3 # 18 May 2001 M-J. Dominus <mjd-perl-units+@plover.com>.
4 # This file is in the PUBLIC DOMAIN.
5 # All rights abandoned.
7 # If you discover definitions of units that do not appear in this
8 # file, you are invited to mail them to mjd-perl-units+@plover.com, so
9 # that I can include them in a future version. Please include the
10 # date of this file, 18 May 2001, with all such submissions.
12 # If a unit is defined as `***', that means
13 # it has no definition because it is a fundamental unit.
15 # http://perl.plover.com/units/unittab
18 # Seven instrinsic SI units:
21 # Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org> adds metre alias
28 # Two supplementary units
35 turn *** # Of coiled wire
38 pi 3.1415926535897932386
41 e 2.718281828459045 # Why did I put this in? Oh, I don't know.
42 Neper 1 # Unit of logarithmic ratio
44 # Would it be better to make this a fundamental unit?
45 bel .868588963 Np # 2/ln(10) actually
55 inch 2.54 cm # This is the official definition and is exact
58 barleycorn 1/3 inch # Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org
67 #nautical 1.151 # For `nautical mile'
68 nautical 1.150779447892
74 #parsec 3.08568025e16 m # better?
75 # light year will be implied by `year' and `light' below
79 bolt 25 yd # Of cloth; bolt length varies from bolt to bolt
82 ell 45 in # More or less standard, although other ells
83 # have also been used.
88 astronomicalunit 92.9 megamiles # Is this exact?
106 cicero 12dd # TeX likes to abbreviate this to cc, but cc is cubic centimeter
107 scaledpoint 1|65536 pt # Internal to TeX
113 are (10 m)2 # Implies `hectare'
114 acre chain furlong # Now you know why an acre is the size it is
116 township 36 mi2 # Who uses these?
117 barn (1.0E-12 centimeter)2 # Particle physics
118 board 144 in3/ft # Implies `board feet'
125 floz 29.573 ml # `floz' means `fluid ounce', which is different
126 # from `ounce', which is a measurement of mass.
127 # See `pound' below for more details.
135 pottle two quarts # Yup!
143 cordfoot 16 ft2 # NOT the same as `cord foot'.
146 # Barrels are complicated. `Barrel' here means `U.S. liquid barrel'.
152 firkin 9 gal # American firkin, not British firkin
153 perch 24.75 ft3 # Masonry
155 # Following units contributed 20011217 Thomas R Wyant III
163 nebuchadnezzar 25 fifth
165 # Delightful British liquid volumes; they all begin with `brit'.
167 britminim 1|480 britfloz
168 britdrachm 1|8 britfloz
169 drachm britdrachm # U.S. drachm is spelled `dram'.
170 britgill 5 britfloz # five, NOT four.
172 noggin britnoggin # Yeah, as though anyone else would have a `noggin.'
177 britgallon 4 britquart
181 britkilderkin two britfirkins
182 kilderkin britkilderkin # kilderkin is British only
183 britbucket 4 britgal # That's `britbucket,' not `bit bucket'.
184 bucket britbucket # Buckets are brit only.
185 britlast 2909.414 liters
189 dry 1.164904862579 # For `dry pint,' `dry quart,' etc.
196 imperial 1.201 # For `imperial pint,' etc.
200 # To avoid confusing the end user, we will pretend that `pound' is
201 # a unit of mass, interconvertible with `grams'. If you want
202 # pounds of force, see `lbf,' below. In this section, `pound'
203 # really means `mass of an object that weighs one-pound at the surface
204 # of the Earth.' That is, in this program, `slug' has its usual
205 # meaning, and `pound' is synonymous aith `slug'.
208 metricton kilokilogram
217 hundredweight 112 lb # This is the `long' hundredweight, analagous to
218 # the long ton. There is also a `short' hundredwight,
219 # but it's just a hectlb, so I put this one in instead.
223 #ton longton # use shortton my default Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org>
224 short 100|112 # Convert long tons, cwts, and quarters to short.
225 shortton short longton
226 ton short longton # the american ton, see metriton and longton
230 # Obscure apothecaries' measures
233 apothounce 480 grains
235 apothpound 12 apothoz
237 # Troy measures (for gold and precious stones)
238 pennyweight 24 grains
239 troyoz 480 grains # We can't define `troy' as a constant,
240 # because there are 16 oz in a lb, but only
241 # 12 troyoz in a troylb, so at least one of
242 # `troy oz' or `troy lb' would be wrong.
