@c Translators: Griechisch Erika, Harmath Dénes
@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
-@c \version "2.19.2"
+@c \version "2.19.21"
@node Alapfogalmak
@chapter Alapfogalmak
@translationof Fundamental concepts
parancsokat. A következő bemenet például:
@example
-\relative c'' @{
- c4 a d c
+\relative @{
+ c''4 a d c
@}
@end example
\score @{
\new Staff @{
\new Voice @{
- \relative c'' @{
- c4 a b c
+ \relative @{
+ c''4 a b c
@}
@}
@}
a módszert használjuk:
@example
-dallam = \relative c' @{
- c4 a b c
+dallam = \relative @{
+ c'4 a b c
@}
\score @{
kontextus belsejébe beleírni, hogy:
@example
-\relative c'' @{
- r4 d8\noBeam g, c4 r
+\relative @{
+ r4 d''8\noBeam g, c4 r
@}
@end example
basszuskulccsal láttuk el a balkezet, kész egy valódi mű kezdete:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
-dallam = \relative c'' { r4 d8\noBeam g, c4 r }
+dallam = \relative { r4 d''8\noBeam g, c4 r }
dalszöveg = \lyricmode { Szólt az Úr, }
-jobbkéz = \relative c'' { <g d g,>2~ <g d g,> }
-balkéz = \relative c { b2 e2 }
+jobbkéz = \relative { <g' d g,>2~ <g d g,> }
+balkéz = \relative { b,2 e2 }
\score {
<<
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\new Staff {
- \relative g' {
- r4 g8 g c4 c8 d |
+ \relative {
+ r4 g'8 g c4 c8 d |
e4 r8
<<
{ f c c }
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\new Staff = "main" {
- \relative g' {
- r4 g8 g c4 c8 d |
+ \relative {
+ r4 g'8 g c4 c8 d |
e4 r8
<<
{ f c c }
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment]
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
% Fő hang
- c16 d e f
+ c'16 d e f
% 1. szólam 2. szólam 3. szólam
<< { g4 f e } \\ { r8 e4 d c8~ } >>
<< { d2 e2 } \\ { c8 b16 a b8 g~ g2 } \\ { s4 b4 c2 } >>
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
% Fő szólam
- c16 d e f
+ c'16 d e f
<< % 1. ütem
{
\voiceOneStyle
@c The following should appear as music without code
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\new Staff \relative c'' {
+\new Staff \relative {
\key aes \major
<< % 1. szólam
- { c2 aes4. bes8 }
+ { c''2 aes4. bes8 }
\\ % 2. szólam
{ aes2 f4 fes }
\\ % Nincs 3. szólam
Gépeljük be a három szólam első ütemét:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,ragged-right]
-\new Staff \relative c'' {
+\new Staff \relative {
\key aes \major
<<
- { c2 aes4. bes8 } \\ { aes2 f4 fes } \\ { <ees c>2 des2 }
+ { c''2 aes4. bes8 } \\ { aes2 f4 fes } \\ { <ees c>2 des2 }
>>
<c ees aes c>1
}
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,ragged-right]
-\new Staff \relative c'' {
+\new Staff \relative {
\key aes \major
<< % 1. szólam
- { c2 aes4. bes8 }
+ { c''2 aes4. bes8 }
\\ % 2. szólam
{ aes2 f4 fes }
\\ % 3. szólam - elhagyjuk
@example
\new Staff @{
- \relative c' @{
- << @{ e4 f g a @} \\ @{ c,4 d e f @} >>
+ \relative @{
+ << @{ e'4 f g a @} \\ @{ c,4 d e f @} >>
@}
@}
@end example
@example
\new Staff <<
- \new Voice = "1" @{ \voiceOne \relative c' @{ e4 f g a @} @}
- \new Voice = "2" @{ \voiceTwo \relative c' @{ c4 d e f @} @}
+ \new Voice = "1" @{ \voiceOne \relative @{ e'4 f g a @} @}
+ \new Voice = "2" @{ \voiceTwo \relative @{ c'4 d e f @} @}
>>
@end example
@c The following example should not display the code
