From ae3c9d648de907dde3d6aa4c43e72c2280d96770 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Graham Percival Date: Sat, 26 Apr 2008 05:05:22 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] Update from Andrew. --- Documentation/user/keyboards.itely | 170 +++++++++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 112 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/user/keyboards.itely b/Documentation/user/keyboards.itely index f377d552c7..f84c25e782 100644 --- a/Documentation/user/keyboards.itely +++ b/Documentation/user/keyboards.itely @@ -8,25 +8,19 @@ @c \version "2.11.38" +@c Andrew's TODO List +@c references - started +@c piano staff - started +@c manual changes - started +@c automatic changes +@c staff-chagne lines +@c cross-staff stems +@c pedals +@c discant symbols + @node Keyboard instruments @section Keyboard instruments -TODO -My suggestion is this: in section 7.1.1 and/or 7.1.2 of the -manual, -about staff switching, add a sentence or two plus a simple example -showing how the beams are handled automatically if you enter notes -that -require beaming (i.e. 8ths or shorter). Anyone coming from Finale -will -be looking for "cross-staff beaming" instead of staff switching. -If I -had seen an example of notes switching staves, beamed together -like -that, I would have known immediately that that was what I was -looking for. - - @menu * Common notation for keyboards:: * Piano:: @@ -48,70 +42,135 @@ looking for. @node References for keyboards @subsubsection References for keyboards -@c TODO add refs -TBC +Keyboard music can be written in parallel with +@ref{Writing music in parallel}. +Fingerings are indicated with @ref{Fingering instructions}. +Organ pedal indications are inserted as articulations, see +@ref{List of articulations}. +Vertical grid lines can be shown with @ref{Grid lines}. +Keyboard music often contains @notation{Laissez vibrer} ties as well as +ties on arpeggios and tremelos, described in @ref{Ties}. +Arpeggios can be placed across multiple voices and staves with +@ref{Arpeggio}. +Tremelo marks are created with @ref{Tremolo repeats}. + +Several of the tweaks that can occur in keyboard music are +demonstrated in @rlearning{Real music example}. Hidden notes can +be used to produce ties that cross voices, as shown +@rlearning{Other uses for tweaks}. + +@snippets +@c @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc] +@c {creating-slurs-across-voices.ly} + +@seealso + +Learning Manual: +@rlearning{Real music example}, +@rlearning{Other uses for tweaks}. + +Notation Reference: +@ref{Writing music in parallel}, +@ref{Fingering instructions}, +@ref{Grid lines}, +@ref{Ties}, +@ref{Arpeggio}, +@ref{Tremolo repeats}. +@ref{List of articulations} + +Snippets: +@c @lsrdir{Keyboard instruments}. + @node The piano staff @subsubsection The piano staff -Keyboard instruments are usually notated with Piano staves. -These are two or more normal staves coupled with a brace. The staves -are largely independent, but sometimes voices can cross between the -two staves. The same notation is also used for harps and other key -instruments. The @internalsref{PianoStaff} is especially built to -handle this cross-staffing behavior. In this section we discuss the -@internalsref{PianoStaff} and some other pianistic peculiarities. +Keyboard instruments are usually notated with Piano staves. These +are two or more normal staves coupled with a brace. The same +notation is also used for harps and other key instruments. Organ +music is normally written with two staves inside a +@internalsref{PianoStaff} group and third, normal staff for the +pedals. -@knownissues +The staves in keyboard music are largely independent, but sometimes +voices can cross between the two staves. In this section we discuss +some notation techniques particular to keyboard music. + +@seealso +Notation Reference: +@ruser{Grouping staves}, +@ruser{Instrument Names}. + +Internals Reference: +@internalsref{PianoStaff}. +@knownissues Dynamics are not centered, but workarounds do exist. See the @q{piano centered dynamics} template in @rlearning{Piano templates}. -@cindex cross staff stem -@cindex stem, cross staff -@cindex distance between staves in piano music - @node Changing staff manually @subsubsection Changing staff manually -@cindex manual staff switches -@cindex staff switch, manual +@cindex changing staff manually +@cindex manual staff changes +@cindex staff changes, manual +@cindex cross-staff notes +@cindex notes, cross-staff +@cindex cross-staff beams +@cindex beams, cross-staff +@funindex \change Voices can be switched between staves manually, using the command @example -\change Staff = @var{staffname} @var{music} +\change Staff = @var{staffname} @end example @noindent The string @var{staffname} is the name of the staff. It switches the current voice from its current staff to the Staff called -@var{staffname}. Typically @var{staffname} is @code{"up"} or -@code{"down"}. The @code{Staff} referred to must already exist, so -usually the setup for a score will start with a setup of the staves, +@var{staffname}. Typical values for @var{staffname} are @code{"up"} +and @code{"down"}, or @code{"RH"} and @code{"LH"}. -@example -<< - \new Staff = "up" @{ - \skip 1 * 10 % @emph{keep staff alive} - @} - \new Staff = "down" @{ - \skip 1 * 10 % @emph{idem} - @} +Cross-staff notes are beamed automatically: + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right] +upStaff = \change Staff = up +downStaff = \change Staff = down +\new PianoStaff << + \new Staff = "up" { + 8 \downStaff g fis g \upStaff + 8 \downStaff e dis e \upStaff + } + \new Staff = "down" { + \clef "bass" + s1 % keep the context alive + } >> -@end example +@end lilypond + +If the beaming needs to be tweaked, make any changes to the stem +directions first. The beam positions are then measured from the center +of the staff that is closest to the beam. For a simple example of beam +tweaking, see @rlearning{Fixing overlapping notation}. +@seealso +Learning Manual: +@rlearning{Fixing overlapping notation}. -and the @code{Voice} is inserted afterwards +Notation Reference: +@ruser{Stems}, +@ruser{Automatic beams}. -@example -\context Staff = down - \new Voice @{ @dots{} \change Staff = up @dots{} @} -@end example +Snippets: +@c @lsrdir{Keyboard instruments}. +Internals Reference: +@internalsref{Beam}. @node Changing staff automatically @subsubsection Changing staff automatically -@cindex Automatic staff changes +@cindex automatic staff changes +@cindex staff changes, automatic Voices can be made to switch automatically between the top and the bottom staff. The syntax for this is @@ -153,7 +212,7 @@ advance. Here is a practical example @seealso -@c Notation Reference: @ref{Manual staff switches}. +Notation Reference: @ref{Changing staff manually}. Internals Reference: @internalsref{AutoChangeMusic}. @@ -173,7 +232,7 @@ quality output, staff switches should be specified manually. @cindex follow voice @cindex staff switching -@cindex cross staff +@cindex cross-staff @funindex followVoice @@ -326,8 +385,3 @@ Notation Reference: @ref{Ties} (laissez vibrer). @c TODO Add text from -user and lsr 194 TBC - - - - - -- 2.39.5