@cindex dynamics
@cindex dynamics, absolute
@funindex \ppppp
+@funindex ppppp
@funindex \pppp
+@funindex pppp
@funindex \ppp
+@funindex ppp
@funindex \pp
+@funindex pp
@funindex \p
+@funindex p
@funindex \mp
+@funindex mp
@funindex \mf
+@funindex mf
@funindex \f
+@funindex f
@funindex \ff
+@funindex ff
@funindex \fff
+@funindex fff
@funindex \ffff
+@funindex ffff
@funindex \fp
+@funindex fp
@funindex \sf
+@funindex sf
@funindex \sff
+@funindex sff
@funindex \sp
+@funindex sp
@funindex \spp
+@funindex spp
@funindex \sfz
+@funindex sfz
@funindex \rfz
+@funindex rfz
Absolute dynamic marks are specified using a command after a note,
such as @code{c4\ff}. The available dynamic marks are
@end lilypond
@cindex hairpin
+@cindex crescendo
+@cindex decrescendo
@funindex \<
@funindex \>
@funindex \!
Spacer rests are needed to engrave multiple marks on one note.
+@cindex multiple dynamic marks on one note
+@cindex dynamic marks, multiple on one note
+
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c4\< c\! d\> e\!
<< f1 { s4 s4\< s4\> s4\! } >>
@end lilypond
@cindex espressivo articulation
+@funindex \espressivo
+@funindex espressivo
In some situations the @code{\espressivo} articulation mark may be
the appropriate choice to indicate a crescendo and decrescendo on
@cindex crescendo
@cindex decrescendo
@cindex diminuendo
+@funindex \crescTextCresc
+@funindex crescTextCresc
+@funindex \dimTextDecresc
+@funindex dimTextDecresc
+@funindex \dimTextDecr
+@funindex dimTextDecr
+@funindex \dimTextDim
+@funindex dimTextDim
+@funindex \crescHairpin
+@funindex crescHairpin
+@funindex \dimHairpin
+@funindex dimHairpin
Crescendos and decrescendos can be engraved as textual markings
instead of hairpins. Dashed lines are printed to indicate their
e2\> d\!
@end lilypond
+
To create new absolute dynamic marks or text that should be
aligned with dynamics, see @ref{New dynamic marks}.
+@cindex dynamics, vertical positioning
+@cindex vertical positioning of dynamics
+@funindex DynamicLineSpanner
+
Vertical positioning of dynamics is handled by
@rinternals{DynamicLineSpanner}.
@predefined
@funindex \dynamicUp
+@funindex dynamicUp
@code{\dynamicUp},
@funindex \dynamicDown
+@funindex dynamicDown
@code{\dynamicDown},
@funindex \dynamicNeutral
+@funindex dynamicNeutral
@code{\dynamicNeutral},
@funindex \crescTextCresc
+@funindex crescTextCresc
@code{\crescTextCresc},
@funindex \dimTextDim
+@funindex dimTextDim
@code{\dimTextDim},
@funindex \dimTextDecr
+@funindex dimTextDecr
@code{\dimTextDecr},
@funindex \dimTextDecresc
+@funindex dimTextDecresc
@code{\dimTextDecresc},
@funindex \crescHairpin
+@funindex crescHairpin
@code{\crescHairpin},
@funindex \dimHairpin
+@funindex dimHairpin
@code{\dimHairpin}.
@cindex dynamics, editorial
@cindex dynamics, parenthesis
+@cindex editorial dynamics
+@funindex \bracket
+@funindex bracket
+@funindex \dynamic
+@funindex dynamic
In markup mode, editorial dynamics (within parentheses or square
brackets) can be created. The syntax for markup mode is described
@end lilypond
@cindex make-dynamic-script
+@funindex make-dynamic-script
Simple, centered dynamic marks are easily created with the
@code{make-dynamic-script} function. The dynamic font only
<c e>2( <b d>2)
@end lilypond
+@cindex slurs, manual placement
+@cindex slurs, below notes
+@cindex slurs, above notes
+@funindex \slurDown
+@funindex slurDown
+@funindex \slurNeutral
+@funindex slurNeutral
+
Slurs may be manually placed above or below the notes, see
@ref{Direction and placement}.
c2( d)
@end lilypond
+@cindex phrasing slur
+@cindex multiple slurs
+@cindex simultaneous slurs
+@cindex slur, phrasing
+@cindex slurs, multiple
+@cindex slurs, simultaneous
+
Phrasing slurs must be used to print more than one slur at once.
For details, see @ref{Phrasing slurs}.