244 carat 3.08647 grain # Metric version. Is this useful?
245 atomicmassunit 1.6605402e-27 kg # NIST 19990301 (+/- 0.10e-33 kg)
247 quintal 100kg # Metric quintal. Wasn't there another quintal?
248 elvis 255lb # At the time of his death, the King weighed 255 lb.
258 dy day # This will denote mean solar days
259 siderealday 0.99726957 dys
263 lunarmonth 29.530588 days # Mean solar days
266 tropicalyear 365.24219 dys # Mean solar days
267 siderealyear 365.25636 dys # Mean solar days
268 leapyear 366 dys # Mean solar days
269 calendaryear 365 dys # Mean solar days
270 gregorianyear 365.2425 dys
271 year tropicalyear # Correct on average for most calculations
276 millennium 1000 years
279 beat 1|1000 day # Swatch Internet Time (``Fuck the Sun'')
281 knot 1 nautical mi/hour
286 # Electromagnetic items, work, force, energy.
289 c 299792458 m/s # NIST 19990301 EXACT
290 light c # Implies `light year'
293 # Absolute temperature
296 Rankine 5|9 K # This is a very funny unit
299 # Amount of substance
301 Avogadro 6.0221367e23
303 molecule 1 mole per Avogadro # 1 mole is an Avogagro-number of molecules
306 # The Ampere is fundamental here, defined as the constant current
307 # which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite
308 # length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1m apart in
309 # vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2e-7
310 # newtons per meter of length.
315 statampere 3.335635e-11 abamperes
318 # What is this called? Is it capitalized? Is there an abbreviation?
319 gilbert 0.79577472 ampere turns
321 # Electrostatic charge
326 electron 1.60217733e-19 C # Charge on the electron; implies electron-volts
329 statcoulomb 3.335635e-11 abcoulomb
337 grav 9.8 m/s2 # Acceleration due to gravity
339 # Actually the accleration varies with altitude and latitude,
340 # from 9.78039 m/s2 at the equator to 9.83217 m/s2 at the poles.
341 # This mean value corresponds to a latitude of about 38 degrees.
348 atmosphere 101325 N/m2 # NIST 20010518 EXACT
350 bar megadyne/cm2 # Implies `millibars'
351 mercury 1|760 atm/mm # Implies `mm mercury' and `inches mercury'
355 water .0295 atm/ft # Implies `feet water'
357 air 6.6083e-5 atm/foot # At 60 deg.F; Implies `feet air'
363 footpound ft-lbf # foot-pound won't work, because `pound' is a mass
367 britishthermalunit 1054.8 J
368 btu britishthermalunit
370 # Kilowatt-hour (kWh) will be implied by `Watt'.
377 horsepower 550 ft-lbf/s
383 abvolt 1|100 microvolt
384 statvolt 2.997930e10 V
387 cycle 1 # For `cycles per second'
388 Hertz cycles per second
397 Henries Henry # For plural
399 stathenry 8.987584e11 henries
400 stathenries stathenry
409 Oersted 1|4 pi kiloamp/m
417 # We won't use G for Gauss because it is more important to
418 # use it for the universal gravitational constant
421 # `farad' is *not* an abbreviation for `Faraday' as far as I can tell.
425 statfarad 1.112646e-13 farad
431 statohm 8.987584e11 Ohms
442 G 6.67259e-11 N m2/kg2 # Newton gravitational constant NIST19990301
443 lightyear light year # Common abbreviation
444 eV e V # Electron volts
450 energy c2 # You can ask for `1 gram energy' and get
451 # the amount of energy equivalent to
452 # 1 gram according to e=mc2.
453 # Check: 1amu energy == 931.16 Mev?
454 Franklin (10/c) C cm/sec
461 # Viscosity - Maybe someone who understands this better can check.
462 poise g/(cm s) # Named after M. Poiseuille
465 # Kinematic viscosity = viscosity per unit density
468 # Refrigeration - Maybe someone who understands this better can check.
469 refrigeration 288000 btu/ton
470 ice tons refrigeration / 2009.1 lb
473 # The candela is fundamental here. Prior to 1979, it was defined as
474 # the luminous intensity of a black body at the temperature of
475 # solidification of platinum, whose radiating surface is 1/60 cm2. It
476 # is now the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source
477 # that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540e12 Hz and that
478 # has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1|683 W/sr
485 candlepower 12.566370 lumens
486 candle candela # ``International standard candle''
487 Hefner 0.90 candles # This was the German standard in early C20.
491 footcandle lm/ft2 # NOT the same as foot-candle.
