From: Graham Percival Date: Thu, 3 Apr 2008 03:14:30 +0000 (-0700) Subject: Proofreading from Neil, thanks! X-Git-Tag: release/2.11.44-1~39^2~4 X-Git-Url: https://git.donarmstrong.com/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=e2e05c0457a468e005c1e1749dbce594e3cee289;p=lilypond.git Proofreading from Neil, thanks! --- diff --git a/Documentation/user/pitches.itely b/Documentation/user/pitches.itely index 0e86a7675b..829b11584a 100644 --- a/Documentation/user/pitches.itely +++ b/Documentation/user/pitches.itely @@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ the octave correction. The octave of notes may also be checked with the @code{\octave}@tie{}@var{controlpitch} command. @var{controlpitch} is specified in absolute mode. This checks that the interval between the -previous note and the @var{controlpitch} is within a fourth (i.e. the +previous note and the @var{controlpitch} is within a fourth (i.e., the normal calculation of relative mode). If this check fails, a warning is printed, but the previous note is not changed. Future notes are relative to the @var{controlpitch}. @@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ relative to the @var{controlpitch}. @end lilypond Compare the two bars below. The first and third @code{\octave} -check fail, but the second one does not fail. +checks fail, but the second one does not fail. @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment] \relative c'' { @@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ automatically transposed as well. } @end lilypond -If a part written in C (normal concert pitch) is to be played on +If a part written in C (normal @notation{concert pitch}) is to be played on the A clarinet (for which an A is notated as a C and thus sounds a minor third lower than notated), the appropriate part will be produced with: @@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ Further supported clefs are described under @ref{Ancient clefs}. By adding @code{_8} or @code{^8} to the clef name, the clef is transposed one octave down or up, respectively, and @code{_15} and -@code{^15} transposes by two octaves. The argument @var{clefname} +@code{^15} transpose by two octaves. The argument @var{clefname} must be enclosed in quotes when it contains underscores or digits. @cindex choral tenor clef @@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ playing in unison. \new Staff = "Vln" { \relative c'' { \set Staff.instrumentName = "Vln" - \set Staff.midiInstrument="violin" + \set Staff.midiInstrument = "violin" % strictly speaking not necessary, but a good reminder \transposition c' @@ -960,8 +960,8 @@ playing in unison. } \new Staff = "clarinet" { \relative c'' { - \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {Cl (B\flat)} - \set Staff.midiInstrument="clarinet" + \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup { Cl (B\flat) } + \set Staff.midiInstrument = "clarinet" \transposition bes % not concert pitch @@ -982,7 +982,8 @@ clarinet. \transposition a c d e f \textLengthOn -r1^\markup{Switch to B\flat clarinet} +s1*0^\markup { Switch to B\flat clarinet } +R1 \key bes \major \transposition bes @@ -1111,7 +1112,7 @@ both staves. @item default This is the default typesetting behavior. It corresponds to eighteenth-century common practice: accidentals are remembered to -the end of the measure in which they occur and only on their own +the end of the measure in which they occur and only in their own octave. Thus, in the example below, no natural signs are printed before the@tie{}@code{b} in the second measure or the last@tie{}@code{c}: @@ -1163,7 +1164,7 @@ musicB = { @end lilypond @item voice -The normal behavior is to remember the accidentals on Staff-level. +The normal behavior is to remember the accidentals at @code{Staff}-level. In this style, however, accidentals are typeset individually for each voice. Apart from that, the rule is similar to @code{default}. @@ -1479,8 +1480,8 @@ musicB = { This rule reflects twentieth-century practice for piano notation. Its behavior is very similar to @code{modern} style, but here accidentals also get canceled across the staves in the same -GrandStaff or PianoStaff, hence all the cancellations of the final -notes. +@code{GrandStaff} or @code{PianoStaff}, hence all the cancellations +of the final notes. This accidental style applies to the current @code{GrandStaff} or @code{PianoStaff} by default. @@ -1648,7 +1649,7 @@ musicB = { This is the opposite of @code{no-reset}: Accidentals are not remembered at all -- and hence all accidentals are typeset -relative to the key signature, regardless of what was before in +relative to the key signature, regardless of what came before in the music: @lilypond[quote,ragged-right] @@ -1755,12 +1756,13 @@ printed if they are not part of the key signature. \layout { \context { \Voice - \consists Ambitus_engraver + \consists "Ambitus_engraver" } } \relative