From 0b343aaeb8cda1634d23cc4e89cff0fe7cf9994e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Graham Percival Date: Thu, 11 Oct 2007 12:06:57 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] Another Pitches update from Trevor Daniels. --- Documentation/user/pitches.itely | 170 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 127 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/user/pitches.itely b/Documentation/user/pitches.itely index 9761b677fc..31875ef941 100644 --- a/Documentation/user/pitches.itely +++ b/Documentation/user/pitches.itely @@ -634,7 +634,37 @@ The clef is set with the @code{\clef} @var{clefname} command: @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim] -{ \clef treble g'4^G \clef alto c'4^C \clef bass f4^F } +<< + \new Staff { + g'1^G % default treble clef + } + \new Staff { + \clef alto + c'1^C + } + \new Staff { + \clef bass + f1^F + } +>> +@end lilypond + +The clef can also be changed inside the staff: + +@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim] +\new PianoStaff << + \new Staff { + \time 2/4 + \clef treble + r16 + \clef bass + e g c' e' e g c' + } + \new Staff { + \clef bass + c,8 r \clef treble g''4 + } +>> @end lilypond These same clef symbols are used in different positions on @@ -686,9 +716,19 @@ For example, \clef "G_8" c4 @end lilypond - @commonprop +When a clef change takes place at a line break the new clef +symbol is printed at both the end of the previous line and the +beginning of the new line by default. +If the warning clef at the end +of the previous line in not required it can be suppressed +by setting the @code{explicitClefVisibility} Staff property +to the value @var{end-of-line-invisible}: +@code{\set Staff.explicitClefVisibility = #end-of-line-invisible} +The default behaviour can be recovered with +@code{\unset Staff.explicitClefVisibility} + The command @code{\clef "treble_8"} is equivalent to setting @code{clefGlyph}, @code{clefPosition} (which controls the Y position of the clef), @code{middleCPosition} and @@ -704,7 +744,7 @@ space. The clefOctavation value would normally be set to 7, -7, 15 or -15, but other values are not invalid. The following examples show the possibilities -when setting properties manually. First some +when setting these properties manually. First some manual changes which preserve the standard relative positioning of clefs and notes: @@ -725,7 +765,7 @@ positioning of clefs and notes: % The standard choral tenor clef \set Staff.clefGlyph = #"clefs.G" \set Staff.clefPosition = #-2 - \set Staff.clefOctavation = #7 + \set Staff.clefOctavation = #-7 \set Staff.middleCPosition = #1 c'4 % A non-standard clef @@ -738,9 +778,6 @@ positioning of clefs and notes: and some which do not: -@c TODO TD Should we keep these misleading examples? -@c TODO TD They may have value in creating educational material - @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim] { \set Staff.clefGlyph = #"clefs.F" @@ -762,9 +799,9 @@ and some which do not: @seealso -Program reference: @internalsref{Clef}. +User manual: @ref{Ancient clefs}. -This manual: @ref{Ancient clefs}. +Program reference: @internalsref{Clef}. @node Key signature @unnumberedsubsubsec Key signature @@ -800,13 +837,7 @@ Here, @var{type} should be @code{\major} or @code{\minor} to get also use the standard mode names (also called @q{church modes}): @code{\ionian}, @code{\locrian}, @code{\aeolian}, @code{\mixolydian}, @code{\lydian}, @code{\phrygian}, and -@code{\dorian}. - -This command sets the context property @code{Staff.keySignature}. -Non-standard key signatures can be specified by setting this -property directly. See @internalsref{Key_engraver}, and for an -example TODO. -@c TODO: LSR snippet 248. leave this here for now -gp +@code{\dorian}. See @rglos{church mode}. @warning{The relationship between accidentals and key signatures can be confusing to new users who think of the note letters as scale @@ -823,7 +854,6 @@ f1 fis @end lilypond - @commonprop A natural sign is printed to cancel any previous accidentals. @@ -842,11 +872,36 @@ a b cis d a bes c d @end lilypond +The @code{\key} command sets the context property +@code{Staff.keySignature}. +Non-standard key signatures can be specified by setting this +property directly. The format of this command is +@code{\set Staff.keySignature} = +#'((@var{octave} . @var{step}) . @var{alter}) +where @var{octave} specifies the octave (0 being the octave +from middle C to the B above), @var{step} specifies the note +within the octave (0 means C and 6 means B), and @var{alter} +is ,SHARP ,FLAT ,DOUBLE-SHARP etc. (Note the leading comma.) +Here is an example of a possible key +signature for generating a whole-tone scale: + +@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim] +\relative c' + \new Staff { + \set Staff.keySignature = + #`(((0 . 