version 1.1-2).
1549 The function has been completely re-written, fixing some bugs
1550 (see below); the default behaviour is no more to display the
1551 sequences on the standard output. Several options have been
1552 introduced to control the sequence printing in a flexible
1553 way. The help page has been extended.
1555 o A new data set is included: a supertree of bats in NEXUS format.
1560 o In theta.s(), the default of the option `variance' has
1561 been changed to `FALSE' (as was indicated in the help page).
1563 o Several bugs were fixed in the code of all.equal.phylo().
1565 o Several bugs were fixed in write.dna(), particularly this
1566 function did not work with `format = "interleaved"'.
1568 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.
1573 o The argument names of as.hclust.phylo() have been changed
1574 from "(phy)" to "(x, ...)" to conform to the definition of
1575 the corresponding generic function.
1577 o gamma.stat() has been renamed gammaStat() to avoid confusion
1578 since gamma() is a generic function.
1582 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-3
1587 o base.freq() previously did not return a value of 0 for
1588 bases absent in the data (e.g., a vector of length 3 was
1589 returned if one base was absent). This is now fixed (a
1590 vector of length 4 is always returned).
1592 o Several bugs were fixed in read.nexus(), including that this
1593 function did not work in this absence of a "TRANSLATE"
1594 command in the NEXUS file, and that the commands were
1599 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-2
1604 o The Tamura and Nei (1993) model of DNA distance is now implemented
1605 in dist.dna(): five models are now available in this function.
1607 o A new data set is included: a set of 15 sequences of the
1608 cytochrome b mitochondrial gene of the woodmouse (Apodemus
1614 o A bug in read.nexus() was fixed.
1616 o read.dna() previously did not work correctly in most cases.
1617 The function has been completely re-written and its help page
1618 has been considerably extended (see ?read.dna for details).
1619 Underscores (_) in taxon names are no more replaced with
1620 spaces (this behaviour was undocumented).
1622 o A bug was fixed in write.dna().
1626 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-1
1631 o A bug in read.tree() introduced in APE 1.1 was fixed.
1633 o A bug in compar.gee() resulted in an error when trying to fit
1634 a model with `family = "binomial"'. This is now fixed.
1638 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1
1643 o The Klastorin (1982) method as suggested by Misawa and Tajima
1644 (2000, Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:1879-1884) for classifying genes
1645 on the basis of phylogenetic trees has been implemented (see
1646 the function klastorin()).
1648 o Functions have been added to convert APE's "phylo" objects in
1649 "hclust" cluster objects and vice versa (see the help page of
1650 as.phylo for details).
1652 o Three new functions, ratogram(), chronogram() and NPRS.criterion(),
1653 are introduced for the estimation of absolute evolutionary rates
1654 (ratogram) and dated clock-like trees (chronogram) from
1655 phylogenetic trees using the non-parametric rate smoothing approach
1656 by MJ Sanderson (1997, Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:1218-1231).
1658 o A summary method is now provided printing a summary information on a
1659 phylogenetic tree with, for instance, `summary(tree)'.
1661 o The behaviour of read.tree() was changed so that all spaces and
1662 tabulations in tree files are now ignored. Consequently, spaces in tip
1663 labels are no more allowed. Another side effect is that read.nexus()
1664 now does not replace the underscores (_) in tip labels with spaces
1665 (this behaviour was undocumented).
1667 o The function plot.phylo() has a new option (`underscore') which
1668 specifies whether the underscores in tip labels should be written on
1669 the plot as such or replaced with spaces (the default).
1671 o The function birthdeath() now computes 95% confidence intervals of
1672 the estimated parameters using profile likelihood.
1674 o Three new data sets are included: a gene tree estimated from 36
1675 landplant rbcL sequences, a gene tree estimated from 32 opsin
1676 sequences, and a gene tree for 50 BRCA1 mammalian sequences.
1681 o A bug was fixed in dist.gene() where nothing was returned.
1683 o A bug in plot.mst() was fixed.
1685 o A bug in vcv.phylo() resulted in false correlations when the
1686 option `cor = TRUE' was used (now fixed).
1690 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.0
1695 o Two new functions, read.dna() and write.dna(), read/write in a file
1696 DNA sequences in interleaved or in sequential format.
1698 o Two new functions, read.nexus() and write.nexus(), read/write trees
1701 o The new function bind.tree() allows to bind two trees together,
1702 possibly handling root edges to give internal branches.
1704 o The new function drop.tip() removes the tips in a phylogenetic tree,
1705 and trims (or not) the corresponding internal branches.
1707 o The new function is.ultrametric() tests if a tree is ultrametric.
1709 o The function plot.phylo() has more functionalities such as drawing the
1710 branches with different colours and/or different widths, showing the
1711 node labels, controling the position and font of the labels, rotating
1712 the labels, and controling the space around the plot.
1714 o The function read.tree() can now read trees with no branch length,
1715 such as "(a,b),c);". Consequently, the element `edge.length' in
1716 objects of class "phylo" is now optional.
1718 o The function write.tree() has a new default behaviour: if the default
1719 for the option `file' is used (i.e. file = ""), then a variable of
1720 mode character containing the tree in Newick format is returned which
1721 can thus be assigned (e.g., tree <- write.tree(phy)).
1723 o The function read.tree() has a new argument `text' which allows
1724 to read the tree in a variable of mode character.
1726 o A new data set is included: the phylogenetic relationships among
1727 the orders of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990).
1731 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2-1
1736 o Several bugs were fixed in the help pages.
1740 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2
1745 o The function write.tree() writes phylogenetic trees (objects of class
1746 "phylo") in an ASCII file using the Newick parenthetic format.
1748 o The function birthdeath() fits a birth-death model to branching times
1749 by maximum likelihood, and estimates the corresponding speciation and
1752 o The function scale.bar() adds a scale bar to a plot of a phylogenetic
1755 o The function is.binary.tree() tests whether a phylogeny is binary.
1757 o Two generic functions, coalescent.intervals() and collapsed.intervals(),
1758 as well as some methods are introduced.
1760 o Several functions, including some generics and methods, for computing
1761 skyline plot estimates (classic and generalized) of effective
1762 population size through time are introduced and replace the function
1763 skyline.plot() in version 0.1.
1765 o Two data sets are now included: the phylogenetic relationships among
1766 the families of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990), and an
1767 estimated clock-like phylogeny of HIV sequences sampled in the
1768 Democratic Republic of Congo.
1771 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
1773 o The function skyline.plot() in ape 0.1 has been deprecated and
1774 replaced by more elaborate functions (see above).
1779 o Two important bugs were fixed in plot.phylo(): phylogenies with
1780 multichotomies not at the root or not with only terminal branches,
1781 and phylogenies with a single node (i.e. only terminal branches)
1782 did not plot. These trees should be plotted correctly now.
1784 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time() in the computation of
1787 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.