@node Repeats
@section Repeats
-@lilypondfile[ragged-right,line-width=16\cm,staffsize=16,quote]
-{repeats-headword.ly}
+@lilypondfile[quote]{repeats-headword.ly}
Repetition is a central concept in music, and multiple notations
-exist for repetitions. LilyPond supports the following kinds of repeats:
+exist for repetitions. LilyPond supports the following kinds of
+repeats:
@table @code
@item volta
The repeated music is not written out but enclosed between repeat bar
lines. If the repeat is at the beginning of a piece, a repeat bar
-line is only printed at the end. Alternative endings (volte) are
-printed left to right with brackets. This is the standard notation
-for repeats with alternatives.
+line is only printed at the endof the repeat. Alternative endings
+(volte) are printed left to right with brackets. This is the standard
+notation for repeats with alternatives.
@item unfold
The repeated music is fully written out, as many times as
@funindex \repeat
@node Normal repeats
-@subsubsection Normal repeats
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Normal repeats
The syntax for a normal repeat is
Normal repeats without alternate endings:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f }
c2 d
\repeat volta 2 { d4 e f g }
Normal repeats with alternate endings:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\repeat volta 2 { g4 f e d }
\alternative {
{ cis2 g' }
Repeats with upbeats can be entered in two ways:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
-\new Staff {
- \partial 4
- e |
- \repeat volta 4 { c2 d | e2 f | }
- \alternative {
- { g4 g g e }
- { a4 a a a | b2. }
- }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\partial 4
+e |
+\repeat volta 4 { c2 d | e2 f | }
+\alternative {
+ { g4 g g e }
+ { a4 a a a | b2. }
}
@end lilypond
@noindent
or
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
-\new Staff {
- \partial 4
- \repeat volta 4 { e4 | c2 d | e2 f | }
- \alternative {
- { \partial 4*3 g4 g g }
- { a4 a a a | b2. }
- }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\partial 4
+\repeat volta 4 { e4 | c2 d | e2 f | }
+\alternative {
+ { \partial 4*3 g4 g g }
+ { a4 a a a | b2. }
}
@end lilypond
Ties may be added to a second ending:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c1
-\repeat volta 2 {c4 d e f ~ }
+\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f ~ }
\alternative {
- {f2 d}
- {f2\repeatTie f,}
+ { f2 d }
+ { f2\repeatTie f, }
}
@end lilypond
double bar at the end of the previous line, use @code{\bar}. For more
information, see @ref{Bar lines}.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c4 c c c
\bar "||:" \break
\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f }
@node Manual repeat marks
-@subsubsection Manual repeat marks
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Manual repeat marks
@funindex repeatCommands
@warning{These methods are only used for displaying unusual repeat
-constructs. In most cases, repeats should be created using the
-standard @code{\\repeat} command or by printing the relevant bar
-lines. For more information, see @ref{Bar lines}.}
+constructs, and may produce unexpected behavior. In most cases,
+repeats should be created using the standard @code{\\repeat} command
+or by printing the relevant bar lines. For more information, see
+@ref{Bar lines}.}
The property @code{repeatCommands} can be used to control the
layout of repeats. Its value is a Scheme list of repeat commands.
@item start-repeat
Print a @code{|:} bar line.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c1
\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( start-repeat )
d4 e f g
@item end-repeat
Print a @code{:|} bar line:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c1
d4 e f g
\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( end-repeat )
c1
@end lilypond
-@item (volta @var{number})
-Create a new volta with the specified number:
+@item (volta @var{number}) ... (volta #f)
+Create a new volta with the specified number. The volta bracket must
+be explicitly terminated, or it will not be printed.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
f4 g a b
\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta "2" ) )
g4 a g a
-c1
-@end lilypond
-
-@item (volta #f)
-Stops a running volta bracket:
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
-c1
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta "2" ) )
-f4 g a b
\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta #f ) )
-a4 g f e
c1
@end lilypond
@snippets
+@ignore
@c FIXME: send these to Neil or Valentin to be added as snippets,
@c delete them.