3) . ,SHARP) ((0 . 5) . ,FLAT) ((0 . 6) . ,FLAT)) + c d e fis aes bes c +} +@end lilypond @seealso +@c Link to snippet 248 +Another example of using @code{keySignature} can be found in +@lsrdir{scordatura} + Program reference: @internalsref{KeyCancellation}, -@internalsref{KeySignature}. +@internalsref{KeySignature}, @internalsref{Key_engraver} @node Ottava brackets @@ -876,7 +931,7 @@ The @code{set-octavation} function also takes -1 (for 8va bassa), 2@tie{}(for 15ma), and -2 (for 15ma bassa) as arguments. Internally the function sets the properties @code{ottavation} (e.g., to @code{"8va"} or @code{"8vb"}) and -@code{centralCPosition}. To override the text of the bracket, set +@code{middleCPosition}. To override the text of the bracket, set @code{ottavation} after invoking @code{set-octavation}, i.e., @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim] @@ -905,12 +960,13 @@ during an octavation bracket. @cindex transposition, MIDI @cindex transposition, instrument -The key of a transposing instrument can also be specified. This +The key of a transposing instrument can be specified. This applies to many wind instruments, for example, clarinets (B-flat, A, and E-flat), horn (F) and trumpet (B-flat, C, D, and E-flat). -The transposition is entered after the keyword -@code{\transposition} +The transposition is entered with the command +@code{\transposition} @var{pitch} where @var{pitch} specifies +the key in which the instrument plays: @example \transposition bes %% B-flat clarinet @@ -919,14 +975,55 @@ The transposition is entered after the keyword @noindent This command sets the property @code{instrumentTransposition}. The value of this property is used for MIDI output and quotations. -It does not affect how notes are printed in the current staff. To -change the printed output, see @ref{Transpose}. +MIDI output is transposed to play at concert pitch, and cue +notes and quotations are automatically transposed to the +key of the instrument in which they are quoted. +See @ref{Quoting other voices}. +The value does not affect how notes are printed in the +current staff; to change the printed output, see @ref{Transpose}. The pitch to use for @code{\transposition} should correspond to the real sound heard when a @code{c'} written on the staff is -played by the transposing instrument. For example, when entering -a score in concert pitch, typically all voices are entered in C, -so they should be entered as +played by the transposing instrument. The command +@code{\transposition} @var{pitch} should be used when the music +is entered from an orchestral part written for the instrument. +For example, in +classical horn parts, the tuning of the instrument is often +changed during a piece. Here are a few notes for a violin +and a B-flat clarinet where the parts have been entered +using the notes and key as they appear in each part or the +conductor's score: + +@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim] +\score { + \new GrandStaff << + \new Staff = "Violin I" { + \set Staff.instrumentName = "Vln" + \set Staff.midiInstrument="violin" + \key c \major + \transposition c + g'4( c''8) r c'' r c''4 + } + \new Staff = "Clarinet" { + \set Staff.instrumentName = "Cl" + \set Staff.midiInstrument="clarinet" + \key d \major + \transposition bes + a'4( d''8) r d'' r d''4 + } + >> + \layout { } + \midi { } +} +@end lilypond + +Without the @code{\transposition} command the midi output of this +would play the notes a tone apart; with it the notes are played +correctly in unison. + +However, when entering the notes of +a score in concert pitch, when all voices are entered in C, +they may be prefaced by (the default) @code{\transposition c'}: @example clarinet = @{ @@ -939,22 +1036,9 @@ saxophone = @{ @} @end example -The command @code{\transposition} should be used when the music is -entered from a (transposed) orchestral part. For example, in -classical horn parts, the tuning of the instrument is often -changed during a piece. When copying the notes from the part, use -@code{\transposition}, e.g., - -@example -\transposition d' -c'4^"in D" -... -\transposition g' -c'4^"in G" -... -@end example +@noindent +to serve as a reminder +that these parts are written in C. -TODO: also mention that it affects cue voices. Or make a link. -Or something. -- 2.39.5