8 USB - boot mode, NKRO, compatibility, etc...
9 http://geekhack.org/showthread.php?t=13162
10 NKey Rollover - Overview, Testing Methodology, and Results
11 http://geekhack.org/showwiki.php?title=NKey+Rollover+-+Overview+Testing+Methodology+and+Results
13 http://geekhack.org/showpost.php?p=191195&postcount=251
14 http://geekhack.org/showthread.php?p=204389#post204389
22 mechanical with diodes
28 USB NKRO is possible *without* a custom driver.
29 At least following OS's supports.
37 Custom Driver for USB NKRO
38 --------------------------
40 at least when using following report formats on Windows, Linux or MacOSX.
46 Keyboard can increase its KRO by using virtual keyboards with Standard or Extended report.
47 If the keyboard has 2 virtual keyboard with Standard report(6KRO), it gets 12KRO.
48 Using this method means the keyboard is a composite device.
51 It needs large report size for this method to achieve NKRO.
52 If a keyboard has 101keys, it needs 103byte report. It seems to be inefficient.
55 If the keyboard has less than 128keys, 16byte report will be enough for NKRO.
56 The 16byte report seems to be reasonable cost to get NKRO.
61 Other report formats than followings are possible, though these format are typical one.
64 modifiers(bitmap) 1byte
65 reserved 1byte(not used)
67 Standard report can send 6keys plus 8modifiers simultaneously.
68 Standard report is used by most keyboards in the marketplace.
69 Standard report is identical to boot protocol report.
70 Standard report is hard to suffer from compatibility problems.
72 2. Extended standard 16,32,64bytes
73 modifiers(bitmap) 1byte
74 reserved 1byte(not used)
75 keys(array) 1byte*(14,32,62)
76 Extended report can send N-keys by using N+2bytes.
77 Extended report is expected to be compatible with boot protocol.
79 3. Bitmap 16,32,64bytes
80 keys(bitmap) (16,32)bytes
81 Bitmap report can send at most 128keys by 16bytes and 256keys by 32bytes.
82 Bitmap report can achieve USB NKRO efficiently in terms of report size.
83 Bitmap report needs a deliberation for boot protocol implementation.
84 Bitmap report descriptor sample:
85 0x05, 0x01, // Usage Page (Generic Desktop),
86 0x09, 0x06, // Usage (Keyboard),
87 0xA1, 0x01, // Collection (Application),
88 // bitmap of modifiers
89 0x75, 0x01, // Report Size (1),
90 0x95, 0x08, // Report Count (8),
91 0x05, 0x07, // Usage Page (Key Codes),
92 0x19, 0xE0, // Usage Minimum (224),
93 0x29, 0xE7, // Usage Maximum (231),
94 0x15, 0x00, // Logical Minimum (0),
95 0x25, 0x01, // Logical Maximum (1),
96 0x81, 0x02, // Input (Data, Variable, Absolute), ;Modifier byte
98 0x95, 0x05, // Report Count (5),
99 0x75, 0x01, // Report Size (1),
100 0x05, 0x08, // Usage Page (LEDs),
101 0x19, 0x01, // Usage Minimum (1),
102 0x29, 0x05, // Usage Maximum (5),
103 0x91, 0x02, // Output (Data, Variable, Absolute),
104 0x95, 0x01, // Report Count (1),
105 0x75, 0x03, // Report Size (3),
106 0x91, 0x03, // Output (Constant),
108 0x95, (REPORT_BYTES-1)*8, // Report Count (),
109 0x75, 0x01, // Report Size (1),
110 0x15, 0x00, // Logical Minimum (0),
111 0x25, 0x01, // Logical Maximum(1),
112 0x05, 0x07, // Usage Page (Key Codes),
113 0x19, 0x00, // Usage Minimum (0),
114 0x29, (REPORT_BYTES-1)*8-1, // Usage Maximum (),
115 0x81, 0x02, // Input (Data, Variable, Absolute),
116 0xc0 // End Collection
117 where REPORT_BYTES is a report size in bytes.
125 Some BIOS doesn't send SET_PROTOCOL request, a keyboard can't switch to boot protocol mode.
126 This may cause a problem on a keyboard which uses other report than Standard.
129 OS/Driver processing time
134 1. Windows accepts only 6keys in case of Standard report.
135 It should be able to send 6keys plus 8modifiers.
136 2. Windows accepts only 10keys in case of 16bytes Extended report.
137 It should be able to send 14keys plus 8modifiers.
138 3. Windows accepts only 18keys in case of 32bytes Extended report.
139 It should be able to send 30keys plus 8modifiers.
140 If keys are pressed in excess of the number, wrong keys are registered on Windows.
142 This problem will be reportedly fixed soon.(2010/12/05)
143 http://forums.anandtech.com/showpost.php?p=30873364&postcount=17
146 Tools for testing NKRO
147 ----------------------
149 http://www.microsoft.com/appliedsciences/content/projects/KeyboardGhostingDemo.aspx
150 http://random.xem.us/rollover.html
153 AquaKeyTest.exe http://geekhack.org/showthread.php?t=6643