1 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.7-1
6 o The new function trex does tree exploration with multiple
9 o The new function kronoviz plots several rooted (dated) trees on
12 o identify.phylo() has a new option 'quiet' (FALSE by default).
17 o A bug was introduced in read.nexus() in ape 2.7.
19 o image.DNAbin() did not colour correctly the bases if there were
22 o .compressTipLabel() failed with a list with a single tree.
24 o identify.phylo() returned a wrong answer when the x- and y-scales
27 o write.nexus() failed with lists of trees with compressed labels.
32 o identify.phylo() now returns NULL if the user right-(instead of
33 left-)clicks (an error was returned previously).
35 o read.nexus() should be robust to commands inserted in the TREES
40 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.7
45 o There is a new image() method for "DNAbin" objects: it plots DNA
46 alignments in a flexible and efficient way.
48 o Two new functions as.network.phylo and as.igraph.phylo convert
49 trees of class "phylo" into these respective network classes
50 defined in the packages of the same names.
52 o The three new functions clustal, muscle, and tcoffee perform
53 nucleotide sequence alignment by calling the external programs
56 o Four new functions, diversity.contrast.test, mcconwaysims.test,
57 richness.yule.test, and slowinskiguyer.test, implement various
58 tests of diversification shifts using sister-clade comparisons.
60 o base.freq() gains an option 'all' to count all the possible bases
61 including the ambiguous ones (defaults to FALSE).
63 o read.nexus() now writes tree names in the NEXUS file if given a
64 list of trees with names.
69 o prop.part() failed in some situations with unrooted trees.
71 o read.nexus() shuffled node labels when a TRANSLATE block was
74 o varCompPhylip() did not work if 'exec' was specified.
76 o bind.tree() shuffled node labels when position > 0 and 'where'
82 o BaseProportion in src/dist_dna.c has been modified.
84 o A number of functions in src/tree_build.c have been modified.
86 o The matching representation has now only two columns as the third
91 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.6-3
96 o rTraitCont() and rTraitDisc() gains a '...' argument used with
97 user-defined models (suggestion by Gene Hunt).
102 o as.hclust.phylo() now returns an error with unrooted trees.
104 o as.hclust.phylo() failed with trees with node labels (thanks to
105 Jinlong Zhang for pointing this bug out).
107 o read.dna(, "fasta") failed if sequences were not all of the same
110 o plot.phylo() did not recycle values of 'font', 'cex' and
111 'tip.color' correctly when type = "fan" or "radial".
113 o plot.phylo() ignored 'label.offset' when type = "radial", "fan", or
114 "unrooted" with lab4ut = "axial" (the placement of tip labels still
115 needs to be improved with lab4ut = "horizontal").
120 o In drop.fossil() the default tol = 0 has been raised to 1e-8.
122 o The help command ?phylo now points to the man page of read.tree()
123 where this class is described. Similarly, ?matching points to the
124 man page of as.matching().
128 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.6-2
133 o Two new functions, pic.ortho and varCompPhylip, implements the
134 orthonormal contrasts of Felsenstein (2008, Am Nat, 171:713). The
135 second function requires Phylip to be installed on the computer.
137 o bd.ext() has a new option conditional = TRUE to use probabilities
138 conditioned on no extinction for the taxonomic data.
143 o write.tree() failed to output correctly tree names.
145 o dist.nodes() returned duplicated column(s) with unrooted and/or
146 multichotomous trees.
148 o mcmc.popsize() terminated unexpectedly if the progress bar was
151 o prop.part(x) made R frozen if 'x' is of class "multiPhylo".
153 o Compilation under Mandriva failed (thanks to Jos Käfer for the fix).
155 o drop.tip() shuffled tip labels with subtree = TRUE or trim.internal
158 o Objects returned by as.hclust.phylo() failed when analysed with
159 cutree() or rect.hclust().
161 o write.tree() did not output correctly node labels (thanks to Naim
162 Matasci and Jeremy Beaulieu for the fix).
164 o ace(type = "discrete") has been improved thanks to Naim Marasci and
169 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.6-1
174 o The new function speciesTree calculates the species tree from a set
175 of gene trees. Several methods are available including maximum tree
176 and shallowest divergence tree.
181 o A bug introduced in write.tree() with ape 2.6 has been fixed.
183 o as.list.DNAbin() did not work correctly with vectors.
185 o as.hclust.phylo() failed with trees with node labels (thanks to
186 Filipe Vieira for the fix).
190 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.6
195 o The new functions rlineage and rbdtree simulate phylogenies under
196 any user-defined time-dependent speciation-extinction model. They
197 use continuous time algorithms.
199 o The new function drop.fossil removes the extinct species from a
202 o The new function bd.time fits a user-defined time-dependent
203 birth-death model. It is a generalization of yule.time() taking
204 extinction into account.
206 o The new function MPR does most parsimonious reconstruction of
209 o The new function Ftab computes the contingency table of base
210 frequencies from a pair of sequences.
212 o There is now an 'as.list' method for the class "DNAbin".
214 o dist.dna() can compute the number of transitions or transversions
215 with the option model = "Ts" or model = "Tv", respectively.
217 o [node|tip|edge]labels() gain three options with default values to
218 control the aspect of thermometers: horiz = TRUE, width = NULL,
221 o compar.gee() has been improved with the new option 'corStruct' as an
222 alternative to 'phy' to specify the correlation structure, and
223 calculation of the QIC (Pan 2001, Biometrics). The display of the
224 results has also been improved.
226 o read.GenBank() has a new option 'gene.names' to return the name of
227 the gene (FALSE by default).
232 o extract.clade() sometimes shuffled the tip labels.
234 o plot.phylo(type = "unrooted") did not force asp = 1 (thanks to Klaus
237 o dist.dna(model = "logdet") used to divide distances by 4. The
238 documentation has been clarified on the formulae used.
243 o rTraitCont(model = "OU") has an option 'linear = TRUE' to possibly
244 change the parameterisation (see ?rTraitCont for details).
246 o pic() now returns a vector with the node labels of the tree (if
249 o write.tree() and read.tree() have been substantially improved thanks
250 to contributions by Klaus Schliep.
254 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.5-3
259 o The new function mixedFontLabel helps to make labels with bits of
260 text to be plotted in different fonts.
262 o There are now replacement operators for [, [[, and $ for the class
263 "multiPhylo" (i.e., TREES[11:20] <- rmtree(10, 100)). They possibly
264 check that the tip labels are the same in all trees.
266 o Objects of class "multiPhylo" can be built with c(): there are
267 methods for the classes "phylo" and "multiPhylo".
269 o The internal functions .compressTipLabel and .uncompressTipLabel are
275 o bind.tree(x, y, where, position = 0) did not work correctly if 'y'
276 was a single-edge tree and 'where' was a tip.
278 o rTraitCont() did not use the square-root of branch lengths when
279 simulating a Brownian motion model.
283 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.5-2
288 o There is now a print method for results from ace().
290 o There is a labels() method for objects of class "DNAbin".
292 o read.dna() has a new option 'as.matrix' to possibly force sequences
293 in a FASTA file to be stored in a matrix (see ?read.dna for details).
298 o as.phylo.hclust() used to multiply edge lengths by 2.
300 o A minor bug was fixed in rTraitDisc().
302 o ace() sometimes failed (parameter value was NaN and the optimisation
308 o evolve.phylo() and plot.ancestral() have been removed.
310 o chronogram(), ratogram(), and NPRS.criterion() have been removed.
