3 This is a keyboard firmware based on the [tmk_keyboard firmware](http://github.com/tmk/tmk_keyboard) with some useful features for Atmel AVR controllers, and more specifically, the [OLKB product line](http://olkb.co) and the [ErgoDox EZ](http://www.ergodox-ez.com) keyboard.
5 QMK is developed and maintained by Jack Humbert of OLKB with contributions from the community, and of course, TMK.
7 This documentation is edited and maintained by Erez Zukerman of ErgoDox EZ. If you spot any typos or inaccuracies, please [open an issue](https://github.com/jackhumbert/qmk_firmware/issues/new).
9 ## Important background info: TMK documentation
11 The documentation below explains QMK customizations and elaborates on some of the more useful features of TMK. To understand the base firmware, and especially what *layers* are and how they work, please see [TMK_README.md](/TMK_README.md).
15 * [BUILD_GUIDE.md](BUILD_GUIDE.md) contains instructions to set up a build environment, build the firmware, and deploy it to a keyboard. Once your build environment has been set up, all `make` commands to actually build the firmware must be run from a folder in `keyboard/`.
16 * If you're looking to customize a keyboard that currently runs QMK or TMK, find your keyboard's directory under `keyboard/` and run the make commands from there.
17 * If you're looking to apply this firmware to an entirely new hardware project (a new kind of keyboard), you can create your own Quantum-based project by using `./new_project.sh <project_name>`, which will create `/keyboard/<project_name>` with all the necessary components for a Quantum project.
21 You have access to a bunch of goodies! Check out the Makefile to enable/disable some of the features. Uncomment the `#` to enable them. Setting them to `no` does nothing and will only confuse future you.
23 BACKLIGHT_ENABLE = yes # Enable keyboard backlight functionality
24 MIDI_ENABLE = yes # MIDI controls
25 UNICODE_ENABLE = no # <-- This is how you disable an option, just set it to "no"
26 BLUETOOTH_ENABLE = yes # Enable Bluetooth with the Adafruit EZ-Key HID
28 ### Customizing Makefile options on a per-keymap basis
30 If your keymap directory has a file called `makefile.mk` (note the lowercase filename, and the `.mk` extension), any Makefile options you set in that file will take precedence over other Makefile options (those set for Quantum as a whole or for your particular keyboard).
32 So let's say your keyboard's makefile has `CONSOLE_ENABLE = yes` (or maybe doesn't even list the `CONSOLE_ENABLE` option, which would cause it to revert to the global Quantum default). You want your particular keymap to not have the debug console, so you make a file called `makefile.mk` and specify `CONSOLE_ENABLE = no`.
34 ## Quick aliases to common actions
36 Your keymap can include shortcuts to common operations (called "function actions" in tmk).
38 ### Switching and toggling layers
40 `MO(layer)` - momentary switch to *layer*. As soon as you let go of the key, the layer is deactivated and you pop back out to the previous layer. When you apply this to a key, that same key must be set as `KC_TRNS` on the destination layer. Otherwise, you won't make it back to the original layer when you release the key (and you'll get a keycode sent). You can only switch to layers *above* your current layer. If you're on layer 0 and you use `MO(1)`, that will switch to layer 1 just fine. But if you include `MO(3)` on layer 5, that won't do anything for you -- because layer 3 is lower than layer 5 on the stack.
42 `LT(layer, kc)` - momentary switch to *layer* when held, and *kc* when tapped. Like `MO()`, this only works upwards in the layer stack (`layer` must be higher than the current layer).
44 `TG(layer)` - toggles a layer on or off. As with `MO()`, you should set this key as `KC_TRNS` in the destination layer so that tapping it again actually toggles back to the original layer. Only works upwards in the layer stack.
