From: David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 28 May 2015 15:36:12 +0000 (+0200)
Subject: Run scripts/auxiliar/update-with-convert-ly.sh -f 2.19.20
X-Git-Tag: release/2.19.22-1~68^2~23
X-Git-Url: https://git.donarmstrong.com/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=a94d26b6693cad58b946a01b7efaaed29480f063;p=lilypond.git

Run scripts/auxiliar/update-with-convert-ly.sh -f 2.19.20

Then revert Documentation/snippets/*.ly
---

diff --git a/Documentation/ca/learning/common-notation.itely b/Documentation/ca/learning/common-notation.itely
index fa380958ec..e58919ca28 100644
--- a/Documentation/ca/learning/common-notation.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ca/learning/common-notation.itely
@@ -1245,11 +1245,11 @@ lletra a les notes.
 @c but the example is long enough to avoid looking strange.
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,noragged-right]
 <<
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key g \major
     \time 3/4
     \partial 4
-    d4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
+    d'4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
     d4 d e | c2
   }
   \addlyrics {
@@ -1304,20 +1304,20 @@ del @notation{Judas Macabeu} de Haendel:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    c8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
+    c''8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let | flee -- cy flocks the | hills a -- | dorn, __
   }
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    r8 | r4. r4 c8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
+    r8 | r4. r4 c'8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let | flee -- cy flocks the | hills a -- dorn,
diff --git a/Documentation/ca/learning/fundamental.itely b/Documentation/ca/learning/fundamental.itely
index 59ddb2ecc8..21f4bcf00b 100644
--- a/Documentation/ca/learning/fundamental.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ca/learning/fundamental.itely
@@ -886,12 +886,12 @@ ignoreu tot el que no entengueu.
 @c The following should appear as music without code
 @c The three voice styles should be defined in -init
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\new Staff \relative c'' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \key aes \major
   <<
     {  % Veu u
       \voiceOneStyle
-      c2 aes4. bes8
+      c''2 aes4. bes8
     }
   \\  % Veu dos
     { \voiceTwoStyle
@@ -1061,18 +1061,18 @@ indicacions de dinàmica:
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceOne
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
@@ -1093,10 +1093,10 @@ melodia principal està ara dins d'un context d'una sola veu, fent
 que es pugui traçar una lligadura per sobre d'elles.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \voiceOneStyle
   % Aquesta secció és homofònica
-  c16^( d e f
+  c'16^( d e f
   % Comença una secció simultània de tres veus
   <<
     % Continua la veu principal en paral·lel
@@ -1156,11 +1156,11 @@ notes espaiadores per passar per sobre de les seccions on una veu
 està en silenci, com per exemple:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' <<
+\new Staff \relative <<
   % Inicia la primera veu
   \new Voice {
     \voiceOne
-    c16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e) |
+    c'16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e) |
   }
   % Inicia la segona veu
   \new Voice {
@@ -1259,10 +1259,10 @@ mitjançant @code{\lyricsto@{@}}, usant el nom assignat a la veu.
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 <<
   \new Voice = "una" {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \autoBeamOff
       \time 2/4
-      c4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
+      c''4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
     }
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "una" {
@@ -1808,13 +1808,13 @@ etiquetat, però no el segon, perquè hem omès el nom del context.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 <<
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Soprano"
-    c2 c
+    c''2 c
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set instrumentName = #"Alto"  % Incorrecte!
-    d2 d
+    d'2 d
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1859,9 +1859,9 @@ Així, això desactivarà els bequadres addicionals a un pentagrama:
   \new Staff \relative {
     aeses'2 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
-    aeses2 aes
+    aeses'2 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1874,9 +1874,9 @@ i això els desactivarà a tots els pentagrames:
   \new Staff \relative {
     aeses'2 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Score.extraNatural = ##f
-    aeses2 aes
+    aeses'2 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -2124,15 +2124,15 @@ partir d'aquesta única veu:
   \new Voice \with {
     \consists "Ambitus_engraver"
   } {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2149,15 +2149,15 @@ pentagrama:
 }
 <<
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2485,18 +2485,18 @@ musicaBaix = \relative {
 
 lletraBaix = \lletraSoprano
 
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2 |
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2 |
 }
 
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2 |
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2 |
 }
@@ -2715,17 +2715,17 @@ musicaBaix = \relative {
   r4 d'2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
 }
 lletraBaix = \lletraSoprano
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2 |
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2 |
 }
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2 |
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2 |
 }
@@ -3137,9 +3137,9 @@ fthenp =_\markup {
   \dynamic f \italic \small { 2nd } \hspace #0.1 \dynamic p
 }
 
-violí = \relative c'' {
+violí = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    c4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b |
+    c''4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b |
     \padText
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d |
     c,4.\fthenp b8 c4 c-. |
@@ -3161,9 +3161,9 @@ reescrit sense cap identificador.  Trobareu que és molt més
 difícil de llegir, sobretot l'última línia.
 
 @example
-violí = \relative c'' @{
+violí = \relative @{
   \repeat volta 2 @{
-    c4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b |
+    c''4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b |
     \once \override TextScript.padding = #5.0
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d |
     c,4.\markup @{
@@ -3299,7 +3299,7 @@ Aquesta instrucció estableix el valor de la propietat
 anterior, arribem al següent resultat
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\transpose f c' \relative c {
+\transpose f c' \relative {
   \time 2/4
   \set Score.skipBars = ##t
   R2*3 |
diff --git a/Documentation/ca/learning/tutorial.itely b/Documentation/ca/learning/tutorial.itely
index 31f7435d6e..5c9e519800 100644
--- a/Documentation/ca/learning/tutorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ca/learning/tutorial.itely
@@ -441,10 +441,10 @@ La @notation{indicació de tempo} i la @notation{indicació
 de metrònom} poden establir-se amb l'ordre @code{\tempo}:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante"
-  a4 a a
+  a'4 a a
   \time 6/8
   \tempo 4. = 96
   a4. a
@@ -500,11 +500,11 @@ Aquí teniu un petit exemple que mostra tots els elements anteriors
 a l'hora:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c, {
+\relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante" 4 = 120
-  c2 e8 c'
+  c,2 e8 c'
   g'2.
   f4 e d
   c4 c, r
diff --git a/Documentation/ca/learning/tweaks.itely b/Documentation/ca/learning/tweaks.itely
index 830a26f1e3..c24d32262c 100644
--- a/Documentation/ca/learning/tweaks.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ca/learning/tweaks.itely
@@ -4149,10 +4149,10 @@ aquí l'efecte dels dos mètodes:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Visible tempo marking
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \hide Score.MetronomeMark
     % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -4171,10 +4171,10 @@ aquí l'efecte dels dos mètodes:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Visible tempo marking
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \override Score.MetronomeMark.stencil = ##f
     % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -4329,9 +4329,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
    #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4374,9 +4374,9 @@ fitxer com @file{musica.ly}).
 @example
 \include "definicions.ily"
 
-\relative c'' @{
+\relative @{
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4396,9 +4396,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
    #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4477,9 +4477,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4552,9 +4552,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4779,7 +4779,7 @@ notes un color que depèn de la seva posició dins del pentagrama.
        ((0) (x11-color 'violet ))  ; for B
        )))
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   % Arrange to obtain color from color-notehead procedure
   \override NoteHead.color = #color-notehead
   a2 b | c2 d | e2 f | g2 a |
diff --git a/Documentation/cs/learning/common-notation.itely b/Documentation/cs/learning/common-notation.itely
index 88ced2b973..ba4277c89c 100644
--- a/Documentation/cs/learning/common-notation.itely
+++ b/Documentation/cs/learning/common-notation.itely
@@ -1173,11 +1173,11 @@ jimiž lze vyrovnat text s notami:
 @c but the example is long enough to avoid looking strange.
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,noragged-right]
 <<
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key g \major
     \time 3/4
     \partial 4
-    d4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
+    d'4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
     d4 d e | c2
   }
   \addlyrics {
@@ -1232,20 +1232,20 @@ Händelova díla @notation{Judas Maccabeus}:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    c8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
+    c''8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let | flee -- cy flocks the | hills a -- | dorn, __
   }
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    r8 | r4. r4 c8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
+    r8 | r4. r4 c'8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let | flee -- cy flocks the | hills a -- dorn,
diff --git a/Documentation/cs/learning/fundamental.itely b/Documentation/cs/learning/fundamental.itely
index c232085074..4b99b1f9e2 100644
--- a/Documentation/cs/learning/fundamental.itely
+++ b/Documentation/cs/learning/fundamental.itely
@@ -922,12 +922,12 @@ porozumět.
 @c The following should appear as music without code
 @c The three voice styles should be defined in -init
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\new Staff \relative c'' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \key aes \major
   <<
     {  % Voice one
       \voiceOneStyle
-      c2 aes4. bes8
+      c''2 aes4. bes8
     }
   \\  % Voice two
     { \voiceTwoStyle
@@ -1093,18 +1093,18 @@ mají příkazy @code{\oneVoice}, @code{\voiceOne} a @code{voiceTwo}
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceOne
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
@@ -1122,10 +1122,10 @@ tvaru červeného diamantu ukazují, že se hlavní hlas nachází v prostředí
 jednotlivého hlasu. Tím se může frázovací oblouček malovat nad ně.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \voiceOneStyle
   % The following notes are monophonic
-  c16^( d e f
+  c'16^( d e f
   % Start simultaneous section of three voices
   <<
     % Continue the main voice in parallel
@@ -1189,11 +1189,11 @@ se dají místa, kde se hlas nevyskytuje, přeskočit pomocí neviditelných not
 jako je tomu zde:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' <<
+\new Staff \relative <<
   % Initiate first voice
   \new Voice {
     \voiceOne
-    c16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e) |
+    c'16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e) |
   }
   % Initiate second voice
   \new Voice {
@@ -1287,10 +1287,10 @@ se použije označení přiřazené hlasu.
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 <<
   \new Voice = "one" {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \autoBeamOff
       \time 2/4
-      c4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
+      c''4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
     }
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" {
@@ -1866,13 +1866,13 @@ nicht, weil der Kontext ausgelassen wurde.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 <<
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Soprano"
-    c2 c
+    c''2 c
  }
-  \new Staff \relative c' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set instrumentName = #"Alto"  % Wrong!
-    d2 d
+    d'2 d
  }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1917,9 +1917,9 @@ ausgeschaltet sind:
   \new Staff \relative {
     ais'2 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
-    ais2 aes
+    ais'2 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1932,9 +1932,9 @@ während das dazu dient, sie in allen Systemen auszuschalten:
   \new Staff \relative {
     ais'2 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Score.extraNatural = ##f
-    ais2 aes
+    ais'2 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -2187,15 +2187,15 @@ und zeigt ihn an:
   \new Voice \with {
     \consists "Ambitus_engraver"
   } {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2212,15 +2212,15 @@ Stimmen in diesem Notensystem errechnet:
 }
 <<
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2561,17 +2561,17 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
   r4 d'2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2
 }
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2
 }
@@ -2799,17 +2799,17 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
   r4 d'2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2
 }
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2
 }
@@ -3238,9 +3238,9 @@ fthenp=_\markup {
     \dynamic f \italic \small { 2nd } \hspace #0.1 dynamic p
 }
 
-violin = \relative c'' {
+violin = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    c4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b
+    c''4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b
     \padText
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d
     c,4.\fthenp b8 c4 c-.
@@ -3262,9 +3262,9 @@ vorige Beispiel ohne jede Benutzung von Variablen.  Es ist
 sehr viel schwerer lesbar, besonders die letzte Zeile.
 
 @example
-violin = \relative c'' @{
+violin = \relative @{
   \repeat volta 2 @{
-    c4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b
+    c''4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b
     \once \override TextScript.padding = #5.0
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d
     c,4.\markup @{
@@ -3398,7 +3398,7 @@ Dieser Befehl setzt die Eigenschaft @code{skipBars} im
 Beispiel:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\transpose f c' \relative c {
+\transpose f c' \relative {
   \time 2/4
   \set Score.skipBars = ##t
   R2*3 |
diff --git a/Documentation/cs/learning/tutorial.itely b/Documentation/cs/learning/tutorial.itely
index 8b940467be..9719d9d072 100644
--- a/Documentation/cs/learning/tutorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/cs/learning/tutorial.itely
@@ -430,10 +430,10 @@ Slovníček: @rglos{tempo indication}, @rglos{metronome}.
 zapsat příkazem @code{\tempo}:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante"
-  a4 a a
+  a'4 a a
   \time 6/8
   \tempo 4. = 96
   a4. a
@@ -479,11 +479,11 @@ Slovníček: @rglos{clef}.
 Zde je malý příklad, který obsahuje všechna tato vymezení:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c, {
+\relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante" 4 = 120
-  c2 e8 c'
+  c,2 e8 c'
   g'2.
   f4 e d
   c4 c, r4
diff --git a/Documentation/cs/learning/tweaks.itely b/Documentation/cs/learning/tweaks.itely
index d5b9ebff09..c08faed18b 100644
--- a/Documentation/cs/learning/tweaks.itely
+++ b/Documentation/cs/learning/tweaks.itely
@@ -3848,10 +3848,10 @@ einem entfernten Objekt gezeigt:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Visible tempo marking
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \override Score.MetronomeMark.transparent = ##t
     % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -3867,10 +3867,10 @@ einem entfernten Objekt gezeigt:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Visible tempo marking
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \override Score.MetronomeMark.stencil = ##f
     % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -4028,9 +4028,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
     #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4077,9 +4077,9 @@ Noten (in der Datei @file{music.ly}).
 @example
 \include "definitions.ily"
 
-\relative c'' @{
+\relative @{
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4102,9 +4102,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
    #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4188,9 +4188,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4268,9 +4268,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4532,7 +4532,7 @@ zu ihrer Position innerhalb der Tonleiter gesetzt.
        ((0) (x11-color 'violet ))  ; for B
        )))
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   % Arrange to obtain color from color-notehead procedure
   \override NoteHead.color = #color-notehead
   a2 b | c2 d | e2 f | g2 a |
diff --git a/Documentation/de/essay/engraving.itely b/Documentation/de/essay/engraving.itely
index f6aaf54145..b968490c7f 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/essay/engraving.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/essay/engraving.itely
@@ -494,22 +494,22 @@ global = {
       \override StaffSymbol.staff-space = #(magstep -4)
       \override StaffSymbol.thickness = #(magstep -3)
     }
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \global
       \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Violin"
-      c8.(\f^> b16 c d) ees8.(^> d16 c b)
+      c'8.(\f^> b16 c d) ees8.(^> d16 c b)
       g8.(^> b16 c ees) g8-.^> r r
       R2.
     }
     \new PianoStaff <<
       \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Piano"
-      \new Staff \relative c' {
+      \new Staff \relative {
         \global
         s2.
-        s4. s8 r8 r16 <c f aes c>
+        s4. s8 r8 r16 <c' f aes c>
         <c f aes c>4.^> <c ees g>8 r r
       }
-      \new Staff \relative c {
+      \new Staff \relative {
         \global
         \clef "bass"
         <<
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ Anders gesagt: welcher von den drei Konfigurationen sollte für
 den folgenden Bogen ausgewählt werden?
 
 @lilypond
-\relative c {
+\relative {
   \clef bass
   \once \override Slur.positions = #'(1.5 . 1)
   e8[( f] g[ a b d,)] r4
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ verliehen.  Das erste Beispiel erhält 15.39 Punkte, weil einer der
 Notenköpfe angeschnitten wird:
 
 @lilypond
-\relative c {
+\relative {
   \clef bass
   \once \override Slur.positions = #'(1.5 . 1)
   e8[(_"15.39" f] g[ a b d,)] r4
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ und 9.37 Punkte auf der rechten Seite verliehen, plus weiteren
 Insgesamt also 13.08 Punkte:
 
 @lilypond
-\relative c {
+\relative {
   \clef bass
   \once \override Slur.positions = #'(2 . 3)
   e8[(_"13.08" f] g[ a b d,)] r4
@@ -833,24 +833,24 @@ Version von LilyPond:
 @lilypond[staffsize=19.5,line-width=14\cm]
 global = { \key g \minor }
 
-partI = \relative c' {
+partI = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  fis8 d' ees g, fis4 g
+  fis'8 d' ees g, fis4 g
   r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a d8 r r4
 }
 
-partII = \relative c' {
+partII = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  d4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
+  d'4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
   ees8 d c ees a, r r4
 }
 
-partIII = \relative c' {
+partIII = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  r2 r8 d ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
+  r2 r8 d' ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
 }
 
-partIV = \relative c {
+partIV = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
   d4 r r2
   r8 d ees g, fis4 a
@@ -1151,16 +1151,16 @@ Beispiel heranzieht:
 
 \new PianoStaff <<
   \new Staff = "RH" <<
-    \new Voice = "I" \relative c''' {
+    \new Voice = "I" \relative {
       \time 3/4
       \voiceOne
-      \tuplet 7/6 { g8 g g g g g g }
+      \tuplet 7/6 { g''8 g g g g g g }
       \oneVoice
       r4 <b,, fis' g bes> r4\fermata
     }
-    \new Voice = "II" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "II" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4
+      c'4
       \tuplet 5/4 {
         <c ees>8 f g
         \change Staff = "LH" \oneVoice
@@ -1455,8 +1455,8 @@ ausgerichtet, beim zweiten nach oben (rechts).
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c' {
-    \stemDown <e g b>4_>-\arpeggio
+  \relative {
+    \stemDown <e' g b>4_>-\arpeggio
     \override Arpeggio.direction = #RIGHT
     \stemUp <e g b>4^>-\arpeggio
   }
@@ -1524,11 +1524,11 @@ die Notenköpfe gezeichnet werden, während des Ausschnitts verändert.
                   ((-2) (make-smaller-markup (make-bold-markup "2")))
                   (else "bla")))))))))
 
-\new Voice \relative c' {
+\new Voice \relative {
   \stemUp
   \set autoBeaming = ##f
   \time 2/4
-  <d f g>4
+  <d' f g>4
   \once \override NoteHead.stencil = #note-head::brew-ez-stencil
   \once \override NoteHead.font-size = #-7
   \once \override NoteHead.font-family = #'sans
@@ -1751,9 +1751,9 @@ LilyPond, version @version{}:
 @lilypond[staffsize=14.3,line-width=15.9\cm]
 global = {\key g \minor}
 
-partI = \relative c' {
+partI = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  fis8 d' ees g, fis4 g
+  fis'8 d' ees g, fis4 g
   r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a d8 r r4
   r2 r8 d16 ees f8 ees16 d
   ees4 ~ 16 d c bes a4 r8 ees'16 d
@@ -1762,9 +1762,9 @@ partI = \relative c' {
   a2 g\fermata \bar "|."
 }
 
