3 # 18 May 2001 M-J. Dominus <mjd-perl-units+@plover.com>.
4 # This file is in the PUBLIC DOMAIN.
5 # All rights abandoned.
7 # If you discover definitions of units that do not appear in this
8 # file, you are invited to mail them to mjd-perl-units+@plover.com, so
9 # that I can include them in a future version. Please include the
10 # date of this file, 18 May 2001, with all such submissions.
12 # If a unit is defined as `***', that means
13 # it has no definition because it is a fundamental unit.
15 # http://perl.plover.com/units/unittab
18 # Seven instrinsic SI units:
21 # Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org> adds metre alias
28 # Two supplementary units
35 turn *** # Of coiled wire
38 pi 3.1415926535897932386
41 e 2.718281828459045 # Why did I put this in? Oh, I don't know.
42 Neper 1 # Unit of logarithmic ratio
44 # Would it be better to make this a fundamental unit?
45 bel .868588963 Np # 2/ln(10) actually
55 inch 2.54 cm # This is the official definition and is exact
57 barleycorn 1/3 inch # Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org
66 nautical 1.151 # For `nautical mile'
68 # light year will be implied by `year' and `light' below
72 bolt 25 yd # Of cloth; bolt length varies from bolt to bolt
75 ell 45 in # More or less standard, although other ells
76 # have also been used.
81 astronomicalunit 92.9 megamiles # Is this exact?
99 cicero 12dd # TeX likes to abbreviate this to cc, but cc is cubic centimeter
100 scaledpoint 1|65536 pt # Internal to TeX
106 are (10 m)2 # Implies `hectare'
107 acre chain furlong # Now you know why an acre is the size it is
109 township 36 mi2 # Who uses these?
110 barn (1.0E-12 centimeter)2 # Particle physics
111 board 144 in3/ft # Implies `board feet'
118 floz 29.573 ml # `floz' means `fluid ounce', which is different
119 # from `ounce', which is a measurement of mass.
120 # See `pound' below for more details.
128 pottle two quarts # Yup!
136 cordfoot 16 ft2 # NOT the same as `cord foot'.
139 # Barrels are complicated. `Barrel' here means `U.S. liquid barrel'.
145 firkin 9 gal # American firkin, not British firkin
146 perch 24.75 ft3 # Masonry
148 # Following units contributed 20011217 Thomas R Wyant III
156 nebuchadnezzar 25 fifth
158 # Delightful British liquid volumes; they all begin with `brit'.
160 britminim 1|480 britfloz
161 britdrachm 1|8 britfloz
162 drachm britdrachm # U.S. drachm is spelled `dram'.
163 britgill 5 britfloz # five, NOT four.
165 noggin britnoggin # Yeah, as though anyone else would have a `noggin.'
170 britgallon 4 britquart
174 britkilderkin two britfirkins
175 kilderkin britkilderkin # kilderkin is British only
176 britbucket 4 britgal # That's `britbucket,' not `bit bucket'.
177 bucket britbucket # Buckets are brit only.
178 britlast 2909.414 liters
182 dry 1.164904862579 # For `dry pint,' `dry quart,' etc.
190 imperial 1.201 # For `imperial pint,' etc.
195 # To avoid confusing the end user, we will pretend that `pound' is
196 # a unit of mass, interconvertible with `grams'. If you want
197 # pounds of force, see `lbf,' below. In this section, `pound'
198 # really means `mass of an object that weighs one-pound at the surface
199 # of the Earth.' That is, in this program, `slug' has its usual
200 # meaning, and `pound' is synonymous aith `slug'.
203 metricton kilokilogram
212 hundredweight 112 lb # This is the `long' hundredweight, analagous to
213 # the long ton. There is also a `short' hundredwight,
214 # but it's just a hectlb, so I put this one in instead.
219 short 100|112 # Convert long tons, cwts, and quarters to short.
224 # Obscure apothecaries' measures
227 apothounce 480 grains
229 apothpound 12 apothoz
231 # Troy measures (for gold and precious stones)
232 pennyweight 24 grains
233 troyoz 480 grains # We can't define `troy' as a constant,
234 # because there are 16 oz in a lb, but only
235 # 12 troyoz in a troylb, so at least one of
236 # `troy oz' or `troy lb' would be wrong.
238 carat 3.08647 grain # Metric version. Is this useful?
