3 # 18 May 2001 M-J. Dominus <mjd-perl-units+@plover.com>.
4 # This file is in the PUBLIC DOMAIN.
5 # All rights abandoned.
7 # If you discover definitions of units that do not appear in this
8 # file, you are invited to mail them to mjd-perl-units+@plover.com, so
9 # that I can include them in a future version. Please include the
10 # date of this file, 18 May 2001, with all such submissions.
12 # If a unit is defined as `***', that means
13 # it has no definition because it is a fundamental unit.
15 # http://perl.plover.com/units/unittab
18 # Seven instrinsic SI units:
21 # Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org> adds metre alias
28 # Two supplementary units
35 turn *** # Of coiled wire
38 pi 3.1415926535897932386
41 e 2.718281828459045 # Why did I put this in? Oh, I don't know.
42 Neper 1 # Unit of logarithmic ratio
44 # Would it be better to make this a fundamental unit?
45 bel .868588963 Np # 2/ln(10) actually
55 inch 2.54 cm # This is the official definition and is exact
57 barleycorn 1/3 inch # Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org
66 nautical 1.151 # For `nautical mile'
68 # light year will be implied by `year' and `light' below
72 bolt 25 yd # Of cloth; bolt length varies from bolt to bolt
75 ell 45 in # More or less standard, although other ells
76 # have also been used.
81 astronomicalunit 92.9 megamiles # Is this exact?
99 cicero 12dd # TeX likes to abbreviate this to cc, but cc is cubic centimeter
100 scaledpoint 1|65536 pt # Internal to TeX
106 are (10 m)2 # Implies `hectare'
107 acre chain furlong # Now you know why an acre is the size it is
109 township 36 mi2 # Who uses these?
110 barn (1.0E-12 centimeter)2 # Particle physics
111 board 144 in3/ft # Implies `board feet'
118 floz 29.573 ml # `floz' means `fluid ounce', which is different
119 # from `ounce', which is a measurement of mass.
120 # See `pound' below for more details.
128 pottle two quarts # Yup!
136 cordfoot 16 ft2 # NOT the same as `cord foot'.
139 # Barrels are complicated. `Barrel' here means `U.S. liquid barrel'.
145 firkin 9 gal # American firkin, not British firkin
146 perch 24.75 ft3 # Masonry
148 # Following units contributed 20011217 Thomas R Wyant III
156 nebuchadnezzar 25 fifth
158 # Delightful British liquid volumes; they all begin with `brit'.
160 britminim 1|480 britfloz
161 britdrachm 1|8 britfloz
162 drachm britdrachm # U.S. drachm is spelled `dram'.
163 britgill 5 britfloz # five, NOT four.
165 noggin britnoggin # Yeah, as though anyone else would have a `noggin.'
170 britgallon 4 britquart
174 britkilderkin two britfirkins
175 kilderkin britkilderkin # kilderkin is British only
176 britbucket 4 britgal # That's `britbucket,' not `bit bucket'.
177 bucket britbucket # Buckets are brit only.
178 britlast 2909.414 liters
182 dry 1.164904862579 # For `dry pint,' `dry quart,' etc.
189 imperial 1.201 # For `imperial pint,' etc.
193 # To avoid confusing the end user, we will pretend that `pound' is
194 # a unit of mass, interconvertible with `grams'. If you want
195 # pounds of force, see `lbf,' below. In this section, `pound'
196 # really means `mass of an object that weighs one-pound at the surface
197 # of the Earth.' That is, in this program, `slug' has its usual
198 # meaning, and `pound' is synonymous aith `slug'.
201 metricton kilokilogram
210 hundredweight 112 lb # This is the `long' hundredweight, analagous to
211 # the long ton. There is also a `short' hundredwight,
212 # but it's just a hectlb, so I put this one in instead.
216 #ton longton # use shortton my default Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org>
217 ton shortton # the american ton, see metriton and longton
218 short 100|112 # Convert long tons, cwts, and quarters to short.
223 # Obscure apothecaries' measures
226 apothounce 480 grains
228 apothpound 12 apothoz
230 # Troy measures (for gold and precious stones)
231 pennyweight 24 grains
232 troyoz 480 grains # We can't define `troy' as a constant,
233 # because there are 16 oz in a lb, but only
234 # 12 troyoz in a troylb, so at least one of
235 # `troy oz' or `troy lb' would be wrong.