+@cindex slur style
+@cindex slur, solid
+@cindex slur, dotted
+@cindex slur, dashed
+@cindex solid slur
+@cindex dotted slur
+@cindex dashed slur
+@cindex sytle, slur
+@funindex \slurDashed
+@funindex slurDashed
+@funindex \slurDotted
+@funindex slurDotted
+@funindex \slurSolid
+@funindex slurSolid
+
Slurs can be solid, dotted, or dashed. Solid is the default slur
style:
@cindex phrasing slurs
@cindex phrasing marks
+@cindex slur, phrasing
+@cindex mark, phrasing
@funindex \(
@funindex \)
e2) d\)
@end lilypond
+@funindex \phrasingSlurUp
+@funindex phrasingSlurUp
+@funindex \phrasingSlurDown
+@funindex phrasingSlurDown
+@funindex \phrasingSlurNeutral
+@funindex phrasingSlurNeutral
+
Typographically, a phrasing slur behaves almost exactly like a
normal slur. However, they are treated as different objects; a
@code{\slurUp} will have no effect on a phrasing slur. Phrasing
c4\( g' c,( b) | c1\)
@end lilypond
+@cindex simultaneous phrasing slurs
+@cindex multiple phrasing slurs
+@cindex slurs, simultaneous phrasing
+@cindex slurs, multiple phrasing
+@cindex phrasing slurs, simultaneous
+@cindex phrasing slurs, multiple
+
Simultaneous phrasing slurs are not permitted.
@predefined
-@funindex \phrasingSlurUp
@code{\phrasingSlurUp},
-@funindex \phrasingSlurDown
@code{\phrasingSlurDown},
-@funindex \phrasingSlurNeutral
@code{\phrasingSlurNeutral}.
@cindex breath marks
@funindex \breathe
+@funindex breathe
Breath marks are entered using @code{\breathe}:
@cindex falls
@cindex doits
@funindex \bendAfter
+@funindex bendAfter
@notation{Falls} and @notation{doits} can be added to notes using
the @code{\bendAfter} command. The direction of the fall or doit
@cindex glissando
@funindex \glissando
+@funindex glissando
A @notation{glissando} is created by attaching @code{\glissando}
to a note:
@cindex arpeggio
@cindex broken chord
@cindex chord, broken
+@funindex \arpeggio
+@funindex arpeggio
+@funindex \arpeggioArrowUp
+@funindex arpeggioArrowUp
+@funindex \arpeggioArrowDown
+@funindex arpeggioArrowDown
+@funindex \arpeggioNormal
+@funindex arpeggioNormal
An @notation{arpeggio} on a chord (also known as a broken chord)
is denoted by appending @code{\arpeggio} to the chord construct:
<c e g c>2\arpeggio
@end lilypond
+@cindex arpeggio symbols, special
+@cindex special arpeggio symbols
+@funindex \arpeggioBracket
+@funindex arpeggioBracket
+@funindex \arpeggioParenthesis
+@funindex arpeggioParenthesis
+
Special @emph{bracketed} arpeggio symbols can be created:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
@predefined
-@funindex \arpeggio
@code{\arpeggio},
-@funindex \arpeggioArrowUp
@code{\arpeggioArrowUp},
-@funindex \arpeggioArrowDown
@code{\arpeggioArrowDown},
-@funindex \arpeggioNormal
@code{\arpeggioNormal},
-@funindex \arpeggioBracket
@code{\arpeggioBracket},
-@funindex \arpeggioParenthesis
@code{\arpeggioParenthesis}.
@knownissues
+@cindex cross-staff parenthesis-style arpeggio
+@cindex arpeggio, parenthesis-style, cross-staff
+@cindex arpeggio, cross-staff parenthesis-style
+
It is not possible to mix connected arpeggios and unconnected
arpeggios in one @code{PianoStaff} at the same point in
time.
@cindex trills
@funindex \trill
+@funindex trill
+@funindex \startTrillSpan
+@funindex startTrillSpan
+@funindex \stopTrillSpan
+@funindex stopTrillSpan
Short @notation{trills} without an extender line are printed with
@code{\trill}; see @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}.
@cindex pitched trills
@cindex trills, pitched
+@funindex \pitchedTrill
+@funindex pitchedTrill
Trills that require an auxiliary note with an explicit pitch can
be typeset with the @code{\pitchedTrill} command. The first
d\stopTrillSpan
@end lilypond
+@cindex pitched trill with forced accidental
+@cindex trill, pitched with forced accidental
+@cindex accidental, forced for pitched trill
+
In the following example, the second pitched trill is ambiguous;
the accidental of the trilled note is not printed. As a
workaround, the accidentals of the trilled notes can be forced.
@predefined
-@funindex \startTrillSpan
@code{\startTrillSpan},
-@funindex \stopTrillSpan
@code{\stopTrillSpan}.
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{TrillSpanner}.
+