315 o nj() has been improved and is now about 30% faster.
317 o The default option 'drop' of [.DNAbin has been changed to FALSE to
318 avoid dropping rownames when selecting a single sequence.
320 o print.DNAbin() has been changed to summary.DNAbin() which has been
325 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.5-1
330 o The new function stree generates trees with regular shapes.
332 o It is now possible to bind two trees with x + y (see ?bind.tree for
335 o drop.tip(), extract.clade(), root(), and bind.tree() now have an
336 'interactive' option to make the operation on a plotted tree.
338 o cophyloplot() gains two new arguments 'lwd' and 'lty' for the
339 association links; they are recycled like 'col' (which wasn't before).
344 o rTraitDisc() did not use its 'freq' argument correctly (it was
345 multiplied with the rate matrix column-wise instead of row-wise).
347 o [node|tip|edge]labels(thermo = ) used to draw empty thermometers
348 with NA values. Nothing is drawn now like with 'text' or 'pch'.
349 The same bug occurred with the 'pie' option.
351 o A bug was fixed in compar.ou() and the help page was clarified.
353 o bind.tree() has been rewritten fixing several bugs and making it
356 o plot.phylo(type = "p") sometimes failed to colour correctly the
357 vertical lines representing the nodes.
359 o plot.phylo(direction = "l", x.lim = 30) failed to plot the branches
360 in the correct direction though the tip labels were displayed
366 o The c, cbind, and rbind methods for "DNAbin" objetcs now check that
367 the sequences are correctly stored (in a list for c, in a matrix
368 for the two other functions).
372 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.5
377 o The new function parafit by Pierre Legendre tests for the
378 coevolution between hosts and parasites. It has a companion
379 function, pcoa, that does principal coordinate decomposition.
380 The latter has a biplot method.
382 o The new function lmorigin by Pierre Legendre performs multiple
383 regression through the origin with testing by permutation.
385 o The new functions rTraitCont and rTraitDisc simulate continuous and
386 discrete traits under a wide range of evolutionary models.
388 o The new function delta.plot does a delta plot following Holland et
389 al. (2002, Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:2051).
391 o The new function edges draws additional branches between any nodes
392 and/or tips on a plotted tree.
394 o The new function fancyarrows enhances arrows from graphics with
395 triangle and harpoon heads; it can be called from edges().
397 o add.scale.bar() has a new option 'ask' to draw interactively.
399 o The branch length score replaces the geodesic distance in dist.topo.
401 o Three new data sets are included: the gopher-lice data (gopher.D),
402 SO2 air pollution in 41 US cities (lmorigin.ex1, from Sokal &
403 Rohlf 1995), and some host-parasite specificity data
404 (lmorigin.ex2, from Legendre & Desdevises 2009).
409 o add.scale.bar() drew the bar outside the plotting region with the
410 default options with unrooted or radial trees.
412 o dist.topo() made R stuck when the trees had different sizes (thanks
413 to Otto Cordero for the fix).
418 o The geodesic distance has been replaced by the branch length score
423 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.4-1
428 o rtree() and rcoal() now accept a numeric vector for the 'br'
431 o vcv() is a new generic function with methods for the classes "phylo"
432 and "corPhyl" so that it is possible to calculate the var-cov matrix
433 for "transformation models". vcv.phylo() can still be used for trees
434 of class "phylo"; its argument 'cor' has been renamed 'corr'.
439 o bind.tree() failed when 'y' had no root edge.
441 o read.nexus() shuffled tip labels when the trees have no branch
442 lengths and there is a TRANSLATE block.
444 o read.nexus() does not try to translate node labels if there is a
445 translation table in the NEXUS file. See ?read.nexus for a
446 clarification on this behaviour.
448 o plot.multiPhylo() crashed R when plotting a list of trees with
449 compressed tip labels.
451 o write.nexus() did not translate the taxa names when asked for.
453 o plot.phylo(type = "fan") did not rotate the tip labels correctly
454 when the tree has branch lengths.
456 o ace(type = "continuous", method = "ML") now avoids sigma² being
457 negative (which resulted in an error).
459 o nj() crashed with NA/NaN in the distance matrix: an error in now
464 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.4
469 o base.freq() has a new option 'freq' to return the counts; the
470 default is still to return the proportions.
475 o seg.sites() did not handle ambiguous nucleotides correctly: they
478 o plot(phy, root.edge = TRUE) failed if there was no $root.edge in
479 the tree: the argument is now ignored.
481 o add.scale.bar() failed when 'x' and 'y' were given (thanks to Janet
487 o Trying to plot a tree with a single tip now returns NULL with a
488 warning (it returned an error previously).
490 o The way lines representing nodes are coloured in phylograms has
491 been modified (as well as their widths and types) following some
492 users' request; this is only for dichotomous nodes.
494 o The argument 'adj' in [node][tip][edge]labels() now works when
495 using 'pie' or 'thermo'.
497 o A more informative message error is now returned by dist.dna() when
498 'model' is badly specified (partial matching of this argument is
501 o Deprecated functions are now listed in a help page: see
502 help("ape-defunct") with the quotes.
507 o The functions heterozygosity, nuc.div, theta.h, theta.k and
508 theta.s have been moved from ape to pegas.
510 o The functions mlphylo, DNAmodel and sh.test have been removed.
514 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3-3
519 o add.scale.bar() always drew a horizontal bar.
521 o zoom() shuffled tips with unrooted trees.
523 o write.nexus() failed to write correctly trees with a "TipLabel"
526 o rcoal() failed to compute branch lengths with very large n.
528 o A small bug was fixed in compar.cheverud() (thanks to Michael
531 o seg.sites() failed when passing a vector.
533 o drop.tip() sometimes shuffled tip labels.
535 o root() shuffled node labels with 'resolve.root = TRUE'.
539 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3-2
544 o all.equal.phylo() did not compare unrooted trees correctly.
546 o dist.topo(... method = "PH85") did not treat unrooted trees
547 correctly (thanks to Tim Wallstrom for the fix).
549 o root() sometimes failed to test for the monophyly of the
552 o extract.clade() sometimes included too many edges.
554 o vcv.phylo() did not work correctly when the tree is in
557 o nj() did not handle correctly distance matrices with many 0's.
558 The code has also been significantly improved: 7, 70, 160 times
559 faster with n = 100, 500, 1000, respectively.
563 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3-1
568 o The new function is.monophyletic tests the monophyly of a group.
570 o There is now a c() method for lists of class "DNAbin".
572 o yule.cov() now fits the null model, and its help page has been
573 corrected with respect to this change.
575 o drop.tip() has a new option 'rooted' to force (or not) a tree
576 to be treated as (un)rooted.
581 o dist.gene() failed on most occasions with the default
582 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
584 o read.tree() failed to read correctly the tree name(s).
586 o boot.phylo() now treats correctly data frames.
588 o del.gaps() did not copy the rownames of a matrix.
590 o A small bug was fixed in CDAM.global().
592 o ace() failed with large data sets. Thanks to Rich FitzJohn for
593 the fix. With other improvements, this function is now about 6
596 o write.tree() failed with objects of class "multiPhylo".
598 o drop.tip(, subtree = TRUE) sometimes shuffled tip labels.
603 o [.multiPhylo and [.DNAbin now respect the original class.
605 o Instances of the form class(phy) == "phylo" have been replaced
606 by inherits(phy, "phylo").
608 o rcoal() is now faster.
