@lilypondfile[ragged-right,line-width=16\cm,staffsize=14,quote]
{rhythms-headword.ly}
-This section discusses rhythms, durations, and bars.
+This section discusses rhythms, rests, durations, beaming and bars.
@menu
* Writing rhythms::
@funindex \breve
@funindex \maxima
-When entering notes, durations are designated by numbers and dots:
-durations are entered as their reciprocal values. For example, a
+Durations are designated by numbers and dots.
+Durations are entered as their reciprocal values. For example, a
quarter note is entered using a @code{4} (since it is a 1/4 note),
-while a half note is entered using a @code{2} (since it is a 1/2
+and a half note is entered using a @code{2} (since it is a 1/2
note). For notes longer than a whole you must use the
-@code{\longa} (a double breve) and @code{\breve} commands. Note
-durations as short as 64th notes may be specified. Shorter values
-are possible, but only as beamed notes.
+@code{\longa} (a double breve) and @code{\breve} commands.
+Durations as short as 64th notes may be specified. Shorter values
+are possible, but only as beamed notes:
@c Two 64th notes are needed to obtain beams
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
@end lilypond
@noindent
-and the same durations with automatic beaming turned off
+and the same durations with automatic beaming turned off;
see @ref{Automatic beams}:
@c not strictly "writing rhythms"; more of a "displaying" thing,
c4 c8 c16 c32 c64 c64
@end lilypond
+A note with the duration of a quadruple breve may be entered with
+@code{\maxima}, but this is supported only within ancient music
+notation; see @ref{Ancient notation}.
+
If the duration is omitted then it is set to the previously
entered duration. The default for the first note is a quarter
note.
@funindex .
-To obtain dotted note lengths, simply add a dot (@code{.}) to the
-number. Double-dotted notes are produced in a similar way.
+To obtain dotted note lengths, place a dot (@code{.}) after the
+duration. Double-dotted notes are specified by appending two
+dots, and so on.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
a4 b c4. b8 a4. b4.. c8.
@end lilypond
-Some durations cannot be entered using only binary durations
-and dots, and can only be represented by tying two or more
-notes together. Tied notes are covered in @ref{Ties}.
+Some durations cannot be represented with just binary durations
+and dots; they can only be represented by tying two or more
+notes together; see @ref{Ties}.
+
+For ways of specifying durations for the syllables of lyrics and
+ways of aligning lyrics to notes see @ref{Vocal music}.
+
+Optionally, notes can be spaced proportionately to their duration.
+For details of this and other settings which control proportional
+notation see @ref{Proportional notation}.
@refcommands
Dots are normally moved up to avoid staff lines, except in
polyphonic situations. The following commands may be used to
-force a particular direction manually:
+force a particular direction manually, and to return to the
+default behaviour:
@funindex \dotsUp
@code{\dotsUp},
@funindex \dotsNeutral
@code{\dotsNeutral}.
-For ways of specifying durations for the syllables of lyrics and
-ways of aligning lyrics to notes see @ref{Vocal music}.
-
-A note with the duration of a quadruple breve may be entered with
-@code{\maxima}, but this is supported only within ancient music
-notation; see @ref{Ancient notation}.
-
-Optionally, notes can be spaced proportionately to their duration.
-For details of this and other settings which control proportional
-notation see @ref{Proportional notation}.
-
@seealso
Music Glossary: @rglos{breve}, @rglos{longa}, @rglos{note value}
@rglos{Duration names notes and rests}.
-Notation Reference: @ref{Automatic beams}, @ref{Ties},
+Notation Reference: @ref{Automatic beams}, @ref{Ties},
@ref{Writing rhythms}, @ref{Writing rests}, @ref{Vocal music},
@ref{Ancient notation}, @ref{Proportional notation}.
@refbugs
-@c duplicated in Durations and Rests. -gp
+@c deliberately duplicated in Durations and Rests. -gp
There is no fundamental limit to rest durations (both in terms of
longest and shortest), but the number of glyphs is limited: there
are rests from 128th to maxima (8 x whole).