+@c FIXME: will do, rp.
Manual control of the volte, including a @code{|:} bar line at the
beginning and explicit volta numbers:
In order to print a @code{|:} bar line at the beginning of a piece,
the @code{BreakAlignment} property must be overridden:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\once \override Score.BreakAlignment #'break-align-orders =
#(make-vector 3 '(
instrument-name
d1
d4 e f g
@end lilypond
+@end ignore
@seealso
@node Written-out repeats
-@subsubsection Written-out repeats
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Written-out repeats
@cindex written-out repeats
@cindex repetitious music
applied to the earliest endings. Unfold repeats without alternate
endings:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c1
\repeat unfold 2 { c4 d e f }
c1
Unfold repeats with alternate endings:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c1
\repeat unfold 2 { g4 f e d }
\alternative {
@end menu
@node Percent repeats
-@subsubsection Percent repeats
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Percent repeats
@cindex percent repeats
@cindex measure repeats
where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression.
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\relative c' {
- \repeat percent 4 { c4 }
- \repeat percent 2 { b'4 a g f }
- \repeat percent 2 { c2 es | f4 fis g c | }
-}
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\repeat percent 4 { c4 }
+\repeat percent 2 { b4 a g f }
+\repeat percent 2 { c2 es | f4 fis g c | }
@end lilypond
+@snippets
+
+@c FIXME: email these to Valentin or Neil to be made into snippets
Measure repeats of more than two repeats get a counter if you switch
on the @code{countPercentRepeats} property:
-@lilypond[relative=2,fragment,quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\relative c' {
- \set countPercentRepeats = ##t
- \repeat percent 4 { c1 }
-}
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\set countPercentRepeats = ##t
+\repeat percent 4 { c1 }
@end lilypond
-
Isolated percents can also be printed. This is done by entering a
multi-measure rest with a different print function:
-@lilypond[fragment,verbatim,quote]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\override MultiMeasureRest #'stencil
= #ly:multi-measure-rest::percent
R1
@end lilypond
+@seealso
+
+Music Glossary: @rglos{percent repeat}, @rglos{simile}.
+
+Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
+
+Internals Reference: @rinternals{RepeatSlash},
+@rinternals{PercentRepeat}, @rinternals{DoublePercentRepeat},
+@rinternals{DoublePercentRepeatCounter},
+@rinternals{PercentRepeatCounter}, @rinternals{PercentRepeatedMusic}.
@knownissues
durations, are supported.
-@seealso
-
-Music Glossary: @rglos{percent repeat}, @rglos{simile}.
-
-Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
-
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{RepeatSlash},
-@rinternals{PercentRepeat}, @rinternals{DoublePercentRepeat},
-@rinternals{DoublePercentRepeatCounter},
-@rinternals{PercentRepeatCounter}, @rinternals{PercentRepeatedMusic}.
-
@node Tremolo repeats
-@subsubsection Tremolo repeats
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Tremolo repeats
Tremolos can take two forms: alternation between two chords or two
notes, and rapid repetition of a single
To place tremolo marks between notes, use @code{\repeat} with
tremolo style:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\relative c' {
- \repeat tremolo 8 { c16 d }
- \repeat tremolo 4 { c16 d }
- \repeat tremolo 2 { c16 d }
-}
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+\repeat tremolo 8 { c16 d }
+\repeat tremolo 4 { c16 d }
+\repeat tremolo 2 { c16 d }
@end lilypond
The @code{\repeat tremolo} syntax expects exactly two notes within
the length is omitted, the last value (stored in
@code{tremoloFlags}) is used
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment]
-c'2:8 c':32 | c': c': |
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+c2:8 c:32
+c: c:
@end lilypond
-
-@knownissues
-
-
-Tremolos entered with @q{@code{:}[@var{number}]} do not carry over
-into the MIDI output.
-
-
@seealso
Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.