From 8afe24d7f10f2f9b4bdaf8c1b690bbe973ddb07b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Graham Percival Date: Wed, 6 Feb 2008 20:53:42 -0800 Subject: [PATCH] Update from Trevor. --- Documentation/user/rhythms.itely | 186 ++++++++++++++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 123 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/user/rhythms.itely b/Documentation/user/rhythms.itely index 4a0397dd04..0b00aa5690 100644 --- a/Documentation/user/rhythms.itely +++ b/Documentation/user/rhythms.itely @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ This section discusses rhythms, rests, durations, beaming and bars. @end menu @node Durations -@unnumberedsubsubsec Durations +@subsubsection Durations @cindex durations, of notes @cindex note durations @@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ c4 c8 c16 c32 c64 c64 @noindent Here are the same durations with automatic beaming turned off. -(See @ref{Automatic beams}.) @c not strictly "writing rhythms"; more of a "displaying" thing, @c but it's ok here. -gp @@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ For ways of specifying durations for the syllables of lyrics and ways of aligning lyrics to notes, see @ref{Vocal music}. Optionally, notes can be spaced strictly proportionately to their -duration. For details of this and other settings which control +duration. For details of this and other settings which control proportional notation, see @ref{Proportional notation}. @refcommands @@ -141,14 +140,14 @@ Internals Reference: @internalsref{Dots}, @refbugs -@c deliberately duplicated in Durations and Rests. -gp +@c Deliberately duplicated in Durations and Rests. -gp There is no fundamental limit to rest durations (both in terms of longest and shortest), but the number of glyphs is limited: rests from 128th to maxima (8 x whole) may be printed. @node Tuplets -@unnumberedsubsubsec Tuplets +@subsubsection Tuplets @cindex tuplets @cindex triplets @@ -193,10 +192,13 @@ Tuplets may be nested; for example, @commonprop +@cindex tuplet formatting +@cindex triplet formatting + @funindex tupletNumberFormatFunction @funindex tupletSpannerDuration -@cindex tuplet formatting +@c Sent to Snippet 5 Feb 08 The property @code{tupletSpannerDuration} specifies how long each bracket should last. With this, you can make lots of tuplets while typing @code{\times} only once, thus saving lots of typing. @@ -214,14 +216,12 @@ For more information about @code{make-moment}, see @funindex TupletNumber -The format of the number is determined by the property @code{text} -in @code{TupletNumber}. The default prints only the denominator, -but if the property is set with @code{\override -TupletNumber #'text = #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text}, -@var{num}:@var{den} will be printed instead. +By default, only the numerator of the tuplet number +is printed over the tuplet bracket, i.e. the denominator +of the argument to the @code{\times} command. Alternatively, +@var{num}:@var{den} of the tuplet number may be printed, or +the tuplet number may be suppressed altogether. -To print tuplets without tuplet numbers, use -@code{\override TupletNumber #'transparent = ##t}: @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=2,ragged-right,verbatim] \times 2/3 { c8 c c } \times 2/3 { c8 c c } @@ -231,14 +231,57 @@ To print tuplets without tuplet numbers, use \times 2/3 { c8 c c } @end lilypond -To change the appearance of nested tuplets beginning at the same -music moment individually, the @code{\tweak} function must be used -(see @ref{Objects connected to the input}). In the following -example, @code{\tweak} specifies fraction text for the outer -@code{TupletNumber} and denominator text for the -@code{TupletNumber} of the first of the three inner tuplets. +@c TODO Add snippet to show this +Tuplets may extend over bar lines, but they will inhibit a +line break unless the @code{Forbid_line_break_engraver} is +removed from the @code{Voice context}. -@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2] +@subheading Modifying nested tuplets + +@cindex tuplets, nested +@cindex triplets, nested +@cindex bracket, tuplet +@cindex tuplet bracket +@cindex triplet bracket +@funindex TupletBracket + +If nested tuplets do not begin at the same moment their +appearance may be modified in the usual way with +@code{\override} commands: + +@c NOTE Tuplet brackets collide if notes are high on staff +@c See issue 509 +@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=1] +\times 2/3 { c8[ c c]} +\once \override TupletNumber #'text = #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text +\times 2/3 { + c[ c] + c[ c] + \once \override TupletNumber #'transparent = ##t + \times 2/3 { c8[ c c] } +\times 2/3 { c8[ c c]} +} +@end lilypond + +However, if the nested