46 ### Fun with modifier keys
48 * `LSFT(kc)` - applies left Shift to *kc* (keycode) - `S(kc)` is an alias
49 * `RSFT(kc)` - applies right Shift to *kc*
50 * `LCTL(kc)` - applies left Control to *kc*
51 * `RCTL(kc)` - applies right Control to *kc*
52 * `LALT(kc)` - applies left Alt to *kc*
53 * `RALT(kc)` - applies right Alt to *kc*
54 * `LGUI(kc)` - applies left GUI (command/win) to *kc*
55 * `RGUI(kc)` - applies right GUI (command/win) to *kc*
56 * `HYPR(kc)` - applies Hyper (all modifiers) to *kc*
57 * `MEH(kc)` - applies Meh (all modifiers except Win/Cmd) to *kc*
58 * `LCAG(kc)` - applies CtrlAltGui to *kc*
60 You can also chain these, like this:
62 LALT(LCTL(KC_DEL)) -- this makes a key that sends Alt, Control, and Delete in a single keypress.
64 The following shortcuts automatically add `LSFT()` to keycodes to get commonly used symbols. Their long names are also available and documented in `/quantum/keymap_common.h`.
84 `MT(mod, kc)` - is *mod* (modifier key - MOD_LCTL, MOD_LSFT) when held, and *kc* when tapped. In other words, you can have a key that sends Esc (or the letter O or whatever) when you tap it, but works as a Control key or a Shift key when you hold it down.
86 These are the values you can use for the `mod` in `MT()` (right-hand modifiers are not available):
93 These can also be combined like `MOD_LCTL | MOD_LSFT` e.g. `MT(MOD_LCTL | MOD_LSFT, KC_ESC)` which would activate Control and Shift when held, and send Escape when tapped.
95 We've added shortcuts to make common modifier/tap (mod-tap) mappings more compact:
97 * `CTL_T(kc)` - is LCTL when held and *kc* when tapped
98 * `SFT_T(kc)` - is LSFT when held and *kc* when tapped
99 * `ALT_T(kc)` - is LALT when held and *kc* when tapped
100 * `GUI_T(kc)` - is LGUI when held and *kc* when tapped
101 * `ALL_T(kc)` - is Hyper (all mods) when held and *kc* when tapped. To read more about what you can do with a Hyper key, see [this blog post by Brett Terpstra](http://brettterpstra.com/2012/12/08/a-useful-caps-lock-key/)
102 * `LCAG_T(kc)` - is CtrlAltGui when held and *kc* when tapped
103 * `MEH_T(kc)` - is like Hyper, but not as cool -- does not include the Cmd/Win key, so just sends Alt+Ctrl+Shift.
105 ### Temporarily setting the default layer
107 `DF(layer)` - sets default layer to *layer*. The default layer is the one at the "bottom" of the layer stack - the ultimate fallback layer. This currently does not persist over power loss. When you plug the keyboard back in, layer 0 will always be the default. It is theoretically possible to work around that, but that's not what `DF` does.
109 ### Prevent stuck modifiers
111 Consider the following scenario:
113 1. Layer 0 has a key defined as Shift.
114 2. The same key is defined on layer 1 as the letter A.
115 3. User presses Shift.
116 4. User switches to layer 1 for whatever reason.
117 5. User releases Shift, or rather the letter A.
118 6. User switches back to layer 0.
120 Shift was actually never released and is still considered pressed.
122 If such situation bothers you add this to your `config.h`:
124 #define PREVENT_STUCK_MODIFIERS
126 This option uses 5 bytes of memory per every 8 keys on the keyboard
127 rounded up (5 bits per key). For example on Planck (48 keys) it uses
128 (48/8)\*5 = 30 bytes.
130 ### Remember: These are just aliases
132 These functions work the same way that their `ACTION_*` functions do - they're just quick aliases. To dig into all of the tmk ACTION_* functions, please see the [TMK documentation](https://github.com/jackhumbert/qmk_firmware/blob/master/tmk_core/doc/keymap.md#2-action).
134 Instead of using `FNx` when defining `ACTION_*` functions, you can use `F(x)` - the benefit here is being able to use more than 32 function actions (up to 4096), if you happen to need them.
136 ## Macro shortcuts: Send a whole string when pressing just one key
138 Instead of using the `ACTION_MACRO` function, you can simply use `M(n)` to access macro *n* - *n* will get passed into the `action_get_macro` as the `id`, and you can use a switch statement to trigger it. This gets called on the keydown and keyup, so you'll need to use an if statement testing `record->event.pressed` (see keymap_default.c).
