From 4e7dece67d13505f57ba2b40aeccee5710ffdc97 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Trevor Daniels Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2010 11:19:41 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Doc: NR 2.1 Vocal: Review Chants psalms and hymns - mainly deal with comments from Graham by replacing references with specific @lilypond examples --- Documentation/notation/vocal.itely | 240 +++++++++++++++++++++++------ 1 file changed, 192 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely b/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely index e93e52e4da..c7e2d588a4 100644 --- a/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely +++ b/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely @@ -1721,65 +1721,199 @@ which arise are broadly similar, and are covered in this section. Typesetting Gregorian chant in various styles of ancient notation is described in @ref{Ancient notation}. +@seealso +Notation reference: +@ref{Ancient notation}. + + +@node Setting a chant +@unnumberedsubsubsec Setting a chant + Modern chant settings use modern notation with varying numbers of elements taken from ancient notation. Some of the elements and -methods to consider are these: - -@itemize +methods to consider are shown here. -@item Chants often use quarter notes without stems to indicate the pitch, -with the rhythm being taken from the spoken rhythm of the words. To -remove the stem set the @code{transparent} property of the -@code{Stem} grob to @code{#t}. See -@rlearning{Visibility and color of objects} and -@ref{Visibility of objects}. An alternative is set the -@code{length} property to @code{0}. +with the rhythm being taken from the spoken rhythm of the words. -@item -Chants usually omit the bar lines or use shortened or dotted bar -lines to indicate pauses in the music. To omit bar lines -completely use @code{\cadenzaOn} or remove the @code{Bar_engraver}. -See @ref{Unmetered music} and @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}. +@lilypond[verbatim,quote] +stemOff = { \override Staff.Stem #'transparent = ##t } -@item -To use modified bar lines see the @emph{Bar lines} section in -@ref{Bars}. Alternatively, the correct Gregorian chant notation -for pauses or rests in the music are described in @emph{Divisiones} -in @ref{Typesetting Gregorian chant}. +\relative c' { + \stemOff + a'4 b c2 | +} -@item -Chants usually omit the time signature and often omit the clef too. -To omit these remove the @code{Time_signature_engraver} and -@code{Clef_engraver} from the @code{Staff} context respectively. -For details, see @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}. +@end lilypond -@end itemize +Chants often omit the bar lines or use shortened or dotted bar +lines to indicate pauses in the music. To omit all bar lines from +all staves remove the bar line engraver completely: -@seealso -Learning Manual: -@rlearning{Visibility and color of objects}. +@lilypond[verbatim,quote] +\score { + \new StaffGroup << + \new Staff { + \relative c'' { + a4 b c2 | + a4 b c2 | + a4 b c2 | + } + } + \new Staff { + \relative c'' { + a4 b c2 | + a4 b c2 | + a4 b c2 | + } + } + >> + \layout { + \context { + \Staff + \remove Bar_engraver + } + } +} +@end lilypond -Notation reference: -@ref{Ancient notation}, -@ref{Visibility of objects}, -@ref{Bars}, -@ref{Unmetered music}, -@ref{Modifying context plug-ins}, -@ref{Typesetting Gregorian chant}. +Bar lines can also be removed on a staff-by-staff basis: -@node Setting a chant -@unnumberedsubsubsec Setting a chant +@lilypond[verbatim, quote] +\score { + \new ChoirStaff << + \new Staff + \with { \remove Bar_engraver } { + \relative c'' { + a4 b c2 | + a4 b c2 | + a4 b c2 | + } + } + \new Staff { + \relative c'' { + a4 b c2 | + a4 b c2 | + a4 b c2 | + } + } + >> +} +@end lilypond + +To remove bar lines from just a section of music treat it as a +cadenza. If the section is long you may need to insert dummy +barlines with @code{\bar ""} to show where the line should break. + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] +a4 b c2 | +\cadenzaOn +a4 b c2 +a4 b c2 +\bar "" +a4 b c2 +a4 b c2 +\cadenzaOff +a4 b c2 | +a4 b c2 | +@end lilypond + +Rests or pauses in chants can be indicated by modified bar lines. + +@lilypond[verbatim, quote,relative=2] +a4 +\cadenzaOn +b c2 +a4 b c2 +\bar "'" +a4 b c2 +a4 b c2 +\bar ":" +a4 b c2 +\bar "dashed" +a4 b c2 +\bar "||" +@end lilypond + +Alternatively, the notation used in Gregorian chant for pauses or +rests is sometimes used even though the rest of the notation is +modern. This uses a modified @code{\breathe} mark: + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote] +divisioMinima = { + \once \override BreathingSign #'stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::divisio-minima + \once \override BreathingSign #'Y-offset = #0 + \breathe +} +divisioMaior = { + \once \override BreathingSign #'stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::divisio-maior + \once \override BreathingSign #'Y-offset = #0 + \breathe +} +divisioMaxima = { + \once \override BreathingSign #'stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::divisio-maxima + \once \override BreathingSign #'Y-offset = #0 + \breathe +} +finalis = { + \once \override BreathingSign #'stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::finalis + \once \override BreathingSign #'Y-offset = #0 + \breathe +} + +\score { + \relative c'' { + g2 a4 g + \divisioMinima + g2 a4 g + \divisioMaior + g2 a4 g + \divisioMaxima + g2 a4 g + \finalis + } + \layout { + \context { + \Staff + \remove Bar_engraver + } + } +} +@end lilypond -Chants in the Anglican tradition are usually either single, with 7 -bars of music, or double, with two lots of 7 bars. Each group of 7 -bars is divided into two halves, corresponding to the two halves of -each verse, usually separated by a double bar line. Only whole and -half notes are used. The 1st bar in each half always contains a -single chord of whole notes. This is the @qq{reciting note}. +Chants usually omit the time signature and often omit the clef too. -Some approaches to setting a chant are shown in the following -snippets. +@lilypond[verbatim,quote] +\score { + \new Staff { + \relative c'' { + a4 b c2 | + a4 b c2 | + a4 b c2 | + } + } + \layout { + \context { + \Staff + \remove Bar_engraver + \remove Time_signature_engraver + \remove Clef_engraver + } + } +} +@end lilypond + +Chants for psalms in the Anglican tradition are usually either +@emph{single}, with 7 bars of music, or @emph{double}, with two lots +of 7 bars. Each group of 7 bars is divided into two halves, +corresponding to the two halves of each verse, usually separated by +a double bar line. Only whole and half notes are used. The 1st bar +in each half always contains a single chord of whole notes. This is +the @qq{reciting note}. + +Some approaches to setting such a chant are shown in the first of +the following snippets, and another example can be seen in the +templates, see @qq{Psalms} in @rlearning{Vocal ensembles}. @snippets @@ -1788,14 +1922,24 @@ snippets. Canticles and other liturgical texts may be set more freely, and may use notational elements from ancient music. Often the words -are shown underneath and aligned with the notes. +are shown underneath and aligned with the notes. If so, the notes +are spaced in accordance with the syllables rather than the notes' +durations. @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle] {ancient-notation-template----modern-transcription-of-gregorian-music.ly} @seealso +Learning Manual: +@rlearning{Visibility and color of objects}. + Notation Reference: -@ref{Typesetting Gregorian chant}. +@ref{Ancient notation}, +@ref{Bar lines}, +@ref{Modifying context plug-ins}, +@ref{Typesetting Gregorian chant}, +@ref{Unmetered music}, +@ref{Visibility of objects}. @node Pointing a psalm -- 2.39.2