From de43d3813a266bccbb33b1223fa61c4187a71d8d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Trevor Daniels Date: Sat, 9 Oct 2010 17:33:18 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Doc: NT 2.1 Vocal: rewrite Multiple notes to one syllable --- Documentation/notation/vocal.itely | 196 ++++++++++++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 134 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely b/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely index 4ce7b67ab9..c63eb83c98 100644 --- a/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely +++ b/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely @@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ Music Glossary: @cindex quotes in lyrics @funindex \lyricmode +@c TODO should we explain hyphens here + Lyrics are entered in a special input mode, which can be introduced by the keyword @code{\lyricmode}, or by using @code{\addlyrics} or @code{\lyricsto}. In this mode the input @code{d} is not parsed as @@ -265,6 +267,9 @@ different ways. The third stanza shows the normal way of entering lyrics. @seealso +Learning Manual: +@rlearning{Aligning lyrics to a melody}. + Internals Reference: @rinternals{Lyrics}. @@ -420,116 +425,183 @@ Internals Reference: @rinternals{LyricCombineMusic}. -@c Here come the section which used to be "Melismata" -@c the new title might be more self-explanatory - - @node Multiple notes to one syllable @unnumberedsubsubsec Multiple notes to one syllable @cindex melisma @cindex melismata @cindex phrasing, in lyrics +@funindex \melisma +@funindex \melismaEnd + +Sometimes, particularly in Medieval music, several notes are to be +sung on one syllable; such vocalises are called melismas, or +melismata. The syllable to a melisma is usually left-aligned with +the first note of the melisma. -Sometimes, particularly in Medieval music, several notes are to be sung on one -single syllable; such vocalises are called melismas, or melismata. +When a melisma occurs on a syllable other that the last one in a +word, that syllable is usually joined to the following one with a +hyphenated line. This is indicated by placing a double hyphen, +@code{--}, immediately after the syllable. -@c this method seems to be the simplest; therefore -@c it might be better to present it first - vv +Alternatively, when a melisma occurs on the last or only syllable in +a word an extender line is usually drawn from the end of the syllable +to the last note of the melisma. This is indicated by placing a +double underscore, @code{__}, immediately after the word. -You can define melismata entirely in the lyrics, by entering @code{_} -for every extra note that has to be added to the melisma. +There are five ways in which melismata can be indicated: -@c TODO: clarify: __ is used to crate a lyric extender, -@c _ is used to add a note to a melisma, so both __ and _ are needed. +@itemize -@c verbose! --FV -@c duplicated: TODO fix -Additionally, you can make an extender line to be typeset to indicate -the melisma in the score, writing a double underscore next to the -first syllable of the melisma. This example shows the three elements -that are used for this purpose (all of them surrounded by spaces): -double hyphens to separate syllables in a word, underscores to add -notes to a melisma, and a double underscore to put an extender line. +@item +Melismata are created automatically over notes which are tied +together: -@c wrong: extender line only on last syllable of a word. Change example -@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,fragment,quote] -{ \set melismaBusyProperties = #'() - c d( e) f f( e) e e } -\addlyrics - { Ky -- _ _ ri __ _ _ _ e } +@lilypond[quote,relative=2,verbatim] +<< + \new Voice = "melody" { + \time 3/4 + f4 g2 ~ | + g4 e2 ~ | + e8 + } + \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { + Ki -- ri -- e __ + } +>> @end lilypond -In this case, you can also have ties and slurs in the melody if you -set @code{melismaBusyProperties}, as is done in the example above. +@item +Melismata can be created automatically from the music by placing +slurs over the notes of each melisma. This is the usual way of +entering lyrics: + +@lilypond[quote,relative=2,verbatim] +<< + \new Voice = "melody" { + \time 3/4 + f4 g8 ( f e f ) + e8 ( d e2 ) + } + \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { + Ki -- ri -- e __ + } +>> +@end lilypond -However, the @code{\lyricsto} command can also -detect melismata automatically: it only puts one -syllable under a tied or slurred group of notes. If you want to force -an unslurred group of notes to be a melisma, insert @code{\melisma} -after the first note of the group, and @code{\melismaEnd} after the -last one, e.g., +@item +Notes are considered a melisma if they are manually beamed, +providing automatic beaming is switched off. See +@ref{Setting automatic beam behavior}. -@lilypond[quote,relative=2,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim] +@lilypond[quote,relative=2,verbatim] << - \new Voice = "lala" { + \new Voice = "melody" { + \time 3/4 + \autoBeamOff + f4 g8[ f e f] + e2. + } + \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { + Ki -- ri -- e + } +>> +@end lilypond + +Clearly this is not suited to melisma over notes which are longer +than eighth notes. + +@item +An unslurred group of notes will be treated as a melisma if they +are bracketed between @code{\melisma} and @code{\melismaEnd}. + +@lilypond[quote,relative=2,verbatim] +<< + \new Voice = "melody" { \time 3/4 f4 g8 \melisma f e f \melismaEnd - e2 + e2. } - \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lala" { - la di __ daah + \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { + Ki -- ri -- e } >> @end lilypond -In addition, notes are considered a melisma if they are manually -beamed, and automatic beaming (see @ref{Setting automatic beam -behavior}) is switched off. +Note that this method cannot be used to indicate two melismata if +the first one is immediately followed by another. -@lilypond[quote,relative=2,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim] +@item +A melisma can be defined entirely in the lyrics by entering a +single underscore character, @code{_}, for every extra note that has +to be added to the melisma. + +@lilypond[verbatim, quote, relative=2] << - \new Voice = "lala" { + \new Voice = "melody" { \time 3/4 - \autoBeamOff - f4 g8[ f e f] - e2 + f4 g8 f e f + e8 d e2 } - \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lala" { - la di __ daah + \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { + Ki -- ri -- _ _ _ e __ _ _ } >> @end lilypond -@c TODO: this now links to LM -vv -@c umm, yeah... so what? -gp +@end itemize -@cindex SATB -@cindex choral score +It is possible to have ties, slurs and manual beams in the melody +without their indicating melismata. To do this, set +@code{melismaBusyProperties} and indicate the melismata with single +underscores in the lyrics, one underscore for each extra note: -A complete example of a SATB score setup is in -@rlearning{Vocal ensembles}. +@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,quote] +<< + \new Voice = "melody" { + \time 3/4 + \set melismaBusyProperties = #'() + c4 d ( e ) + g8 [ f ] f4( e) + d e ~ e + } + \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { + Ky -- _ _ _ _ ri -- _ _ e __ _ + } +>> +@end lilypond +Other settings for @code{melismaBusyProperties} can be used to +include or exclude ties, slurs, and beams from the automatic +detection of melismata; see @code{melismaBusyProperties} in +@rinternals{Tunable context properties}. @predefined -@funindex \melisma + +@code{\autoBeamOff}, +@code{\autoBeamOn}, @code{\melisma}, -@funindex \melismaEnd @code{\melismaEnd}. -@endpredefined +@seealso +Learning Manual: +@rlearning{Aligning lyrics to a melody}. -@c @seealso -@c @lsr{vocal,lyric@/-combine.ly}. +Notation Reference: +@ref{Aligning lyrics to a melody}, +@ref{Automatic syllable durations}, +@ref{Setting automatic beam behaviour}. +Internals Reference: +@rinternals{Tunable context properties}. @knownissues -Melismata are not detected automatically, and extender lines must be -inserted by hand. +Extender lines under melismata are not created automatically; they +must be inserted manually with a double underscore. @node Skipping notes @unnumberedsubsubsec Skipping notes -- 2.39.2