237 carat 3.08647 grain # Metric version. Is this useful?
238 atomicmassunit 1.6605402e-27 kg # NIST 19990301 (+/- 0.10e-33 kg)
240 quintal 100kg # Metric quintal. Wasn't there another quintal?
241 elvis 255lb # At the time of his death, the King weighed 255 lb.
251 dy day # This will denote mean solar days
252 siderealday 0.99726957 dys
256 lunarmonth 29.530588 days # Mean solar days
259 tropicalyear 365.24219 dys # Mean solar days
260 siderealyear 365.25636 dys # Mean solar days
261 leapyear 366 dys # Mean solar days
262 calendaryear 365 dys # Mean solar days
263 gregorianyear 365.2425 dys
264 year tropicalyear # Correct on average for most calculations
269 millennium 1000 years
272 beat 1|1000 day # Swatch Internet Time (``Fuck the Sun'')
274 knot 1 nautical mi/hour
279 # Electromagnetic items, work, force, energy.
282 c 299792458 m/s # NIST 19990301 EXACT
283 light c # Implies `light year'
286 # Absolute temperature
289 Rankine 5|9 K # This is a very funny unit
292 # Amount of substance
294 Avogadro 6.0221367e23
296 molecule 1 mole per Avogadro # 1 mole is an Avogagro-number of molecules
299 # The Ampere is fundamental here, defined as the constant current
300 # which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite
301 # length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1m apart in
302 # vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2e-7
303 # newtons per meter of length.
308 statampere 3.335635e-11 abamperes
311 # What is this called? Is it capitalized? Is there an abbreviation?
312 gilbert 0.79577472 ampere turns
314 # Electrostatic charge
319 electron 1.60217733e-19 C # Charge on the electron; implies electron-volts
322 statcoulomb 3.335635e-11 abcoulomb
330 grav 9.8 m/s2 # Acceleration due to gravity
332 # Actually the accleration varies with altitude and latitude,
333 # from 9.78039 m/s2 at the equator to 9.83217 m/s2 at the poles.
334 # This mean value corresponds to a latitude of about 38 degrees.
341 atmosphere 101325 N/m2 # NIST 20010518 EXACT
343 bar megadyne/cm2 # Implies `millibars'
344 mercury 1|760 atm/mm # Implies `mm mercury' and `inches mercury'
348 water .0295 atm/ft # Implies `feet water'
350 air 6.6083e-5 atm/foot # At 60 deg.F; Implies `feet air'
356 footpound ft-lbf # foot-pound won't work, because `pound' is a mass
360 britishthermalunit 1054.8 J
361 btu britishthermalunit
363 # Kilowatt-hour (kWh) will be implied by `Watt'.
370 horsepower 550 ft-lbf/s
376 abvolt 1|100 microvolt
377 statvolt 2.997930e10 V
380 cycle 1 # For `cycles per second'
381 Hertz cycles per second
390 Henries Henry # For plural
392 stathenry 8.987584e11 henries
393 stathenries stathenry
402 Oersted 1|4 pi kiloamp/m
410 # We won't use G for Gauss because it is more important to
411 # use it for the universal gravitational constant
414 # `farad' is *not* an abbreviation for `Faraday' as far as I can tell.
418 statfarad 1.112646e-13 farad
424 statohm 8.987584e11 Ohms
435 G 6.67259e-11 N m2/kg2 # Newton gravitational constant NIST19990301
436 lightyear light year # Common abbreviation
437 eV e V # Electron volts
443 energy c2 # You can ask for `1 gram energy' and get
444 # the amount of energy equivalent to
445 # 1 gram according to e=mc2.
446 # Check: 1amu energy == 931.16 Mev?
447 Franklin (10/c) C cm/sec
454 # Viscosity - Maybe someone who understands this better can check.
455 poise g/(cm s) # Named after M. Poiseuille
458 # Kinematic viscosity = viscosity per unit density
461 # Refrigeration - Maybe someone who understands this better can check.
462 refrigeration 288000 btu/ton
463 ice tons refrigeration / 2009.1 lb
466 # The candela is fundamental here. Prior to 1979, it was defined as
467 # the luminous intensity of a black body at the temperature of
468 # solidification of platinum, whose radiating surface is 1/60 cm2. It
469 # is now the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source
470 # that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540e12 Hz and that
471 # has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1|683 W/sr
478 candlepower 12.566370 lumens
479 candle candela # ``International standard candle''
480 Hefner 0.90 candles # This was the German standard in early C20.
484 footcandle lm/ft2 # NOT the same as foot-candle.