@lilypond[ragged-right,quote]
\new Staff <<
- \new Voice = "1" { \voiceOne \relative c' { e4 f g a } }
- \new Voice = "2" { \voiceTwo \relative c' { c4 d e f } }
+ \new Voice = "1" { \voiceOne \relative { e'4 f g a } }
+ \new Voice = "2" { \voiceTwo \relative { c'4 d e f } }
>>
@end lilypond
Létrehozhatunk többszörösen beágyazott polifón szerkezetet is, és ha a szólamok rövidek, az alábbi módon természetesebbnek tűnik a leírásuk:
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' {
- c16^( d e f
+\new Staff \relative {
+ c'16^( d e f
<<
{ g4 f e | d2 e2) | }
\new Voice {
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
global = { \time 6/8 \partial 8 \key f \major}
-SopOneMusic = \relative c'' {
- c8 | c([ bes)] a a([ g)] f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4 | }
-SopTwoMusic = \relative c' {
- r8 | r4. r4 c8 | a'([ g)] f f([ e)] d | e([ d)] c bes' | }
+SopOneMusic = \relative {
+ c''8 | c([ bes)] a a([ g)] f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4 | }
+SopTwoMusic = \relative {
+ r8 | r4. r4 c'8 | a'([ g)] f f([ e)] d | e([ d)] c bes' | }
SopOneLyrics = \lyricmode {
Let | flee -- cy flocks the | hills a -- dorn, __ | }
SopTwoLyrics = \lyricmode {
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
TimeKey = { \time 4/4 \partial 4 \key c \major}
-SopMusic = \relative c' { c4 | e4. e8 g4 g | a a g | }
-AltoMusic = \relative c' { c4 | c4. c8 e4 e | f f e | }
-TenorMusic = \relative c { e4 | g4. g8 c4. b8 | a8 b c d e4 | }
-BassMusic = \relative c { c4 | c4. c8 c4 c | f8 g a b c4 | }
+SopMusic = \relative { c'4 | e4. e8 g4 g | a a g | }
+AltoMusic = \relative { c'4 | c4. c8 e4 e | f f e | }
+TenorMusic = \relative { e4 | g4. g8 c4. b8 | a8 b c d e4 | }
+BassMusic = \relative { c4 | c4. c8 c4 c | f8 g a b c4 | }
VerseOne = \lyricmode {
E -- | ter -- nal fa -- ther, | strong to save, | }
VerseTwo = \lyricmode {
tehát szükség lesz hegyes zárójelre a @code{\new Voice} és @code{\new Lyrics} esetén, hogy egy időben kezdődjenek:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-versszakhangok = \relative c'' {
+versszakhangok = \relative {
\clef "treble"
\key g \major
\time 3/4
- g g g | b b b |
+ g' g g | b b b |
}
szoveg = \lyricmode {
párhuzamos részt:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim, ragged-right]
-versszakhangok = \relative c'' {
+versszakhangok = \relative {
\clef "treble"
\key g \major
\time 3/4
- g g g | b b b |
+ g' g g | b b b |
}
-refrenhangokA = \relative c'' {
+refrenhangokA = \relative {
\time 2/4
- c c | g g \bar "|."
+ c'' c | g g \bar "|."
}
-refrenhangokB = \relative c {
+refrenhangokB = \relative {
\clef "bass"
\key g \major
c e | d d |
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-versenotes = \relative c'' {
+versenotes = \relative {
\clef "treble"
\key g \major
\time 3/4
- g g g | b b b |
+ g' g g | b b b |
}
-refrainnotesA = \relative c'' {
+refrainnotesA = \relative {
\time 2/4
- c c | g g \bar "|."
+ c'' c | g g \bar "|."
}
-refrainnotesB = \relative c {
+refrainnotesB = \relative {
\clef "bass"
\key g \major
c e | d d |
\key g \minor
\clef "treble"
\new Voice { % create voice for RH notes
- \relative c'' { % start of RH notes
- d4 ees16 c8.
