From 71af1acb26505b0d084fe3cb3e03e56cae8b7f43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: fred Date: Sun, 24 Mar 2002 20:11:02 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] lilypond-0.1.61 --- Documentation/tex/mudela.doc | 82 ++++++++++++++++++------------------ 1 file changed, 41 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/tex/mudela.doc b/Documentation/tex/mudela.doc index 1d3e303bd5..0e0cb6cf02 100644 --- a/Documentation/tex/mudela.doc +++ b/Documentation/tex/mudela.doc @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ print a note by specifying its pitch and the duration. The pitch of the central C, also known as c$^1$, is written as \verb+c'+. A quarter note duration is written as \verb+4+. So, to print quarter note with central C pitch, you enter the following -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] c'4 \end{mudela} The pitch \verb+c'+ actually consists of two parts: one for the note @@ -266,19 +266,19 @@ specifies the octave to use, and the letter which note name to use. The note names simply are the letters \verb+a+ to \verb+g+. For example, -\begin[fragment,verbatim]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim] c'4 d'4 e'4 c'4 c''4 d''4 e''4 f''4 g''4 a''4 b''4 c'''4 \end{mudela} The duration of a note is specified as a number: a whole note is denoted by 1, the half note by 2, the quarter by 4, and so on. Here are some random notes to show how it works -\begin[fragment,verbatim]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim] 'c8 c8 c'16 c''32 d''64 b'64 c'''2 c1 c'4 d'4 e'4 f'4 g'4 a'4 \end{mudela} This gives us already enough material to make simple songs: -\begin[fragment,verbatim]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim] c''4 d''4 e''4 c''4 e''4 f''4 g''2 g''8 a''8 g''8 f''8 e''4 c''4 @@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ to cs), Italian, Swedish, Norwegian However, having only quarter notes may get a bit dull. Durations are entered as their reciproce values % a1 a2 a4 a a8 a a16 a a32 a a64 a a a a -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] a1 a2 a4 a a8 a a16 a32 a64 \end{mudela} note that you only have to specify @@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ the duration when it changes: Lily assumes a note has the same duration as the previous one. Now we can already write a little tune -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] c d e c | c d e c | e f g2 \end{mudela} As you'll probably have guessed, @@ -353,13 +353,13 @@ In the scale shown above we left-out the last c note of the next octave. Postfixing the pitch with a quote \verb+'+ produces a note by one octave higher -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] c c' c'' \end{mudela} Prefixing the pitch with a quote \verb+'+ produces a note by one octave lower -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] a 'a ''a \end{mudela} @@ -367,50 +367,50 @@ a 'a ''a A tie connects two adjacent noteheads -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] e' ~ e \end{mudela} Whereas a slur rather connects `chords', and tries to avoid crossing stems -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] e'( )e \end{mudela} And of course, such a (legato) slur can span several notes -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] c( d e )f \end{mudela} \section{Beams and Plets} A beam is -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] [a8 a] [a16 a a a] \end{mudela} Here's a beamed triplet -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] [/3 a8 a a]/1 \end{mudela} a triplet without a beam -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] \[/3 a4 a8\] \end{mudela} and a combination -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] [/3 a8 a16 a] a8 \] \end{mudela} Abbreviations -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] c1:16 [:16 e1 g] \end{mudela} -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] c4:32 [:16 c8 d8] \end{mudela} @@ -423,55 +423,55 @@ Simply include the language specific init file \file{}.}. The default set are the ones we like best are the Dutch notenames. A sharp is formed by adding \verb+is+ -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] cis dis eis fis gis ais bis \end{mudela} and a flat is formed by adding \verb+es+% %\footnote{Exceptions: \verb+es+ and \verb+as+.} \footnote{Exceptions: {\tt es} and {\tt as}.} -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] ces des es fes ges as bes \end{mudela} With the obvious names for double sharps -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] cisis disis eisis fisis gisis aisis bisis \end{mudela} and double flats -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] ceses deses eses feses geses ases beses \end{mudela} See why we like-em? There are two special `notenames', the rest -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] r16 [a a a] \end{mudela} and the space -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] a2 s-"diminuendo" | a \end{mudela} \section{Commands} -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] \clef "bass"; 'c \end{mudela} and a clef-change -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] \clef "violin"; f' e' \clef "alto"; d' c' \end{mudela} -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] \meter 3/4; c g g | \end{mudela} -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] \key fis cis; 'g 'a 'b cis d e fis g' \end{mudela} @@ -485,11 +485,11 @@ Lily will determine what accidentals to typeset. A reminder accidental can be forced by using an exclamation mark \verb+!+ on a pitch a reminder accidental -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] cis d e cis | c! d e c | \end{mudela} -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] \meter 2/4; \bar "|:"; c c \bar ":|:"; c c \bar ":|"; c c \bar "|."; \end{mudela} @@ -497,12 +497,12 @@ cis d e cis | c! d e c | \section{Chords and Voices} Here's a simple chord -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] \end{mudela} here are a few -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] < { c()d()c } { e()f()e } @@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ here are a few \end{mudela} and similarly voices -\begin[fragment,verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim,center] < { \voiceone c g c g } { \voicetwo 'c2 'g2 } @@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ and similarly voices A Mudela file needs some red tape -\begin[verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[verbatim,center] \score{ \melodic { \octave c'; @@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ A Mudela file needs some red tape \section{Lyrics} -\begin[verbatim,center]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[verbatim,center] \score{ < \melodic{ @@ -796,14 +796,14 @@ meaning of \verb+_+ and the resolution of words You enter a note by giving the name and the reciprocal of the duration: -\begin[fragment,verbatim]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim] a'4 % Dutch names \end{mudela} is a A-1 pitched crotchet. The ' signifies an octave change. A-1 is 440 Hz concert-pitch. \verb+c'+ is also known as the central c. More examples: -\begin[fragment,verbatim]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[fragment,verbatim] 'a % 110 a % 220 A % 110, uppercase octavates down @@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ s % a "space" rest, nothing is printed. These notenames along with duration are enough material to construct simple melodies: -\begin[verbatim,fragment]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[verbatim,fragment] \octave c'; c4 c4 g4 g4 a4 a4 g2 f4 f4 e4 e4 d4 d4 c2 @@ -861,7 +861,7 @@ implemented as START and STOP stop features and then attached to the note. \end{description} example: -\begin[verbatim,fragment]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[verbatim,fragment] \octave c'; [c8 () d8 () e8 e8(] [)g8 % NO nesting! @@ -876,14 +876,14 @@ they should be attached to the note. For this reason, the construct Ties connect the noteheads of adjacent notes. They are entered as follows: -\begin[verbatim,fragment]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[verbatim,fragment] a'4 ~ a''4 \end{mudela} Slurs connect whole chords, and try to avoid crossing stems. They are entered as follows: -\begin[verbatim,fragment]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[verbatim,fragment] a'4( )a''4 \end{mudela} @@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ a'4( )a''4 Symbols which can be put at either side (above or below) of a staff are entered as follows: -\begin[verbatim,fragment]{mudela} +\begin{mudela}[verbatim,fragment] a-^ % marcato, direction: default %a^- % portato, direction: above note a_. % staccato, direction: below note -- 2.39.5