@section Fretted string instruments
This section discusses several aspects of music notation that are unique
-to fretted-string instruments.
+to fretted string instruments.
@cindex tablature
@cindex guitar tablature
@subsection Common notation for fretted strings
This section discusses common notation that is unique
-to fretted-string instruments.
+to fretted string instruments.
@menu
* References for fretted strings::
@node References for fretted strings
@subsubsection References for fretted strings
-Music for fretted-string instruments is normally notated on
+Music for fretted string instruments is normally notated on
a single staff, either in traditional music notation or in
tablature. Sometimes the two types are combined, and it is
especially common in popular music to use chord diagrams above
-a staff of traditional notation. Some other elements pertinent
-to fretted-string instruments are covered elsewhere:
+a staff of traditional notation. The guitar and the banjo are
+transposing instruments, sounding an octave lower than written.
+Scores for these instruments should use the @code{"treble_8"} clef.
+Some other elements pertinent to fretted string instruments
+are covered elsewhere:
@itemize
@item Fingerings are indicated with @ref{Fingering instructions}.
@warning{String numbers @strong{must} be defined inside a chord
construct even if there is only a single note.}
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=0]
+\clef "treble_8"
<c\5>4 <e\4> <g\3>2
<c,\5 e\4 g\3>1
@end lilypond
placement is controlled by the order in which the two items appear
in the code:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\clef "treble_8"
<g\3-0>2
<g-0\3>
@end lilypond
@snippets
+
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly}
@seealso
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
-
Notation Reference:
@ref{Fingering instructions}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
+
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{StringNumber},
@rinternals{Fingering}.
-
@node Default tablatures
@subsubsection Default tablatures
@cindex Tablatures, basic
@cindex fret
-When no string is specified for a note, the note is assigned to the lowest string
-that can generate the note with a fret number greater than or equal to
-@code{minimumFret} is selected. The default value for @code{minimumFret} is 0.
+When no string is specified for a note, the note is assigned to
+the lowest string that can generate the note with a fret number
+greater than or equal to @code{minimumFret} is selected. The
+default value for @code{minimumFret} is 0.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
\new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff \relative c' {
+ \new Staff \relative c {
+ \clef "treble_8"
c16 d e f g4
c,16 d e f g4
}
}
@end lilypond
-@seealso
+Polyphony is created the same way in a @code{TabStaff} as in a
+regular staff.
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+upper = \relative c' {
+ \time 12/8
+ \key e \minor
+ \voiceOne
+ r4. r8 e, fis g16 b g e e' b c b a g fis e
+}
+
+lower = \relative c {
+ \key e \minor
+ \voiceTwo
+ r16 e d c b a g4 fis8 e fis g a b c
+}
+
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new StaffGroup = "tab with traditional" <<
+ \new Staff = "guitar traditional" <<
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ \context Voice = "upper" \upper
+ \context Voice = "lower" \lower
+ >>
+ \new TabStaff = "guitar tab" <<
+ \context TabVoice = "upper" \upper
+ \context TabVoice = "lower" \lower
+ >>
+ >>
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Stems}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
+
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{TabNoteHead},
@rinternals{TabStaff},
@knownissues
Chords are not handled in a special way, and hence the automatic
-string selector may easily select the same string for two notes in a
-chord.
+string selector may easily select the same string for two notes in
+a chord.
In order to handle @code{\partcombine}, a @code{TabStaff} must use
specially-created voices:
@subsubsection Custom tablatures
@cindex Tablatures, custom
-You can change the tuning of the strings. A string tuning is given as
-a Scheme list with one integer number for each string, the number
-being the pitch (measured in semitones relative to middle C) of an
-open string. The numbers specified for @code{stringTunings} are the
-numbers of semitones to subtract or add, starting the specified pitch
-by default middle C, in string order. LilyPond automatically calculates
-the number of strings by looking at @code{stringTunings}.
+You can change the tuning of the strings. A string tuning is
+given as a Scheme list with one integer number for each string,
+the number being the pitch (measured in semitones relative to
+middle C) of an open string. The numbers specified for
+@code{stringTunings} are the numbers of semitones to subtract or
+add, starting the specified pitch by default middle C, in string
+order. LilyPond automatically calculates the number of strings by
+looking at @code{stringTunings}.
-In the next example,
-@code{stringTunings} is set for the pitches e, a, d, and g
+In the next example, @code{stringTunings} is set for the pitches
+e, a, d, and g.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
\new TabStaff <<
>>
@end lilypond
-LilyPond comes with predefined string tunings for banjo, mandolin, guitar
-and bass guitar.
+LilyPond comes with predefined string tunings for banjo, mandolin,
+guitar and bass guitar.
@example
\set TabStaff.stringTunings = #bass-tuning
@end example
-The default string tuning is @code{guitar-tuning} (the standard EADGBE
-tuning).
-Some other predefined tunings are @code{guitar-open-g-tuning},
-@code{mandolin-tuning} and @code{banjo-open-g-tuning}.
+The default string tuning is @code{guitar-tuning} (the standard
+EADGBE tuning). Some other predefined tunings are
+@code{guitar-open-g-tuning}, @code{mandolin-tuning} and
+@code{banjo-open-g-tuning}.
@seealso
The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains the predefined string
tunings.
+
Internals Reference: @rinternals{Tab_note_heads_engraver}.
@knownissues
@cindex fret diagrams
@cindex chord diagrams
-Fret diagrams can be added to music as a markup to the desired note.
-The markup contains information about the desired fret diagram.
-There are three different fret-diagram markup interfaces: standard, terse,
-and verbose. The three interfaces produce equivalent markups, but have
-varying amounts of information in the markup string. Details about the
-markup interfaces are found at @ref{Text markup commands}.