-partII = \relative c' {
+partII = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  d4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
+  d'4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
   ees8 d c ees a, r r4
   r8 fis16 g a8 g16 fis g2 ~
   2 r8 d' ees g,
@@ -1772,16 +1772,16 @@ partII = \relative c' {
   bes4. <g b>8 <a c> r <d, g> r
   <ees g>4 <d fis> d2
 }
-partIII = \relative c' {
+partIII = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  r2 r8 d ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
+  r2 r8 d' ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
   bes2 ~ 8 b16 a g8 a16 b
   c4 r r2
   R1
   r8 d ees g, fis4 g
   r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a b2
 }
-partIV = \relative c {
+partIV = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
   d4 r r2
   r8 d ees g, fis4 a
diff --git a/Documentation/de/extending/programming-interface.itely b/Documentation/de/extending/programming-interface.itely
index 78e86f1c39..b8258b60a5 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/extending/programming-interface.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/extending/programming-interface.itely
@@ -1396,10 +1396,10 @@ neu ausgerichtet wird.
              (eq? (car (last-pair siblings)) grob))
      (ly:grob-set-property! grob 'extra-offset '(-2 . 5)))))
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Tie.after-line-breaking =
   #my-callback
-  c1 ~ \break c2 ~ 2
+  c''1 ~ \break c2 ~ 2
 }
 @end lilypond
 
diff --git a/Documentation/de/extending/scheme-tutorial.itely b/Documentation/de/extending/scheme-tutorial.itely
index 3bbd78a357..90f8daebfe 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/extending/scheme-tutorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/extending/scheme-tutorial.itely
@@ -1616,9 +1616,9 @@ tempoPadded = #(define-music-function (parser location padding tempotext)
   \tempo \markup { \bold #tempotext }
 #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo \markup { "Low tempo" }
-  c4 d e f g1
+  c''4 d e f g1
   \tempoPadded #4.0 "High tempo"
   g4 f e d c1
 }
diff --git a/Documentation/de/learning/common-notation.itely b/Documentation/de/learning/common-notation.itely
index 2f324e2680..63a42bdaea 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/learning/common-notation.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/learning/common-notation.itely
@@ -1169,11 +1169,11 @@ zeigt, mit denen Text an den Noten ausgerichtet werden kann:
 @c but the example is long enough to avoid looking strange.
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,noragged-right]
 <<
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key g \major
     \time 3/4
     \partial 4
-    d4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
+    d'4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
     d4 d e | c2
   }
   \addlyrics {
@@ -1228,20 +1228,20 @@ aus Händels @notation{Judas Maccabäus}:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    c8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
+    c''8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let | flee -- cy flocks the | hills a -- | dorn, __
   }
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    r8 | r4. r4 c8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
+    r8 | r4. r4 c'8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let | flee -- cy flocks the | hills a -- dorn,
diff --git a/Documentation/de/learning/fundamental.itely b/Documentation/de/learning/fundamental.itely
index e466b5e9ae..3e218ffe67 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/learning/fundamental.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/learning/fundamental.itely
@@ -937,12 +937,12 @@ verstehen können.
 @c The following should appear as music without code
 @c The three voice styles should be defined in -init
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\new Staff \relative c'' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \key aes \major
   <<
     {  % Voice one
       \voiceOneStyle
-      c2 aes4. bes8
+      c''2 aes4. bes8
     }
   \\  % Voice two
     { \voiceTwoStyle
@@ -1110,18 +1110,18 @@ mit Text, Bögen und Dynamikbezeichnung anstellen:
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceOne
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
@@ -1141,10 +1141,10 @@ einem einzigen Stimmen (@code{voice})-Kontext befindet.  Somit kann ein
 Phrasierungsbogen ober sie gesetzt werden.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \voiceOneStyle
   % This section is homophonic
-  c16^( d e f
+  c'16^( d e f
   % Start simultaneous section of three voices
   <<
     % Continue the main voice in parallel
@@ -1209,11 +1209,11 @@ Hierbei kann man mit unsichtbaren Noten dann die Stellen überspringen,
 an denen die Stimme nicht auftaucht, wie etwa hier:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' <<
+\new Staff \relative <<
   % Initiate first voice
   \new Voice {
     \voiceOne
-    c16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e) |
+    c'16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e) |
   }
   % Initiate second voice
   \new Voice {
@@ -1317,10 +1317,10 @@ Bezeichnung der Stimme benutzt wird.
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 <<
   \new Voice = "one" {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \autoBeamOff
       \time 2/4
-      c4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
+      c''4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
     }
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" {
@@ -1901,13 +1901,13 @@ nicht, weil der Kontext ausgelassen wurde.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 <<
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Soprano"
-    c2 c
+    c''2 c
  }
-  \new Staff \relative c' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set instrumentName = #"Alto"  % Wrong!
-    d2 d
+    d'2 d
  }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1952,9 +1952,9 @@ ausgeschaltet sind:
   \new Staff \relative {
     aeses'2 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
-    aeses2 aes
+    aeses'2 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1967,9 +1967,9 @@ während das dazu dient, sie in allen Systemen auszuschalten:
   \new Staff \relative {
     aeses'2 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Score.extraNatural = ##f
-    aeses2 aes
+    aeses'2 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -2222,15 +2222,15 @@ und zeigt ihn an:
   \new Voice \with {
     \consists "Ambitus_engraver"
   } {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2247,15 +2247,15 @@ Stimmen in diesem Notensystem errechnet:
 }
 <<
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2596,17 +2596,17 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
   r4 d'2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2
 }
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2
 }
@@ -2834,17 +2834,17 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
   r4 d'2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2
 }
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2
 }
@@ -3273,9 +3273,9 @@ fthenp=_\markup {
     \dynamic f \italic \small { 2nd } \hspace #0.1 dynamic p
 }
 
-violin = \relative c'' {
+violin = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    c4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b
+    c''4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b
     \padText
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d
     c,4.\fthenp b8 c4 c-.
@@ -3297,9 +3297,9 @@ vorige Beispiel ohne jede Benutzung von Variablen.  Es ist
 sehr viel schwerer lesbar, besonders die letzte Zeile.
 
 @example
-violin = \relative c'' @{
+violin = \relative @{
   \repeat volta 2 @{
-    c4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b
+    c''4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b
     \once \override TextScript.padding = #5.0
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d
     c,4.\markup @{
@@ -3433,7 +3433,7 @@ Dieser Befehl setzt die Eigenschaft @code{skipBars} im
 Beispiel:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\transpose f c' \relative c {
+\transpose f c' \relative {
   \time 2/4
   \set Score.skipBars = ##t
   R2*3 |
diff --git a/Documentation/de/learning/tutorial.itely b/Documentation/de/learning/tutorial.itely
index 5c0267795b..2e5a69e66d 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/learning/tutorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/learning/tutorial.itely
@@ -440,10 +440,10 @@ Die @notation{Tempobezeichnung} und die @notation{Metronom-Angabe} können
 mit dem @code{\tempo}-Befehl gesetzt werden:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante"
-  a4 a a
+  a'4 a a
   \time 6/8
   \tempo 4. = 96
   a4. a
@@ -489,11 +489,11 @@ gesetzt werden:
 Hier ist ein kleines Beispiel, dass all diese Definitionen beinhaltet:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c, {
+\relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante" 4 = 120
-  c2 e8 c'
+  c,2 e8 c'
   g'2.
   f4 e d
   c4 c, r4
diff --git a/Documentation/de/learning/tweaks.itely b/Documentation/de/learning/tweaks.itely
index 70b0dfa25a..eb66ed5e3e 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/learning/tweaks.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/learning/tweaks.itely
@@ -3873,10 +3873,10 @@ einem entfernten Objekt gezeigt:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Visible tempo marking
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \override Score.MetronomeMark.transparent = ##t
     % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -3892,10 +3892,10 @@ einem entfernten Objekt gezeigt:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Visible tempo marking
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \override Score.MetronomeMark.stencil = ##f
     % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -4053,9 +4053,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
     #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4101,9 +4101,9 @@ Noten (in der Datei @file{music.ly}).
 @example
 \include "definitions.ily"
 
-\relative c'' @{
+\relative @{
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4126,9 +4126,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
    #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4212,9 +4212,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4292,9 +4292,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4521,7 +4521,7 @@ zu ihrer Position innerhalb der Tonleiter gesetzt.
        ((0) (x11-color 'violet ))  ; for B
        )))
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   % Arrange to obtain color from color-notehead procedure
   \override NoteHead.color = #color-notehead
   a2 b | c2 d | e2 f | g2 a |
diff --git a/Documentation/de/notation/ancient.itely b/Documentation/de/notation/ancient.itely
index 326d3a615a..aa88b1cfee 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/notation/ancient.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/notation/ancient.itely
@@ -930,10 +930,10 @@ was man als Variable definieren kann:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 ficta = { \once \set suggestAccidentals = ##t }
-\score { \relative c''
+\score { \relative
   \new MensuralVoice  {
 	\once \set suggestAccidentals = ##t
-  bes4 a2 g2 \ficta fis8 \ficta e! fis2 g1
+  bes'4 a2 g2 \ficta fis8 \ficta e! fis2 g1
   }
 }
 @end lilypond
@@ -2839,10 +2839,10 @@ gemacht):
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
-chant = \relative c' {
+chant = \relative {
   \clef "G_8"
   \set Score.timing = ##f
-  c\breve \hide NoteHead  c c c c c
+  c'\breve \hide NoteHead  c c c c c
   \undo \hide NoteHead
   \override Stem.transparent = ##f \stemUp c4 b4 a
   \hide Stem c2 c4  \divisioMaior
@@ -2895,10 +2895,10 @@ können sie mit unsichtbaren (@code{s})-Noten vorgenommen
 werden.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-spiritus = \relative c' {
+spiritus = \relative {
   \time 1/4
   \override Lyrics.LyricText.X-extent  = #'(0 . 3)
-  d4 \tuplet 3/2 { f8 a g } g a a4 g f8 e
+  d'4 \tuplet 3/2 { f8 a g } g a a4 g f8 e
   d4 f8 g g8 d f g a g f4 g8 a a4  s
   \tuplet 3/2 { g8 f d } e f g a g4
 }
diff --git a/Documentation/de/notation/changing-defaults.itely b/Documentation/de/notation/changing-defaults.itely
index e10634e939..c121b4e13b 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/notation/changing-defaults.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/notation/changing-defaults.itely
@@ -4445,9 +4445,9 @@ tempoPadded =
      \tempo \markup { \bold #tempotext }
    #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo \markup { "Low tempo" }
-  c4 d e f g1
+  c''4 d e f g1
   \tempoPadded #4.0 "High tempo"
   g4 f e d c1
 }
diff --git a/Documentation/de/notation/editorial.itely b/Documentation/de/notation/editorial.itely
index 0943ad9902..a365471248 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/notation/editorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/notation/editorial.itely
@@ -627,11 +627,11 @@ den Linien festgesetzt.
 
 \score {
   \new ChoirStaff <<
-    \new Staff \relative c'' {
+    \new Staff \relative {
       \stemUp
-      c4. d8 e8 f g4
+      c''4. d8 e8 f g4
     }
-    \new Staff \relative c {
+    \new Staff \relative {
       \clef bass
       \stemDown
       c4 g' f e
diff --git a/Documentation/de/notation/fretted-strings.itely b/Documentation/de/notation/fretted-strings.itely
index aeb07b572d..61572685b2 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/notation/fretted-strings.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/notation/fretted-strings.itely
@@ -306,9 +306,9 @@ Bindestriche über einen Zeilenumbruch werden standardmäßig in Klammern
 gesetzt.  Das gilt auch für die zweite Klammer einer Wiederholung.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-ties = \relative c' {
+ties = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    e2. f4~
+    e'2. f4~
     2 g2~
   }
   \alternative {
@@ -346,9 +346,9 @@ Der Befehl @code{\hideSplitTiedTabNotes} hebt das Verhalten auf, dass
 Bundnummern in Klammern gesetzt werden:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-ties = \relative c' {
+ties = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    e2. f4~
+    e'2. f4~
     2 g2~ }
   \alternative {
     { g4 f2. }
@@ -1750,10 +1750,10 @@ oder Flageoletttöne anzuzeigen.  Flageoletttöne werden normalerweise
 mit einem Text erklärt.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \clef "treble_8"
   \override Staff.NoteHead.style = #'harmonic-mixed
-  d^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
+  d'^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
 }
 @end lilypond
 
diff --git a/Documentation/de/notation/input.itely b/Documentation/de/notation/input.itely
index eabec21b28..2d4765e594 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/notation/input.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/notation/input.itely
@@ -613,10 +613,10 @@ einer @bs{}@code{score}-Umgebung verwenden wollen.}
 }
 
 \score {
-  \new Staff \relative g, {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \clef bass
     \key g \major
-    \repeat unfold 2 { g16( d' b') a b d, b' d, } |
+    \repeat unfold 2 { g,16( d' b') a b d, b' d, } |
     \repeat unfold 2 { g,16( e' c') b c e, c' e, } |
   }
   \header {
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ einer @bs{}@code{score}-Umgebung verwenden wollen.}
 }
 
 \score {
-  \new Staff \relative b {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \clef bass
     \key g \major
     \partial 16 b16 |
diff --git a/Documentation/de/notation/rhythms.itely b/Documentation/de/notation/rhythms.itely
index 1f076ec353..6f4f642df7 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/notation/rhythms.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/notation/rhythms.itely
@@ -1202,8 +1202,8 @@ Standard zurückgesetzt werden:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \score{
-  \relative c' {
-    \repeat unfold 8 { c8 } |
+  \relative {
+    \repeat unfold 8 { c'8 } |
     \overrideTimeSignatureSettings
       4/4        % timeSignatureFraction
       1/4        % baseMomentFraction
@@ -1746,9 +1746,9 @@ Zahl den Nenner des Bruches darstellt, während die vorherkommenden
 Zahlen die Zähler sind.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((2 2 2 8))
-  \repeat unfold 6 c8 \repeat unfold 12 c16
+  \repeat unfold 6 c'8 \repeat unfold 12 c16
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -1757,14 +1757,14 @@ werden (von Klammern abgegrenzt).  Automatische Balken werden
 entsprechend der Werte angepasst.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((1 4) (3 8))
-  \repeat unfold 5 c8 \repeat unfold 10 c16
+  \repeat unfold 5 c'8 \repeat unfold 10 c16
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((1 2 3 8) (3 4))
-  \repeat unfold 12 c8
+  \repeat unfold 12 c'8
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -2169,10 +2169,10 @@ niedrigere befindet.
     }
   }
   \new Voice  = two {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
       \set Voice.beatStructure = #'(1 3 3)
-      f8 f f f f f f
+      f'8 f f f f f f
     }
   }
 >>
diff --git a/Documentation/de/notation/simultaneous.itely b/Documentation/de/notation/simultaneous.itely
index ceb66224ef..8e9c93a5d0 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/notation/simultaneous.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/notation/simultaneous.itely
@@ -201,9 +201,9 @@ wiederholt werden, es sei denn, der gleiche Ereignistyp wird selber mit
 dem @code{q} verwendet:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \chordRepeats #'(articulation-event)
-  { <a-. c\prall e>1\sfz c'4 q2 r8 q8-. } |
+  { <a'-. c\prall e>1\sfz c'4 q2 r8 q8-. } |
   q2 c, |
 }
 @end lilypond
diff --git a/Documentation/de/notation/staff.itely b/Documentation/de/notation/staff.itely
index efe07bb472..835bd0cab3 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/notation/staff.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/notation/staff.itely
@@ -989,14 +989,14 @@ Einzugs (@code{indent} und @code{short-indent}) vergrößert werden.
 Zu Einzelheiten siehe @ref{paper-Variablen für Verschiebungen und Einrückungen,,@code{@bs{}paper}-Variablen für Verschiebungen und Einrückungen}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   <<
     \new Staff \with {
       instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
       shortInstrumentName = #"Flt."
     }
     {
-      f2 g4 f \break
+      f''2 g4 f \break
       g4 f g2
     }
     \new Staff \with {
diff --git a/Documentation/de/notation/vocal.itely b/Documentation/de/notation/vocal.itely
index 3bf34b39a2..6e7c5cb026 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/notation/vocal.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/notation/vocal.itely
@@ -267,13 +267,13 @@ in  @ref{Automatische Silbendauern}.
 <<
   \new Staff <<
     \time 2/4
-    \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
+    \new Voice = "one" \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
+      c''4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
     }
-    \new Voice = "two" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "two" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-       s2 s4. f8 e4 d c2
+       s2 s4. f'8 e4 d c2
     }
   >>
 
@@ -498,13 +498,13 @@ Ein Beispiel demonstiert das:
 <<
   \new Staff <<
     \time 2/4
-    \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
+    \new Voice = "one" \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
+      c''4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
     }
-    \new Voice = "two" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "two" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-       s2 s4. f8 e8 d4. c2
+       s2 s4. f'8 e8 d4. c2
     }
   >>
 % takes durations and alignment from notes in "one" initially
@@ -627,8 +627,8 @@ gesetzt werden.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 {
-  \relative c'' { \autoBeamOff
-    r8 b c fis, fis c' b e, }
+  \relative { \autoBeamOff
+    r8 b' c fis, fis c' b e, }
   \addlyrics { Che_in ques -- ta_e_in quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }
   \addlyrics { "Che in" ques -- "ta e in" quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }
   \addlyrics { Che~in ques -- ta~e~in quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }
@@ -1464,8 +1464,8 @@ Dauer, unabhängig vom Wert der auf den Befehl folgenden Zahl.}
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b }
+        \relative {
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b }
           \alternative { { b b } { b c } }
           c4 c
         }
@@ -1514,9 +1514,9 @@ richtige Ausrichtung des Textes zu erreichen.
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
+        \relative {
           \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
           \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
           \unset melismaBusyProperties
           c4 c
@@ -1551,8 +1551,8 @@ müssen manuell eingegeben werden:
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+        \relative {
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
           \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
           c4 c
         }
@@ -1584,8 +1584,8 @@ benutzen wollen, müssen sie manuell notiert werden:
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+        \relative {
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
           \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
           c4 c
         }
@@ -1661,11 +1661,11 @@ anhängt:
 \score {
   <<
     \new Voice = "melody" {
-      \relative c' {
+      \relative {
         <<
           {
             \voiceOne
-            e4 e8 e
+            e'4 e8 e
           }
           \new Voice = "splitpart" {
             \voiceTwo
@@ -1832,9 +1832,9 @@ vorgenommen.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    c4
+    c'4
     \slurDotted
     f8.[( g16])
     a4
@@ -1919,9 +1919,9 @@ unterschiedlichen Melodien auszurichten.  Das wird mit der
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    c4
+    c'4
     <<
       \new Voice = "alternative" {
         \voiceOne
@@ -2795,8 +2795,8 @@ Hier ein Beispiel, das zeigt, wie das gesetzt werden kann.
 @c manually adjusted to suit the imposed line length.  -td
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-music = \relative c'' {
-  \repeat unfold 3 { a4 a a a }
+music = \relative {
+  \repeat unfold 3 { a'4 a a a }
 }
 
 dialogue = \lyricmode {
diff --git a/Documentation/de/notation/world.itely b/Documentation/de/notation/world.itely
index 4d9c13b62c..c2939f1d65 100644
--- a/Documentation/de/notation/world.itely
+++ b/Documentation/de/notation/world.itely
@@ -212,9 +212,9 @@ werden.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \include "arabic.ly"
-\relative do' {
+\relative {
   \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
-  dod dob dosd \dwn dob dobsb dodsd do do
+  dod' dob dosd \dwn dob dobsb dodsd do do
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -416,13 +416,13 @@ etwa Zwischenintervalle und ungewöhnliche Modi, zu illustrieren.
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \include "arabic.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative re' {
+  \relative {
     \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
     \key re \bayati
     \time 10/8
 
-    re4 re'8 re16 [misb re do] sisb [la sisb do] re4 r8
+    re'4 re'8 re16 [misb re do] sisb [la sisb do] re4 r8
     re16 [misb do re] sisb [do] la [sisb sol8] la [sisb] do [re] misb
     fa4 fa16 [misb] misb8. [re16] re8 [misb] re  [do] sisb
     do4 sisb8 misb16 [re do sisb] la [do sisb la] la4 r8
diff --git a/Documentation/es/essay/engraving.itely b/Documentation/es/essay/engraving.itely
index afed93cd89..78962556ef 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/essay/engraving.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/essay/engraving.itely
@@ -504,22 +504,22 @@ global = {
       \override StaffSymbol.staff-space = #(magstep -4)
       \override StaffSymbol.thickness = #(magstep -3)
     }
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \global
       \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Violin"
-      c8.(\f^> b16 c d) ees8.(^> d16 c b)
+      c'8.(\f^> b16 c d) ees8.(^> d16 c b)
       g8.(^> b16 c ees) g8-.^> r r
       R2.
     }
     \new PianoStaff <<
       \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Piano"
-      \new Staff \relative c' {
+      \new Staff \relative {
         \global
         s2.
-        s4. s8 r8 r16 <c f aes c>
+        s4. s8 r8 r16 <c' f aes c>
         <c f aes c>4.^> <c ees g>8 r r
       }
-      \new Staff \relative c {
+      \new Staff \relative {
         \global
         \clef "bass"
         <<
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ comparaciones detalladas con grabados de música reales.
 de las tres configuraciones elegiríamos para la siguiente ligadura?
 