613 o klastorin() has been removed.
617 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3
622 o The new functions CADM.global and CADM.post, contributed by
623 Pierre Legendre, test the congruence among several distance
626 o The new function yule.time fits a user-defined time-dependent
627 Yule model by maximum likelihood.
629 o The new function makeNodeLabel creates and/or modifies node
630 labels in a flexible way.
632 o read.tree() and write.tree() have been modified so that they can
633 handle individual tree names.
635 o plot.phylo() has a new argument 'edge.lty' that specifies the
636 types of lines used for the edges (plain, dotted, dashed, ...)
638 o phymltest() has been updated to work with PhyML 3.0.1.
643 o drop.tip() shuffled tip labels in some cases.
645 o drop.tip() did not handle node.label correctly.
647 o is.ultrametric() now checks the ordering of the edge matrix.
649 o ace() sometimes returned negative values of likelihoods of
650 ancestral states (thanks to Dan Rabosky for solving this long
656 o The data set xenarthra has been removed.
660 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-4
664 o The bug fix in read.nexus() in version 2.2-3 was wrong: this is
665 now fixed. (Thanks to Peter Wragg for the fix!)
667 o A warning message occurred for no reason with ace(method="GLS").
672 o There is now a general help page displayed with '?ape'.
676 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-3
681 o The new function extract.clade extracts a clade from a tree by
682 specifying a node number or label.
684 o fastme.bal() has two new options 'spr' and 'tbr' to perform tree
685 operations of the same names.
687 o dist.dna() can now return the number of site differences by
688 specifying model="N".
693 o chronopl() did not work with CV = TRUE.
695 o read.nexus() did not work correctly in some situations (trees on
696 multiple lines with different numbers of lines and/or with
697 comments inserted within the trees).
699 o ltt.plot(), ltt.lines(), and mltt.plot() did not count correctly
700 the number of lineages with non-binary trees.
705 o ape has now a namespace.
707 o drop.tip() has been improved: it should be much faster and work
708 better in some cases (e.g., see the example in ?zoom).
712 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-2
717 o dist.gene() has been substantially improved and gains an option
720 o cbind.DNAbin() has a new option 'fill.with.gaps' and is now
726 o prop.part() failed with a single tree with the default option
727 'check.labels = TRUE'.
729 o summary.DNAbin() failed to display correctly the summary of
730 sequence lengths with lists of sequences of 10,000 bases or more
731 (because summary.default uses 4 significant digits by default).
733 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree with line
734 breaks in the Newick string.
736 o del.gaps() returned a list of empty sequences when there were no
742 o phymltest() has been updated for PhyML 3.0 and gains an option
743 'append', whereas the option 'path2exec' has been removed.
745 o rbind.DNAbin() and cbind.DNAbin() now accept a single matrix
746 which is returned unchanged (instead of an error).
748 o The data sets bird.orders and bird.families are now stored as
749 Newick strings; i.e., the command data(bird.orders) calls
754 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-1
759 o The new function makeLabel() helps to modify labels of trees,
760 lists of trees, or DNA sequences, with several utilities to
761 truncate and/or make them unique, substituting some
762 characters, and so on.
764 o The new function del.gaps() removes insertion gaps ("-") in a
765 set of DNA sequences.
767 o read.dna() can now read Clustal files (*.aln).
772 o root() failed with 'resolve.root = TRUE' when the root was
773 already the specified root.
775 o Several bugs were fixed in mlphylo().
777 o collapsed.singles() did not propagate the 'Nnode' and
778 'node.labels' elements (thanks to Elizabeth Purdom for the fix).
780 o read.nexus() failed to remove correctly the comments within
783 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree and no
784 translation of tip labels.
786 o read.nexus() failed to place correctly tip labels when reading
787 a single tree with no edge lengths.
789 o A bug was fixed in sh.test().
794 o unique.multiPhylo() is faster thanks to a suggestion by Vladimir
797 o The option 'check.labels' of consensus() and prop.part() is now
800 o write.dna() now does not truncate names to 10 characters with
805 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2
810 o Four new functions have been written by Damien de Vienne for the
811 graphical exploration of large trees (cophyloplot, subtrees,
812 subtreeplot), and to return the graphical coordinates of tree
815 o The new functions corPagel and corBlomberg implement the Pagel's
816 "lambda" and Blomberg et al.'s "ACDC" correlation structures.
818 o chronopl() has been improved and gains several options: see its
819 help page for details.
821 o boot.phylo() has now an option 'trees' to possibly return the
822 bootstraped trees (the default is FALSE).
824 o prop.part() has been improved and should now be faster in all
830 o read.dna() failed if "?" occurred in the first 10 sites of the
833 o The x/y aspect of the plot is now respected when plotting a
834 circular tree (type = "r" or "f").
836 o Drawing the tip labels sometimes failed when plotting circular
839 o zoom() failed when tip labels were used instead of their numbers
840 (thanks to Yan Wong for the fix).
842 o drop.tip() failed with some trees (fixed by Yan Wong).
844 o seg.sites() failed with a list.
846 o consensus() failed in some cases. The function has been improved
847 as well and is faster.
851 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-3
856 o A bug in read.nexus() made the Windows R-GUI crash.
858 o An error was fixed in the computation of ancestral character
859 states by generalized least squares in ace().
861 o di2multi() did not modify node labels correctly.
863 o multi2di() failed if the tree had its attribute "order" set to
868 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-2
873 o There three new methods for the "multiPhylo" class: str, $,
876 o root() gains the options 'node' and 'resolve.root'
877 (FALSE by default) as well as its code being improved.
879 o mltt.plot() has now an option 'log' used in the same way
880 than in plot.default().
885 o mltt.plot() failed to display the legend with an unnamed
888 o nodelabels() with pies now correcly uses the argument
889 'cex' to draw symbols of different sizes (which has
890 worked already for thermometers).
892 o read.nexus() generally failed to read very big files.
897 o The argument 'family' of compar.gee() can now be a function
898 as well as a character string.
900 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an unnamed list if
903 o read.nexus() now returns a modified object of class "multiPhylo"
904 when there is a TRANSLATE block in the NEXUS file: the individual
905 trees have no 'tip.label' vector, but the list has a 'TipLabel'
906 attribute. The new methods '$' and '[[' set these elements
907 correctly when extracting trees.
911 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-1
916 o The new function rmtree generates lists of random trees.
918 o rcoal() now generates a genuine coalescent tree by default
919 (thanks to Vladimir Minin for the code).
924 o nuc.div() returned an incorrect value with the default
925 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
930 o The internal codes of bionj(), fastme.bal(), and fastme.ols()
931 have been improved so that they are stabler and faster.
933 o R packages used by ape are now loaded silently; lattice and gee
934 are loaded only when needed.
938 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1
943 o The new function identify.phylo identifies clades on a plotted
944 tree using the mouse.
946 o It is now possible to subset a list of trees (object of class
947 "multiPhylo") with "[" while keeping its class correct.
949 o The new function as.DNAbin.alignment converts DNA sequences
950 stored in the "alignment" format of the package seqinr into
951 an object of class "DNAbin".
953 o The new function weight.taxo2 helps to build similarity matrices
954 given two taxonomic levels (usually called by other functions).
956 o write.tree() can now take a list of trees (class "multiPhylo")
957 as its main argument.
959 o plot.correlogram() and plot.correlogramList() have been
960 improved, and gain several options (see the help page for
961 details). A legend is now plotted by default.