-
-The following example shows the three fret-diagram markup interfaces,
-along with examples of common tweaks. For example, the size of the verbose
-fret diagram is reduced to 0.75, and the finger indications are specified
-to appear below the diagram. The terse diagram includes tweaks to
-specify placement of finger code and color of dots.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
+Fret diagrams can be added to music as a markup to the desired
+note. The markup contains information about the desired fret
+diagram. There are three different fret-diagram markup
+interfaces: standard, terse, and verbose. The three interfaces
+produce equivalent markups, but have varying amounts of
+information in the markup string. Details about the markup
+interfaces are found at @ref{Text markup commands}.
+
+The following example shows the three fret-diagram markup
+interfaces, along with examples of common tweaks. For example,
+the size of the verbose fret diagram is reduced to 0.75, and the
+finger indications are specified to appear below the diagram. The
+terse diagram includes tweaks to specify placement of finger code
+and color of dots.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
\new Voice {
- d'^\markup \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-2;"
- d' d' d'
- fis'^\markup \override #'(size . 0.75) {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ d^\markup \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-2;"
+ d d d
+ fis^\markup \override #'(size . 0.75) {
\override #'(finger-code . below-string) {
\fret-diagram-verbose #'((place-fret 6 2 1) (barre 6 1 2)
(place-fret 5 4 3)
(place-fret 1 2 1))
}
}
- fis' fis' fis'
- c'^\markup \override #'(dot-radius . 0.35) {
+ fis fis fis
+ c^\markup \override #'(dot-radius . 0.35) {
\override #'(finger-code . in-dot) {
\override #'(dot-color . white) {
\fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-);"
}
}
}
- c' c' c'
+ c c c
}
@end lilypond
Snippets:
@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
-@node Right hand fingerings
-@subsubsection Right hand fingerings
+@node Right-hand fingerings
+@subsubsection Right-hand fingerings
-Right-hand fingerings @var{p-i-m-a} must be entered within a
-@code{<>} chord construct for it to be printed in the score,
-even when applied to a single note. There must be a hyphen
-after the note and a space before the closing @code{>}.
+Right-hand fingerings @var{p-i-m-a} must be entered within a
+chord construct @code{<>} for them to be printed in the score,
+even when applied to a single note.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+@warning{There @strong{must} be a hyphen after the note and a space
+before the closing @code{>}.}
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=0]
+{
+ \clef "treble_8"
<c-\rightHandFinger #1 >4
<e-\rightHandFinger #2 >
<g-\rightHandFinger #3 >
You may exercise greater control over the placement of right-hand
fingerings by setting @code{strokeFingerOrientations},
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=0]
#(define RH rightHandFinger)
{
+ \clef "treble_8"
\set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up down)
<c-\RH #1 e-\RH #2 g-\RH #3 c-\RH #4 > 4
\set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up right down)
}
@end lilypond
-The letters used for the fingerings are contained in the property
-@code{digit-names}, but they can also be set individually by supplying
-@code{\rightHandFinger} with a string argument, as in the following example
-
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
-#(define RH rightHandFinger)
-{
- \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(right)
- \override StrokeFinger #'digit-names = ##("x" "y" "z" "!" "@")
- <c-\RH #5 >4
- <c-\RH "@">4
- <c-\RH #2 >4
- <c-\RH "z">4
-}
-@end lilypond
-
This example combines left-hand fingering, string indication, and
right-hand fingering
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=0]
#(define RH rightHandFinger)
-\relative c' {
+{
+ \clef "treble_8"
<c-3\5-\RH #1 >4
<e-2\4-\RH #2 >
<g-0\3-\RH #3 >
@menu
* Guitar tablatures::
* Indicating position and barring::
+* Indicating harmonics and dampened notes::
@end menu
@node Guitar tablatures
barring indications.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=0]
-\clef "G_8"
-b16 d16 g16 b16 e16
+\clef "treble_8"
+b16 d g b e
\textSpannerDown
\override TextSpanner #'bound-details #'left #'text = #"XII "
g16\startTextSpan
- b16 e16 g16 e16 b16 g16\stopTextSpan
-e16 b16 g16 d16
+ b16 e g e b g\stopTextSpan
+e16 b g d
@end lilypond
+@node Indicating harmonics and dampened notes
+@subsubsection Indicating harmonics and dampened notes
+
+Special note heads can be used to indicate dampened notes or
+harmonics. Harmonics are normally further explained with a
+text markup.
-Stopped (X) note heads are used in guitar music to signal a place where the
-guitarist must play a certain note or chord, with its fingers just
-touching the strings instead of fully pressing them. This gives the sound a
-percussive noise-like sound that still maintains part of the original
-pitch. It is notated with cross note heads; this is
-demonstrated in @ref{Special note heads}.
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
+\relative c' {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ \override Staff.NoteHead #'style = #'cross
+ g8 a b c b4
+ \override Staff.NoteHead #'style = #'harmonic-mixed
+ d^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
+}
+@end lilypond
@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Special note heads},
+@ref{Note head styles}.
+
@node Banjo
@subsection Banjo
@subsubsection Banjo tablatures
@cindex Banjo tablatures
-LilyPond has basic support for five stringed banjo. When making tablatures
-for five stringed banjo, use the banjo tablature format function to get
-correct
-fret numbers for the fifth string:
+LilyPond has basic support for the five-string banjo. When making tablatures
+for five-string banjo, use the banjo tablature format function to get
+correct fret numbers for the fifth string:
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
\new TabStaff <<
projects / lilypond.git / commitdiff