 @lilypond
-\relative c {
+\relative {
   \clef bass
   \once \override Slur.positions = #'(1.5 . 1)
   e8[( f] g[ a b d,)] r4
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ ligadura, y LilyPond ha otorgado una puntuación a cada una en
 rozar la cabeza de una de las figuras:
 
 @lilypond
-\relative c {
+\relative {
   \clef bass
   \once \override Slur.positions = #'(1.5 . 1)
   e8[(_"15.39" f] g[ a b d,)] r4
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ asciende mientras la melodía desciende, dando un total de 13.08 puntos
 de fealdad:
 
 @lilypond
-\relative c {
+\relative {
   \clef bass
   \once \override Slur.positions = #'(2 . 3)
   e8[(_"13.08" f] g[ a b d,)] r4
@@ -838,24 +838,24 @@ LilyPond en segundo:
 @lilypond[staffsize=19.5,line-width=14\cm]
 global = { \key g \minor }
 
-partI = \relative c' {
+partI = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  fis8 d' ees g, fis4 g
+  fis'8 d' ees g, fis4 g
   r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a d8 r r4
 }
 
-partII = \relative c' {
+partII = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  d4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
+  d'4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
   ees8 d c ees a, r r4
 }
 
-partIII = \relative c' {
+partIII = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  r2 r8 d ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
+  r2 r8 d' ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
 }
 
-partIV = \relative c {
+partIV = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
   d4 r r2
   r8 d ees g, fis4 a
@@ -1159,16 +1159,16 @@ aparente si tenemos en cuenta un ejemplo musical más complejo:
 
 \new PianoStaff <<
   \new Staff = "RH" <<
-    \new Voice = "I" \relative c''' {
+    \new Voice = "I" \relative {
       \time 3/4
       \voiceOne
-      \tuplet 7/6 { g8 g g g g g g }
+      \tuplet 7/6 { g''8 g g g g g g }
       \oneVoice
       r4 <b,, fis' g bes> r4\fermata
     }
-    \new Voice = "II" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "II" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4
+      c'4
       \tuplet 5/4 {
         <c ees>8 f g
         \change Staff = "LH" \oneVoice
@@ -1465,8 +1465,8 @@ tiene todas las direcciones hacia arriba (o hacia la derecha).
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c' {
-    \stemDown <e g b>4_>-\arpeggio
+  \relative {
+    \stemDown <e' g b>4_>-\arpeggio
     \override Arpeggio.direction = #RIGHT
     \stemUp <e g b>4^>-\arpeggio
   }
@@ -1536,11 +1536,11 @@ a lo largo del fragmento musical.
                   ((-2) (make-smaller-markup (make-bold-markup "2")))
                   (else "bla")))))))))
 
-\new Voice \relative c' {
+\new Voice \relative {
   \stemUp
   \set autoBeaming = ##f
   \time 2/4
-  <d f g>4
+  <d' f g>4
   \once \override NoteHead.stencil = #note-head::brew-ez-stencil
   \once \override NoteHead.font-size = #-7
   \once \override NoteHead.font-family = #'sans
@@ -1767,9 +1767,9 @@ LilyPond, versión @version{}:
 @lilypond[staffsize=14.3,line-width=15.9\cm]
 global = {\key g \minor}
 
-partI = \relative c' {
+partI = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  fis8 d' ees g, fis4 g
+  fis'8 d' ees g, fis4 g
   r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a d8 r r4
   r2 r8 d16 ees f8 ees16 d
   ees4 ~ 16 d c bes a4 r8 ees'16 d
@@ -1778,9 +1778,9 @@ partI = \relative c' {
   a2 g\fermata \bar "|."
 }
 
-partII = \relative c' {
+partII = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  d4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
+  d'4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
   ees8 d c ees a, r r4
   r8 fis16 g a8 g16 fis g2 ~
   2 r8 d' ees g,
@@ -1788,16 +1788,16 @@ partII = \relative c' {
   bes4. <g b>8 <a c> r <d, g> r
   <ees g>4 <d fis> d2
 }
-partIII = \relative c' {
+partIII = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  r2 r8 d ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
+  r2 r8 d' ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
   bes2 ~ 8 b16 a g8 a16 b
   c4 r r2
   R1
   r8 d ees g, fis4 g
   r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a b2
 }
-partIV = \relative c {
+partIV = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
   d4 r r2
   r8 d ees g, fis4 a
diff --git a/Documentation/es/extending/programming-interface.itely b/Documentation/es/extending/programming-interface.itely
index 3f5507c7d0..b0b8e805c3 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/extending/programming-interface.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/extending/programming-interface.itely
@@ -1375,11 +1375,11 @@ para esa propiedad, y que puede verse en el manual de referencia
 interna o en el archivo 'define-grobs.scm':
 
 @example
-\relative c'' @{
+\relative @{
   \override Flag.X-offset = #(lambda (flag)
     (let ((default (ly:flag::calc-x-offset flag)))
       (* default 4.0)))
-  c4. d8 a4. g8
+  c''4. d8 a4. g8
 @}
 @end example
 
@@ -1533,10 +1533,10 @@ arriba.
               (eq? (car (last-pair siblings)) grob))
          (ly:grob-set-property! grob 'extra-offset '(-2 . 5)))))
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Tie.after-line-breaking =
   #my-callback
-  c1 ~ \break
+  c''1 ~ \break
   c2 ~ 2
 }
 @end lilypond
diff --git a/Documentation/es/extending/scheme-tutorial.itely b/Documentation/es/extending/scheme-tutorial.itely
index d0ecd4c739..479c62c95e 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/extending/scheme-tutorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/extending/scheme-tutorial.itely
@@ -1690,9 +1690,9 @@ tempoPadded = #(define-music-function (parser location padding tempotext)
   \tempo \markup { \bold #tempotext }
 #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo \markup { "Low tempo" }
-  c4 d e f g1
+  c''4 d e f g1
   \tempoPadded #4.0 "High tempo"
   g4 f e d c1
 }
diff --git a/Documentation/es/learning/common-notation.itely b/Documentation/es/learning/common-notation.itely
index 14db679397..b80663df4d 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/learning/common-notation.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/learning/common-notation.itely
@@ -1248,11 +1248,11 @@ las notas.
 @c but the example is long enough to avoid looking strange.
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,noragged-right]
 <<
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key g \major
     \time 3/4
     \partial 4
-    d4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
+    d'4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
     d4 d e | c2
   }
   \addlyrics {
@@ -1306,20 +1306,20 @@ del @notation{Judas Macabeo} de Haendel:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    c8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
+    c''8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let | flee -- cy flocks the | hills a -- | dorn, __
   }
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    r8 | r4. r4 c8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
+    r8 | r4. r4 c'8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let | flee -- cy flocks the | hills a -- dorn,
diff --git a/Documentation/es/learning/fundamental.itely b/Documentation/es/learning/fundamental.itely
index 03bdd50ab5..11501137a8 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/learning/fundamental.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/learning/fundamental.itely
@@ -883,12 +883,12 @@ entienda.
 @c The following should appear as music without code
 @c The three voice styles should be defined in -init
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\new Staff \relative c'' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \key aes \major
   <<
     {  % Voice one
       \voiceOneStyle
-      c2 aes4. bes8
+      c''2 aes4. bes8
     }
   \\  % Voice two
     { \voiceTwoStyle
@@ -1055,18 +1055,18 @@ las ligaduras de unión y de expresión y las indicaciones de dinámica:
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceOne
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
@@ -1086,10 +1086,10 @@ está ahora dentro de un contexto de una sola voz, haciendo que se
 pueda trazar una ligadura por encima de ellas.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \voiceOneStyle
   % This section is homophonic
-  c16^( d e f
+  c'16^( d e f
   % Start simultaneous section of three voices
   <<
     % Continue the main voice in parallel
@@ -1149,11 +1149,11 @@ usando notas espaciadoras para pasar por encima de las secciones en
 que una voz está en silencio, como aquí:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' <<
+\new Staff \relative <<
   % Initiate first voice
   \new Voice {
     \voiceOne
-    c16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e) |
+    c'16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e) |
   }
   % Initiate second voice
   \new Voice {
@@ -1253,10 +1253,10 @@ usando el nombre asignado a la voz.
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 <<
   \new Voice = "one" {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \autoBeamOff
       \time 2/4
-      c4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
+      c''4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
     }
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" {
@@ -1808,13 +1808,13 @@ contexto.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 <<
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Soprano"
-    c2 c
+    c''2 c
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set instrumentName = #"Alto"  % Wrong!
-    d2 d
+    d'2 d
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1859,9 +1859,9 @@ Así, esto desactivará los becuadros adicionales en un pentagrama:
   \new Staff \relative {
     aeses'2 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
-    aeses2 aes
+    aeses'2 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1874,9 +1874,9 @@ y esto los desactivará en todos los pentagramas:
   \new Staff \relative {
     aeses'2 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Score.extraNatural = ##f
-    aeses2 aes
+    aeses'2 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -2122,15 +2122,15 @@ partir de esa única voz:
   \new Voice \with {
     \consists "Ambitus_engraver"
   } {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2147,15 +2147,15 @@ pentagrama:
 }
 <<
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2481,18 +2481,18 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
 
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2 |
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2 |
 }
 
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2 |
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2 |
 }
@@ -2709,17 +2709,17 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
   r4 d'2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2 |
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2 |
 }
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2 |
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2 |
 }
@@ -3132,9 +3132,9 @@ fthenp =_\markup {
   \dynamic f \italic \small { 2nd } \hspace #0.1 \dynamic p
 }
 
-violin = \relative c'' {
+violin = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    c4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b |
+    c''4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b |
     \padText
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d |
     c,4.\fthenp b8 c4 c-. |
@@ -3156,9 +3156,9 @@ sin ningún identificador.  Encontrará que es mucho más difícil de
 leer, sobre todo la última línea.
 
 @example
-violin = \relative c'' @{
+violin = \relative @{
   \repeat volta 2 @{
-    c4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b |
+    c''4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b |
     \once \override TextScript.padding = #5.0
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d |
     c,4.\markup @{
@@ -3294,7 +3294,7 @@ silencio y esta opción a la música anterior, llegamos al siguiente
 resultado
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\transpose f c' \relative c {
+\transpose f c' \relative {
   \time 2/4
   \set Score.skipBars = ##t
   R2*3 |
diff --git a/Documentation/es/learning/tutorial.itely b/Documentation/es/learning/tutorial.itely
index 892b579443..2e0199c712 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/learning/tutorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/learning/tutorial.itely
@@ -444,10 +444,10 @@ La @notation{indicación de tempo} y la @notation{indicación
 metronómica} pueden establecerse con la instrucción @code{\tempo}:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante"
-  a4 a a
+  a'4 a a
   \time 6/8
   \tempo 4. = 96
   a4. a
@@ -503,11 +503,11 @@ He aquí un pequeño ejemplo que muestra todos los elementos anteriores
 juntos:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c, {
+\relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante" 4 = 120
-  c2 e8 c'
+  c,2 e8 c'
   g'2.
   f4 e d
   c4 c, r
diff --git a/Documentation/es/learning/tweaks.itely b/Documentation/es/learning/tweaks.itely
index 62ab388ca0..a339dff428 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/learning/tweaks.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/learning/tweaks.itely
@@ -4132,10 +4132,10 @@ los dos métodos:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Visible tempo marking
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \hide Score.MetronomeMark
     % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -4154,10 +4154,10 @@ los dos métodos:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Visible tempo marking
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \override Score.MetronomeMark.stencil = ##f
     % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -4310,9 +4310,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
    #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4356,9 +4356,9 @@ archivo como @file{musica.ly}).
 @example
 \include "definiciones.ily"
 
-\relative c'' @{
+\relative @{
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinete"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4378,9 +4378,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
    #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4458,9 +4458,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4533,9 +4533,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4757,7 +4757,7 @@ notas un color que depende de su posición dentro del pentagrama.
        ((0) (x11-color 'violet ))  ; for B
        )))
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   % Arrange to obtain color from color-notehead procedure
   \override NoteHead.color = #color-notehead
   a2 b | c2 d | e2 f | g2 a |
diff --git a/Documentation/es/notation/ancient.itely b/Documentation/es/notation/ancient.itely
index ec3c35cb34..95efa87b53 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/notation/ancient.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/notation/ancient.itely
@@ -232,8 +232,8 @@ ligadura en particular.  De forma predeterminada, el grabador
 sobre la ligadura:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c'' {
-  \[ g c, a' f d' \]
+\relative {
+  \[ g' c, a' f d' \]
   a g f
   \[ e f a g \]
 }
@@ -386,9 +386,9 @@ escribir el canto, como lo demuestra el siguiente fragmento:
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 \score {
   <<
-    \new MensuralVoice = "discantus" \relative c'' {
+    \new MensuralVoice = "discantus" \relative {
       \hide Score.BarNumber {
-        c1\melisma bes a g\melismaEnd
+        c''1\melisma bes a g\melismaEnd
         f\breve
         \[ f1\melisma a c\breve d\melismaEnd \]
         c\longa
@@ -917,10 +917,10 @@ definirse como una forma breve muy conveniente:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 ficta = { \once \set suggestAccidentals = ##t }
-\score { \relative c''
+\score { \relative
   \new MensuralVoice  {
 	\once \set suggestAccidentals = ##t
-  bes4 a2 g2 \ficta fis8 \ficta e! fis2 g1
+  bes'4 a2 g2 \ficta fis8 \ficta e! fis2 g1
   }
 }
 @end lilypond
@@ -988,13 +988,13 @@ Por ejemplo:
 @c @end example
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 \score {
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \set Score.timing = ##f
     \set Score.defaultBarType = "-"
     \override NoteHead.style = #'petrucci
     \override Staff.TimeSignature.style = #'mensural
     \clef "petrucci-g"
-    \[ c'\maxima g \]
+    \[ c''\maxima g \]
     \[ d\longa
        \override NoteHead.ligature-flexa = ##t
        \once \override NoteHead.flexa-width = #3.2
@@ -1017,13 +1017,13 @@ por el @code{Mensural_ligature_engraver}, la misma música se
 transcribe de la siguiente manera:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \set Score.timing = ##f
   \set Score.defaultBarType = "-"
   \override NoteHead.style = #'petrucci
   \override Staff.TimeSignature.style = #'mensural
   \clef "petrucci-g"
-  \[ c'\maxima g \]
+  \[ c''\maxima g \]
   \[ d\longa
      \override NoteHead.ligature-flexa = ##t
      \once \override NoteHead.flexa-width = #3.2
@@ -1671,9 +1671,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum
-    \[ b \]
+    \[ b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1685,9 +1685,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum
-    \[ \cavum b \]
+    \[ \cavum b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1699,9 +1699,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum
-    \[ \linea b \]
+    \[ \linea b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1714,9 +1714,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum Auctum Ascendens
-    \[ \auctum \ascendens b \]
+    \[ \auctum \ascendens b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1729,9 +1729,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum Auctum Descendens
-    \[ \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ \auctum \descendens b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1744,9 +1744,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum Inclinatum
-    \[ \inclinatum b \]
+    \[ \inclinatum b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1759,9 +1759,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum Inclinatum Auctum
-    \[ \inclinatum \auctum b \]
+    \[ \inclinatum \auctum b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1774,9 +1774,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum Inclinatum Parvum
-    \[ \inclinatum \deminutum b \]
+    \[ \inclinatum \deminutum b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1789,9 +1789,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Virga
-    \[ \virga b \]
+    \[ \virga b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1810,9 +1810,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Clivis vel Flexa
-    \[ b \flexa g \]
+    \[ b' \flexa g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1826,9 +1826,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Clivis Aucta Descendens
-    \[ b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
+    \[ b' \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1841,9 +1841,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Clivis Aucta Ascendens
-    \[ b \flexa \auctum \ascendens g \]
+    \[ b' \flexa \auctum \ascendens g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1856,9 +1856,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Cephalicus
-    \[ b \flexa \deminutum g \]
+    \[ b' \flexa \deminutum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1871,9 +1871,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Podatus vel Pes
-    \[ g \pes b \]
+    \[ g' \pes b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1886,9 +1886,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Auctus Descendens
-    \[ g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ g' \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1901,9 +1901,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Auctus Ascendens
-    \[ g \pes \auctum \ascendens b \]
+    \[ g' \pes \auctum \ascendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1916,9 +1916,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Epiphonus
-    \[ g \pes \deminutum b \]
+    \[ g' \pes \deminutum b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1931,9 +1931,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Initio Debilis
-    \[ \deminutum g \pes b \]
+    \[ \deminutum g' \pes b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1946,9 +1946,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Auctus Descendens Initio Debilis
-    \[ \deminutum g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ \deminutum g' \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1968,9 +1968,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus
-    \[ a \pes b \flexa g \]
+    \[ a' \pes b \flexa g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1983,9 +1983,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus Auctus Descendens
-    \[ a \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
+    \[ a' \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1998,9 +1998,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus Deminutus
-    \[ a \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
+    \[ a' \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2013,9 +2013,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus Initio Debilis
-    \[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa g \]
+    \[ \deminutum a' \pes b \flexa g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2028,9 +2028,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus Auctus Descendens Initio Debilis
-    \[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
+    \[ \deminutum a' \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2043,9 +2043,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus Deminutus Initio Debilis
-    \[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
+    \[ \deminutum a' \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2058,9 +2058,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Porrectus
-    \[ a \flexa g \pes b \]
+    \[ a' \flexa g \pes b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2073,9 +2073,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Porrectus Auctus Descendens
-    \[ a \flexa g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ a' \flexa g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2088,9 +2088,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Porrectus Deminutus
-    \[ a \flexa g \pes \deminutum b \]
+    \[ a' \flexa g \pes \deminutum b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2103,9 +2103,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Climacus
-    \[ \virga b \inclinatum a \inclinatum g \]
+    \[ \virga b' \inclinatum a \inclinatum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2118,9 +2118,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Climacus Auctus
-    \[ \virga b \inclinatum a \inclinatum \auctum g \]
+    \[ \virga b' \inclinatum a \inclinatum \auctum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2133,9 +2133,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Climacus Deminutus
-    \[ \virga b \inclinatum a \inclinatum \deminutum g \]
+    \[ \virga b' \inclinatum a \inclinatum \deminutum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2148,9 +2148,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Scandicus
-    \[ g \pes a \virga b \]
+    \[ g' \pes a \virga b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2163,9 +2163,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Scandicus Auctus Descendens
-    \[ g \pes a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ g' \pes a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2178,9 +2178,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Scandicus Deminutus
-    \[ g \pes a \pes \deminutum b \]
+    \[ g' \pes a \pes \deminutum b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2200,9 +2200,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Quilisma
-    \[ g \pes \quilisma a \pes b \]
+    \[ g' \pes \quilisma a \pes b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2215,9 +2215,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Quilisma Pes Auctus Descendens
-    \[ g \quilisma a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ g' \quilisma a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2230,9 +2230,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Oriscus
-    \[ \oriscus b \]
+    \[ \oriscus b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2245,9 +2245,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Quassus
-    \[ \oriscus g \pes \virga b \]
+    \[ \oriscus g' \pes \virga b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2260,9 +2260,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Quassus Auctus Descendens
-    \[ \oriscus g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ \oriscus g' \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2275,9 +2275,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Salicus
-    \[ g \oriscus a \pes \virga b \]
+    \[ g' \oriscus a \pes \virga b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2290,9 +2290,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Salicus Auctus Descendens
-    \[ g \oriscus a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ g' \oriscus a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2305,9 +2305,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Stropha
-    \[ \stropha b \]
+    \[ \stropha b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2320,9 +2320,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Stropha Aucta
-    \[ \stropha \auctum b \]
+    \[ \stropha \auctum b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2335,9 +2335,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Bistropha
-    \[ \stropha b \stropha b \]
+    \[ \stropha b' \stropha b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2350,9 +2350,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Tristropha
-    \[ \stropha b \stropha b \stropha b \]
+    \[ \stropha b' \stropha b \stropha b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2365,9 +2365,9 @@ Formas @b{Básica} y @emph{Licuescente}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Trigonus
-    \[ \stropha b \stropha b \stropha a \]
+    \[ \stropha b' \stropha b \stropha a \]
   }
   \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }
 }
@@ -2824,10 +2824,10 @@ plicas:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
-chant = \relative c' {
+chant = \relative {
   \clef "G_8"
   \set Score.timing = ##f
-  c\breve \hide NoteHead  c c c c c
+  c'\breve \hide NoteHead  c c c c c
   \undo \hide NoteHead
   \override Stem.transparent = ##f \stemUp c4 b4 a
   \hide Stem c2 c4  \divisioMaior
@@ -2877,10 +2877,10 @@ más ajustes posteriormente, esto se puede hacer fácilmente con
 @q{notas} @code{s}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-spiritus = \relative c' {
+spiritus = \relative {
   \time 1/4
   \override Lyrics.LyricText.X-extent  = #'(0 . 3)
-  d4 \tuplet 3/2 { f8 a g } g a a4 g f8 e
+  d'4 \tuplet 3/2 { f8 a g } g a a4 g f8 e
   d4 f8 g g8 d f g a g f4 g8 a a4  s
   \tuplet 3/2 { g8 f d } e f g a g4
 }
diff --git a/Documentation/es/notation/changing-defaults.itely b/Documentation/es/notation/changing-defaults.itely
index dc5864df41..42f4101a88 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/notation/changing-defaults.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/notation/changing-defaults.itely
@@ -4900,9 +4900,9 @@ tempoPadded =
      \tempo \markup { \bold #tempotext }
    #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo \markup { "Low tempo" }
-  c4 d e f g1
+  c''4 d e f g1
   \tempoPadded #4.0 "High tempo"
   g4 f e d c1
 }
diff --git a/Documentation/es/notation/editorial.itely b/Documentation/es/notation/editorial.itely
index 164da9219c..fb73448789 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/notation/editorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/notation/editorial.itely
@@ -624,11 +624,11 @@ especificar la duración entre las líneas de rejilla.
 