966 o dist.dna() returned some incorrect values with `model = "JC69"'
967 and `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'. This affected only the
968 distances involving sequences with missing values. (Thanks
969 to Bruno Toupance for digging this bug out.)
971 o write.tree() failed with some trees: this is fixed by removing
972 the `multi.line' option (trees are now always printed on a
975 o read.nexus() did not correctly detect trees with multiple root
976 edges (see OTHER CHANGES).
981 o The code of mlphylo() has been almost entirely rewritten, and
982 should be much stabler. The options have been also greatly
983 simplified (see ?mlphylo and ?DNAmodel for details).
985 o The internal function nTips has been renamed klastorin_nTips.
987 o The code of is.ultrametric() contained redundancies and has
990 o The code of Moran.I() and of correlogram.formula() have been
993 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an error when trying to
994 read a tree with multiple root edges (see BUG FIXES). The
995 correction applied in previous version did not work in all
998 o The class c("multi.tree", "phylo") has been renamed
1004 o There is now a vignette in ape: see vignette("MoranI", "ape").
1007 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
1009 o as.matching() and as.phylo.matching() do not support branch
1012 o correlogram.phylo() and discrete.dist() have been removed.
1016 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-2
1021 o The new function matexpo computes the exponential of a square
1024 o The new function unique.multi.tree removes duplicate trees from
1027 o yule() has a new option `use.root.edge = FALSE' that specifies
1028 to ignore, by default, the root edge of the tree if it exists.
1033 o which.edge() failed when the index of a single terminal edge was
1036 o In diversi.time(), the values returned for model C were
1039 o A bug was fixed in yule() that affected the calculation of the
1040 likelihood in the presence of ties in the branching times.
1042 o There was a bug in the C function mat_expo4x4 affecting the
1043 calculations of the transition probabilities for models HKY and
1046 o A small bug was fixed in as.matrix.DNAbin (thanks to James
1049 o rtree() did not `shuffle' the tip labels by default, so only a
1050 limited number of labelled topologies could be generated.
1054 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-1
1059 o The three new functions bionj, fastme.ols, and fastme.bal
1060 perform phylogeny estimation by the BIONJ and fastME methods in
1061 OLS and balanced versions. This is a port to R of previous
1062 previous programs done by Vincent Lefort.
1064 o The new function chronoMPL performs molecular dating with the
1065 mean path lengths method of Britton et al. (2002, Mol. Phyl.
1068 o The new function rotate, contributed by Christoph Heibl, swaps
1069 two clades connected to the same node. It works also with
1070 multichotomous nodes.
1072 o The new `method' as.matrix.DNAbin() may be used to convert
1073 easily DNA sequences stored in a list into a matrix while
1074 keeping the names and the class.
1079 o chronopl() failed when some branch lengths were equal to zero:
1080 an error message is now returned.
1082 o di2multi() failed when there was a series of consecutive edges
1087 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-2
1092 o plot.phylo() can now plot circular trees: the option is type =
1093 "fan" or type = "f" (to avoid the ambiguity with type = "c").
1095 o prop.part() has a new option `check.labels = FALSE' which allows
1096 to considerably speed-up the calculations of bipartitions. As a
1097 consequence, calculations of bootstrap values with boot.phylo()
1098 should be much faster.
1103 o read.GenBank() did not return correctly the list of species as
1104 from ape 1.10: this is fixed in this version
1106 o Applying as.phylo() on a tree of class "phylo" failed: the
1107 object is now returned unchanged.
1111 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-1
1116 o The three new functions Ntip, Nnode, and Nedge return, for a
1117 given tree, the number of tips, nodes, or edges, respectively.
1122 o read.nexus() did not set correctly the class of the returned
1123 object when reading multiple trees.
1125 o mllt.plot() failed with objects of class c("multi.tree",
1128 o unroot() did not work correctly in most cases.
1130 o reorder.phylo() made R freeze in some occasions.
1132 o Plotting a tree in pruningwise order failed.
1134 o When plotting an unrooted tree, the tip labels where not all
1135 correctly positioned if the option `cex' was used.
1139 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10
1144 o Five new `method' functions have been introduced to manipulate
1145 DNA sequences in binary format (see below).
1147 o Three new functions have been introduced to convert between the
1148 new binary and the character formats.
1150 o The new function as.alignment converts DNA sequences stored as
1151 single characters into the class "alignment" used by the package
1154 o read.dna() and read.GenBank() have a new argument `as.character'
1155 controlling whether the sequences are returned in binary format
1161 o root() failed when the tree had node labels: this is fixed.
1163 o plot.phylo() did not correctly set the limits on the y-axis with
1164 the default setting: this is fixed.
1166 o dist.dna() returned a wrong result for the LogDet, paralinear,
1167 and BH87 models with `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'.
1172 o DNA sequences are now internally stored in a binary format. See
1173 the document "A Bit-Level Coding Scheme for Nucleotides" for the
1174 details. Most functions analyzing DNA functions have been
1175 modified accordingly and are now much faster (dist.dna is now
1176 ca. 60 times faster).
1180 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-4
1185 o A bug was fixed in edgelabels().
1187 o as.phylo.hclust() did not work correctly when the object of
1188 class "hclust" has its labels set to NULL: the returned tree has
1189 now its tip labels set to "1", "2", ...
1191 o consensus could fail if some tip labels are a subset of others
1192 (e.g., "a" and "a_1"): this is now fixed.
1194 o mlphylo() failed in most cases if some branch lengths of the
1195 initial tree were greater than one: an error message is now
1198 o mlphylo() failed in most cases when estimating the proportion of
1199 invariants: this is fixed.
1203 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-3
1208 o The new function edgelabels adds labels on the edge of the tree
1209 in the same way than nodelabels or tiplabels.
1214 o multi2di() did not handle correctly branch lengths with the
1215 default option `random = TRUE': this is now fixed.
1217 o A bug was fixed in nuc.div() when using pairwise deletions.
1219 o A bug occurred in the analysis of bipartitions with large
1220 numbers of large trees, with consequences on prop.part,
1221 prop.clades, and boot.phylo.
1223 o The calculation of the Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann distance in
1224 dist.topo was wrong: this has been fixed.
1228 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-2
1233 o The new function ladderize reorganizes the internal structure of
1234 a tree to plot them left- or right-ladderized.
1236 o The new function dist.nodes computes the patristic distances
1237 between all nodes, internal and terminal, of a tree. It replaces
1238 the option `full = TRUE' of cophenetic.phylo (see below).
1243 o A bug was fixed in old2new.phylo().
1245 o Some bugs were fixed in chronopl().
1247 o The edge colours were not correctly displayed by plot.phylo
1248 (thank you to Li-San Wang for the fix).
1250 o cophenetic.phylo() failed with multichotomous trees: this is
1256 o read.dna() now returns the sequences in a matrix if they are
1257 aligned (interleaved or sequential format). Sequences in FASTA
1258 format are still returned in a list.
1260 o The option `full' of cophenetic.phylo() has been removed because
1261 it could not be used from the generic.
1264 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
1266 o rotate() has been removed; this function did not work correctly
1271 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-1
1276 o Trees with a single tip were not read correctly in R as the
1277 element `Nnode' was not set: this is fixed.
1279 o unroot() did not set correctly the number of nodes of the
1280 unrooted tree in most cases.
1282 o read.GenBank() failed when fetching very long sequences,
1283 particularly of the BX-series.