239 atomicmassunit 1.6605402e-27 kg # NIST 19990301 (+/- 0.10e-33 kg)
241 quintal 100kg # Metric quintal. Wasn't there another quintal?
242 elvis 255lb # At the time of his death, the King weighed 255 lb.
252 dy day # This will denote mean solar days
253 siderealday 0.99726957 dys
257 lunarmonth 29.530588 days # Mean solar days
260 tropicalyear 365.24219 dys # Mean solar days
261 siderealyear 365.25636 dys # Mean solar days
262 leapyear 366 dys # Mean solar days
263 calendaryear 365 dys # Mean solar days
264 gregorianyear 365.2425 dys
265 year tropicalyear # Correct on average for most calculations
270 millennium 1000 years
273 beat 1|1000 day # Swatch Internet Time (``Fuck the Sun'')
275 knot 1 nautical mi/hour
280 # Electromagnetic items, work, force, energy.
283 c 299792458 m/s # NIST 19990301 EXACT
284 light c # Implies `light year'
287 # Absolute temperature
290 Rankine 5|9 K # This is a very funny unit
293 # Amount of substance
295 Avogadro 6.0221367e23
297 molecule 1 mole per Avogadro # 1 mole is an Avogagro-number of molecules
300 # The Ampere is fundamental here, defined as the constant current
301 # which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite
302 # length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1m apart in
303 # vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2e-7
304 # newtons per meter of length.
309 statampere 3.335635e-11 abamperes
312 # What is this called? Is it capitalized? Is there an abbreviation?
313 gilbert 0.79577472 ampere turns
315 # Electrostatic charge
320 electron 1.60217733e-19 C # Charge on the electron; implies electron-volts
323 statcoulomb 3.335635e-11 abcoulomb
331 grav 9.8 m/s2 # Acceleration due to gravity
333 # Actually the accleration varies with altitude and latitude,
334 # from 9.78039 m/s2 at the equator to 9.83217 m/s2 at the poles.
335 # This mean value corresponds to a latitude of about 38 degrees.
342 atmosphere 101325 N/m2 # NIST 20010518 EXACT
344 bar megadyne/cm2 # Implies `millibars'
345 mercury 1|760 atm/mm # Implies `mm mercury' and `inches mercury'
349 water .0295 atm/ft # Implies `feet water'
351 air 6.6083e-5 atm/foot # At 60 deg.F; Implies `feet air'
357 footpound ft-lbf # foot-pound won't work, because `pound' is a mass
361 britishthermalunit 1054.8 J
362 btu britishthermalunit
364 # Kilowatt-hour (kWh) will be implied by `Watt'.
371 horsepower 550 ft-lbf/s
377 abvolt 1|100 microvolt
378 statvolt 2.997930e10 V
381 cycle 1 # For `cycles per second'
382 Hertz cycles per second
391 Henries Henry # For plural
393 stathenry 8.987584e11 henries
394 stathenries stathenry
403 Oersted 1|4 pi kiloamp/m
411 # We won't use G for Gauss because it is more important to
412 # use it for the universal gravitational constant
415 # `farad' is *not* an abbreviation for `Faraday' as far as I can tell.
419 statfarad 1.112646e-13 farad
425 statohm 8.987584e11 Ohms
436 G 6.67259e-11 N m2/kg2 # Newton gravitational constant NIST19990301
437 lightyear light year # Common abbreviation
438 eV e V # Electron volts
444 energy c2 # You can ask for `1 gram energy' and get
445 # the amount of energy equivalent to
446 # 1 gram according to e=mc2.
447 # Check: 1amu energy == 931.16 Mev?
448 Franklin (10/c) C cm/sec
455 # Viscosity - Maybe someone who understands this better can check.
456 poise g/(cm s) # Named after M. Poiseuille
459 # Kinematic viscosity = viscosity per unit density
462 # Refrigeration - Maybe someone who understands this better can check.
463 refrigeration 288000 btu/ton
464 ice tons refrigeration / 2009.1 lb
467 # The candela is fundamental here. Prior to 1979, it was defined as
468 # the luminous intensity of a black body at the temperature of
469 # solidification of platinum, whose radiating surface is 1/60 cm2. It
470 # is now the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source
471 # that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540e12 Hz and that
472 # has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1|683 W/sr
479 candlepower 12.566370 lumens
480 candle candela # ``International standard candle''
481 Hefner 0.90 candles # This was the German standard in early C20.
485 footcandle lm/ft2 # NOT the same as foot-candle.