 \score {
   \new ChoirStaff <<
-    \new Staff \relative c'' {
+    \new Staff \relative {
       \stemUp
-      c4. d8 e8 f g4
+      c''4. d8 e8 f g4
     }
-    \new Staff \relative c {
+    \new Staff \relative {
       \clef bass
       \stemDown
       c4 g' f e
diff --git a/Documentation/es/notation/fretted-strings.itely b/Documentation/es/notation/fretted-strings.itely
index 9be1407341..9b882c3e68 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/notation/fretted-strings.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/notation/fretted-strings.itely
@@ -309,9 +309,9 @@ forma predeterminada.  Lo mismo rige para la casilla de segunda vez de
 una repetición.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-ties = \relative c' {
+ties = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    e2. f4~
+    e'2. f4~
     2 g2~
   }
   \alternative {
@@ -349,9 +349,9 @@ La instrucción @code{\hideSplitTiedTabNotes} cancela el comportamiento
 de imprimir los números de traste entre paréntesis:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-ties = \relative c' {
+ties = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    e2. f4~
+    e'2. f4~
     2 g2~ }
   \alternative {
     { g4 f2. }
@@ -1761,10 +1761,10 @@ o armónicos.  Los armónicos se suelen explicar de forma más completa
 con un marcado de texto.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \clef "treble_8"
   \override Staff.NoteHead.style = #'harmonic-mixed
-  d^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
+  d'^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
 }
 @end lilypond
 
diff --git a/Documentation/es/notation/input.itely b/Documentation/es/notation/input.itely
index e91700f76a..465b7196b4 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/notation/input.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/notation/input.itely
@@ -689,10 +689,10 @@ como aquí:
 }
 
 \score {
-  \new Staff \relative g, {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \clef bass
     \key g \major
-    \repeat unfold 2 { g16( d' b') a b d, b' d, } |
+    \repeat unfold 2 { g,16( d' b') a b d, b' d, } |
     \repeat unfold 2 { g,16( e' c') b c e, c' e, } |
   }
   \header {
@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ como aquí:
 }
 
 \score {
-  \new Staff \relative b {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \clef bass
     \key g \major
     \partial 16 b16 |
diff --git a/Documentation/es/notation/rhythms.itely b/Documentation/es/notation/rhythms.itely
index abede20ed3..46c091ead7 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/notation/rhythms.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/notation/rhythms.itely
@@ -1119,9 +1119,9 @@ argumento opcional:
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \score {
   \new Staff {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \time #'(2 2 3) 7/8
-      \repeat unfold 7 { c8 } |
+      \repeat unfold 7 { c'8 } |
       \time #'(3 2 2) 7/8
       \repeat unfold 7 { c8 } |
     }
@@ -1188,8 +1188,8 @@ compás se pueden restaurar a los valores originales:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \score{
-  \relative c' {
-    \repeat unfold 8 { c8 } |
+  \relative {
+    \repeat unfold 8 { c'8 } |
     \overrideTimeSignatureSettings
       4/4        % timeSignatureFraction
       1/4        % baseMomentFraction
@@ -1759,9 +1759,9 @@ La construcción más simple es una lista única, en la que el
 y los anteriores son los numeradores.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((2 2 2 8))
-  \repeat unfold 6 c8 \repeat unfold 12 c16
+  \repeat unfold 6 c'8 \repeat unfold 12 c16
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -1770,14 +1770,14 @@ adicionales.  Asimismo, los ajustes de barrado se ajustarán
 dependiendo de los valores.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((1 4) (3 8))
-  \repeat unfold 5 c8 \repeat unfold 10 c16
+  \repeat unfold 5 c'8 \repeat unfold 10 c16
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((1 2 3 8) (3 4))
-  \repeat unfold 12 c8
+  \repeat unfold 12 c'8
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -2174,10 +2174,10 @@ más bajo, se aplican los ajustes del contexto circundante.
       }
     }
     \new Voice = two {
-      \relative c' {
+      \relative {
         \voiceTwo
         \set Voice.beatStructure = #'(1 3 3)
-        f8 f f f f f f
+        f'8 f f f f f f
       }
     }
   >>
@@ -3754,9 +3754,9 @@ hasta 5/8, acortando ese compás en 1/8.  Entonces, la siguiente línea
 divisoria cae en 9/8 en vez de hacerlo en 5/4.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\new Voice \relative c' {
+\new Voice \relative {
   \set Timing.measureLength = #(ly:make-moment 5/4)
-  c1 c4 |
+  c'1 c4 |
   c1 c4 |
   c4 c
   \set Timing.measurePosition = #(ly:make-moment 5/8)
diff --git a/Documentation/es/notation/simultaneous.itely b/Documentation/es/notation/simultaneous.itely
index a14619123a..88810dd1ba 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/notation/simultaneous.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/notation/simultaneous.itely
@@ -202,9 +202,9 @@ que los eventos de ese tipo ya estén presentes en el propio acorde
 @code{q}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \chordRepeats #'(articulation-event)
-  { <a-. c\prall e>1\sfz c'4 q2 r8 q8-. } |
+  { <a'-. c\prall e>1\sfz c'4 q2 r8 q8-. } |
   q2 c, |
 }
 @end lilypond
diff --git a/Documentation/es/notation/staff.itely b/Documentation/es/notation/staff.itely
index 7142b47144..acb675740e 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/notation/staff.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/notation/staff.itely
@@ -968,14 +968,14 @@ valores del sangrado, @code{indent}, y del sangrado corto,
 consulte @ref{Variables de paper para desplazamientos y sangrados,,Variables de @code{@bs{}paper} para desplazamientos y sangrados}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   <<
     \new Staff \with {
       instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
       shortInstrumentName = #"Flt."
     }
     {
-      f2 g4 f \break
+      f''2 g4 f \break
       g4 f g2
     }
     \new Staff \with {
diff --git a/Documentation/es/notation/vocal.itely b/Documentation/es/notation/vocal.itely
index c5212cbfc9..099d4a9af9 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/notation/vocal.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/notation/vocal.itely
@@ -255,13 +255,13 @@ ver más detalles, consulte @ref{Duración automática de las sílabas}.
 <<
   \new Staff <<
     \time 2/4
-    \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
+    \new Voice = "one" \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
+      c''4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
     }
-    \new Voice = "two" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "two" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-       s2 s4. f8 e4 d c2
+       s2 s4. f'8 e4 d c2
     }
   >>
 
@@ -493,13 +493,13 @@ He aquí un ejemplo que muestra su uso:
 <<
   \new Staff <<
     \time 2/4
-    \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
+    \new Voice = "one" \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
+      c''4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
     }
-    \new Voice = "two" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "two" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-       s2 s4. f8 e8 d4. c2
+       s2 s4. f'8 e8 d4. c2
     }
   >>
 % takes durations and alignment from notes in "one" initially
@@ -1465,8 +1465,8 @@ que se escribe a continuación.}
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b }
+        \relative {
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b }
           \alternative { { b b } { b c } }
           c4 c
         }
@@ -1515,9 +1515,9 @@ manuales.
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
+        \relative {
           \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
           \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
           \unset melismaBusyProperties
           c4 c
@@ -1553,8 +1553,8 @@ Cuando la sección repetida tiene textos distintos, no se puede usar
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+        \relative {
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
           \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
           c4 c
         }
@@ -1587,8 +1587,8 @@ manualmente.
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+        \relative {
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
           \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
           c4 c
         }
@@ -1660,11 +1660,11 @@ contextos de voz y adjuntando la letra a estos contextos específicos:
 \score {
   <<
     \new Voice = "melody" {
-      \relative c' {
+      \relative {
         <<
           {
             \voiceOne
-            e4 e8 e
+            e'4 e8 e
           }
           \new Voice = "splitpart" {
             \voiceTwo
@@ -1951,9 +1951,9 @@ rápida ignore el melisma.  Esto se consigue estableciendo
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    c4
+    c'4
     \slurDotted
     f8.[( g16])
     a4
@@ -2042,9 +2042,9 @@ propiedad @code{associatedVoice}:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    c4
+    c'4
     <<
       \new Voice = "alternative" {
         \voiceOne
@@ -2943,8 +2943,8 @@ He aquí un ejemplo que ilustra cómo puede hacerse.
 @c manually adjusted to suit the imposed line length.  -td
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-music = \relative c'' {
-  \repeat unfold 3 { a4 a a a }
+music = \relative {
+  \repeat unfold 3 { a'4 a a a }
 }
 
 dialogue = \lyricmode {
diff --git a/Documentation/es/notation/world.itely b/Documentation/es/notation/world.itely
index d8b2259138..64ff7e8296 100644
--- a/Documentation/es/notation/world.itely
+++ b/Documentation/es/notation/world.itely
@@ -220,9 +220,9 @@ alterar mediante este método.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \include "arabic.ly"
-\relative do' {
+\relative {
   \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
-  dod dob dosd \dwn dob dobsb dodsd do do
+  dod' dob dosd \dwn dob dobsb dodsd do do
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -424,13 +424,13 @@ tratamos en esta sección.
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \include "arabic.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative re' {
+  \relative {
     \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
     \key re \bayati
     \time 10/8
 
-    re4 re'8 re16 [misb re do] sisb [la sisb do] re4 r8
+    re'4 re'8 re16 [misb re do] sisb [la sisb do] re4 r8
     re16 [misb do re] sisb [do] la [sisb sol8] la [sisb] do [re] misb
     fa4 fa16 [misb] misb8. [re16] re8 [misb] re  [do] sisb
     do4 sisb8 misb16 [re do sisb] la [do sisb la] la4 r8
diff --git a/Documentation/essay/engraving.itely b/Documentation/essay/engraving.itely
index 412813cd0a..ef13eaab77 100644
--- a/Documentation/essay/engraving.itely
+++ b/Documentation/essay/engraving.itely
@@ -462,22 +462,22 @@ global = {
     \new Staff \with {
       \magnifyStaff #2/3
     }
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \global
       \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Violin"
-      c8.(\f^> b16 c d) ees8.(^> d16 c b)
+      c'8.(\f^> b16 c d) ees8.(^> d16 c b)
       g8.(^> b16 c ees) g8-.^> r r
       R2.
     }
     \new PianoStaff <<
       \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Piano"
-      \new Staff \relative c' {
+      \new Staff \relative {
         \global
         s2.
-        s4. s8 r8 r16 <c f aes c>
+        s4. s8 r8 r16 <c' f aes c>
         <c f aes c>4.^> <c ees g>8 r r
       }
-      \new Staff \relative c {
+      \new Staff \relative {
         \global
         \clef "bass"
         <<
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ How do we actually make formatting decisions?  In other words, which
 of the three configurations should we choose for the following slur?
 
 @lilypond
-\relative c {
+\relative {
   \clef bass
   \once \override Slur.positions = #'(1.5 . 1)
   e8[( f] g[ a b d,)] r4
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ has given each one a score in @q{ugly points}.  The first example gets
 15.39 points for grazing one of the noteheads:
 
 @lilypond
-\relative c {
+\relative {
   \clef bass
   \once \override Slur.positions = #'(1.5 . 1)
   e8[(_"15.39" f] g[ a b d,)] r4
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ side, plus another 2 points because the slur ascends while the melody
 descends for a total of 13.08 ugly points:
 
 @lilypond
-\relative c {
+\relative {
   \clef bass
   \once \override Slur.positions = #'(2 . 3)
   e8[(_"13.08" f] g[ a b d,)] r4
@@ -773,24 +773,24 @@ measures 28--29, as shown here with Finale first and LilyPond second:
 @lilypond[staffsize=19.5,line-width=14\cm]
 global = { \key g \minor }
 
-partI = \relative c' {
+partI = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  fis8 d' ees g, fis4 g
+  fis'8 d' ees g, fis4 g
   r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a d8 r r4
 }
 
-partII = \relative c' {
+partII = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  d4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
+  d'4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
   ees8 d c ees a, r r4
 }
 
-partIII = \relative c' {
+partIII = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  r2 r8 d ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
+  r2 r8 d' ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
 }
 
-partIV = \relative c {
+partIV = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
   d4 r r2
   r8 d ees g, fis4 a
@@ -1078,16 +1078,16 @@ consider a more complicated musical example:
 
 \new PianoStaff <<
   \new Staff = "RH" <<
-    \new Voice = "I" \relative c''' {
+    \new Voice = "I" \relative {
       \time 3/4
       \voiceOne
-      \tuplet 7/6 { g8 g g g g g g }
+      \tuplet 7/6 { g''8 g g g g g g }
       \oneVoice
       r4 <b,, fis' g bes> r4\fermata
     }
-    \new Voice = "II" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "II" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4
+      c'4
       \tuplet 5/4 {
         <c ees>8 f g
         \change Staff = "LH" \oneVoice
@@ -1364,8 +1364,8 @@ chord has all directions up (right).
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c' {
-    \stemDown <e g b>4_>-\arpeggio
+  \relative {
+    \stemDown <e' g b>4_>-\arpeggio
     \override Arpeggio.direction = #RIGHT
     \stemUp <e g b>4^>-\arpeggio
   }
@@ -1434,11 +1434,11 @@ note head symbol is changed during the music fragment.
                   ((-2) (make-smaller-markup (make-bold-markup "2")))
                   (else "bla")))))))))
 
-\new Voice \relative c' {
+\new Voice \relative {
   \stemUp
   \set autoBeaming = ##f
   \time 2/4
-  <d f g>4
+  <d' f g>4
   \once \override NoteHead.stencil = #note-head::brew-ez-stencil
   \once \override NoteHead.font-size = #-7
   \once \override NoteHead.font-family = #'sans
@@ -1653,9 +1653,9 @@ LilyPond, version @version{}:
 @lilypond[staffsize=14.3,line-width=15.9\cm]
 global = {\key g \minor}
 
-partI = \relative c' {
+partI = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  fis8 d' ees g, fis4 g
+  fis'8 d' ees g, fis4 g
   r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a d8 r r4
   r2 r8 d16 ees f8 ees16 d
   ees4 ~ 16 d c bes a4 r8 ees'16 d
@@ -1664,9 +1664,9 @@ partI = \relative c' {
   a2 g\fermata \bar "|."
 }
 
-partII = \relative c' {
+partII = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  d4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
+  d'4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
   ees8 d c ees a, r r4
   r8 fis16 g a8 g16 fis g2 ~
   2 r8 d' ees g,
@@ -1674,16 +1674,16 @@ partII = \relative c' {
   bes4. <g b>8 <a c> r <d, g> r
   <ees g>4 <d fis> d2
 }
-partIII = \relative c' {
+partIII = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  r2 r8 d ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
+  r2 r8 d' ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
   bes2 ~ 8 b16 a g8 a16 b
   c4 r r2
   R1
   r8 d ees g, fis4 g
   r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a b2
 }
-partIV = \relative c {
+partIV = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
   d4 r r2
   r8 d ees g, fis4 a
diff --git a/Documentation/extending/programming-interface.itely b/Documentation/extending/programming-interface.itely
index dd9094e435..ebdfe0df38 100644
--- a/Documentation/extending/programming-interface.itely
+++ b/Documentation/extending/programming-interface.itely
@@ -1257,11 +1257,11 @@ desaturate =
         (for-each revert-color '(NoteHead Stem Beam)))
    #})
 
-\relative g' {
+\relative {
   \override NoteHead.color = #darkblue
   \override Stem.color = #darkblue
   \override Beam.color = #darkblue
-  g8 a b c
+  g'8 a b c
   \desaturate { d c b a }
   g b d b g2
 }
@@ -1367,11 +1367,11 @@ calling the function that is the usual callback for that property, which
 can by found in the Internals Reference or the file 'define-grobs.scm':
 
 @example
-\relative c'' @{
+\relative @{
   \override Flag.X-offset = #(lambda (flag)
     (let ((default (ly:flag::calc-x-offset flag)))
       (* default 4.0)))
-  c4. d8 a4. g8
+  c''4. d8 a4. g8
 @}
 @end example
 
@@ -1494,10 +1494,10 @@ of the broken tie is repositioned.
               (eq? (car (last-pair siblings)) grob))
          (ly:grob-set-property! grob 'extra-offset '(-2 . 5)))))
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Tie.after-line-breaking =
   #my-callback
-  c1 ~ \break
+  c''1 ~ \break
   c2 ~ 2
 }
 @end lilypond
diff --git a/Documentation/extending/scheme-tutorial.itely b/Documentation/extending/scheme-tutorial.itely
index eaffe70a48..32915e07b1 100644
--- a/Documentation/extending/scheme-tutorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/extending/scheme-tutorial.itely
@@ -1582,9 +1582,9 @@ tempoPadded = #(define-music-function (parser location padding tempotext)
   \tempo \markup { \bold #tempotext }
 #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo \markup { "Low tempo" }
-  c4 d e f g1
+  c''4 d e f g1
   \tempoPadded #4.0 "High tempo"
   g4 f e d c1
 }
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/essay/engraving.itely b/Documentation/fr/essay/engraving.itely
index 00d08df3fa..7c7526b84a 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/essay/engraving.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/essay/engraving.itely
@@ -497,22 +497,22 @@ global = {
     \new Staff \with {
       \magnifyStaff #2/3
     }
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \global
       \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Violin"
-      c8.(\f^> b16 c d) ees8.(^> d16 c b)
+      c'8.(\f^> b16 c d) ees8.(^> d16 c b)
       g8.(^> b16 c ees) g8-.^> r r
       R2.
     }
     \new PianoStaff <<
       \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Piano"
-      \new Staff \relative c' {
+      \new Staff \relative {
         \global
         s2.
-        s4. s8 r8 r16 <c f aes c>
+        s4. s8 r8 r16 <c' f aes c>
         <c f aes c>4.^> <c ees g>8 r r
       }
-      \new Staff \relative c {
+      \new Staff \relative {
         \global
         \clef "bass"
         <<
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ l'image suivante, laquelle de ces trois configurations devrions-nous
 choisir pour formater la liaison ?
 