1285 o A bug was introduced in read.tree() with ape 1.9: it has been
1290 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9
1295 o There are two new print `methods' for trees of class "phylo" and
1296 lists of trees of class "multi.tree", so that they are now
1297 displayed in a compact and informative way.
1299 o There are two new functions, old2new.phylo and new2old.phylo,
1300 for converting between the old and new coding of the class
1303 o dist.dna() has three new models: Barry and Hartigan ("BH87"),
1304 LogDet ("logdet"), and paralinear ("paralin").
1306 o compute.brlen() has been extended: several methods are now
1307 available to compute branch lengths.
1309 o write.dna() can now handle matrices as well as lists.
1314 o cophenetic.phylo() sometimes returned a wrong result with
1315 multichotomous trees: this is fixed.
1317 o rotate() failed when a single tip was specified: the tree is now
1320 o ace() did not return the correct index matrix with custom
1321 models: this is fixed.
1323 o multi2di() did not work correctly when resolving multichotomies
1324 randomly: the topology was always the same, only the arrangement
1325 of clades was randomized: this is fixed. This function now
1326 accepts trees with no branch lengths.
1328 o The output of diversi.gof() was blurred by useless prints when a
1329 user distribution was specified. This has been corrected, and
1330 the help page of this function has been expanded.
1335 o The internal structure of the class "phylo" has been changed:
1336 see the document "Definition of Formats for Coding Phylogenetic
1337 Trees in R" for the details. In addition, the code of most
1338 functions has been improved.
1340 o Several functions have been improved by replacing some R codes
1341 by C codes: pic, plot.phylo, and reorder.phylo.
1343 o There is now a citation information: see citation("ape") in R.
1345 o write.tree() now does not add extra 0's to branch lengths so
1346 that 1.23 is printed "1.23" by default, not "1.2300000000".
1348 o The syntax of bind.tree() has been simplified. This function now
1349 accepts trees with no branch lengths, and handles correctly node
1352 o The option `as.numeric' of mrca() has been removed.
1354 o The unused options `format' and `rooted' of read.tree() have
1357 o The unused option `format' of write.tree() has been removed.
1359 o The use of node.depth() has been simplified.
1363 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-5
1368 o Two new functions read.nexus.data() and write.nexus.data(),
1369 contributed by Johan Nylander, allow to read and write molecular
1370 sequences in NEXUS files.
1372 o The new function reorder.phylo() reorders the internal structure
1373 of a tree of class "phylo". It is used as the generic, e.g.,
1376 o read.tree() and read.nexus() can now read trees with a single
1379 o The new data set `cynipids' supplies a set of protein sequences
1385 o The code of all.equal.phylo() has been completely rewritten
1386 (thanks to Benoît Durand) which fixes several bugs.
1388 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now checks the labels of the tree
1389 to remove or substitute any characters that are illegal in the
1390 Newick format (parentheses, etc.)
1392 o A negative P-value could be returned by mantel.test(): this is
1397 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-4
1402 o The new function sh.test() computes the Shimodaira-
1405 o The new function collapse.singles() removes the nodes with a
1406 single descendant from a tree.
1408 o plot.phylo() has a new argument `tip.color' to specify the
1409 colours of the tips.
1411 o mlphylo() has now an option `quiet' to control the display of
1412 the progress of the analysis (the default is FALSE).
1417 o read.dna() did not read correctly sequences in sequential format
1418 with leading alignment gaps "-": this is fixed.
1420 o ace() returned a list with no class so that the generic
1421 functions (anova, logLik, ...) could not be used directly. This
1422 is fixed as ace() now returns an object of class "ace".
1424 o anova.ace() had a small bug when computing the number of degrees
1425 of freedom: this is fixed.
1427 o mlphylo() did not work when the sequences were in a matrix or
1428 a data frame: this is fixed.
1430 o rtree() did not work correctly when trying to simulate an
1431 unrooted tree with two tips: an error message is now issued.
1436 o The algorithm of rtree() has been changed: it is now about 40,
1437 100, and 130 times faster for 10, 100, and 1000 tips,
1442 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-3
1447 o There are four new `method' functions to be used with the
1448 results of ace(): logLik(), deviance(), AIC(), and anova().
1450 o The plot method of phymltest has two new arguments: `main' to
1451 change the title, and `col' to control the colour of the
1452 segments showing the AIC values.
1454 o ace() has a new argument `ip' that gives the initial values used
1455 in the ML estimation with discrete characters (see the examples
1456 in ?ace). This function now returns a matrix giving the indices
1457 of the estimated rates when analysing discrete characters.
1459 o nodelabels() and tiplabels() have a new argument `pie' to
1460 represent proportions, with any number of categories, as
1461 piecharts. The use of the option `thermo' has been improved:
1462 there is now no limitation on the number of categories.
1467 o mlphylo() did not work with more than two partitions: this is
1470 o root() failed if the proposed outgroup was already an outgroup
1471 in the tree: this is fixed.
1473 o The `col' argument in nodelabels() and tiplabels() was not
1474 correctly passed when `text' was used: this is fixed.
1476 o Two bugs were fixed in mlphylo(): parameters were not always
1477 correctly output, and the estimation failed in some cases.
1479 o plot.phylo() was stuck when given a tree with a single tip: this
1480 is fixed and a message error is now returned.
1482 o An error was corrected in the help page of gammaStat regarding
1483 the calculation of P-values.
1485 o Using gls() could crash R when the number of species in the tree
1486 and in the variables were different: this is fixed.
1490 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-2
1495 o The new function mlphylo() fits a phylogenetic tree by maximum
1496 likelihood from DNA sequences. Its companion function DNAmodel()
1497 is used to define the substitution model which may include
1498 partitioning. There are methods for logLik(), deviance(), and
1499 AIC(), and the summary() method has been extended to display in
1500 a friendly way the results of this model fitting. Currently, the
1501 functionality is limited to estimating the substitution and
1502 associated parameters and computing the likelihood.
1504 o The new function drop1.compar.gee (used as, e.g., drop1(m))
1505 tests for single effects in GEE-based comparative method. A
1506 warning message is printed if there is not enough degrees of
1512 o An error message was sometimes issued by plot.multi.tree(),
1513 though with no consequence.
1517 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-1
1522 o There is a new plot method for lists of trees (objects of class
1523 "multi.tree"): it calls plot.phylo() internally and is
1524 documented on the same help page.
1529 o A bug was fixed in the C code that analyzes bipartitions: this
1530 has impact on several functions like prop.part, prop.clades,
1531 boot.phylo, or consensus.
1533 o root() did not work correctly when the specified outgroup had
1534 more than one element: this is fixed.
1536 o dist.dna() sometimes returned a warning inappropriately: this
1539 o If the distance object given to nj() had no rownames, nj()
1540 returned a tree with no tip labels: it now returns tips labelled
1541 "1", "2", ..., corresponding to the row numbers.
1546 o nj() has been slightly changed so that tips with a zero distance
1547 are first aggregated with zero-lengthed branches; the usual NJ
1548 procedure is then performed on a distance matrix without 0's.
1552 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8
1557 o The new function chronopl() estimates dates using the penalized
1558 likelihood method by Sanderson (2002; Mol. Biol. Evol., 19:101).
1560 o The new function consensus() calculates the consensus tree of a
1563 o The new function evolve.phylo() simulates the evolution of
1564 continuous characters along a phylogeny under a Brownian model.