493 stilb candle/m2 # Same as a pi lambert
495 # Various important physical constants
496 # I got this stuff from physics.nist.gov on 19990301.
497 h 6.6260755e-27 erg-sec # Planck's constant
499 plancklength 1.61605e-35 m
500 planckmass 2.17671e-8 kg
501 plancktime 5.39056e-44 sec
502 # Let's reserve `Planck' for a while longer until I can decide if
503 # they'd be useful in `planck time' etc.
504 permeability 4*pi*1.0e-7 H/m # Magnetic permeability of vacuum constant
505 permittivity 8.854187817e-12 F/m # Electric permittivity of vacuum constant
506 protonmass 1.6726231e-27 kg
507 neutronmass 1.6749286e-27 kg
508 electronmass 9.1093897e-31 kg
509 finestructure 7.29735308e-3 # Rl
510 # Electron charge is up above under `electrostatic'.
511 # There's no reason to get too obscure here because if someone wants
512 # they can make up an `obscure physical constants' file that
513 # physiscists could load in if they wanted to. So I've omitted stuff
514 # like the magnetic moment of the muon.
519 revolution circle # For revolutions / sec
521 rpm revolutions per minute
524 arcminute 1|60 degree
525 arcsecond 1|60 arcminute
528 sphere 4 pi steradians
539 kbyte 1024 bytes # `kilobyte' means 1000 bytes
540 # Don't use `K'; that's for Kelvins.
544 mbyte 1024 kbytes # `megabyte' means 1000000 bytes
550 baud bit/sec # Not strictly correct
554 # Conversions accurate only as of 25 November 1996.
564 Australia.dollar 0.8123$
565 AUS$ Australia.dollar
566 Austria.schilling 0.09438$
567 Belgium.franc 0.03223$
570 pound.sterling British.pound
571 sterling British.pound
572 Canada.dollar 0.7468$
574 Cayman.currency 1.22$
577 EuropeanCommunityUnit.ECU 1.278$
578 ECU EuropeanCommunityUnit.ECU
580 Finland.markka 0.2203$
581 markka Finland.markka
588 Greece.drachma 0.004216$
589 drachma Greece.drachma
590 HongKong.dollar 0.1294$
596 Israel.shekel 0.3623$
598 Italy.lira 0.0006655$
601 Kenya.shilling 0.02376$
602 Malaysia.dollar 0.397$
605 Morocco.dirham 0.1248$
606 dirham Morocco.dirham
607 Netherlands.guilder 0.5924$
608 guilder Netherlands.guilder
609 NewZealand.dollar 0.7153$
610 NZ$ NewZealand.dollar
613 Portugal.escudo 0.006577$
614 escudo Portugal.escudo
615 Senegal.CFAfranc 0.002019$
616 SouthAfrica.rand 0.2169$
617 rand SouthAfrica.rand
618 Spain.peseta 0.007896$
622 Switzerland.franc 0.788$
623 swissfranc Switzerland.franc
624 Swissfranc Switzerland.franc
626 # Old-style Brit money. Did I omit anything interesting?
628 shilling 1|20 sterling
638 crown 5 shillings # Implies `half crown'
643 # 18th century French coinage. References:
644 # http://home.nordnet.fr/~jlmorel/mesures.html and reverse-engineered
645 # from The Three Musketeers
646 # 20011227 Thomas R Wyant III
647 livre franc ### 3 Musketeers has francs!
648 ### Now, you too can convert Louis d'Or to U.S. Dollars!
650 crown 3 livres # It's ecu in French, not to be confused with ECU.
652 double 2 # 3 Musketeers refers to double pistoles, so ...
654 ### Now if only I had good definitions for reals and doubloons ...
657 # For `register tons'
659 registerton register ton
662 # bequerel (nucleotide radioactivity): Bq = k/s k=1??
663 # gray (absorbed dose): Gy = k J/kg k=1??
664 # sievert (dose equivalent): Sv = k J/kg k=1??
665 # curie: Ci = 3.3e10 Bq
666 # roentgen: R = 2.58e-4 C/kg
667 # rad: rad = centigray
668 # rem: rem = centisievert