+ \relative { % start of RH notes
+ d''4 ees16 c8.
d4 ees16 c8.
} % end of RH notes
} % end of RH voice
\clef "bass"
\new Voice { % create LH voice one
\voiceOne
- \relative g { % start of LH voice one notes
+ \relative { % start of LH voice one notes
g8 <bes d> ees, <g c>
g8 <bes d> ees, <g c>
} % end of LH voice one notes
} % end of LH voice one
\new Voice { % create LH voice two
\voiceTwo
- \relative g { % start of LH voice two notes
+ \relative { % start of LH voice two notes
g4 ees
g4 ees
} % end of LH voice two notes
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
<<
- \new Staff \relative c'' {
- ais4 aes
+ \new Staff \relative {
+ ais'4 aes
}
\new Staff \relative c'' {
\set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
<<
- \new Staff \relative c'' {
- ais4 aes
+ \new Staff \relative {
+ ais'4 aes
}
\new Staff \relative c'' {
\set Score.extraNatural = ##f
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
<<
\new Staff
- \relative c'' {
- gis ges aes ais
+ \relative {
+ gis' ges aes ais
}
\new Staff \with { extraNatural = ##f }
- \relative c'' {
- gis ges aes ais
+ \relative {
+ gis' ges aes ais
}
>>
@end lilypond
\score {
\new Score \with { extraNatural = ##f } <<
\new Staff {
- \relative c'' {
- gis ges aes ais
+ \relative {
+ gis' ges aes ais
}
}
\new Staff {
- \relative c'' {
- gis ges aes ais
+ \relative {
+ gis' ges aes ais
}
}
>>
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\score {
\new Staff {
- \relative c'' {
- cis4 e d ces
+ \relative {
+ cis''4 e d ces
}
}
\layout {
\new Staff \with {
\remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
}
-\relative c' {
- c4
+\relative {
+ c'4
\set fontSize = #-4 % make note heads smaller
d e
\set fontSize = #2.5 % make note heads larger
\score {
<<
\new Staff <<
- \relative c'' {
- c a b g
+ \relative {
+ c'' a b g
}
>>
\new Staff <<
- \relative c' {
- c a b g
+ \relative {
+ c' a b g
}
>>
\new Staff <<
\clef "G_8"
- \relative c' {
- c a b g
+ \relative {
+ c' a b g
}
>>
\new Staff <<
\clef "bass"
- \relative c {
+ \relative {
c a b g
}
>>
@example
\version @w{"@version{}"}
-melody = \relative c' @{
+melody = \relative @{
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
@example
\version @w{"@version{}"}
-melody = \relative c' @{
+melody = \relative @{
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
@example
\version @w{"@version{}"}
-sopranoMusic = \relative c' @{
+sopranoMusic = \relative @{
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
Aaa Bee Cee Dee
@}
-celloMusic = \relative c @{
+celloMusic = \relative @{
\clef bass
\key c \major
\time 4/4
easily fixed. Here's the complete soprano and cello template.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,addversion]
-sopranoMusic = \relative c' {
+sopranoMusic = \relative {
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}
-celloMusic = \relative c {
+celloMusic = \relative {
\clef bass
\key c \major
\time 4/4
@c The following should appear as music without code
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
global = { \key d \major \time 4/4 }
-sopranoMusic = \relative c'' {
+sopranoMusic = \relative {
\clef "treble"
- r4 d2 a4 | d4. d8 a2 | cis4 d cis2 |
+ r4 d''2 a4 | d4. d8 a2 | cis4 d cis2 |
}
sopranoWords = \lyricmode {