1566 o The new plot method for objects of class "ancestral" displays a
1567 tree together with ancestral values, as returned by the above
1570 o The new function as.phylo.formula() returns a phylogeny from a
1571 set of nested taxonomic variables given as a formula.
1573 o The new function read.caic() reads trees in CAIC format.
1575 o The new function tiplabels() allows to add labels to the tips
1576 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1578 o The new function unroot() unroots a phylogeny.
1580 o multi2di() has a new option, `random', which specifies whether
1581 to resolve the multichotomies randomly (the default) or not.
1583 o prop.part() now returns an object of class "prop.part" for which
1584 there are print (to display a partition in a more friendly way)
1585 and summary (to extract the numbers) methods.
1587 o plot.phylo() has a new option, `show.tip.label', specifying
1588 whether to print the labels of the tips. The default is TRUE.
1590 o The code of nj() has been replaced by a faster C code: it is now
1591 about 10, 25, and 40 times faster for 50, 100, and 200 taxa,
1594 o write.nexus() now writes whether a tree is rooted or not.
1599 o Two bugs have been fixed in root(): unrooted trees are now
1600 handled corretly, and node labels are now output normally.
1602 o A bug was fixed in phymltest(): the executable couldn't be found
1605 o Three bug have been fixed in ace(): computing the likelihood of
1606 ancestral states of discrete characters failed, custom models
1607 did not work, and the function failed with a null gradient (a
1608 warning message is now returned; this latter bug was also
1609 present in yule.cov() as well and is now fixed).
1611 o pic() hanged out when missing data were present: a message error
1614 o A small bug was fixed in dist.dna() where the gamma correction
1615 was not always correctly dispatched.
1617 o plot.phylo() plotted correctly the root edge only when the tree
1618 was plotted rightwards: this works now for all directions.
1623 o dist.taxo() has been renamed as weight.taxo().
1625 o dist.phylo() has been replaced by the method cophenetic.phylo().
1627 o Various error and warning messages have been improved.
1631 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.7
1634 o The new function ace() estimates ancestral character states for
1635 continuous characters (with ML, GLS, and contrasts methods), and
1636 discrete characters (with ML only) for any number of states.
1638 o The new function compar.ou() fits the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model
1639 of directional evolution for continuous characters. The user
1640 specifies the node(s) of the tree where the character optimum
1643 o The new function is.rooted() tests whether a tree (of class
1646 o The new function rcoal() generates random ultrametric trees with
1647 the possibility to specify the function that generates the
1648 inter-nodes distances.
1650 o The new function mrca() gives for all pairs of tips in a tree
1651 (and optionally nodes too) the most recent common ancestor.
1653 o nodelabels() has a new option `thermo' to plot proportions (up
1654 to three classes) on the nodes of a tree.
1656 o rtree() has been improved: it can now generate rooted or
1657 unrooted trees, and the mathematical function that generates the
1658 branch lengths may be specified by the user. The tip labels may
1659 be given directly in the call to rtree. The limit cases (n = 2,
1660 3) are now handled correctly.
1662 o dist.topo() has a new argument `method' with two choices: "PH85"
1663 for Penny and Henny's method (already available before and now
1664 the default), and "BHV01" for the geometric distance by Billera
1665 et al. (2001, Adv. Appl. Math. 27:733).
1667 o write.tree() has a new option, `digits', which specifies the
1668 number of digits to be printed in the Newick tree. By default
1669 digits = 10. The numbers are now always printed in decimal form
1670 (i.e., 1.0e-1 is now avoided).
1672 o dist.dna() can now compute the raw distances between pairs of
1673 DNA sequences by specifying model = "raw".
1675 o dist.phylo() has a new option `full' to possibly compute the
1676 distances among all tips and nodes of the tree. The default if
1682 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo().
1684 o dist.dna() did not handle correctly gaps ("-") in alignments:
1685 they are now considered as missing data.
1687 o rotate() did not work if the tips were not ordered: this is
1690 o mantel.test() returned NA in some special cases: this is fixed
1691 and the function has been improved and is now faster.
1693 o A bug was fixed in diversi.gof() where the calculation of A² was
1696 o cherry() did not work correctly under some OSs (mainly Linux):
1699 o is.binary.tree() has been modified so that it works with both
1700 rooted and unrooted trees.
1702 o The documentation of theta.s() was not correct: this has been
1705 o plot.mst() did not work correctly: this is fixed.
1709 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.6
1714 o The new function dist.topo() computes the topological distances
1717 o The new function boot.phylo() performs a bootstrap analysis on
1718 phylogeny estimation.
1720 o The new functions prop.part() and prop.clades() analyse
1721 bipartitions from a series of trees.
1726 o read.GenBank() now uses the EFetch utility of NCBI instead of
1727 the usual Web interface: it is now much faster (e.g., 12 times
1728 faster to retrieve 8 sequences, 37 times for 60 sequences).
1733 o Several bugs were fixed in read.dna().
1735 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time().
1737 o is.binary.tree() did not work correctly if the tree has no edge
1738 lengths: this is fixed.
1740 o drop.tip() did not correctly propagated the `node.label' of a
1741 tree: this is fixed.
1745 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.5
1750 o Two new functions, as.matching.phylo() and as.phylo.matching(),
1751 convert objects between the classes "phylo" and "matching". The
1752 latter implements the representation of binary trees introduced by
1753 Diaconis and Holmes (1998; PNAS 95:14600). The generic function
1754 as.matching() has been introduced as well.
1756 o Two new functions, multi2di() and di2multi(), allow to resolve
1757 and collapse multichotomies with branches of length zero.
1759 o The new function nuc.div() computes the nucleotide diversity
1760 from a sample a DNA sequences.
1762 o dist.dna() has been completely rewritten with a much faster
1763 (particularly for large data sets) C code. Eight models are
1764 available: JC69, K80, F81, K81, F84, T92, TN93, and GG95 (the
1765 option `method' has been renamed `model'). Computation of variance
1766 is available for all models. A gamma-correction is possible for
1767 JC69, K80, F81, and TN93. There is a new option, pairwise.deletion,
1768 to remove sites with missing data on a pairwise basis. The option
1769 `GCcontent' has been removed.
1771 o read.GenBank() has a new option (species.names) which specifies
1772 whether to return the species names of the organisms in addition
1773 to the accession numbers of the sequences (this is the default
1776 o write.nexus() can now write several trees in the same NEXUS file.
1778 o drop.tip() has a new option `root.edge' that allows to specify the
1779 new root edge if internal branches are trimmed.
1784 o as.phylo.hclust() failed if some labels had parentheses: this
1787 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo(). This function now
1788 returns the logical TRUE if the trees are identical but with
1789 different representations (a report was printed previously).
1791 o read.GenBank() did not correctly handle ambiguous base codes:
1797 o birthdeath() now returns an object of class "birthdeath" for
1798 which there is a print method.
1802 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.4
1807 o The new function nj() performs phylogeny estimation with the
1808 neighbor-joining method of Saitou and Nei (1987; Mol. Biol.
1811 o The new function which.edge() identifies the edges of a tree
1812 that belong to a group specified as a set of tips.
1814 o The new function as.phylo.phylog() converts an object of class
1815 "phylog" (from the package ade4) into an object of class
1818 o The new function axisPhylo() draws axes on the side of a
1821 o The new function howmanytrees() calculates the number of trees
1822 in different cases and giving a number of tips.