 @lilypond
-\relative c {
+\relative {
     \clef bass
     \once \override Slur.positions = #'(1.5 . 1)
     e8[( f] g[ a b d,)] r4
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ de laideur ».  Le premier essai se voit attribuer 15,39 points
 notamment pour l'effleurement de la tête de note.
 
 @lilypond
-\relative c {
+\relative {
     \clef bass
     \once \override Slur.positions = #'(1.5 . 1)
     e8[(_"15.39" f] g[ a b d,)] r4
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ redescend, ce qui entraîne une pénalité de 2 points.  Ceci nous
 fait un total de 13,08 points de laideur.
 
 @lilypond
-\relative c {
+\relative {
     \clef bass
     \once \override Slur.positions = #'(2 . 3)
     e8[(_"13.08" f] g[ a b d,)] r4
@@ -842,24 +842,24 @@ première image -- se situent dans les mesures 28 et 29 :
 @lilypond[staffsize=19.5,line-width=14\cm]
 global = { \key g \minor }
 
-partI = \relative c' {
+partI = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  fis8 d' ees g, fis4 g
+  fis'8 d' ees g, fis4 g
   r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a d8 r r4
 }
 
-partII = \relative c' {
+partII = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  d4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
+  d'4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
   ees8 d c ees a, r r4
 }
 
-partIII = \relative c' {
+partIII = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  r2 r8 d ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
+  r2 r8 d' ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
 }
 
-partIV = \relative c {
+partIV = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
   d4 r r2
   r8 d ees g, fis4 a
@@ -1161,16 +1161,16 @@ musique se complique :
 
 \new PianoStaff <<
   \new Staff = "RH" <<
-    \new Voice = "I" \relative c''' {
+    \new Voice = "I" \relative {
       \time 3/4
       \voiceOne
-      \tuplet 7/6 {g8 g g g g g g}
+      \tuplet 7/6 {g''8 g g g g g g}
       \oneVoice
       r4 <b,, fis' g bes> r4\fermata
     }
-    \new Voice = "II" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "II" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4
+      c'4
       \tuplet 5/4 {
         <c ees>8 f g
         \change Staff = "LH" \oneVoice
@@ -1465,8 +1465,8 @@ vers le haut (ou la droite) pour le second.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c' {
-    \stemDown <e g b>4_>-\arpeggio
+  \relative {
+    \stemDown <e' g b>4_>-\arpeggio
     \override Arpeggio.direction = #RIGHT
     \stemUp <e g b>4^>-\arpeggio
   }
@@ -1535,11 +1535,11 @@ musical :
                   ((-2) (make-smaller-markup (make-bold-markup "2")))
                   (else "bla")))))))))
 
-\new Voice \relative c' {
+\new Voice \relative {
   \stemUp
   \set autoBeaming = ##f
   \time 2/4
-  <d f g>4
+  <d' f g>4
   \once \override NoteHead.stencil = #note-head::brew-ez-stencil
   \once \override NoteHead.font-size = #-7
   \once \override NoteHead.font-family = #'sans
@@ -1764,9 +1764,9 @@ LilyPond, version @version{} :
 @lilypond[staffsize=14.3,line-width=15.9\cm]
 global = {\key g \minor}
 
-partI = \relative c' {
+partI = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  fis8 d' ees g, fis4 g
+  fis'8 d' ees g, fis4 g
   r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a d8 r r4
   r2 r8 d16 ees f8 ees16 d
   ees4 ~ 16 d c bes a4 r8 ees'16 d
@@ -1775,9 +1775,9 @@ partI = \relative c' {
   a2 g\fermata \bar "|."
 }
 
-partII = \relative c' {
+partII = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  d4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
+  d'4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
   ees8 d c ees a, r r4
   r8 fis16 g a8 g16 fis g2 ~
   2 r8 d' ees g,
@@ -1785,16 +1785,16 @@ partII = \relative c' {
   bes4. <g b>8 <a c> r <d, g> r
   <ees g>4 <d fis> d2
 }
-partIII = \relative c' {
+partIII = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  r2 r8 d ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
+  r2 r8 d' ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
   bes2 ~ 8 b16 a g8 a16 b
   c4 r r2
   R1
   r8 d ees g, fis4 g
   r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a b2
 }
-partIV = \relative c {
+partIV = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
   d4 r r2
   r8 d ees g, fis4 a
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/extending/programming-interface.itely b/Documentation/fr/extending/programming-interface.itely
index 0a32fae41a..3589aa8ffc 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/extending/programming-interface.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/extending/programming-interface.itely
@@ -1380,11 +1380,11 @@ desaturate =
         (for-each revert-color '(NoteHead Stem Beam)))
    #})
 
-\relative g' {
+\relative {
   \override NoteHead.color = #darkblue
   \override Stem.color = #darkblue
   \override Beam.color = #darkblue
-  g8 a b c
+  g'8 a b c
   \desaturate { d c b a }
   g b d b g2
 }
@@ -1498,11 +1498,11 @@ et dans le fichier @file{define-grobs.scm} --, pourra accéder à la
 valeur usuelle de la propriété :
 
 @example
-\relative c'' @{
+\relative @{
   \override Flag.X-offset = #(lambda (flag)
     (let ((default (ly:flag::calc-x-offset flag)))
       (* default 4.0)))
-  c4. d8 a4. g8
+  c''4. d8 a4. g8
 @}
 @end example
 
@@ -1634,10 +1634,10 @@ rehaussé.
               (eq? (car (last-pair siblings)) grob))
          (ly:grob-set-property! grob 'extra-offset '(-2 . 5)))))
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Tie.after-line-breaking =
   #my-callback
-  c1 ~ \break
+  c''1 ~ \break
   c2 ~ 2
 }
 @end lilypond
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/extending/scheme-tutorial.itely b/Documentation/fr/extending/scheme-tutorial.itely
index e9539c77f9..b9cdb23505 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/extending/scheme-tutorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/extending/scheme-tutorial.itely
@@ -1729,9 +1729,9 @@ tempoPadded = #(define-music-function (parser location padding tempotext)
   \tempo \markup { \bold #tempotext }
 #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo \markup { "Low tempo" }
-  c4 d e f g1
+  c''4 d e f g1
   \tempoPadded #4.0 "High tempo"
   g4 f e d c1
 }
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/learning/common-notation.itely b/Documentation/fr/learning/common-notation.itely
index 911ab5aa07..618ed52c6c 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/learning/common-notation.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/learning/common-notation.itely
@@ -1278,11 +1278,11 @@ sur l'alignement de paroles à une mélodie.
 @c but the example is long enough to avoid looking strange.
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,noragged-right]
 <<
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key g \major
     \time 3/4
     \partial 4
-    d4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
+    d'4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
     d4 d e | c2
   }
   \addlyrics {
@@ -1334,20 +1334,20 @@ L'exemple suivant est extrait de @emph{Judas Macchabée} de Händel.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    c8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
+    c''8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let flee -- cy flocks the hills a -- dorn, __
   }
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    r8 | r4. r4 c8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
+    r8 | r4. r4 c'8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let flee -- cy flocks the hills a -- dorn,
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/learning/fundamental.itely b/Documentation/fr/learning/fundamental.itely
index 4a77711b0d..1d8bb6b399 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/learning/fundamental.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/learning/fundamental.itely
@@ -865,12 +865,12 @@ que vous ne comprendriez pas.
 @c The following should appear as music without code
 @c The three voice styles should be defined in -init
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\new Staff \relative c'' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \key aes \major
   <<
     {  % Voice one
       \voiceOneStyle
-      c2 aes4. bes8
+      c''2 aes4. bes8
     }
   \\  % Voice two
     { \voiceTwoStyle
@@ -1037,18 +1037,18 @@ annotations, liaisons de prolongation ou de phrasé, et sur les nuances.
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceOne
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
@@ -1068,10 +1068,10 @@ maintenant dans un seul contexte de voix, ce qui permet d'ajouter une
 liaison de phrasé à l'ensemble.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \voiceOneStyle
   % The following notes are homophonic
-  c16^( d e f
+  c'16^( d e f
   % Start simultaneous section of three voices
   <<
     % Continue the main voice in parallel
@@ -1131,11 +1131,11 @@ silences invisibles pour sauter les moments où il n'y a rien dans cette
 voix.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' <<
+\new Staff \relative <<
   % Initiate first voice
   \new Voice {
     \voiceOne
-    c16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e2) |
+    c'16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e2) |
   }
   % Initiate second voice
   \new Voice {
@@ -1237,10 +1237,10 @@ la voix en question.
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 <<
   \new Voice = "one" {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \autoBeamOff
       \time 2/4
-      c4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
+      c''4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
     }
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" {
@@ -1782,13 +1782,13 @@ contexte n'a pas été spécifié.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 <<
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Soprano"
-    c4 c
+    c''4 c
  }
-  \new Staff \relative c' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
   \set instrumentName = #"Alto"  % Wrong!
-  d4 d
+  d'4 d
  }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1832,9 +1832,9 @@ Voici comment supprimer les bécarres supplémentaires pour une portée :
   \new Staff \relative {
     aeses'2 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
-    aeses2 aes
+    aeses'2 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1847,9 +1847,9 @@ et pour toutes les portées :
   \new Staff \relative {
     aeses'2 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Score.extraNatural = ##f
-    aeses2 aes
+    aeses'2 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -2092,15 +2092,15 @@ tessiture de cette voix sera calculée :
   \new Voice \with {
     \consists "Ambitus_engraver"
   } {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2117,15 +2117,15 @@ les notes de toutes les voix de la portée :
 }
 <<
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2451,18 +2451,18 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
 
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2 |
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2 |
 }
 
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2 |
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2 |
 }
@@ -2687,17 +2687,17 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
   r4 d'2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2 |
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2 |
 }
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2 |
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2 |
 }
@@ -3101,9 +3101,9 @@ fthenp =_\markup {
   \dynamic f \italic \small { 2nd } \hspace #0.1 \dynamic p
 }
 
-violin = \relative c'' {
+violin = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    c4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b |
+    c''4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b |
     \centerText
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e f g d |
     c4.\fthenp b8 c4 c-. |
@@ -3124,9 +3124,9 @@ précédent sans aucun identificateur.  C'est beaucoup plus laborieux à
 lire, et particulièrement la dernière ligne.
 
 @example
-violin = \relative c'' @{
+violin = \relative @{
   \repeat volta 2 @{
-    c4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b |
+    c''4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b |
     \once \override TextScript.self-alignment-X = #CENTER
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e f g d |
     c4._\markup @{
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/learning/tutorial.itely b/Documentation/fr/learning/tutorial.itely
index 20ed5e1fac..966449fd2d 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/learning/tutorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/learning/tutorial.itely
@@ -464,10 +464,10 @@ La commande @code{\tempo} permet de stipuler aussi bien le @emph{tempo}
 que le métronome :
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante"
-  a4 a a
+  a'4 a a
   \time 6/8
   \tempo 4. = 96
   a4. a
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/learning/tweaks.itely b/Documentation/fr/learning/tweaks.itely
index 56514c1050..fc80e7cdff 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/learning/tweaks.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/learning/tweaks.itely
@@ -4148,10 +4148,10 @@ Nous montrons ci-dessous le résultat des deux méthodes :
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Visible tempo marking
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \hide Score.MetronomeMark
     % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -4170,10 +4170,10 @@ Nous montrons ci-dessous le résultat des deux méthodes :
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Visible tempo marking
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \omit Score.MetronomeMark
     % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -4322,9 +4322,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
    #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4368,9 +4368,9 @@ sous @file{musique.ly}).
 @example
 \include "definitions.ily"
 
-\relative c'' @{
+\relative @{
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4390,9 +4390,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
    #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4471,9 +4471,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4546,9 +4546,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4775,7 +4775,7 @@ fonction de leur position sur la portée.
        ((0) (x11-color 'violet ))  ; for B
        )))
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   % Arrange to obtain color from color-notehead procedure
   \override NoteHead.color = #color-notehead
   a2 b | c2 d | e2 f | g2 a |
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/notation/ancient.itely b/Documentation/fr/notation/ancient.itely
index 4e5ec39e4e..cdcd978fac 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/notation/ancient.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/notation/ancient.itely
@@ -231,8 +231,8 @@ spécifique.  Par défaut, le graveur @code{LigatureBracket} place un
 simple crochet au dessus de la ligature :
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c'' {
-  \[ g c, a' f d' \]
+\relative {
+  \[ g' c, a' f d' \]
   a g f
   \[ e f a g \]
 }
@@ -389,9 +389,9 @@ lancer dans la saisie de votre chant comme ci-après :
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 \score {
   <<
-    \new MensuralVoice = "discantus" \relative c'' {
+    \new MensuralVoice = "discantus" \relative {
       \hide Score.BarNumber {
-        c1\melisma bes a g\melismaEnd
+        c''1\melisma bes a g\melismaEnd
         f\breve
         \[ f1\melisma a c\breve d\melismaEnd \]
         c\longa
@@ -931,10 +931,10 @@ peut tout à fait faire l'objet d'un raccourci :
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 ficta = { \once \set suggestAccidentals = ##t }
-\score { \relative c''
+\score { \relative
   \new MensuralVoice  {
     \once \set suggestAccidentals = ##t
-    bes4 a2 g2 \ficta fis8 \ficta e! fis2 g1
+    bes'4 a2 g2 \ficta fis8 \ficta e! fis2 g1
   }
 }
 @end lilypond
@@ -1001,13 +1001,13 @@ Par exemple,
 @c @end example
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 \score {
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \set Score.timing = ##f
     \set Score.defaultBarType = "-"
     \override NoteHead.style = #'petrucci
     \override Staff.TimeSignature.style = #'mensural
     \clef "petrucci-g"
-    \[ c'\maxima g \]
+    \[ c''\maxima g \]
     \[ d\longa
        \override NoteHead.ligature-flexa = ##t
        \once \override NoteHead.flexa-width = #3.2
@@ -1029,13 +1029,13 @@ Si on ne remplace pas le @code{Ligature_bracket_engraver}
 par le @code{Mensural_ligature_engraver}, on obtient
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \set Score.timing = ##f
   \set Score.defaultBarType = "-"
   \override NoteHead.style = #'petrucci
   \override Staff.TimeSignature.style = #'mensural
   \clef "petrucci-g"
-  \[ c'\maxima g \]
+  \[ c''\maxima g \]
   \[ d\longa
      \override NoteHead.ligature-flexa = ##t
      \once \override NoteHead.flexa-width = #3.2
@@ -1677,9 +1677,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum
-    \[ b \]
+    \[ b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1691,9 +1691,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum
-    \[ \cavum b \]
+    \[ \cavum b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1705,9 +1705,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum
-    \[ \linea b \]
+    \[ \linea b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1720,9 +1720,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum Auctum Ascendens
-    \[ \auctum \ascendens b \]
+    \[ \auctum \ascendens b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1735,9 +1735,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum Auctum Descendens
-    \[ \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ \auctum \descendens b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1750,9 +1750,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum Inclinatum
-    \[ \inclinatum b \]
+    \[ \inclinatum b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1765,9 +1765,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum Inclinatum Auctum
-    \[ \inclinatum \auctum b \]
+    \[ \inclinatum \auctum b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1780,9 +1780,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum Inclinatum Parvum
-    \[ \inclinatum \deminutum b \]
+    \[ \inclinatum \deminutum b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1795,9 +1795,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Virga
-    \[ \virga b \]
+    \[ \virga b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1816,9 +1816,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Clivis vel Flexa
-    \[ b \flexa g \]
+    \[ b' \flexa g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1831,9 +1831,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Clivis Aucta Descendens
-    \[ b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
+    \[ b' \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1845,9 +1845,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Clivis Aucta Ascendens
-    \[ b \flexa \auctum \ascendens g \]
+    \[ b' \flexa \auctum \ascendens g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1860,9 +1860,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Cephalicus
-    \[ b \flexa \deminutum g \]
+    \[ b' \flexa \deminutum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1875,9 +1875,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Podatus vel Pes
-    \[ g \pes b \]
+    \[ g' \pes b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1890,9 +1890,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Auctus Descendens
-    \[ g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ g' \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1905,9 +1905,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Auctus Ascendens
-    \[ g \pes \auctum \ascendens b \]
+    \[ g' \pes \auctum \ascendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1920,9 +1920,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Epiphonus
-    \[ g \pes \deminutum b \]
+    \[ g' \pes \deminutum b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1935,9 +1935,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Initio Debilis
-    \[ \deminutum g \pes b \]
+    \[ \deminutum g' \pes b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1950,9 +1950,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Auctus Descendens Initio Debilis
-    \[ \deminutum g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ \deminutum g' \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1972,9 +1972,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus
-    \[ a \pes b \flexa g \]
+    \[ a' \pes b \flexa g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1987,9 +1987,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus Auctus Descendens
-    \[ a \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
+    \[ a' \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2002,9 +2002,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus Deminutus
-    \[ a \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
+    \[ a' \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2017,9 +2017,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus Initio Debilis
-    \[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa g \]
+    \[ \deminutum a' \pes b \flexa g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2032,9 +2032,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus Auctus Descendens Initio Debilis
-    \[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
+    \[ \deminutum a' \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2047,9 +2047,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus Deminutus Initio Debilis
-    \[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
+    \[ \deminutum a' \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2062,9 +2062,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Porrectus
-    \[ a \flexa g \pes b \]
+    \[ a' \flexa g \pes b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2077,9 +2077,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Porrectus Auctus Descendens
-    \[ a \flexa g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ a' \flexa g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2092,9 +2092,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Porrectus Deminutus
-    \[ a \flexa g \pes \deminutum b \]
+    \[ a' \flexa g \pes \deminutum b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2107,9 +2107,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Climacus
-    \[ \virga b \inclinatum a \inclinatum g \]
+    \[ \virga b' \inclinatum a \inclinatum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2122,9 +2122,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Climacus Auctus
-    \[ \virga b \inclinatum a \inclinatum \auctum g \]
+    \[ \virga b' \inclinatum a \inclinatum \auctum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2137,9 +2137,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Climacus Deminutus
-    \[ \virga b \inclinatum a \inclinatum \deminutum g \]
+    \[ \virga b' \inclinatum a \inclinatum \deminutum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2152,9 +2152,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Scandicus
-    \[ g \pes a \virga b \]
+    \[ g' \pes a \virga b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2167,9 +2167,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Scandicus Auctus Descendens
-    \[ g \pes a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ g' \pes a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2182,9 +2182,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Scandicus Deminutus
-    \[ g \pes a \pes \deminutum b \]
+    \[ g' \pes a \pes \deminutum b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2204,9 +2204,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Quilisma
-    \[ g \pes \quilisma a \pes b \]
+    \[ g' \pes \quilisma a \pes b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2219,9 +2219,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Quilisma Pes Auctus Descendens
-    \[ g \quilisma a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ g' \quilisma a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2234,9 +2234,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Oriscus
-    \[ \oriscus b \]
+    \[ \oriscus b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2249,9 +2249,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Quassus
-    \[ \oriscus g \pes \virga b \]
+    \[ \oriscus g' \pes \virga b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2264,9 +2264,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Quassus Auctus Descendens
-    \[ \oriscus g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ \oriscus g' \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2279,9 +2279,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Salicus
-    \[ g \oriscus a \pes \virga b \]
+    \[ g' \oriscus a \pes \virga b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2294,9 +2294,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Salicus Auctus Descendens
-    \[ g \oriscus a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ g' \oriscus a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2309,9 +2309,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Stropha
-    \[ \stropha b \]
+    \[ \stropha b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2324,9 +2324,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Stropha Aucta
-    \[ \stropha \auctum b \]
+    \[ \stropha \auctum b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2339,9 +2339,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Bistropha
-    \[ \stropha b \stropha b \]
+    \[ \stropha b' \stropha b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2354,9 +2354,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Tristropha
-    \[ \stropha b \stropha b \stropha b \]
+    \[ \stropha b' \stropha b \stropha b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2369,9 +2369,9 @@ LilyPond}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Trigonus
-    \[ \stropha b \stropha b \stropha a \]
+    \[ \stropha b' \stropha b \stropha a \]
   }
   \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }
 }
@@ -2867,11 +2867,11 @@ ou @code{\override Stem.length = #0} puis, en cas de besoin, recourir
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
-chant = \relative c' {
+chant = \relative {
   \clef "G_8"
   \set Score.timing = ##f
   \hide Stem
-  c\breve \hide NoteHead  c c c c c
+  c'\breve \hide NoteHead  c c c c c
   \undo \hide NoteHead
   \undo \hide Stem \stemUp c4 b4 a
   \hide Stem c2 c4  \divisioMaior
@@ -2919,10 +2919,10 @@ syllabes sous forme de @emph{markup}.  Des ajustements supplémentaires
 peuvent se réaliser avec des @qq{notes silencieuses} (@code{s}).
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-spiritus = \relative c' {
+spiritus = \relative {
   \time 1/4
   \override Lyrics.LyricText.X-extent  = #'(0 . 3)
-  d4 \tuplet 3/2 { f8 a g } g a a4 g f8 e
+  d'4 \tuplet 3/2 { f8 a g } g a a4 g f8 e
   d4 f8 g g8 d f g a g f4 g8 a a4  s
   \tuplet 3/2 { g8 f d } e f g a g4
 }
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/notation/changing-defaults.itely b/Documentation/fr/notation/changing-defaults.itely
index 3a2185904a..1250cfdfb1 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/notation/changing-defaults.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/notation/changing-defaults.itely
@@ -5035,9 +5035,9 @@ tempoPadded =
      \tempo \markup { \bold #tempotext }
    #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo \markup { "Low tempo" }
-  c4 d e f g1
+  c''4 d e f g1
   \tempoPadded #4.0 "High tempo"
   g4 f e d c1
 }
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/notation/editorial.itely b/Documentation/fr/notation/editorial.itely
index e3781ef78a..32231ad168 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/notation/editorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/notation/editorial.itely
@@ -838,11 +838,11 @@ spécifie quant à elle l'espace de temps entre chaque ligne.
 