487 stilb candle/m2 # Same as a pi lambert
489 # Various important physical constants
490 # I got this stuff from physics.nist.gov on 19990301.
491 h 6.6260755e-27 erg-sec # Planck's constant
493 plancklength 1.61605e-35 m
494 planckmass 2.17671e-8 kg
495 plancktime 5.39056e-44 sec
496 # Let's reserve `Planck' for a while longer until I can decide if
497 # they'd be useful in `planck time' etc.
498 permeability 4*pi*1.0e-7 H/m # Magnetic permeability of vacuum constant
499 permittivity 8.854187817e-12 F/m # Electric permittivity of vacuum constant
500 protonmass 1.6726231e-27 kg
501 neutronmass 1.6749286e-27 kg
502 electronmass 9.1093897e-31 kg
503 finestructure 7.29735308e-3 # Rl
504 # Electron charge is up above under `electrostatic'.
505 # There's no reason to get too obscure here because if someone wants
506 # they can make up an `obscure physical constants' file that
507 # physiscists could load in if they wanted to. So I've omitted stuff
508 # like the magnetic moment of the muon.
513 revolution circle # For revolutions / sec
515 rpm revolutions per minute
518 arcminute 1|60 degree
519 arcsecond 1|60 arcminute
522 sphere 4 pi steradians
533 kbyte 1024 bytes # `kilobyte' means 1000 bytes
534 # Don't use `K'; that's for Kelvins.
538 mbyte 1024 kbytes # `megabyte' means 1000000 bytes
544 baud bit/sec # Not strictly correct
548 # Conversions accurate only as of 25 November 1996.
558 Australia.dollar 0.8123$
559 AUS$ Australia.dollar
560 Austria.schilling 0.09438$
561 Belgium.franc 0.03223$
564 pound.sterling British.pound
565 sterling British.pound
566 Canada.dollar 0.7468$
568 Cayman.currency 1.22$
571 EuropeanCommunityUnit.ECU 1.278$
572 ECU EuropeanCommunityUnit.ECU
574 Finland.markka 0.2203$
575 markka Finland.markka
582 Greece.drachma 0.004216$
583 drachma Greece.drachma
584 HongKong.dollar 0.1294$
590 Israel.shekel 0.3623$
592 Italy.lira 0.0006655$
595 Kenya.shilling 0.02376$
596 Malaysia.dollar 0.397$
599 Morocco.dirham 0.1248$
600 dirham Morocco.dirham
601 Netherlands.guilder 0.5924$
602 guilder Netherlands.guilder
603 NewZealand.dollar 0.7153$
604 NZ$ NewZealand.dollar
607 Portugal.escudo 0.006577$
608 escudo Portugal.escudo
609 Senegal.CFAfranc 0.002019$
610 SouthAfrica.rand 0.2169$
611 rand SouthAfrica.rand
612 Spain.peseta 0.007896$
616 Switzerland.franc 0.788$
617 swissfranc Switzerland.franc
618 Swissfranc Switzerland.franc
620 # Old-style Brit money. Did I omit anything interesting?
622 shilling 1|20 sterling
632 crown 5 shillings # Implies `half crown'
637 # 18th century French coinage. References:
638 # http://home.nordnet.fr/~jlmorel/mesures.html and reverse-engineered
639 # from The Three Musketeers
640 # 20011227 Thomas R Wyant III
641 livre franc ### 3 Musketeers has francs!
642 ### Now, you too can convert Louis d'Or to U.S. Dollars!
644 crown 3 livres # It's ecu in French, not to be confused with ECU.
646 double 2 # 3 Musketeers refers to double pistoles, so ...
648 ### Now if only I had good definitions for reals and doubloons ...
651 # For `register tons'
653 registerton register ton
656 # bequerel (nucleotide radioactivity): Bq = k/s k=1??
657 # gray (absorbed dose): Gy = k J/kg k=1??
658 # sievert (dose equivalent): Sv = k J/kg k=1??
659 # curie: Ci = 3.3e10 Bq
660 # roentgen: R = 2.58e-4 C/kg
661 # rad: rad = centigray
662 # rem: rem = centisievert