141 const macro_t *action_get_macro(keyrecord_t *record, uint8_t id, uint8_t opt) // this is the function signature -- just copy/paste it into your keymap file as it is.
144 case 0: // this would trigger when you hit a key mapped as M(0)
145 if (record->event.pressed) {
146 return MACRO( I(255), T(H), T(E), T(L), T(L), W(255), T(O), END ); // this sends the string 'hello' when the macro executes
153 A macro can include the following commands:
155 * I() change interval of stroke in milliseconds.
158 * T() type key(press and release).
159 * W() wait (milliseconds).
162 So above you can see the stroke interval changed to 255ms between each keystroke, then a bunch of keys being typed, waits a while, then the macro ends.
164 Note: Using macros to have your keyboard send passwords for you is possible, but a bad idea.
166 ### Advanced macro functions
168 To get more control over the keys/actions your keyboard takes, the following functions are available to you in the `action_get_macro` function block:
170 * `record->event.pressed`
172 This is a boolean value that can be tested to see if the switch is being pressed or released. An example of this is
175 if (record->event.pressed) {
182 * `register_code(<kc>);`
184 This sends the `<kc>` keydown event to the computer. Some examples would be `KC_ESC`, `KC_C`, `KC_4`, and even modifiers such as `KC_LSFT` and `KC_LGUI`.
186 * `unregister_code(<kc>);`
188 Parallel to `register_code` function, this sends the `<kc>` keyup event to the computer. If you don't use this, the key will be held down until it's sent.
192 This will turn on the layer `<n>` - the higher layer number will always take priority. Make sure you have `KC_TRNS` for the key you're pressing on the layer you're switching to, or you'll get stick there unless you have another plan.
196 This will turn off the layer `<n>`.
198 * `clear_keyboard();`
200 This will clear all mods and keys currently pressed.
204 This will clear all mods currently pressed.
206 * `clear_keyboard_but_mods();`
208 This will clear all keys besides the mods currently pressed.
210 * `update_tri_layer(layer_1, layer_2, layer_3);`
212 If the user attempts to activate layer 1 AND layer 2 at the same time (for example, by hitting their respective layer keys), layer 3 will be activated. Layers 1 and 2 will _also_ be activated, for the purposes of fallbacks (so a given key will fall back from 3 to 2, to 1 -- and only then to 0).
214 #### Naming your macros
216 If you have a bunch of macros you want to refer to from your keymap, while keeping the keymap easily readable, you can just name them like so:
226 #define EXT_PLV M(13)
229 As was done on the [Planck default keymap](/keyboard/planck/keymaps/default/keymap.c#L33-L40)
231 #### Timer functionality
233 It's possible to start timers and read values for time-specific events - here's an example:
236 static uint16_t key_timer;
237 key_timer = timer_read();
238 if (timer_elapsed(key_timer) < 100) {
239 // do something if less than 100ms have passed
241 // do something if 100ms or more have passed
245 It's best to declare the `static uint16_t key_timer;` outside of the macro block (top of file, etc).
247 #### Example 1: Single-key copy/paste (hold to copy, tap to paste)
249 With QMK, it's easy to make one key do two things, as long as one of those things is being a modifier. :) So if you want a key to act as Ctrl when held and send the letter R when tapped, that's easy: `CTL_T(KC_R)`. But what do you do when you want that key to send Ctrl-V (paste) when tapped, and Ctrl-C (copy) when held?
255 static uint16_t key_timer;
257 const macro_t *action_get_macro(keyrecord_t *record, uint8_t id, uint8_t opt)
261 if (record->event.pressed) {
262 key_timer = timer_read(); // if the key is being pressed, we start the timer.
264 else { // this means the key was just released, so we can figure out how long it was pressed for (tap or "held down").
265 if (timer_elapsed(key_timer) > 150) { // 150 being 150ms, the threshhold we pick for counting something as a tap.
266 return MACRO( D(LCTL), T(C), U(LCTL), END );
269 return MACRO( D(LCTL), T(V), U(LCTL), END );
279 And then, to assign this macro to a key on your keyboard layout, you just use `M(0)` on the key you want to press for copy/paste.