 \score {
   \new ChoirStaff <<
-    \new Staff \relative c'' {
+    \new Staff \relative {
       \stemUp
-      c'4. d8 e8 f g4
+      c'''4. d8 e8 f g4
     }
-    \new Staff \relative c {
+    \new Staff \relative {
     %% centre les lignes guides verticalement
       \clef bass
       \stemDown
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/notation/fretted-strings.itely b/Documentation/fr/notation/fretted-strings.itely
index 6e3d04139a..51047ab17d 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/notation/fretted-strings.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/notation/fretted-strings.itely
@@ -330,9 +330,9 @@ ligne, la note est répétée, entre parenthèses.  Il en va de même pour la
 seconde alternative d'une répétition.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-ties = \relative c' {
+ties = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    e2. f4~
+    e'2. f4~
     2 g2~
   }
   \alternative {
@@ -370,9 +370,9 @@ La commande @code{\hideSplitTiedTabNotes} permet d'éviter d'imprimer
 ces cases entre parenthèses.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-ties = \relative c' {
+ties = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    e2. f4~
+    e'2. f4~
     2 g2~ }
   \alternative {
     { g4 f2. }
@@ -1755,10 +1755,10 @@ Des têtes de note spéciales peuvent servir à indiquer les notes
 détaillés grâce à des indications textuelles.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \clef "treble_8"
   \override Staff.NoteHead.style = #'harmonic-mixed
-  d^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
+  d'^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
 }
 @end lilypond
 
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/notation/input.itely b/Documentation/fr/notation/input.itely
index 6c33698c67..44596972c3 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/notation/input.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/notation/input.itely
@@ -679,10 +679,10 @@ pour définir les champs @code{piece} et @code{opus}, comme ici :
 }
 
 \score {
-  \new Staff \relative g, {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \clef bass
     \key g \major
-    \repeat unfold 2 { g16( d' b') a b d, b' d, } |
+    \repeat unfold 2 { g,16( d' b') a b d, b' d, } |
     \repeat unfold 2 { g,16( e' c') b c e, c' e, } |
   }
   \header {
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ pour définir les champs @code{piece} et @code{opus}, comme ici :
 }
 
 \score {
-  \new Staff \relative b {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \clef bass
     \key g \major
     \partial 16 b16 |
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/notation/rhythms.itely b/Documentation/fr/notation/rhythms.itely
index 879200886a..1763877496 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/notation/rhythms.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/notation/rhythms.itely
@@ -1133,9 +1133,9 @@ la commande @code{\time} à l'aide d'un premier argument :
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \score {
   \new Staff {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \time #'(2 2 3) 7/8
-      \repeat unfold 7 { c8 } |
+      \repeat unfold 7 { c'8 } |
       \time #'(3 2 2) 7/8
       \repeat unfold 7 { c8 } |
     }
@@ -1196,8 +1196,8 @@ métrique :
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \score{
-  \relative c' {
-    \repeat unfold 8 { c8 } |
+  \relative {
+    \repeat unfold 8 { c'8 } |
     \overrideTimeSignatureSettings
       4/4        % timeSignatureFraction
       1/4        % baseMomentFraction
@@ -1755,9 +1755,9 @@ laquelle le @emph{dernier} nombre indique le @qq{dénominateur} de la
 métrique, les précédents représentent le @qq{numérateur}.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((2 2 2 8))
-  \repeat unfold 6 c8 \repeat unfold 12 c16
+  \repeat unfold 6 c'8 \repeat unfold 12 c16
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -1766,14 +1766,14 @@ entendu, les ligatures automatiques s'ajusteront aux différentes
 valeurs.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((1 4) (3 8))
-  \repeat unfold 5 c8 \repeat unfold 10 c16
+  \repeat unfold 5 c'8 \repeat unfold 10 c16
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((1 2 3 8) (3 4))
-  \repeat unfold 12 c8
+  \repeat unfold 12 c'8
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -2203,10 +2203,10 @@ supérieur s'appliqueront.
       }
     }
     \new Voice = two {
-      \relative c' {
+      \relative {
         \voiceTwo
         \set Voice.beatStructure = #'(1 3 3)
-        f8 f f f f f f
+        f'8 f f f f f f
       }
     }
   >>
@@ -3715,9 +3715,9 @@ troisième mesure, nous avançons de 1/8, en assignant 5/8 à
 La barre de mesure suivante tombera donc à 9/8 et non à 5/8.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\new Voice \relative c' {
+\new Voice \relative {
   \set Timing.measureLength = #(ly:make-moment 5/4)
-  c1 c4 |
+  c'1 c4 |
   c1 c4 |
   c4 c
   \set Timing.measurePosition = #(ly:make-moment 5/8)
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/notation/simultaneous.itely b/Documentation/fr/notation/simultaneous.itely
index 64b0226ffd..39dc79e56c 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/notation/simultaneous.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/notation/simultaneous.itely
@@ -208,9 +208,9 @@ supplémentaire qui recense les @var{types d'événement} à répéter et qui
 seraient absents de l'accord construit par un @code{q}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \chordRepeats #'(articulation-event)
-  { <a-. c\prall e>1\sfz c'4 q2 r8 q8-. } |
+  { <a'-. c\prall e>1\sfz c'4 q2 r8 q8-. } |
   q2 c, |
 }
 @end lilypond
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/notation/staff.itely b/Documentation/fr/notation/staff.itely
index 4a1b7f4463..61a5afd88d 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/notation/staff.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/notation/staff.itely
@@ -958,14 +958,14 @@ d'augmenter les retraits -- @emph{indent} -- au sein du bloc
 reportez-vous au chapitre @ref{Variables d'indentation et de décalage}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   <<
     \new Staff \with {
       instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
       shortInstrumentName = #"Flt."
     }
     {
-      f2 g4 f \break
+      f''2 g4 f \break
       g4 f g2
     }
     \new Staff \with {
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/notation/vocal.itely b/Documentation/fr/notation/vocal.itely
index c99a4838c8..c514b10e5c 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/notation/vocal.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/notation/vocal.itely
@@ -260,13 +260,13 @@ circonstances, une mélodie associée, grâce aux commandes
 <<
   \new Staff <<
     \time 2/4
-    \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
+    \new Voice = "one" \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
+      c''4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
     }
-    \new Voice = "two" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "two" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-       s2 s4. f8 e4 d c2
+       s2 s4. f'8 e4 d c2
     }
   >>
 
@@ -486,13 +486,13 @@ Voici un exemple de cette manière de procéder :
 <<
   \new Staff <<
     \time 2/4
-    \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
+    \new Voice = "one" \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
+      c''4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
     }
-    \new Voice = "two" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "two" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-       s2 s4. f8 e8 d4. c2
+       s2 s4. f'8 e8 d4. c2
     }
   >>
 % takes durations and alignment from notes in "one" initially
@@ -1440,8 +1440,8 @@ note quelle qu'en soit la durée.}
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b }
+        \relative {
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b }
           \alternative { { b b } { b c } }
           c4 c
         }
@@ -1486,9 +1486,9 @@ temporairement la détection automatique de mélismes et insérer des
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
+        \relative {
           \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
           \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
           \unset melismaBusyProperties
           c4 c
@@ -1523,8 +1523,8 @@ insérer des blancs :
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+        \relative {
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
           \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
           c4 c
         }
@@ -1556,8 +1556,8 @@ doivent être insérées manuellement :
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+        \relative {
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
           \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
           c4 c
         }
@@ -1630,11 +1630,11 @@ d'une fois sur l'autre :
 \score {
   <<
     \new Voice = "melody" {
-      \relative c' {
+      \relative {
         <<
           {
             \voiceOne
-            e4 e8 e
+            e'4 e8 e
           }
           \new Voice = "splitpart" {
             \voiceTwo
@@ -1912,9 +1912,9 @@ laquelle elle s'appliquera :
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    c4
+    c'4
     \slurDotted
     f8.[( g16])
     a4
@@ -2009,9 +2009,9 @@ modifie la propriété @code{associatedVoice}.  Dans cet exemple,
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    c4
+    c'4
     <<
       \new Voice = "alternative" {
         \voiceOne
@@ -2907,8 +2907,8 @@ Voici une illustration de tout ce que nous venons de voir :
 @c manually adjusted to suit the imposed line length.  -td
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-music = \relative c'' {
-  \repeat unfold 3 { a4 a a a }
+music = \relative {
+  \repeat unfold 3 { a'4 a a a }
 }
 
 dialogue = \lyricmode {
diff --git a/Documentation/fr/notation/world.itely b/Documentation/fr/notation/world.itely
index 4cf8044969..ae8dced8c0 100644
--- a/Documentation/fr/notation/world.itely
+++ b/Documentation/fr/notation/world.itely
@@ -216,9 +216,9 @@ l'aspect du demi-bémol dans l'armure.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \include "arabic.ly"
-\relative do' {
+\relative {
   \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
-  dod dob dosd \dwn dob dobsb dodsd do do
+  dod' dob dosd \dwn dob dobsb dodsd do do
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -422,13 +422,13 @@ intermédiaires et des modes inhabituels traités dans ce chapitre.
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \include "arabic.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative re' {
+  \relative {
     \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
     \key re \bayati
     \time 10/8
 
-    re4 re'8 re16 [misb re do] sisb [la sisb do] re4 r8
+    re'4 re'8 re16 [misb re do] sisb [la sisb do] re4 r8
     re16 [misb do re] sisb [do] la [sisb sol8] la [sisb] do [re] misb
     fa4 fa16 [misb] misb8. [re16] re8 [misb] re  [do] sisb
     do4 sisb8 misb16 [re do sisb] la [do sisb la] la4 r8
diff --git a/Documentation/hu/essay/engraving.itely b/Documentation/hu/essay/engraving.itely
index 618ec88a10..223f9606e1 100644
--- a/Documentation/hu/essay/engraving.itely
+++ b/Documentation/hu/essay/engraving.itely
@@ -371,22 +371,22 @@ global = {
     \new Staff \with {
       \magnifyStaff #2/3
     }
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \global
       \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Violin"
-      c8.(\f^> b16 c d) ees8.(^> d16 c b)
+      c'8.(\f^> b16 c d) ees8.(^> d16 c b)
       g8.(^> b16 c ees) g8-.^> r r
       R2.
     }
     \new PianoStaff <<
       \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Piano"
-      \new Staff \relative c' {
+      \new Staff \relative {
         \global
         s2.
-        s4. s8 r8 r16 <c f aes c>
+        s4. s8 r8 r16 <c' f aes c>
         <c f aes c>4.^> <c ees g>8 r r
       }
-      \new Staff \relative c {
+      \new Staff \relative {
         \global
         \clef "bass"
         <<
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ How do we actually make formatting decisions?  In other words, which
 of the three configurations should we choose for the following slur?
 
 @lilypond
-\relative c {
+\relative {
   \clef bass
   \once \override Slur.positions = #'(1.5 . 1)
   e8[( f] g[ a b d,)] r4
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ has given each one a score in @q{ugly points}.  The first example gets
 15.39 points for grazing one of the noteheads:
 
 @lilypond
-\relative c {
+\relative {
   \clef bass
   \once \override Slur.positions = #'(1.5 . 1)
   e8[(_"15.39" f] g[ a b d,)] r4
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ side, plus another 2 points because the slur ascends while the melody
 descends for a total of 13.08 ugly points:
 
 @lilypond
-\relative c {
+\relative {
   \clef bass
   \once \override Slur.positions = #'(2 . 3)
   e8[(_"13.08" f] g[ a b d,)] r4
@@ -682,24 +682,24 @@ measures 28--29, as shown here with Finale first and LilyPond second:
 @lilypond[staffsize=19.5,line-width=14\cm]
 global = { \key g \minor }
 
-partI = \relative c' {
+partI = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  fis8 d' ees g, fis4 g
+  fis'8 d' ees g, fis4 g
   r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a d8 r r4
 }
 
-partII = \relative c' {
+partII = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  d4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
+  d'4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
   ees8 d c ees a, r r4
 }
 
-partIII = \relative c' {
+partIII = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  r2 r8 d ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
+  r2 r8 d' ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
 }
 
-partIV = \relative c {
+partIV = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
   d4 r r2
   r8 d ees g, fis4 a
@@ -987,16 +987,16 @@ consider a more complicated musical example:
 
 \new PianoStaff <<
   \new Staff = "RH" <<
-    \new Voice = "I" \relative c''' {
+    \new Voice = "I" \relative {
       \time 3/4
       \voiceOne
-      \tuplet 7/6 { g8 g g g g g g }
+      \tuplet 7/6 { g''8 g g g g g g }
       \oneVoice
       r4 <b,, fis' g bes> r4\fermata
     }
-    \new Voice = "II" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "II" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4
+      c'4
       \tuplet 5/4 {
         <c ees>8 f g
         \change Staff = "LH" \oneVoice
@@ -1273,8 +1273,8 @@ chord has all directions up (right).
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c' {
-    \stemDown <e g b>4_>-\arpeggio
+  \relative {
+    \stemDown <e' g b>4_>-\arpeggio
     \override Arpeggio.direction = #RIGHT
     \stemUp <e g b>4^>-\arpeggio
   }
@@ -1343,11 +1343,11 @@ note head symbol is changed during the music fragment.
                   ((-2) (make-smaller-markup (make-bold-markup "2")))
                   (else "bla")))))))))
 
-\new Voice \relative c' {
+\new Voice \relative {
   \stemUp
   \set autoBeaming = ##f
   \time 2/4
-  <d f g>4
+  <d' f g>4
   \once \override NoteHead.stencil = #note-head::brew-ez-stencil
   \once \override NoteHead.font-size = #-7
   \once \override NoteHead.font-family = #'sans
@@ -1562,9 +1562,9 @@ LilyPond, version @version{}:
 @lilypond[staffsize=14.3,line-width=15.9\cm]
 global = {\key g \minor}
 
-partI = \relative c' {
+partI = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  fis8 d' ees g, fis4 g
+  fis'8 d' ees g, fis4 g
   r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a d8 r r4
   r2 r8 d16 ees f8 ees16 d
   ees4 ~ 16 d c bes a4 r8 ees'16 d
@@ -1573,9 +1573,9 @@ partI = \relative c' {
   a2 g\fermata \bar "|."
 }
 
