From: Graham Percival Date: Sun, 10 Feb 2008 23:52:28 +0000 (-0800) Subject: Update from Kurt and minor fixes. X-Git-Tag: release/2.11.40-1~3^2~20^2^2~2 X-Git-Url: https://git.donarmstrong.com/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=acd2c368bd19c508a6dabda528187029418c15d2;p=lilypond.git Update from Kurt and minor fixes. --- diff --git a/Documentation/user/music-glossary.tely b/Documentation/user/music-glossary.tely index e618107881..ca59d89575 100644 --- a/Documentation/user/music-glossary.tely +++ b/Documentation/user/music-glossary.tely @@ -297,6 +297,7 @@ Languages in this order. * lilypond:: * ligature:: * line:: +* loco:: * long appoggiatura:: * longa:: * lyrics:: @@ -334,11 +335,11 @@ Languages in this order. * note head:: * note names:: * note value:: +* octavation:: * octave sign:: * octave:: * ornament:: * ossia:: -* ottava:: * part:: * pause:: * pennant:: @@ -361,6 +362,7 @@ Languages in this order. * quadruplet:: * quarter note:: * quarter rest:: +* quarter tone:: * quintuplet:: * rallentando:: * relative key:: @@ -1885,7 +1887,58 @@ DK: ?, S: ?, FI: ?. -FIXME: this is a placeholder +The pitch at which the piano and other nontransposing instruments play: such +instruments are said to be @q{in C}. The following list includes some (but not +all) instruments that play in concert pitch: + +@itemize + +@item Woodwinds +@itemize +@item flute +@item oboe +@item bassoon +@end itemize + +@item Brass +@itemize +@item alto trombone +@item tenor trombone +@item bass trombone +@end itemize + +@item Strings +@itemize +@item violin +@item viola +@item violincello +@end itemize + +@item piano + +@end itemize + +The trombones are a special case: although they are said to be @q{in F} (alto or +bass) or @q{in B-flat} (tenor), this refers to their fundamental note, not to +their parts' transposition. (In fact, the trombones' parts are written at +concert pitch with an appropriate clef -- alto, tenor or bass.) This differs +from other instruments @q{in F}, @q{in B-flat}, and so on, which are transposing +instruments. + +Instruments that play @q{in C} but in a different octave than what is written +are, technically speaking, @emph{transposing instruments}: + +@itemize + +@item piccolo (plays an octave higher) +@item celesta (plays an octave higher) +@item double-bass (plays an octave lower) + +@end itemize + +@seealso + +@ref{transposing instrument}. @node conjunct movement @@ -3002,11 +3055,15 @@ example, a series of notes to be played on the G string would be indicated @samp{sul G}, another series to be played on the D string would be indicated @samp{sul D}, and so on. +@item +With an octave indication (also called @emph{octavation}, q.v.) to indicate that +a passage is to be played higher or lower by the given number of octaves. + @end itemize @seealso -@ref{melisma}, @ref{sul G}, @ref{thorough bass} +@ref{melisma}, @ref{sul G}, @ref{thorough bass}, @ref{octavation}. @node F @@ -4020,6 +4077,26 @@ FI: viiva, nuottiviiva. @ref{staff}. +@node loco +@section loco + +ES: ?, +I: loco, +F: ?, +D: ?, +NL: ?, +DK: ?, +S: ?, +FI: ?. + +[From Italian, @q{place}]. Instruction to play the following passage at the +written pitch. Cancels octavation (q.v.). + +@seealso + +@ref{octavation}. + + @node long appoggiatura @section long appoggiatura @@ -4852,9 +4929,71 @@ dotted notes are also frequently used. @end lilypond +@node octavation +@section octavation + +ES: ?, +I: ?, +F: ?, +D: ?, +NL: ?, +DK: ?, +S: ?, +FI: ?. + +The use of a phrase or abbreviation with an extender line or bracket to indicate +that a passage is to be played in a different octave: + +@itemize + +@item @samp{15ma}: play two octaves higher +@item @samp{8va}: play one octave higher +@item @samp{8vb}: play one octave lower +@item @samp{8va} written below the passage: same as @samp{8vb} +@item @samp{15vb}: play two octaves lower +@item @samp{15va} written below the passage: same as @samp{15vb} + +@end itemize + +Another practice, which may be useful for longer passages, is to indicate the +different