c'' { - aes c e2 cis,2 + aes c e2 + cis,1 } @end lilypond @@ -1928,9 +1930,11 @@ Shape note heads can be produced by setting @code{\aikenHeads} or @lilypond[verbatim,fragment,quote,ragged-right,relative=1] \aikenHeads -c8 d4 e8 a2 g1 +c8 d4 e8 a2 +g1 \sacredHarpHeads -c,8 d4 e8 a2 g1 +c,8 d4 e8 a2 +g1 @end lilypond Shapes are typeset according to the step in the scale, where @@ -1973,15 +1977,15 @@ rhythm. Such note heads can be created: @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right] \new Voice \with { - \consists Pitch_squash_engraver + \consists "Pitch_squash_engraver" } \transpose c c' { e8 e g a a16( bes) a8 g \improvisationOn - e8 - ~e2~e8 f4 fis8 - ~fis2 + e8 ~ + e2 ~ e8 f4 f8 ~ + f2 \improvisationOff - a16(bes) a8 g e + a16( bes) a8 g e } @end lilypond diff --git a/Documentation/user/rhythms.itely b/Documentation/user/rhythms.itely index eb4a9703c3..859c70b293 100644 --- a/Documentation/user/rhythms.itely +++ b/Documentation/user/rhythms.itely @@ -178,8 +178,8 @@ tuplet is the triplet in which 3 notes have the duration of 2, so the notes are 2/3 of their written length. @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2] -a2 \times 2/3 {b4 b b} -c4 c \times 2/3 {b4 a g} +a2 \times 2/3 { b4 b b } +c4 c \times 2/3 { b4 a g } @end lilypond @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ Tuplets may be nested: @lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2] \autoBeamOff -c4 \times 4/5 { f8 e f \times 2/3 {e[ f g] } } f4 | +c4 \times 4/5 { f8 e f \times 2/3 { e[ f g] } } f4 | @end lilypond Modifying nested tuplets which begin at the same musical moment @@ -370,12 +370,13 @@ dots cannot be used to denote the rhythm. Ties should also be used when note values cross larger subdivisions of the measure: @lilypond[fragment,quote,ragged-right] -\relative { - r8 c8 ~ c2 r4 | r8^"not" c2 ~ c8 r4 +\relative c' { + r8 c8 ~ c2 r4 | + r8^"not" c2 ~ c8 r4 } @end lilypond -If you need to tie a lot of notes across bar lines, it may be +If you need to tie many notes across bar lines, it may be easier to use automatic note splitting, see @ref{Automatic note splitting}. This mechanism automatically splits long notes, and ties them across bar lines. @@ -389,7 +390,7 @@ created. Chords may be partially tied by placing the tie inside the chord. @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=1] - ~ + ~ @end lilypond @@ -408,7 +409,7 @@ have to specify the repeated tie as follows: % First alternative: following note is tied normally { 2. r4 } % Second alternative: following note has a repeated tie - {2\repeatTie d4 c }} + { 2\repeatTie d4 c } } @end lilypond @cindex laissez vibrer @@ -420,7 +421,7 @@ notes must not be damped at the end. It is used in notation for piano, harp and other string and percussion instruments. They can be entered as follows: -@lilypond[fragment,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=1] +@lilypond[fragment,quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=1] \laissezVibrer @end lilypond @@ -585,9 +586,9 @@ note with note name @code{s} or with the predefined skip command followed by the required duration, as shown here: @lilypond[fragment,quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2] -% Skip the third beat in the first bar +% Skip the third beat in the first measure a4 a4 s4 a4 -% Use skip command to skip a whole note (bar) +% Use skip command to skip a whole note (measure) \skip 1 a2 a2 @end lilypond @@ -608,9 +609,9 @@ use the predefined skip command: The @code{s} skip rest implicitly causes @code{Staff} and @code{Voice} contexts to be created if none exist, just like notes and rests do. These in turn cause a staff with default -clef and time signature to be printed, with if necessary, barlines. +clef and time signature to be printed, with bar lines if necessary. For example, the following results in a complete staff with three -short empty bars: +short empty measures: @lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,ragged-right] { s1 s s } @@ -672,10 +673,10 @@ printed above the measure: \time 3/4 r2. | R2.*2 | \time 2/4 R2 | \time 4/4 -% Rest bars contracted to single bar +% Rest measures contracted to single measure \compressFullBarRests r1 | R1*17 | R1*4 | -% Rest bars expanded +% Rest measures expanded \expandFullBarRests \time 3/4 R2.