tuplets begin at the same musical moment, +@code{\override} commands cannot be applied to just one of them +-- they apply to both. So to change the appearance of nested +tuplets beginning at the same musical moment individually, the +@code{\tweak} function must be used (see @ref{Objects connected +to the input}). The @code{\tweak} function is applied to the +following @code{\times} command as it appears in the input stream, +and so can distinguish between separate @code{\times} commands +even if their tuplets begin at the same musical moment. + +In this example, the @code{\tweak} command is used to specify +fraction text for the outer @code{TupletNumber} and denominator +text for the @code{TupletNumber} of the first of the three +inner tuplets. + +@c NOTE Tuplet brackets collide if notes are high on staff +@c so use relative=1 until this is fixed +@c See issue 509 +@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=1] \tweak #'text #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text \times 4/3 { \tweak #'text #tuplet-number::calc-denominator-text @@ -248,23 +291,16 @@ example, @code{\tweak} specifies fraction text for the outer } @end lilypond -@cindex bracket, tuplet -@funindex TupletBracket - -@c FIXME: after LM 6 Tweaks includes \tweak info, look at this.-gp -@c It *should* be explained why \tweak must be used here, and why -@c \override doesn't work. I've made an attempt, but I'm not sure -@c if it is factually correct to say that \tweak must be used. In the next example, @code{\tweak} and @code{\override} work together to specify @code{TupletBracket} direction. The first @code{\tweak} positions the @code{TupletBracket} of the outer tuplet above the staff. The second @code{\tweak} positions the @code{TupletBracket} of the first of the three inner tuplets below -the staff. Note that the @code{\tweak} function affects only -events that begin at the same music moment: the outer tuplet and -the first of the three inner tuplets. To position the -@code{TupletBrackets} of the second and third of the inner tuplets -below the staff, we use @code{\override} in the usual way. +the staff. Note that the @code{\tweak} command needs to be used +only for events that begin at the same music moment: the outer +tuplet and the first of the three inner tuplets. To position the +@code{TupletBracket}s of the second and third of the inner tuplets +below the staff, we can use @code{\override} in the usual way. @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2] \tweak #'text #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text @@ -278,15 +314,34 @@ below the staff, we use @code{\override} in the usual way. } @end lilypond -Tuplet brackets can be made to run to prefatory matter or the next -note: +@subheading Modifying tuplet bracket length + +@cindex tuplet bracket length +@cindex triplet bracket length +@cindex bracket length, tuplets +@funindex tupletFullLength +@funindex tupletFullLengthNote + +Tuplet brackets can be made to run to prefatory matter or the +next note. +Default tuplet brackets end at the right edge of the final note +of the tuplet; full-length tuplet brackets extend farther to the +right, either to cover all the non-rhythmic notation up to the +following note, or to cover only the whitespace before the next +item of notation, be that a clef, time signature, key signature, +or another note. The example shows how to switch tuplets to +full length mode and how to modify what material they cover. + @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote] \new RhythmicStaff { + % Set tuplets to be extendable .. \set tupletFullLength = ##t + % .. to cover all items up to the next note \set tupletFullLengthNote = ##t \time 2/4 \times 2/3 { c4 c c } + % .. or to cover just whitespace \set tupletFullLengthNote = ##f \time 4/4 \times 4/5 { c4 c1 } @@ -295,21 +350,25 @@ note: } @end lilypond +@subheading Compressing music + +@cindex compressing music @funindex \compressMusic -@funindex \times @code{\compressMusic} works similarly to \times, but does not -create a tuplet bracket; see @ref{Polymetric notation}. +create a tuplet bracket. One application is in polymetric +notation, as shown in the following example. See +@ref{Polymetric notation}. +@c not added yet. -gp +@c @lilypondfile [ragged-right,line-width=16\cm,staffsize=14,quote] +@c {printing-music-with-different-time-signatures.ly} -@refbugs - -Tuplets which cross bar lines will prevent a line break at that -point. @seealso -Music Glossary: @rglos{tuplet}. +Music Glossary: @rglos{triplet}, @rglos{tuplet}, +@rglos{polymetric}. Notation Reference: @ref{Time administration}, @ref{Objects connected to the input}, @ref{Polymetric notation}. @@ -322,7 +381,7 @@ Internals Reference: @internalsref{TupletBracket}, @node Scaling durations -@unnumberedsubsubsec