281 #### Example 2: Space Cadet Shift (making it easy to send opening and closing parentheses)
283 In the [Modern Space Cadet Keyboard](http://stevelosh.com/blog/2012/10/a-modern-space-cadet/#shift-parentheses), one of cooler features is the Shift Parentheses. To quote Steve Losh:
285 > When held while pressing other keys, act like Shift.
286 > When pressed and released on their own, type an opening or closing parenthesis (left and right shift respectively).
289 static uint16_t key_timer;
291 const macro_t *action_get_macro(keyrecord_t *record, uint8_t id, uint8_t opt)
295 if (record->event.pressed) {
296 key_timer = timer_read(); // if the key is being pressed, we start the timer.
297 register_code(KC_LSFT); // we're now holding down Shift.
298 } else { // this means the key was just released, so we can figure out how long it was pressed for (tap or "held down").
299 if (timer_elapsed(key_timer) < 150) { // 150 being 150ms, the threshhold we pick for counting something as a tap.
300 register_code(KC_9); // sending 9 while Shift is held down gives us an opening paren
301 unregister_code(KC_9); // now let's let go of that key
303 unregister_code(KC_LSFT); // let's release the Shift key now.
308 if (record->event.pressed) {
309 key_timer = timer_read(); // Now we're doing the same thing, only for the right shift/close paren key
310 register_code(KC_RSFT);
312 if (timer_elapsed(key_timer) < 150) {
314 unregister_code(KC_0);
316 unregister_code(KC_RSFT);
325 And then, to assign this macro to a key on your keyboard layout, you just use `M(0)` on the key you want to press for left shift/opening parens, and `M(1)` for right shift/closing parens.
327 ## Additional keycode aliases for software-implemented layouts (Colemak, Dvorak, etc)
329 Everything is assuming you're in Qwerty (in software) by default, but there is built-in support for using a Colemak or Dvorak layout by including this at the top of your keymap:
331 #include <keymap_colemak.h>
333 If you use Dvorak, use `keymap_dvorak.h` instead of `keymap_colemak.h` for this line. After including this line, you will get access to:
335 * `CM_*` for all of the Colemak-equivalent characters
336 * `DV_*` for all of the Dvorak-equivalent characters
338 These implementations assume you're using Colemak or Dvorak on your OS, not on your keyboard - this is referred to as a software-implemented layout. If your computer is in Qwerty and your keymap is in Colemak or Dvorak, this is referred to as a firmware-implemented layout, and you won't need these features.
340 To give an example, if you're using software-implemented Colemak, and want to get an `F`, you would use `CM_F` - `KC_F` under these same circumstances would result in `T`.
342 ## Additional language support
344 In `quantum/keymap_extras/`, you'll see various language files - these work the same way as the alternative layout ones do. Most are defined by their two letter country/language code followed by an underscore and a 4-letter abbreviation of its name. `FR_UGRV` which will result in a `ù` when using a software-implemented AZERTY layout. It's currently difficult to send such characters in just the firmware (but it's being worked on - see Unicode support).
348 You can currently send 4 hex digits with your OS-specific modifier key (RALT for OSX with the "Unicode Hex Input" layout) - this is currently limited to supporting one OS at a time, and requires a recompile for switching. 8 digit hex codes are being worked on. The keycode function is `UC(n)`, where *n* is a 4 digit hexidecimal. Enable from the Makefile.
350 ## Other firmware shortcut keycodes
352 * `RESET` - puts the MCU in DFU mode for flashing new firmware (with `make dfu`)
353 * `DEBUG` - the firmware into debug mode - you'll need hid_listen to see things
354 * `BL_ON` - turns the backlight on
355 * `BL_OFF` - turns the backlight off
356 * `BL_<n>` - sets the backlight to level *n*
357 * `BL_INC` - increments the backlight level by one
358 * `BL_DEC` - decrements the backlight level by one
359 * `BL_TOGG` - toggles the backlight
360 * `BL_STEP` - steps through the backlight levels
362 Enable the backlight from the Makefile.
366 This is still a WIP, but check out `quantum/keymap_midi.c` to see what's happening. Enable from the Makefile.
368 ## Bluetooth functionality
370 This requires [some hardware changes](https://www.reddit.com/r/MechanicalKeyboards/comments/3psx0q/the_planck_keyboard_with_bluetooth_guide_and/?ref=search_posts), but can be enabled via the Makefile. The firmware will still output characters via USB, so be aware of this when charging via a computer. It would make sense to have a switch on the Bluefruit to turn it off at will.