octave with a phrase at the beginning (see below). When the music +returns to the written pitch, the octavation is cancelled with the word +@emph{loco} (q.v.). + +To parallel the list above: + +@itemize + +@item @samp{15ma}: @emph{alla quindicesima (alta)} +@item @samp{8va}: @emph{all'ottava} or @emph{ottava sopra} +@item @samp{8vb}: @emph{ottava bassa}, @emph{ottava sotto} +@item @samp{15vb}: @emph{alla quindicesima (bassa)} + +@end itemize + +@emph{Quindicesima} can be replaced with @emph{quindecima}, which is Latin. + +@seealso + +@ref{interval}, @ref{loco}, @ref{octave}. + + @node octave sign @section octave sign +ES: ?, +I: ?, +F: ?, +D: ?, +NL: ?, +DK: ?, +S: ?, +FI: ?. + +Putting 8 or 15 above or below the clef to indicate that the entire part is +played in the indicated octave: a clef-wide octavation. An octave sign can be +applied to any clef, though it is most frequently used with the G and F clefs. + @seealso @ref{G clef}, @ref{F clef}. @@ -4872,9 +5011,14 @@ DK: oktav, S: oktav, FI: oktaavi. +The interval of an octave, sometimes abbreviated @samp{8ve}. + +For uses like @emph{all'ottava} or @emph{8va} with an extender line or +bracket, or @samp{loco} see octavation. + @seealso -@ref{ottava}, @ref{interval}. +@ref{interval}, @ref{octavation}. @node ornament @@ -4955,33 +5099,6 @@ score, usually only a few measures long, which presents another version of the music, for example for small hands. -@node ottava -@section ottava - -@c TODO: translations - -ES: ?, -I: ottava, -F: octave, -DE: Oktavierung, -NL: ?, -DK: ?, -S: ?, -FI: ?. - -[From Italian] The interval of an octave, abbreviated 8va. - -@emph{All'ottava}, @emph{ottava alta}, @emph{ottava sopra}, or -@emph{8va} written above a passage indicates that it should be played -an octave higher than written. @emph{Ottava bassa}, @emph{ottava -sotto}, or @emph{8va} written below a passage indicates that it should -be played an octave lower than written. - -@seealso - -@ref{interval}. - - @node part @section part @@ -5352,6 +5469,25 @@ FI: neljännesosatauko. @ref{note value}. +@node quarter tone +@section quarter tone + +ES: ?, +I: ?, +F: quart de ton, +D: Viertelton, +NL: kwart toon, +DK: ?, +S: kvartston, +FI: ?. + +An interval equal to half a semitone. + +@seealso + +@ref{interval} + + @node quintuplet @section quintuplet @@ -6516,7 +6652,27 @@ DK: ?, S: ?, FI: ?. -FIXME: this is a placeholder +Instruments whose notated pitch is different from their sounded pitch. Except +for those whose notated and sounding pitches differ by one or more octaves (to +reduce the number of ledger lines needed), most such instruments are identified +by the letter name of the pitch class of their fundamental. The pitch class is +the note that @emph{sounds} (disregarding the octave in which it sounds) when +the instrument plays a notated C. + +For example: when played on the B-flat clarinet, the note middle C @emph{sounds} +the B-flat one tone lower. If played on the A clarinet, the same written +note sounds the A (one and half tones -- a minor third -- lower). + +Not all transposing instruments include the pitch class in their name: + +@itemize +@item English horn (in F) +@item Alto flute (in G) +@end itemize + +@seealso + +@ref{concert pitch}. @node transposition diff --git a/Documentation/user/pitches.itely b/Documentation/user/pitches.itely index 7ab2d92892..e38bc88086 100644 --- a/Documentation/user/pitches.itely +++ b/Documentation/user/pitches.itely @@ -316,8 +316,7 @@ cis @seealso Music Glossary: @rglos{sharp}, @rglos{flat}, @rglos{double sharp}, -@rglos{double flat}, @rglos{Pitch names}. -@c FIXME: add @rglos{quarter-tone} +@rglos{double flat}, @rglos{Pitch names}, @rglos{quarter-tone}. Learning Manual: @rlearning{Accidentals and key signatures}. @@ -869,8 +868,7 @@ The @code{set-octavation} function also takes -1 (for 8va bassa), @seealso -Music Glossary: @rglos{ottava}. -@c FIXME? @rglos{15ma}, @rglos{8va}, @rglos{8ve}, @rgloss{octavation} +Music Glossary: @rglos{octavation}. Snippets: @lsrdir{Pitches,Pitches}.