-partII = \relative c' {
+partII = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  d4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
+  d'4 r4 r8 d'16 c bes8 c16 d
   ees8 d c ees a, r r4
   r8 fis16 g a8 g16 fis g2 ~
   2 r8 d' ees g,
@@ -1583,16 +1583,16 @@ partII = \relative c' {
   bes4. <g b>8 <a c> r <d, g> r
   <ees g>4 <d fis> d2
 }
-partIII = \relative c' {
+partIII = \relative {
   \voiceOne
-  r2 r8 d ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
+  r2 r8 d' ees g, fis4 g r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a
   bes2 ~ 8 b16 a g8 a16 b
   c4 r r2
   R1
   r8 d ees g, fis4 g
   r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a b2
 }
-partIV = \relative c {
+partIV = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
   d4 r r2
   r8 d ees g, fis4 a
diff --git a/Documentation/hu/learning/common-notation.itely b/Documentation/hu/learning/common-notation.itely
index 860b5bebbe..b87158f529 100644
--- a/Documentation/hu/learning/common-notation.itely
+++ b/Documentation/hu/learning/common-notation.itely
@@ -987,11 +987,11 @@ megtanultunk a dallam és szöveg összekapcsolásáról:
 @c but the example is long enough to avoid looking strange.
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,noragged-right]
 <<
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key g \major
     \time 3/4
     \partial 4
-    d4 g4 g a8( b) g4 g4
+    d'4 g4 g a8( b) g4 g4
     b8( c) d4 d e4 c2
   }
   \addlyrics {
@@ -1042,20 +1042,20 @@ mely Händel @notation{Júdás Makkabeus} c. oratóriumából való:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    c8 c([ bes]) a a([ g]) f f'4. b, c4.~ 4
+    c''8 c([ bes]) a a([ g]) f f'4. b, c4.~ 4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let flee -- cy flocks the hills a -- dorn, __
   }
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    r8 r4. r4 c8 a'([ g]) f f([ e]) d e([ d]) c bes'4
+    r8 r4. r4 c'8 a'([ g]) f f([ e]) d e([ d]) c bes'4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let flee -- cy flocks the hills a -- dorn,
diff --git a/Documentation/hu/learning/fundamental.itely b/Documentation/hu/learning/fundamental.itely
index ebfff9dc3b..100f69c5a4 100644
--- a/Documentation/hu/learning/fundamental.itely
+++ b/Documentation/hu/learning/fundamental.itely
@@ -774,12 +774,12 @@ Leginkább viszont akkor van szükségünk többszörös szólamokra, amikor a h
 @c The following should appear as music without code
 @c The three voice styles should be defined in -init
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\new Staff \relative c'' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \key aes \major
   <<
     {  % 1. szólam
       \voiceOneStyle
-      c2 aes4. bes8
+      c''2 aes4. bes8
     }
   \\  % 2. szólam
     { \voiceTwoStyle
@@ -952,10 +952,10 @@ The red diamond-shaped notes demonstrate that the main melody is now in a single
 permitting a phrasing slur to be drawn over them.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \voiceOneStyle
   % A következő hangok monofónok
-  c16^( d e f
+  c'16^( d e f
   % Szimultán rész három szólammal
   <<
     % Continue the main voice in parallel
@@ -1009,11 +1009,11 @@ Létrehozhatunk többszörösen beágyazott polifón szerkezetet is, és ha a sz
 A szólamokat akkor érdemes így írni, ha a zene csak egy kis része polifón. Viszont amikor az egész ötvonalas kotta nagyrésze polifón, egyszerűbb, ha többszörös szólamokat  használunk mindenütt, --  ritkított hangokkal, hogy átlépjük azokat a részeket, ahol a szólamok  üresek. Az alábbi példa ezt mutatja:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' <<
+\new Staff \relative <<
   % Initiate first voice
   \new Voice {
     \voiceOne
-    c16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e2) |
+    c'16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e2) |
   }
   % Initiate second voice
   \new Voice {
@@ -1096,10 +1096,10 @@ name assigned to the Voice.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment]
 <<
-  \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
+  \new Voice = "one" \relative {
     \autoBeamOff
     \time 2/4
-    c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
+    c''4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" {
     No more let sins and sor -- rows grow.
@@ -1814,13 +1814,13 @@ because we omitted the context name.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 <<
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Soprano"
-    c4 c
+    c''4 c
  }
-  \new Staff \relative c' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
   \set instrumentName = #"Alto"  % Wrong!
-  d4 d
+  d'4 d
  }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1862,9 +1862,9 @@ So this turns off extra naturals in one staff:
   \new Staff \relative {
     ais'4 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
-    ais4 aes
+    ais'4 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1877,9 +1877,9 @@ and this turns them off in all staves:
   \new Staff \relative {
     ais'4 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Score.extraNatural = ##f
-    ais4 aes
+    ais'4 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -2106,14 +2106,14 @@ range from that voice only:
   \new Voice \with {
     \consists "Ambitus_engraver"
   }
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     \voiceOne
-    c a b g
+    c'' a b g
   }
   \new Voice
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \voiceTwo
-    c e d f
+    c' e d f
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -2129,14 +2129,14 @@ the notes in all the voices on that staff:
   }
   <<
   \new Voice
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     \voiceOne
-    c a b g
+    c'' a b g
   }
   \new Voice
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \voiceTwo
-    c e d f
+    c' e d f
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -2444,17 +2444,17 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
   r4 d'2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2
 }
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2
 }
@@ -2673,17 +2673,17 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
   r4 d'2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2
 }
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2
 }
@@ -3016,9 +3016,9 @@ macros, or user-defined commands) for tweaks:
 dolce = \markup { \italic \bold dolce }
 padText = { \once \override TextScript.padding = #5.0 }
 fthenp=_\markup { \dynamic f \italic \small { 2nd } \hspace #0.1 \dynamic p }
-violin = \relative c'' {
+violin = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    c4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b
+    c''4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b
     \padText
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d
     c,4.\fthenp b8 c4 c-.
@@ -3040,9 +3040,9 @@ variables.  It's a lot harder to read, especially
 the last line.
 
 @example
-violin = \relative c'' @{
+violin = \relative @{
   \repeat volta 2 @{
-    c4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b
+    c''4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b
     \once \override TextScript.padding = #5.0
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d
     c,4.\markup @{ \dynamic f \italic \small @{ 2nd @}
@@ -3170,7 +3170,7 @@ This command sets the property @code{skipBars} in the
 this option to the music above, leads to the following result
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\transpose f c' \relative c {
+\transpose f c' \relative {
   \time 2/4
   \set Score.skipBars = ##t
   R2*3
diff --git a/Documentation/hu/usage/running.itely b/Documentation/hu/usage/running.itely
index 4b353eafbc..497ce43d0d 100644
--- a/Documentation/hu/usage/running.itely
+++ b/Documentation/hu/usage/running.itely
@@ -558,8 +558,8 @@ A megoldás a @code{\repeat} és a @code{\relative} parancsok felcserélése, a
 következő módon:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
-  \repeat unfold 2 { c d e f }
+\relative {
+  \repeat unfold 2 { c' d e f }
 }
 @end lilypond
 
diff --git a/Documentation/included/gonville.ly b/Documentation/included/gonville.ly
index cca61f09b9..be87460f2f 100644
--- a/Documentation/included/gonville.ly
+++ b/Documentation/included/gonville.ly
@@ -52,10 +52,10 @@ sampleMusic = \relative {
   }
 }
 
-\relative c''
+\relative
 {
   \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Gonv override"
-  c2^\trill c
+  c''2^\trill c
   \override NoteHead.font-family = #'gonville
   \override Script.font-family = #'gonville
   c^\trill c 
diff --git a/Documentation/it/learning/common-notation.itely b/Documentation/it/learning/common-notation.itely
index 612e60e661..15b6b39c69 100644
--- a/Documentation/it/learning/common-notation.itely
+++ b/Documentation/it/learning/common-notation.itely
@@ -1206,11 +1206,11 @@ finora sull'allineamento del testo con le note.
 @c but the example is long enough to avoid looking strange.
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,noragged-right]
 <<
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key g \major
     \time 3/4
     \partial 4
-    d4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
+    d'4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
     d4 d e | c2
   }
   \addlyrics {
@@ -1263,20 +1263,20 @@ più semplice, ovvero @code{\addlyrics}.  Ecco un esempio tratto dal
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    c8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
+    c''8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let | flee -- cy flocks the | hills a -- | dorn, __
   }
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    r8 | r4. r4 c8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
+    r8 | r4. r4 c'8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let | flee -- cy flocks the | hills a -- dorn,
diff --git a/Documentation/it/learning/fundamental.itely b/Documentation/it/learning/fundamental.itely
index 632f9c183e..6eaa3ecf66 100644
--- a/Documentation/it/learning/fundamental.itely
+++ b/Documentation/it/learning/fundamental.itely
@@ -837,12 +837,12 @@ ignora quel che non capisci.
 @c The following should appear as music without code
 @c The three voice styles should be defined in -init
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\new Staff \relative c'' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \key aes \major
   <<
     {  % Prima voce
       \voiceOneStyle
-      c2 aes4. bes8
+      c''2 aes4. bes8
     }
   \\  % Seconda voce
     { \voiceTwoStyle
@@ -1003,18 +1003,18 @@ markup, legature di valore, legature di portamento, e dinamica:
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceOne
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
@@ -1033,10 +1033,10 @@ principale si trova ora nel contesto di una voce singola, e questo fa
 sì che sia possibile disegnare una legatura di frase sopra di esse.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \voiceOneStyle
   % This section is homophonic
-  c16^( d e f
+  c'16^( d e f
   % Start simultaneous section of three voices
   <<
     % Continue the main voice in parallel
@@ -1096,11 +1096,11 @@ usando le note spaziatrici per saltare le parti in cui una delle voci è muta,
 come nel seguente esempio:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' <<
+\new Staff \relative <<
   % Initiate first voice
   \new Voice {
     \voiceOne
-    c16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e) |
+    c'16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e) |
   }
   % Initiate second voice
   \new Voice {
@@ -1195,10 +1195,10 @@ il nome assegnato alla voce.
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 <<
   \new Voice = "one" {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \autoBeamOff
       \time 2/4
-      c4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
+      c''4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
     }
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" {
@@ -1730,13 +1730,13 @@ perché abbiamo omesso il nome del contesto.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 <<
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Soprano"
-    c2 c
+    c''2 c
  }
-  \new Staff \relative c' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set instrumentName = #"Alto"  % Wrong!
-    d2 d
+    d'2 d
  }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1776,9 +1776,9 @@ Quindi in questo modo si disattiva il bequadro su un rigo:
   \new Staff \relative {
     aeses'2 aes
  }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
-    aeses2 aes
+    aeses'2 aes
  }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1791,9 +1791,9 @@ e in questo modo si disattiva in tutti i righi:
   \new Staff \relative {
     aeses'2 aes
  }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Score.extraNatural = ##f
-    aeses2 aes
+    aeses'2 aes
  }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -2026,15 +2026,15 @@ di quella voce soltanto:
   \new Voice \with {
     \consists "Ambitus_engraver"
   } {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2050,15 +2050,15 @@ l'intervallo di tutte le note in tutte le voci di quel pentagramma:
 }
 <<
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2381,18 +2381,18 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
 
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2 |
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2 |
 }
 
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2 |
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2 |
 }
@@ -2616,17 +2616,17 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
   r4 d'2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2 |
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2 |
 }
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2 |
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2 |
 }
@@ -3027,9 +3027,9 @@ fthenp =_\markup {
   \dynamic f \italic \small { 2nd } \hspace #0.1 \dynamic p
 }
 
-violin = \relative c'' {
+violin = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    c4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b |
+    c''4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b |
     \padText
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d |
     c,4.\fthenp b8 c4 c-. |
@@ -3051,9 +3051,9 @@ precedente senza alcuna variabile.  È molto difficile da leggere,
 soprattutto l'ultima linea.
 
 @example
-violin = \relative c'' @{
+violin = \relative @{
   \repeat volta 2 @{
-    c4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b |
+    c''4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b |
     \once \override TextScript.padding = #5.0
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d |
     c,4.\markup @{
@@ -3183,7 +3183,7 @@ Questo comando imposta la proprietà @code{skipBars} nel contesto
 opzione alla musica precedente, si arriva al seguente risultato
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\transpose f c' \relative c {
+\transpose f c' \relative {
   \time 2/4
   \set Score.skipBars = ##t
   R2*3 |
diff --git a/Documentation/it/learning/tutorial.itely b/Documentation/it/learning/tutorial.itely
index ef99b85a44..76ce41f297 100644
--- a/Documentation/it/learning/tutorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/it/learning/tutorial.itely
@@ -415,10 +415,10 @@ L' @notation{indicazione di tempo} e l' @notation{indicazione metronomica} si
 impostano col comando @code{\tempo}:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante"
-  a4 a a
+  a'4 a a
   \time 6/8
   \tempo 4. = 96
   a4. a
@@ -467,11 +467,11 @@ La @notation{chiave} si imposta con il comando @code{\clef}:
 Ecco un piccolo esempio che mostra tutti questi elementi insieme:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c, {
+\relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante" 4 = 120
-  c2 e8 c'
+  c,2 e8 c'
   g'2.
   f4 e d
   c4 c, r
diff --git a/Documentation/it/learning/tweaks.itely b/Documentation/it/learning/tweaks.itely
index 6794a54e96..53abe0f8cf 100644
--- a/Documentation/it/learning/tweaks.itely
+++ b/Documentation/it/learning/tweaks.itely
@@ -4044,10 +4044,10 @@ il modo migliore è impostare la proprietà @code{stencil} su
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Indicazione di tempo visibile
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \hide Score.MetronomeMark
     % Indicazione di tempo invisibile per allungare la fermata nel MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -4067,10 +4067,10 @@ il modo migliore è impostare la proprietà @code{stencil} su
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Indicazione di tempo visibile
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \omit Score.MetronomeMark
     % Indicazione di tempo invisibile per allungare la fermata nel MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -4221,9 +4221,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
    #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4264,9 +4264,9 @@ Ora modifichiamo la musica (e salviamo questo file come @file{music.ly}).
 @example
 \include "definitions.ily"
 
-\relative c'' @{
+\relative @{
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4286,9 +4286,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
    #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4365,9 +4365,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4439,9 +4439,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4658,7 +4658,7 @@ note in base alla loro posizione sul rigo.
        ((0) (x11-color 'violet ))  ; for B
        )))
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   % Fa sì che il colore sia preso dalla procedura color-notehead
   \override NoteHead.color = #color-notehead
   a2 b | c2 d | e2 f | g2 a |
diff --git a/Documentation/it/notation/editorial.itely b/Documentation/it/notation/editorial.itely
index 3fdc1c3be8..0a84b9eedf 100644
--- a/Documentation/it/notation/editorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/it/notation/editorial.itely
@@ -794,11 +794,11 @@ Le linee  si estendono a partire dalle linee centrali di ciascun rigo.
 
 \score {
   \new ChoirStaff <<
-    \new Staff \relative c'' {
+    \new Staff \relative {
       \stemUp
-      c4. d8 e8 f g4
+      c''4. d8 e8 f g4
     }
-    \new Staff \relative c {
+    \new Staff \relative {
       \clef bass
       \stemDown
       c4 g' f e
diff --git a/Documentation/it/notation/rhythms.itely b/Documentation/it/notation/rhythms.itely
index 8af419ab2b..ff76867748 100644
--- a/Documentation/it/notation/rhythms.itely
+++ b/Documentation/it/notation/rhythms.itely
@@ -1107,9 +1107,9 @@ Si può sovrascrivere il valore predefinito di @code{beatStructure} nel comando
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \score {
   \new Staff {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \time #'(2 2 3) 7/8
-      \repeat unfold 7 { c8 } |
+      \repeat unfold 7 { c'8 } |
       \time #'(3 2 2) 7/8
       \repeat unfold 7 { c8 } |
     }
@@ -1172,8 +1172,8 @@ essere ripristinati ai valori originali:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \score{
-  \relative c' {
-    \repeat unfold 8 { c8 } |
+  \relative {
+    \repeat unfold 8 { c'8 } |
     \overrideTimeSignatureSettings
       4/4        % timeSignatureFraction
       1/4        % baseMomentFraction
@@ -1720,9 +1720,9 @@ indica il numero inferiore dell'indicazione di tempo e i numeri precedenti
 indicano i numeri superiori del segno di tempo.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((2 2 2 8))
-  \repeat unfold 6 c8 \repeat unfold 12 c16
+  \repeat unfold 6 c'8 \repeat unfold 12 c16
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -1731,14 +1731,14 @@ di disposizione automatica delle travature varieranno a seconda di questi
 valori.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((1 4) (3 8))
-  \repeat unfold 5 c8 \repeat unfold 10 c16
+  \repeat unfold 5 c'8 \repeat unfold 10 c16
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((1 2 3 8) (3 4))
-  \repeat unfold 12 c8
+  \repeat unfold 12 c'8
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -2160,10 +2160,10 @@ contiene.
       }
     }
     \new Voice = two {
-      \relative c' {
+      \relative {
         \voiceTwo
         \set Voice.beatStructure = #'(1 3 3)
-        f8 f f f f f f
+        f'8 f f f f f f
       }
     }
   >>
@@ -3679,9 +3679,9 @@ di 1/8 fino a 5/8, diminuendo quella misura di 1/8.
 Quindi la stanghetta successiva si troverà a 9/8 invece che a 5/4.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\new Voice \relative c' {
+\new Voice \relative {
   \set Timing.measureLength = #(ly:make-moment 5/4)
-  c1 c4 |
+  c'1 c4 |
   c1 c4 |
   c4 c
   \set Timing.measurePosition = #(ly:make-moment 5/8)
diff --git a/Documentation/it/notation/simultaneous.itely b/Documentation/it/notation/simultaneous.itely
index cd1fd6d465..bc7761b76f 100644
--- a/Documentation/it/notation/simultaneous.itely
+++ b/Documentation/it/notation/simultaneous.itely
@@ -201,9 +201,9 @@ lista di @var{tipi di evento} da mantenere, a meno che eventi di quel tipo non
 siano già presenti nell'accordo @code{q} stesso.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \chordRepeats #'(articulation-event)
-  { <a-. c\prall e>1\sfz c'4 q2 r8 q8-. } |
+  { <a'-. c\prall e>1\sfz c'4 q2 r8 q8-. } |
   q2 c, |
 }
 @end lilypond
diff --git a/Documentation/it/notation/staff.itely b/Documentation/it/notation/staff.itely
index 5cd0ad36a2..87462d74c1 100644
--- a/Documentation/it/notation/staff.itely
+++ b/Documentation/it/notation/staff.itely
@@ -942,14 +942,14 @@ Ulteriori dettagli su queste impostazioni si trovano in
 @ref{paper variables for shifts and indents,,@code{@bs{}paper} variables for shifts and indents}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   <<
     \new Staff \with {
       instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
       shortInstrumentName = #"Flt."
     }
     {
-      f2 g4 f \break
+      f''2 g4 f \break
       g4 f g2
     }
     \new Staff \with {
diff --git a/Documentation/it/notation/vocal.itely b/Documentation/it/notation/vocal.itely
index 711292570c..87f219a117 100644
--- a/Documentation/it/notation/vocal.itely
+++ b/Documentation/it/notation/vocal.itely
@@ -265,13 +265,13 @@ circostanze speciali) da una melodia associata, usando
 <<
   \new Staff <<
     \time 2/4
-    \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
+    \new Voice = "one" \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
+      c''4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
     }
-    \new Voice = "two" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "two" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-       s2 s4. f8 e4 d c2
+       s2 s4. f'8 e4 d c2
     }
   >>
 