Scaling durations +@subsubsection Scaling durations You can alter the length of a duration by a fraction @var{N/M} by appending @code{*@var{N/M}} (or @code{*@var{N}} if @var{M=1}). @@ -353,7 +412,7 @@ Notation Reference: @ref{Tuplets}, @ref{Skips}, @ref{Polymetric notation}. Snippets: @lsrdir{Rhythms,Rhythms} @node Ties -@unnumberedsubsubsec Ties +@subsubsection Ties @cindex tie @funindex ~ @@ -537,7 +596,7 @@ well-defined. In these cases, a slur may be preferable. @end menu @node Rests -@unnumberedsubsubsec Rests +@subsubsection Rests @cindex rest @cindex maxima @cindex longa @@ -589,13 +648,13 @@ Internals Reference: @internalsref{Rest}. @refbugs -@c duplicated in Durations and Rests. -gp +@c Deliberately duplicated in Durations and Rests. -gp There is no fundamental limit to rest durations (both in terms of longest and shortest), but the number of glyphs is limited: there are rests from 128th to maxima (8 x whole). @node Skips -@unnumberedsubsubsec Skips +@subsubsection Skips @cindex skip @cindex invisible rest @@ -649,7 +708,7 @@ Internals Reference: @internalsref{SkipMusic}. @node Full measure rests -@unnumberedsubsubsec Full measure rests +@subsubsection Full measure rests @cindex multi measure rests @cindex full measure rests @@ -839,7 +898,7 @@ R1*4 cis cis @end menu @node Time signature -@unnumberedsubsubsec Time signature +@subsubsection Time signature @cindex time signature @cindex meter @@ -948,7 +1007,7 @@ Automatic beaming does not use the measure grouping specified with @node Upbeats -@unnumberedsubsubsec Upbeats +@subsubsection Upbeats @cindex anacrusis @cindex upbeat @@ -1006,7 +1065,7 @@ occur. Snippets: @lsrdir{Rhythms,Rhythms} @node Unmetered music -@unnumberedsubsubsec Unmetered music +@subsubsection Unmetered music @cindex cadenza @funindex \cadenzaOn @@ -1058,7 +1117,7 @@ Snippets: @lsrdir{Rhythms,Rhythms} @node Polymetric notation -@unnumberedsubsubsec Polymetric notation +@subsubsection Polymetric notation @cindex double time signatures @cindex signatures, polymetric @@ -1196,7 +1255,7 @@ Internals Reference: @internalsref{TimeSignature}, @internalsref{Timing-translat @node Automatic note splitting -@unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic note splitting +@subsubsection Automatic note splitting Long notes which overrun bar lines can be converted automatically to tied notes. This is done by replacing the @@ -1256,7 +1315,7 @@ Internals Reference: @internalsref{Note_heads_engraver}, @end menu @node Automatic beams -@unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic beams +@subsubsection Automatic beams By default, beams are inserted automatically: @@ -1382,7 +1441,7 @@ Beams can collide with note heads and accidentals in other voices @node Setting automatic beam behavior -@unnumberedsubsubsec Setting automatic beam behavior +@subsubsection Setting automatic beam behavior @funindex autoBeamSettings @funindex (end * * * *) @@ -1569,7 +1628,7 @@ Snippets: @lsrdir{Rhythms,Rhythms} @node Manual beams -@unnumberedsubsubsec Manual beams +@subsubsection Manual beams @cindex beams, manual @@ -1622,7 +1681,7 @@ the group as a whole. @commonprop @node Feathered beams -@unnumberedsubsubsec Feathered beams +@subsubsection Feathered beams @cindex beams, feathered @funindex \featherDurations @@ -1692,7 +1751,7 @@ Snippets: @lsrdir{Rhythms,Rhythms} @end menu @node Bar lines -@unnumberedsubsubsec Bar lines +@subsubsection Bar lines @cindex bar lines @funindex \bar @@ -1840,7 +1899,7 @@ properties). @node Bar numbers -@unnumberedsubsubsec Bar numbers +@subsubsection Bar numbers @cindex bar numbers @cindex measure numbers @@ -2001,7 +2060,7 @@ c1 c c c @node Bar and bar number checks -@unnumberedsubsubsec Bar and bar number checks +@subsubsection Bar and bar number checks @cindex bar check @funindex barCheckSynchronize @@ -2074,7 +2133,7 @@ Snippets: @lsrdir{Rhythms,Rhythms} @node Rehearsal marks -@unnumberedsubsubsec Rehearsal marks +@subsubsection Rehearsal marks @cindex rehearsal marks @cindex mark, rehearsal @@ -2201,7 +2260,7 @@ Examples: @c @lsr{parts,rehearsal-mark-numbers.ly} @end menu @node Grace notes -@unnumberedsubsubsec Grace notes +@subsubsection Grace notes @funindex \grace @cindex ornaments @@ -2400,7 +2459,7 @@ expressions. Nesting or juxtaposing grace sections is not supported, and might produce crashes or other errors. @node Aligning to cadenzas -@unnumberedsubsubsec Aligning to cadenzas +@subsubsection Aligning to cadenzas @cindex cadenza @cindex cadenza, aligning to @@ -2438,7 +2497,7 @@ Snippets: @lsrdir{Rhythms,Rhythms} @node Time administration -@unnumberedsubsubsec Time administration +@subsubsection Time administration @cindex time administration @cindex timing (within the score) @@ -2524,3 +2583,4 @@ Internals Reference: @internalsref{Timing_translator}, + -- 2.39.5