*2 | @@ -747,26 +748,26 @@ it to a zero-length skip note preceding the rest. @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2] \compressFullBarRests \textLengthOn -s1*0^\markup {[MAJOR GENERAL]} +s1*0^\markup { [MAJOR GENERAL] } R1*19 -s1*0^\markup {[MABEL] } -s1*0_\markup {\italic {Cue: ... it is yours}} +s1*0^\markup { [MABEL] } +s1*0_\markup { \italic { Cue: ... it is yours } } R1*30 \textLengthOff -c4^\markup {CHORUS} d f c +c4^\markup { CHORUS } d f c @end lilypond @noindent Text attached to a skip note in this way is left-aligned to the -position where the note would be placed in the bar, and placed -above the bar count numeral, but if the bar length is +position where the note would be placed in the measure, and placed +above the measure count numeral, but if the measure length is determined by the length of the text, the text will appear to be centered. If two (or more) texts are -attached to skip notes in a bar the bar length is determined by +attached to skip notes in a measure the measure length is determined by the longer text, and the shorter text is then clearly -left-aligned, as shown in the second bar above. If the shorter +left-aligned, as shown in the second measure above. If the shorter text of two marks is short enough to fit it will be placed -alongside and to the left of the bar count numeral. +alongside and to the left of the measure count numeral. @predefined @code{\textLengthOn}, @@ -1019,7 +1020,7 @@ The property @code{measurePosition} contains a rational number indicating how much of the measure has passed at this point. Note that this is set to a negative number by the @code{\partial} command: i.e., @code{\partial 4} is internally translated to -@code{-4}, meaning @qq{there is a quarter note left in the bar.} +@code{-4}, meaning @qq{there is a quarter note left in the measure.} @seealso @@ -1152,7 +1153,7 @@ tsMarkup = \markup { } @end lilypond -@strong{Staves with different time signatures, equal bar lengths} +@strong{Staves with different time signatures, equal measure lengths} This notation can be created by setting a common time signature for each staff but replacing the symbol manually by setting @@ -1195,7 +1196,7 @@ staff, shown durations are multiplied by 3/5, as 3/5 * 10/8 = 3/4. @strong{Staves with different time signatures, unequal bar lengths} Each staff can be given its own independent time signature by -moving the Timing_translator to the Staff context. +moving the @code{Timing_translator} to the @code{Staff} context. @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right] \layout { @@ -1216,15 +1217,21 @@ moving the Timing_translator to the Staff context. \relative c' << \new Staff { \time 3/4 - c4 c c | c c c | + c4 c c | + c c c | } \new Staff { \time 2/4 - c4 c | c c | c c + c4 c | + c c | + c c | } \new Staff { \time 3/8 - c4. c8 c c c4. c8 c c + c4. | + c8 c c | + c4. | + c8 c c | } >> @end lilypond @@ -1273,7 +1280,7 @@ example, notes crossing the bar lines are split and tied. \consists "Completion_heads_engraver" } -{c2. c8 d4 e f g a b c8 c2 b4 a g16 f4 e d c8. c2} +{ c2. c8 d4 e f g a b c8 c2 b4 a g16 f4 e d c8. c2 } @end lilypond This engraver splits all running notes at the bar line, and @@ -1408,7 +1415,7 @@ property: @code{\override Beam #'breakable = ##t}. @lilypond[ragged-right,relative=2,fragment,verbatim,quote] \override Beam #'breakable = ##t -c8 \repeat unfold 15 {c[ c] } c +c8 \repeat unfold 15 { c[ c] } c @end lilypond @cindex beams and line breaks @@ -1535,7 +1542,8 @@ You can also remove a previously set beam-ending rule by using @end example @noindent -be, p, q, n, m, a, b and context are the same as above. Note that the +@code{be}, @code{p}, @code{q}, @code{n}, @code{m}, @code{a}, +@code{b} and @code{context} are the same as above. Note that the default rules are specified in @file{scm/@/auto@/-beam@/.scm}, so you can revert rules that you did not explicitly create. @@ -1546,8 +1554,9 @@ a16 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a16 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a @end lilypond -The rule in a revert-auto-beam-setting statement must exactly match the -original rule. That is, no wildcard expansion is taken into account. +The rule in a @code{revert-auto-beam-setting} statement must exactly +match the original rule. That is, no wildcard expansion is taken into +account. @lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2] \time 1/4 @@ -1673,7 +1682,7 @@ setting the properties @code{stemLeftBeamCount} and draw on the left and right side, respectively, of the next note. If either property is set, its value will be used only once, and then it is erased. In this example, the last @code{f} is printed -with only one beam on the left side, i.e. the eighth-note beam of +with only one beam on the left side, i.e., the eighth-note beam of the group as a whole. @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1,verbatim] @@ -1699,7 +1708,7 @@ should be played at an increasing (or decreasing) tempo, without changing the overall tempo of the piece. The extent of the feathered beam must be indicated manually using @code{[} and @code{]}, and the beam feathering is turned on by specifying a -direction to the Beam property @code{grow-direction}. +direction to the @code{Beam} property @code{grow-direction}. If the placement of the notes and the sound in the MIDI output is to reflect the ritardando or accelerando indicated by the @@ -1782,20 +1791,20 @@ e4 d c2 \bar "|." @warning{An incorrect duration can lead to poorly formatted music.