372 ## International Characters on Windows
374 [AutoHotkey](https://autohotkey.com) allows Windows users to create custom hotkeys among others.
376 The method does not require Unicode support in the keyboard itself but depends instead of AutoHotkey running in the background.
378 First you need to select a modifier combination that is not in use by any of your programs.
379 CtrlAltWin is not used very widely and should therefore be perfect for this.
380 There is a macro defined for a mod-tab combo `LCAG_T`.
381 Add this mod-tab combo to a key on your keyboard, e.g.: `LCAG_T(KC_TAB)`.
382 This makes the key behave like a tab key if pressed and released immediately but changes it to the modifier if used with another key.
384 In the default script of AutoHotkey you can define custom hotkeys.
389 The hotkeys above are for the combination CtrlAltGui and CtrlAltGuiShift plus the letter a.
390 AutoHotkey inserts the Text right of `Send, ` when this combination is pressed.
392 ## RGB Under Glow Mod
394 ![Planck with RGB Underglow](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yangliu/qmk_firmware/planck-rgb/keyboard/planck/keymaps/yang/planck-with-rgb-underglow.jpg)
396 Here is a quick demo on Youtube (with NPKC KC60) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKrpPAHlisY).
398 For this mod, you need an unused pin wiring to DI of WS2812 strip. After wiring the VCC, GND, and DI, you can enable the underglow in your Makefile.
400 RGBLIGHT_ENABLE = yes
402 Please note that the underglow is not compatible with audio output. So you cannot enable both of them at the same time.
404 Please add the following options into your config.h, and set them up according your hardware configuration. These settings are for the F4 by default:
406 #define ws2812_PORTREG PORTF
407 #define ws2812_DDRREG DDRF
408 #define ws2812_pin PF4
409 #define RGBLED_NUM 14 // Number of LEDs
410 #define RGBLIGHT_HUE_STEP 10
411 #define RGBLIGHT_SAT_STEP 17
412 #define RGBLIGHT_VAL_STEP 17
414 You'll need to edit `PORTF`, `DDRF`, and `PF4` on the first three lines to the port/pin you have your LED(s) wired to, eg for B3 change things to:
416 #define ws2812_PORTREG PORTB
417 #define ws2812_DDRREG DDRB
418 #define ws2812_pin PB3
420 The firmware supports 5 different light effects, and the color (hue, saturation, brightness) can be customized in most effects. To control the underglow, you need to modify your keymap file to assign those functions to some keys/key combinations. For details, please check this keymap. `keyboard/planck/keymaps/yang/keymap.c`
424 ![WS2812 Wiring](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yangliu/qmk_firmware/planck-rgb/keyboard/planck/keymaps/yang/WS2812-wiring.jpg)
426 Please note the USB port can only supply a limited amount of power to the keyboard (500mA by standard, however, modern computer and most usb hubs can provide 700+mA.). According to the data of NeoPixel from Adafruit, 30 WS2812 LEDs require a 5V 1A power supply, LEDs used in this mod should not more than 20.
428 ## Safety Considerations
430 You probably don't want to "brick" your keyboard, making it impossible
431 to rewrite firmware onto it. Here are some of the parameters to show
432 what things are (and likely aren't) too risky.
434 - If a keyboard map does not include RESET, then, to get into DFU
435 mode, you will need to press the reset button on the PCB, which
436 requires unscrewing some bits.
437 - Messing with tmk_core / common files might make the keyboard
439 - Too large a .hex file is trouble; `make dfu` will erase the block,
440 test the size (oops, wrong order!), which errors out, failing to
442 - DFU tools do /not/ allow you to write into the bootloader (unless
443 you throw in extra fruitsalad of options), so there is little risk
445 - EEPROM has around a 100000 write cycle. You shouldn't rewrite the
446 firmware repeatedly and continually; that'll burn the EEPROM