486 stilb candle/m2 # Same as a pi lambert
488 # Various important physical constants
489 # I got this stuff from physics.nist.gov on 19990301.
490 h 6.6260755e-27 erg-sec # Planck's constant
492 plancklength 1.61605e-35 m
493 planckmass 2.17671e-8 kg
494 plancktime 5.39056e-44 sec
495 # Let's reserve `Planck' for a while longer until I can decide if
496 # they'd be useful in `planck time' etc.
497 permeability 4*pi*1.0e-7 H/m # Magnetic permeability of vacuum constant
498 permittivity 8.854187817e-12 F/m # Electric permittivity of vacuum constant
499 protonmass 1.6726231e-27 kg
500 neutronmass 1.6749286e-27 kg
501 electronmass 9.1093897e-31 kg
502 finestructure 7.29735308e-3 # Rl
503 # Electron charge is up above under `electrostatic'.
504 # There's no reason to get too obscure here because if someone wants
505 # they can make up an `obscure physical constants' file that
506 # physiscists could load in if they wanted to. So I've omitted stuff
507 # like the magnetic moment of the muon.
512 revolution circle # For revolutions / sec
514 rpm revolutions per minute
517 arcminute 1|60 degree
518 arcsecond 1|60 arcminute
521 sphere 4 pi steradians
532 kbyte 1024 bytes # `kilobyte' means 1000 bytes
533 # Don't use `K'; that's for Kelvins.
537 mbyte 1024 kbytes # `megabyte' means 1000000 bytes
543 baud bit/sec # Not strictly correct
547 # Conversions accurate only as of 25 November 1996.
557 Australia.dollar 0.8123$
558 AUS$ Australia.dollar
559 Austria.schilling 0.09438$
560 Belgium.franc 0.03223$
563 pound.sterling British.pound
564 sterling British.pound
565 Canada.dollar 0.7468$
567 Cayman.currency 1.22$
570 EuropeanCommunityUnit.ECU 1.278$
571 ECU EuropeanCommunityUnit.ECU
573 Finland.markka 0.2203$
574 markka Finland.markka
581 Greece.drachma 0.004216$
582 drachma Greece.drachma
583 HongKong.dollar 0.1294$
589 Israel.shekel 0.3623$
591 Italy.lira 0.0006655$
594 Kenya.shilling 0.02376$
595 Malaysia.dollar 0.397$
598 Morocco.dirham 0.1248$
599 dirham Morocco.dirham
600 Netherlands.guilder 0.5924$
601 guilder Netherlands.guilder
602 NewZealand.dollar 0.7153$
603 NZ$ NewZealand.dollar
606 Portugal.escudo 0.006577$
607 escudo Portugal.escudo
608 Senegal.CFAfranc 0.002019$
609 SouthAfrica.rand 0.2169$
610 rand SouthAfrica.rand
611 Spain.peseta 0.007896$
615 Switzerland.franc 0.788$
616 swissfranc Switzerland.franc
617 Swissfranc Switzerland.franc
619 # Old-style Brit money. Did I omit anything interesting?
621 shilling 1|20 sterling
631 crown 5 shillings # Implies `half crown'
636 # 18th century French coinage. References:
637 # http://home.nordnet.fr/~jlmorel/mesures.html and reverse-engineered
638 # from The Three Musketeers
639 # 20011227 Thomas R Wyant III
640 livre franc ### 3 Musketeers has francs!
641 ### Now, you too can convert Louis d'Or to U.S. Dollars!
643 crown 3 livres # It's ecu in French, not to be confused with ECU.
645 double 2 # 3 Musketeers refers to double pistoles, so ...
647 ### Now if only I had good definitions for reals and doubloons ...
650 # For `register tons'
652 registerton register ton
655 # bequerel (nucleotide radioactivity): Bq = k/s k=1??
656 # gray (absorbed dose): Gy = k J/kg k=1??
657 # sievert (dose equivalent): Sv = k J/kg k=1??
658 # curie: Ci = 3.3e10 Bq
659 # roentgen: R = 2.58e-4 C/kg
660 # rad: rad = centigray
661 # rem: rem = centisievert