} -It is not invalid if the final note in a bar does not +It is not invalid if the final note in a measure does not end on the automatically entered bar line: the note is assumed -to carry over into the next bar. But if a long sequence -of such carry-over bars appears the music can appear compressed +to carry over into the next measure. But if a long sequence +of such carry-over measures appears the music can appear compressed or even flowing off the page. This is because automatic line -breaks happen only at the end of complete bars, i.e. where -the end of a note coincides with the end of a bar. +breaks happen only at the end of complete measures, i.e., where +the end of a note coincides with the end of a measure. @cindex line breaks @cindex bar lines, invisible @cindex measure lines, invisible Line breaks are also permitted at manually inserted bar lines -even within incomplete bars. To allow a line break without +even within incomplete measures. To allow a line break without printing a bar line, use @example @@ -1809,10 +1818,10 @@ counter is not increased. To force a line break see @ref{Line breaking}. This and other special bar lines may be inserted manually at any -point. When they coincide with the end of a bar they replace +point. When they coincide with the end of a measure they replace the simple bar line which would have been inserted there automatically. When they do not coincide -with the end of a bar the specified bar line is inserted at that +with the end of a measure the specified bar line is inserted at that point in the printed output. Such insertions do not affect the calculation and placement of subsequent automatic bar lines. @@ -1956,14 +1965,14 @@ c c c c @c and moved into the Snippets. -gp @noindent -and here the bar numbers are printed every two bars +and here the bar numbers are printed every two measures except at the end of the line: @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote,fragment,relative] \override Score.BarNumber #'break-visibility = ##(#f #t #t) \set Score.currentBarNumber = #11 \bar "" % Permit first bar number to be printed -% Print a bar number every 2nd bar +% Print a bar number every second measure \set Score.barNumberVisibility = #(every-nth-bar-number-visible 2) c1 c c c c \break @@ -2002,7 +2011,7 @@ of specifying @code{#(#f #t #t)} for @code{break-visibility}. Bar numbers by default are left-aligned to their parent object. This is usually the left edge of a line or, if numbers are printed -within a line, the left bar line of the bar. The numbers may also +within a line, the left bar line of the measure. The numbers may also be positioned directly on the bar line or right-aligned to the bar line: @@ -2011,7 +2020,7 @@ bar line: \override Score.BarNumber #'break-visibility = ##(#t #t #t) % Increase the size of the bar number by 2 \override Score.BarNumber #'font-size = #2 -% Print a bar number every 2nd bar +% Print a bar number every second measure \set Score.barNumberVisibility = #(every-nth-bar-number-visible 2) c1 c1 % Center-align bar numbers @@ -2022,8 +2031,8 @@ c1 c1 c1 c1 @end lilypond -Bar numbers can be removed entirely by removing the Bar number -engraver from the score context. +Bar numbers can be removed entirely by removing the +@code{Bar_number_engraver} from the @code{Score} context. @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote] \layout { @@ -2323,13 +2332,13 @@ If you want to end a note with a grace, use the @code{\afterGrace} command. It takes two arguments: the main note, and the grace notes following the main note. -@lilypond[ragged-right, verbatim,relative=2,fragment] +@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment] c1 \afterGrace d1 { c16[ d] } c4 @end lilypond This will put the grace notes after a @q{space} lasting 3/4 of the length of the main note. The fraction 3/4 can be changed by -setting @code{afterGraceFraction}, ie. +setting @code{afterGraceFraction}, i.e., @example #(define afterGraceFraction (cons 7 8)) @@ -2350,7 +2359,7 @@ The same effect can be achieved manually by doing @noindent By adjusting the duration of the skip note (here it is a -half-note), the space between the main-note and the grace +half-note), the space between the main note and the grace may be adjusted. A @code{\grace} music expression will introduce special @@ -2481,8 +2490,8 @@ cadenza, otherwise they will start too soon or too late. A solution to this problem is to use the functions @code{mmrest-of-length} and @code{skip-of-length}. These Scheme -functions take a piece of music as argument, and generate a multi-rest -or @code{\skip}, exactly as long as the piece. The use of +functions take a piece of music as argument, and generate a multi-measure +rest or @code{\skip}, exactly as long as the piece. The use of @code{mmrest-of-length} is demonstrated in the following example. @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]