1824 o write.tree() has a new option `multi.line' (TRUE by default) to
1825 write a Newick tree on several lines rather than on a single
1828 o The functionalities of zoom() have been extended. Several
1829 subtrees can be visualized at the same time, and they are marked
1830 on the main tree with colors. The context of the subtrees can be
1831 marked with the option `subtree' (see below).
1833 o drop.tip() has a new option `subtree' (FALSE by default) which
1834 specifies whether to output in the tree how many tips have been
1837 o The arguments of add.scale.bar() have been redefined and have
1838 now default values (see ?add.scale.bar for details). This
1839 function now works even if the plotted tree has no edge length.
1841 o plot.phylo() can now plot radial trees, but this does not take
1842 edge lengths into account.
1844 o In plot.phylo() with `type = "phylogram"', if the values of
1845 `edge.color' and `edge.width' are identical for sister-branches,
1846 they are propagated to the vertical line that link them.
1851 o Repeated calls to as.phylo.hclust() or as.hclust.phylo() made R
1852 crashing. This is fixed.
1854 o In plot.phylo(), the options `edge.color' and `edge.width' are
1855 now properly recycled; their default values are now "black" and
1858 o A bug has been fixed in write.nexus().
1863 o The function node.depth.edgelength() has been removed and
1864 replaced by a C code.
1868 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3-1
1873 o The new function nodelabels() allows to add labels to the nodes
1874 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1876 o In plot.phylo() the arguments `x.lim' and `y.lim' can now be two
1877 numeric values specifying the lower and upper limits on the x-
1878 and y-axes. This allows to leave some space on any side of the
1879 tree. If a single value is given, this is taken as the upper
1884 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3
1889 o The new function phymltest() calls the software PHYML and fits
1890 28 models of DNA sequence evolution. There are a print method to
1891 display likelihood and AIC values, a summary method to compute
1892 the hierarchical likelihood ratio tests, and a plot method to
1893 display graphically the AIC values of each model.
1895 o The new function yule.cov() fits the Yule model with covariates,
1896 a model where the speciation rate is affected by several species
1897 traits through a generalized linear model. The parameters are
1898 estimated by maximum likelihood.
1900 o Three new functions, corBrownian(), corGrafen(), and
1901 corMartins(), compute the expected correlation structures among
1902 species given a phylogeny under different models of evolution.
1903 These can be used for GLS comparative phylogenetic methods (see
1904 the examples). There are coef() and corMatrix() methods and an
1905 Initialize.corPhyl() function associated.
1907 o The new function compar.cheverud() implements Cheverud et al.'s
1908 (1985; Evolution 39:1335) phylogenetic comparative method.
1910 o The new function varcomp() estimates variance components; it has
1913 o Two new functions, panel.superpose.correlogram() and
1914 plot.correlogramList(), allow to plot several phylogenetic
1917 o The new function node.leafnumber() computes the number of leaves
1918 of a subtree defined by a particular node.
1920 o The new function node.sons() gets all tags of son nodes from a
1923 o The new function compute.brlen() computes the branch lengths of
1924 a tree according to a specified method.
1926 o plot.phylo() has three new options: "cex" controls the size of
1927 the (tip and node) labels (thus it is no more needed to change
1928 the global graphical parameter), "direction" which allows to
1929 plot the tree rightwards, leftwards, upwards, or downwards, and
1930 "y.lim" which sets the upper limit on the y-axis.
1935 o Some functions which try to match tip labels and names of
1936 additional data (e.g. vector) are likely to fail if there are
1937 typing or syntax errors. If both series of names do not perfectly
1938 match, they are ignored and a warning message is now issued.
1939 These functions are bd.ext, compar.gee, pic. Their help pages
1940 have been clarified on this point.
1944 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-7
1949 o The new function root() reroots a phylogenetic tree with respect
1950 to a specified outgroup.
1952 o The new function rotate() rotates an internal branch of a tree.
1954 o In plot.phylo(), the new argument "lab4ut" (labels for unrooted
1955 trees) controls the display of the tip labels in unrooted trees.
1956 This display has been greatly improved: the tip labels are now not
1957 expected to overlap with the tree (particularly if lab4ut =
1958 "axial"). In all cases, combining appropriate values of "lab4ut"
1959 and the font size (via "par(cex = )") should result in readable
1960 unrooted trees. See ?plot.phylo for some examples.
1962 o In drop.tip(), the argument `tip' can now be numeric or character.
1967 o drop.tip() did not work correctly with trees with no branch
1968 lengths: this is fixed.
1970 o A bug in plot.phylo(..., type = "unrooted") made some trees being
1971 plotted with some line crossings: this is now fixed.
1975 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-6
1980 o Six new functions (Moran.I, correlogram.formula, discrete.dist,
1981 correlogram.phylo, dist.taxo, plot.correlogram) have been added
1982 to implement comparative methods with an autocorrelation approach.
1984 o A new data set describing some life history traits of Carnivores
1990 o A fix was made on mcmc.popsize() to conform to R 2.0.0.
1995 o When plotting a tree with plot.phylo(), the new default of the
1996 option `label.offset' is now 0, so the labels are always visible.
2000 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-5
2005 o The new function bd.ext() fits a birth-death model with combined
2006 phylogenetic and taxonomic data, and estimates the corresponding
2007 speciation and extinction rates.
2012 o The package gee is no more required by ape but only suggested
2013 since only the function compar.gee() calls gee.
2017 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-4
2022 o Four new functions (mcmc.popsize, extract.popsize, plot.popsize,
2023 and lines.popsize) implementing a new approach for inferring the
2024 demographic history from genealogies using a reversible jump
2025 MCMC have been introduced.
2027 o The unit of time in the skyline plot and in the new plots can
2028 now be chosen to be actual years, rather than substitutions.
2032 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-3
2037 o The new function rtree() generates a random binary tree with or
2038 without branch lengths.
2040 o Two new functions for drawing lineages-through-time (LTT) plots
2041 are provided: ltt.lines() adds a LTT curve to an existing plot,
2042 and mltt.plot() does a multiple LTT plot giving several trees as
2043 arguments (see `?ltt.plot' for details).
2048 o Some taxon names made R crashing when calling as.phylo.hclust():
2051 o dist.dna() returned an error with two identical DNA sequences
2052 (only using the Jukes-Cantor method returned 0): this is fixed.
2057 o The function dist.phylo() has been re-written using a different
2058 algorithm: it is now about four times faster.
2060 o The code of branching.times() has been improved: it is now about
2065 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-2
2070 o The new function seg.sites() finds the segregating sites in a
2071 sample of DNA sequences.
2076 o A bug introduced in read.tree() and in read.nexus() with version
2079 o A few errors were corrected and a few examples were added in the
2084 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-1
2089 o plot.phylo() can now draw the edge of the root of a tree if it
2090 has one (see the new option `root.edge', its default is FALSE).
2095 o A bug was fixed in read.nexus(): files with semicolons inside
2096 comment blocks were not read correctly.
2098 o The behaviour of read.tree() and read.nexus() was corrected so
2099 that tree files with badly represented root edges (e.g., with
2100 an extra pair of parentheses, see the help pages for details)
2101 are now correctly represented in the object of class "phylo";
2102 a warning message is now issued.
2106 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2
2111 o plot.phylo() has been completely re-written and offers several
2112 new functionalities. Three types of trees can now be drawn:
2113 phylogram (as previously), cladogram, and unrooted tree; in
2114 all three types the branch lengths can be drawn using the edge
2115 lengths of the phylogeny or not (e.g., if the latter is absent).