Wor -- thy is the lamb that was slain
}
-altoMusic = \relative a' {
+altoMusic = \relative {
\clef "treble"
- r4 a2 a4 | fis4. fis8 a2 | g4 fis e2 |
+ r4 a'2 a4 | fis4. fis8 a2 | g4 fis e2 |
}
altoWords = \sopranoWords
-tenorMusic = \relative c' {
+tenorMusic = \relative {
\clef "G_8"
- r4 fis2 e4 | d4. d8 d2 | e4 a, cis2 |
+ r4 fis'2 e4 | d4. d8 d2 | e4 a, cis2 |
}
tenorWords = \sopranoWords
-bassMusic = \relative c' {
+bassMusic = \relative {
\clef "bass"
- r4 d2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
+ r4 d'2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
}
bassWords = \sopranoWords
upper = \relative a' {
\key d \major
\time 4/4
}
-sopranoMusic = \relative c'' {
+sopranoMusic = \relative {
\clef "treble"
- r4 d2 a4 | d4. d8 a2 | cis4 d cis2 |
+ r4 d''2 a4 | d4. d8 a2 | cis4 d cis2 |
}
sopranoWords = \lyricmode {
Wor -- thy is the lamb that was slain
}
-altoMusic = \relative a' {
+altoMusic = \relative {
\clef "treble"
- r4 a2 a4 | fis4. fis8 a2 | g4 fis fis2 |
+ r4 a'2 a4 | fis4. fis8 a2 | g4 fis fis2 |
}
altoWords = \sopranoWords
-tenorMusic = \relative c' {
+tenorMusic = \relative {
\clef "G_8"
- r4 fis2 e4 | d4. d8 d2 | e4 a, cis2 |
+ r4 fis'2 e4 | d4. d8 d2 | e4 a, cis2 |
}
tenorWords = \sopranoWords
-bassMusic = \relative c' {
+bassMusic = \relative {
\clef "bass"
- r4 d2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
+ r4 d'2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
}
bassWords = \sopranoWords
upper = \relative a' {
\time 4/4
\key c \minor
}
-ManualOneVoiceOneMusic = \relative g' {
- g4 g f ees
+ManualOneVoiceOneMusic = \relative {
+ g'4 g f ees
d2 c2
}
-ManualOneVoiceTwoMusic = \relative c' {
- ees16 d ees8~ 16 f ees d c8 d~ d c~
+ManualOneVoiceTwoMusic = \relative {
+ ees'16 d ees8~ 16 f ees d c8 d~ d c~
c c4 b8 c8. g16 c b c d
}
-ManualTwoMusic = \relative c' {
- c16 b c8~ 16 b c g a8 g~ 16 g aes ees
+ManualTwoMusic = \relative {
+ c'16 b c8~ 16 b c g a8 g~ 16 g aes ees
f ees f d g aes g f ees d e8~ 8es16 f ees d
}
-PedalOrganMusic = \relative c {
+PedalOrganMusic = \relative {
r8 c16 d ees d ees8~ 16 a, b g c b c8
r16 g ees f g f g8 c,2
}
By this point, you've seen this kind of thing:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-hornNotes = \relative c'' { c4 b dis c }
+hornNotes = \relative { c''4 b dis c }
\score {
{
\hornNotes
You may even realize that this could be useful in minimalist music:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-fragmentA = \relative c'' { a4 a8. b16 }
-fragmentB = \relative c'' { a8. gis16 ees4 }
+fragmentA = \relative { a'4 a8. b16 }
+fragmentB = \relative { a'8. gis16 ees4 }
violin = \new Staff {
\fragmentA
\fragmentA
\once \override TextScript.padding = #padding
#})
-\relative c''' {
- c4^"piu mosso" b a b
+\relative {
+ c'''4^"piu mosso" b a b
\padText #1.8
c4^"piu mosso" d e f
\padText #2.6
of a horn/@/bassoon duo
@example
-hornNotes = \relative c @{
+hornNotes = \relative @{
\time 2/4
r4 f8 a cis4 f e d
@}
in the following output
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\transpose f c' \relative c {
+\transpose f c' \relative {
\time 2/4
r4 f8 a cis4 f e d
}
leading to
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\relative c <<
+\relative <<
\new Staff {
\time 2/4
R2*3