2116 The vertical position of the nodes can be adjusted with two
2117 choices (see option `node.pos'). The code has been re-structured,
2118 and two new functions (potentially useful for developpers) are
2119 documented separately: node.depth.edgelength() and node.depth();
2120 see the respective help pages for details.
2122 o The new function zoom() allows to explore very large trees by
2123 focusing on a small portion of it.
2125 o The new function yule() fits by maximum likelihood the Yule model
2126 (birth-only process) to a phylogenetic tree.
2128 o Support for writing DNA sequences in FASTA format has been
2129 introduced in write.dna() (support for reading sequences in
2130 this format was introduced in read.dna() in version 1.1-2).
2131 The function has been completely re-written, fixing some bugs
2132 (see below); the default behaviour is no more to display the
2133 sequences on the standard output. Several options have been
2134 introduced to control the sequence printing in a flexible
2135 way. The help page has been extended.
2137 o A new data set is included: a supertree of bats in NEXUS format.
2142 o In theta.s(), the default of the option `variance' has
2143 been changed to `FALSE' (as was indicated in the help page).
2145 o Several bugs were fixed in the code of all.equal.phylo().
2147 o Several bugs were fixed in write.dna(), particularly this
2148 function did not work with `format = "interleaved"'.
2150 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.
2155 o The argument names of as.hclust.phylo() have been changed
2156 from "(phy)" to "(x, ...)" to conform to the definition of
2157 the corresponding generic function.
2159 o gamma.stat() has been renamed gammaStat() to avoid confusion
2160 since gamma() is a generic function.
2164 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-3
2169 o base.freq() previously did not return a value of 0 for
2170 bases absent in the data (e.g., a vector of length 3 was
2171 returned if one base was absent). This is now fixed (a
2172 vector of length 4 is always returned).
2174 o Several bugs were fixed in read.nexus(), including that this
2175 function did not work in this absence of a "TRANSLATE"
2176 command in the NEXUS file, and that the commands were
2181 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-2
2186 o The Tamura and Nei (1993) model of DNA distance is now implemented
2187 in dist.dna(): five models are now available in this function.
2189 o A new data set is included: a set of 15 sequences of the
2190 cytochrome b mitochondrial gene of the woodmouse (Apodemus
2196 o A bug in read.nexus() was fixed.
2198 o read.dna() previously did not work correctly in most cases.
2199 The function has been completely re-written and its help page
2200 has been considerably extended (see ?read.dna for details).
2201 Underscores (_) in taxon names are no more replaced with
2202 spaces (this behaviour was undocumented).
2204 o A bug was fixed in write.dna().
2208 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-1
2213 o A bug in read.tree() introduced in APE 1.1 was fixed.
2215 o A bug in compar.gee() resulted in an error when trying to fit
2216 a model with `family = "binomial"'. This is now fixed.
2220 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1
2225 o The Klastorin (1982) method as suggested by Misawa and Tajima
2226 (2000, Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:1879-1884) for classifying genes
2227 on the basis of phylogenetic trees has been implemented (see
2228 the function klastorin()).
2230 o Functions have been added to convert APE's "phylo" objects in
2231 "hclust" cluster objects and vice versa (see the help page of
2232 as.phylo for details).
2234 o Three new functions, ratogram(), chronogram() and NPRS.criterion(),
2235 are introduced for the estimation of absolute evolutionary rates
2236 (ratogram) and dated clock-like trees (chronogram) from
2237 phylogenetic trees using the non-parametric rate smoothing approach
2238 by MJ Sanderson (1997, Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:1218-1231).
2240 o A summary method is now provided printing a summary information on a
2241 phylogenetic tree with, for instance, `summary(tree)'.
2243 o The behaviour of read.tree() was changed so that all spaces and
2244 tabulations in tree files are now ignored. Consequently, spaces in tip
2245 labels are no more allowed. Another side effect is that read.nexus()
2246 now does not replace the underscores (_) in tip labels with spaces
2247 (this behaviour was undocumented).
2249 o The function plot.phylo() has a new option (`underscore') which
2250 specifies whether the underscores in tip labels should be written on
2251 the plot as such or replaced with spaces (the default).
2253 o The function birthdeath() now computes 95% confidence intervals of
2254 the estimated parameters using profile likelihood.
2256 o Three new data sets are included: a gene tree estimated from 36
2257 landplant rbcL sequences, a gene tree estimated from 32 opsin
2258 sequences, and a gene tree for 50 BRCA1 mammalian sequences.
2263 o A bug was fixed in dist.gene() where nothing was returned.
2265 o A bug in plot.mst() was fixed.
2267 o A bug in vcv.phylo() resulted in false correlations when the
2268 option `cor = TRUE' was used (now fixed).
2272 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.0
2277 o Two new functions, read.dna() and write.dna(), read/write in a file
2278 DNA sequences in interleaved or in sequential format.
2280 o Two new functions, read.nexus() and write.nexus(), read/write trees
2283 o The new function bind.tree() allows to bind two trees together,
2284 possibly handling root edges to give internal branches.
2286 o The new function drop.tip() removes the tips in a phylogenetic tree,
2287 and trims (or not) the corresponding internal branches.
2289 o The new function is.ultrametric() tests if a tree is ultrametric.
2291 o The function plot.phylo() has more functionalities such as drawing the
2292 branches with different colours and/or different widths, showing the
2293 node labels, controling the position and font of the labels, rotating
2294 the labels, and controling the space around the plot.
2296 o The function read.tree() can now read trees with no branch length,
2297 such as "(a,b),c);". Consequently, the element `edge.length' in
2298 objects of class "phylo" is now optional.
2300 o The function write.tree() has a new default behaviour: if the default
2301 for the option `file' is used (i.e. file = ""), then a variable of
2302 mode character containing the tree in Newick format is returned which
2303 can thus be assigned (e.g., tree <- write.tree(phy)).
2305 o The function read.tree() has a new argument `text' which allows
2306 to read the tree in a variable of mode character.
2308 o A new data set is included: the phylogenetic relationships among
2309 the orders of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990).
2313 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2-1
2318 o Several bugs were fixed in the help pages.
2322 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2
2327 o The function write.tree() writes phylogenetic trees (objects of class
2328 "phylo") in an ASCII file using the Newick parenthetic format.
2330 o The function birthdeath() fits a birth-death model to branching times
2331 by maximum likelihood, and estimates the corresponding speciation and
2334 o The function scale.bar() adds a scale bar to a plot of a phylogenetic
2337 o The function is.binary.tree() tests whether a phylogeny is binary.
2339 o Two generic functions, coalescent.intervals() and collapsed.intervals(),
2340 as well as some methods are introduced.
2342 o Several functions, including some generics and methods, for computing
2343 skyline plot estimates (classic and generalized) of effective
2344 population size through time are introduced and replace the function
2345 skyline.plot() in version 0.1.
2347 o Two data sets are now included: the phylogenetic relationships among
2348 the families of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990), and an
2349 estimated clock-like phylogeny of HIV sequences sampled in the
2350 Democratic Republic of Congo.
2353 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
2355 o The function skyline.plot() in ape 0.1 has been deprecated and
2356 replaced by more elaborate functions (see above).
2361 o Two important bugs were fixed in plot.phylo(): phylogenies with
2362 multichotomies not at the root or not with only terminal branches,
2363 and phylogenies with a single node (i.e. only terminal branches)
2364 did not plot. These trees should be plotted correctly now.
2366 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time() in the computation of
2369 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.