@@ -493,13 +493,13 @@ Ecco un esempio che ne dimostra l'utilizzo:
 <<
   \new Staff <<
     \time 2/4
-    \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
+    \new Voice = "one" \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
+      c''4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
     }
-    \new Voice = "two" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "two" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-       s2 s4. f8 e8 d4. c2
+       s2 s4. f'8 e8 d4. c2
     }
   >>
 % inizialmente prende le note e le durate da "one"
@@ -1436,8 +1436,8 @@ numero che segue.}
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-  \relative c'' {
-    \repeat volta 2 { b4 b }
+  \relative {
+    \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b }
     \alternative { { b b } { b c } }
     c4 c
   }
@@ -1483,9 +1483,9 @@ e inserire dei salti manuali.
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
-    \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+    \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
     \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
     \unset melismaBusyProperties
     c4 c
@@ -1520,8 +1520,8 @@ comandi @code{\skip}, come si è visto prima.
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-  \relative c'' {
-    \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+  \relative {
+    \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
     \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
     c4 c
   }
@@ -1553,8 +1553,8 @@ un finale alternativo, questi vanno inseriti a mano.
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-  \relative c'' {
-    \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+  \relative {
+    \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
     \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
     c4 c
   }
@@ -1625,11 +1625,11 @@ contesti specifici:
 \score {
   <<
     \new Voice = "melody" {
-      \relative c' {
+      \relative {
   <<
     {
       \voiceOne
-      e4 e8 e
+      e'4 e8 e
     }
     \new Voice = "splitpart" {
       \voiceTwo
@@ -1897,9 +1897,9 @@ nel far sì che la voce più veloce ignori il melisma, impostando
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    c4
+    c'4
     \slurDotted
     f8.[( g16])
     a4
@@ -1985,9 +1985,9 @@ del contesto del testo impostando la proprietà @code{associatedVoice}:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    c4
+    c'4
     <<
       \new Voice = "alternative" {
   \voiceOne
@@ -2855,8 +2855,8 @@ Ecco un esempio che illustra come fare.
 @c manually adjusted to suit the imposed line length.  -td
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-music = \relative c'' {
-  \repeat unfold 3 { a4 a a a }
+music = \relative {
+  \repeat unfold 3 { a'4 a a a }
 }
 
 dialogue = \lyricmode {
diff --git a/Documentation/ja/learning/common-notation.itely b/Documentation/ja/learning/common-notation.itely
index fc4a3673e6..fa136f3e0b 100644
--- a/Documentation/ja/learning/common-notation.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ja/learning/common-notation.itely
@@ -1185,11 +1185,11 @@ song.ly:12:46: warning: barcheck failed at: 3/8
 @c but the example is long enough to avoid looking strange.
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,noragged-right]
 <<
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key g \major
     \time 3/4
     \partial 4
-    d4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
+    d'4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
     d4 d e | c2
   }
   \addlyrics {
@@ -1242,20 +1242,20 @@ song.ly:12:46: warning: barcheck failed at: 3/8
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    c8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
+    c''8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let | flee -- cy flocks the | hills a -- | dorn, __
   }
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    r8 | r4. r4 c8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
+    r8 | r4. r4 c'8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let | flee -- cy flocks the | hills a -- dorn,
diff --git a/Documentation/ja/learning/fundamental.itely b/Documentation/ja/learning/fundamental.itely
index 9f643df1b0..655facf07f 100644
--- a/Documentation/ja/learning/fundamental.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ja/learning/fundamental.itely
@@ -899,12 +899,12 @@ A フラットは付点 4 分音符であり、F は 4 分音符、D フラッ
 @c The following should appear as music without code
 @c The three voice styles should be defined in -init
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\new Staff \relative c'' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \key aes \major
   <<
     { % Voice one
       \voiceOneStyle
-      c2 aes4. bes8
+      c''2 aes4. bes8
     }
   \\  % Voice two
     { \voiceTwoStyle
@@ -1066,18 +1066,18 @@ LilyPond は音符の水平方向の位置を調節するための手段をい
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceOne
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
@@ -1096,10 +1096,10 @@ LilyPond は音符の水平方向の位置を調節するための手段をい
 示しています。
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \voiceOneStyle
   % This section is homophonic
-  c16^( d e f
+  c'16^( d e f
   % Start simultaneous section of three voices
   <<
     % Continue the main voice in parallel
@@ -1155,11 +1155,11 @@ LilyPond は音符の水平方向の位置を調節するための手段をい
 ボイスが無音の場所を飛ばすには以下のように空白音符を使用します:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' <<
+\new Staff \relative <<
   % Initiate first voice
   \new Voice {
     \voiceOne
-    c16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e) |
+    c'16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e) |
   }
   % Initiate second voice
   \new Voice {
@@ -1254,10 +1254,10 @@ LilyPond は音符の水平方向の位置を調節するための手段をい
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 <<
   \new Voice = "one" {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \autoBeamOff
       \time 2/4
-      c4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
+      c''4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
     }
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" {
@@ -1799,13 +1799,13 @@ LilyPond によって作成された楽譜上にあるすべての記号は
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 <<
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Soprano"
-    c2 c
+    c''2 c
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set instrumentName = #"Alto"  % Wrong!
-    d2 d
+    d'2 d
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1850,9 +1850,9 @@ LilyPond 入力ファイルに対する特別なサポートを持つ@c
   \new Staff \relative {
     aeses'2 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
-    aeses2 aes
+    aeses'2 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1865,9 +1865,9 @@ LilyPond 入力ファイルに対する特別なサポートを持つ@c
   \new Staff \relative {
     aeses'2 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Score.extraNatural = ##f
-    aeses2 aes
+    aeses'2 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -2114,15 +2114,15 @@ like this:
   \new Voice \with {
     \consists "Ambitus_engraver"
   } {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2138,15 +2138,15 @@ like this:
 }
 <<
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2479,18 +2479,18 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
 
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2 |
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2 |
 }
 
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2 |
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2 |
 }
@@ -2704,17 +2704,17 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
   r4 d'2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2 |
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2 |
 }
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2 |
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2 |
 }
@@ -3121,9 +3121,9 @@ fthenp =_\markup {
   \dynamic f \italic \small { 2nd } \hspace #0.1 \dynamic p
 }
 
-violin = \relative c'' {
+violin = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    c4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b |
+    c''4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b |
     \padText
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d |
     c,4.\fthenp b8 c4 c-. |
@@ -3145,9 +3145,9 @@ violin = \relative c'' {
 とても読み難く、特に最後の行が読み難いです。
 
 @example
-violin = \relative c'' @{
+violin = \relative @{
   \repeat volta 2 @{
-    c4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b |
+    c''4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b |
     \once \override TextScript.padding = #5.0
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d |
     c,4.\markup @{
@@ -3281,7 +3281,7 @@ R2*3
 以下のような結果になります:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\transpose f c' \relative c {
+\transpose f c' \relative {
   \time 2/4
   \set Score.skipBars = ##t
   R2*3 |
diff --git a/Documentation/ja/learning/tutorial.itely b/Documentation/ja/learning/tutorial.itely
index 412245209d..8e82778674 100644
--- a/Documentation/ja/learning/tutorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ja/learning/tutorial.itely
@@ -431,10 +431,10 @@ A, G, F である場合は B の下に置かれます。
 @code{\tempo} コマンドでセットすることができます:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante"
-  a4 a a
+  a'4 a a
   \time 6/8
   \tempo 4. = 96
   a4. a
@@ -482,11 +482,11 @@ A, G, F である場合は B の下に置かれます。
 以上の要素をすべて集めたちょっとした例をお見せします:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c, {
+\relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante" 4 = 120
-  c2 e8 c'
+  c,2 e8 c'
   g'2.
   f4 e d
   c4 c, r
diff --git a/Documentation/ja/learning/tweaks.itely b/Documentation/ja/learning/tweaks.itely
index cf353f0231..257dae26e1 100644
--- a/Documentation/ja/learning/tweaks.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ja/learning/tweaks.itely
@@ -3892,10 +3892,10 @@ lhMusic = \relative {
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Visible tempo marking
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \hide Score.MetronomeMark
     % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -3914,10 +3914,10 @@ lhMusic = \relative {
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Visible tempo marking
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \omit Score.MetronomeMark
     % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -4074,9 +4074,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
    #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4122,9 +4122,9 @@ inst =
 @example
 \include "definitions.ily"
 
-\relative c'' @{
+\relative @{
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4147,9 +4147,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
    #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4234,9 +4234,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4316,9 +4316,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4539,7 +4539,7 @@ Scheme プロシージャをセットすることができます。@c
        ((0) (x11-color 'violet ))  ; for B
        )))
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   % Arrange to obtain color from color-notehead procedure
   \override NoteHead.color = #color-notehead
   a2 b | c2 d | e2 f | g2 a |
diff --git a/Documentation/ja/notation/changing-defaults.itely b/Documentation/ja/notation/changing-defaults.itely
index 29e027aac8..4a13713095 100644
--- a/Documentation/ja/notation/changing-defaults.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ja/notation/changing-defaults.itely
@@ -4683,9 +4683,9 @@ tempoPadded =
      \tempo \markup { \bold #tempotext }
    #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo \markup { "Low tempo" }
-  c4 d e f g1
+  c''4 d e f g1
   \tempoPadded #4.0 "High tempo"
   g4 f e d c1
 }
diff --git a/Documentation/ja/notation/editorial.itely b/Documentation/ja/notation/editorial.itely
index 4e0d3e85cf..10e0a139ca 100644
--- a/Documentation/ja/notation/editorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ja/notation/editorial.itely
@@ -640,11 +640,11 @@ altered:
 
 \score {
   \new ChoirStaff <<
-    \new Staff \relative c'' {
+    \new Staff \relative {
       \stemUp
-      c4. d8 e8 f g4
+      c''4. d8 e8 f g4
     }
-    \new Staff \relative c {
+    \new Staff \relative {
       \clef bass
       \stemDown
       c4 g' f e
diff --git a/Documentation/ja/notation/fretted-strings.itely b/Documentation/ja/notation/fretted-strings.itely
index d1ff2dd3e8..b52b2a018a 100644
--- a/Documentation/ja/notation/fretted-strings.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ja/notation/fretted-strings.itely
@@ -297,9 +297,9 @@ guitar = \relative {
 繰り返しの差し替え部分でも同様です。
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-ties = \relative c' {
+ties = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    e2. f4~
+    e'2. f4~
     2 g2~
   }
   \alternative {
@@ -337,9 +337,9 @@ ties = \relative c' {
 括弧付きフレット番号の譜刻をキャンセルします:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-ties = \relative c' {
+ties = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    e2. f4~
+    e'2. f4~
     2 g2~ }
   \alternative {
     { g4 f2. }
@@ -1731,10 +1731,10 @@ e16 b g d
 通常、ハーモニクスにはテキスト マークアップによる説明も付け加えます。
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \clef "treble_8"
   \override Staff.NoteHead.style = #'harmonic-mixed
-  d^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
+  d'^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
 }
 @end lilypond
 
diff --git a/Documentation/ja/notation/input.itely b/Documentation/ja/notation/input.itely
index 887f5d5ea3..7618f41f03 100644
--- a/Documentation/ja/notation/input.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ja/notation/input.itely
@@ -596,10 +596,10 @@ book が単一の score しか持たない場合、@c
 }
 
 \score {
-  \new Staff \relative g, {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \clef bass
     \key g \major
-    \repeat unfold 2 { g16( d' b') a b d, b' d, } |
+    \repeat unfold 2 { g,16( d' b') a b d, b' d, } |
     \repeat unfold 2 { g,16( e' c') b c e, c' e, } |
   }
   \header {
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ book が単一の score しか持たない場合、@c
 }
 
 \score {
-  \new Staff \relative b {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \clef bass
     \key g \major
     \partial 16 b16 |
diff --git a/Documentation/ja/notation/rhythms.itely b/Documentation/ja/notation/rhythms.itely
index 9241b923aa..3aa374d61e 100644
--- a/Documentation/ja/notation/rhythms.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ja/notation/rhythms.itely
@@ -1164,8 +1164,8 @@ c c c c
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \score{
-  \relative c' {
-    \repeat unfold 8 { c8 } |
+  \relative {
+    \repeat unfold 8 { c'8 } |
     \overrideTimeSignatureSettings
       4/4        % timeSignatureFraction
       1/4        % baseMomentFraction
@@ -1716,9 +1716,9 @@ c8 c c
 リストの @emph{最後の} 数字が拍子記号の分母になります。
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((2 2 2 8))
-  \repeat unfold 6 c8 \repeat unfold 12 c16
+  \repeat unfold 6 c'8 \repeat unfold 12 c16
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -1726,14 +1726,14 @@ c8 c c
 また、この関数で指定された値に基づいて自動連桁の設定は調節されます。
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((1 4) (3 8))
-  \repeat unfold 5 c8 \repeat unfold 10 c16
+  \repeat unfold 5 c'8 \repeat unfold 10 c16
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((1 2 3 8) (3 4))
-  \repeat unfold 12 c8
+  \repeat unfold 12 c'8
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -2080,10 +2080,10 @@ c16^"(3+2)" c c c c |
       }
     }
     \new Voice = two {
-      \relative c' {
+      \relative {
         \voiceTwo
         \set Voice.beatStructure = #'(1 3 3)
-        f8 f f f f f f
+        f'8 f f f f f f
       }
     }
   >>
@@ -3527,9 +3527,9 @@ MyCadenza = \relative {
 次の小節線は 5/4 ではなく 9/8 の位置で引かれます。
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\new Voice \relative c' {
+\new Voice \relative {
   \set Timing.measureLength = #(ly:make-moment 5/4)
-  c1 c4 |
+  c'1 c4 |
   c1 c4 |
   c4 c
   \set Timing.measurePosition = #(ly:make-moment 5/8)
diff --git a/Documentation/ja/notation/simultaneous.itely b/Documentation/ja/notation/simultaneous.itely
index 866a26acdb..c7219f0a36 100644
--- a/Documentation/ja/notation/simultaneous.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ja/notation/simultaneous.itely
@@ -196,9 +196,9 @@ q2 c, |
 これにより持ち越されるイベントはすでに和音 @code{q} に存在しているものだけです。
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \chordRepeats #'(articulation-event)
-  { <a-. c\prall e>1\sfz c'4 q2 r8 q8-. } |
+  { <a'-. c\prall e>1\sfz c'4 q2 r8 q8-. } |
   q2 c, |
 }
 @end lilypond
diff --git a/Documentation/ja/notation/staff.itely b/Documentation/ja/notation/staff.itely
index ab8e317c43..f047434726 100644
--- a/Documentation/ja/notation/staff.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ja/notation/staff.itely
@@ -951,14 +951,14 @@ d4 e f g
 を参照してください。
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   <<
     \new Staff \with {
       instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
       shortInstrumentName = #"Flt."
     }
     {
-      f2 g4 f \break
+      f''2 g4 f \break
       g4 f g2
     }
     \new Staff \with {
diff --git a/Documentation/ja/notation/vocal.itely b/Documentation/ja/notation/vocal.itely
index 7ec5c737c9..3ef53042d6 100644
--- a/Documentation/ja/notation/vocal.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ja/notation/vocal.itely
@@ -254,13 +254,13 @@
 <<
   \new Staff <<
     \time 2/4
-    \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
+    \new Voice = "one" \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
+      c''4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
     }
-    \new Voice = "two" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "two" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-       s2 s4. f8 e4 d c2
+       s2 s4. f'8 e4 d c2
     }
   >>
 
@@ -480,13 +480,13 @@
 <<
   \new Staff <<
     \time 2/4
-    \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
+    \new Voice = "one" \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
+      c''4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
     }
-    \new Voice = "two" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "two" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-       s2 s4. f8 e8 d4. c2
+       s2 s4. f'8 e8 d4. c2
     }
   >>
 % 最初は "one" の音符に揃えます
@@ -607,8 +607,8 @@
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 {
-  \relative c'' { \autoBeamOff
-    r8 b c fis, fis c' b e, }
+  \relative { \autoBeamOff
+    r8 b' c fis, fis c' b e, }
   \addlyrics { Che_in ques -- ta_e_in quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }
   \addlyrics { "Che in" ques -- "ta e in" quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }
   \addlyrics { Che~in ques -- ta~e~in quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }
@@ -1430,8 +1430,8 @@ contraltoWords = \lyricmode { Con -- tral -- to words }
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b }
+        \relative {
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b }
           \alternative { { b b } { b c } }
           c4 c
         }
@@ -1477,9 +1477,9 @@ contraltoWords = \lyricmode { Con -- tral -- to words }
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
+        \relative {
           \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
           \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
           \unset melismaBusyProperties
           c4 c
@@ -1515,8 +1515,8 @@ contraltoWords = \lyricmode { Con -- tral -- to words }
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+        \relative {
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
           \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
           c4 c
         }
@@ -1549,8 +1549,8 @@ contraltoWords = \lyricmode { Con -- tral -- to words }
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+        \relative {
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
           \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
           c4 c
         }
@@ -1622,11 +1622,11 @@ contraltoWords = \lyricmode { Con -- tral -- to words }
 \score {
   <<
     \new Voice = "melody" {
-      \relative c' {
+      \relative {
         <<
           {
             \voiceOne
-            e4 e8 e
+            e'4 e8 e
           }
           \new Voice = "splitpart" {
             \voiceTwo
@@ -1789,9 +1789,9 @@ text = {
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    c4
+    c'4
     \slurDotted
     f8.[( g16])
     a4
@@ -1879,9 +1879,9 @@ text = {
 @c KEEP LY
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    c4
+    c'4
     <<
       \new Voice = "alternative" {
         \voiceOne
@@ -2756,8 +2756,8 @@ Lyrics コンテキストを用いると良い結果を得られます。@c
 @c manually adjusted to suit the imposed line length.  -td
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-music = \relative c'' {
-  \repeat unfold 3 { a4 a a a }
+music = \relative {
+  \repeat unfold 3 { a'4 a a a }
 }
 
 dialogue = \lyricmode {
diff --git a/Documentation/ja/notation/world.itely b/Documentation/ja/notation/world.itely
index c95d37d790..265905f77c 100644
--- a/Documentation/ja/notation/world.itely
+++ b/Documentation/ja/notation/world.itely
@@ -209,9 +209,9 @@
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \include "arabic.ly"
-\relative do' {
+\relative {
   \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
-  dod dob dosd \dwn dob dobsb dodsd do do
+  dod' dob dosd \dwn dob dobsb dodsd do do
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -411,13 +411,13 @@ nawa は以下のように示すことができます:
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \include "arabic.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative re' {
+  \relative {
     \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
     \key re \bayati
     \time 10/8
 
-    re4 re'8 re16 [misb re do] sisb [la sisb do] re4 r8
+    re'4 re'8 re16 [misb re do] sisb [la sisb do] re4 r8
     re16 [misb do re] sisb [do] la [sisb sol8] la [sisb] do [re] misb
     fa4 fa16 [misb] misb8. [re16] re8 [misb] re  [do] sisb
     do4 sisb8 misb16 [re do sisb] la [do sisb la] la4 r8
diff --git a/Documentation/learning/common-notation.itely b/Documentation/learning/common-notation.itely
index d317c82147..071a6ad016 100644
--- a/Documentation/learning/common-notation.itely
+++ b/Documentation/learning/common-notation.itely
@@ -1178,11 +1178,11 @@ far about aligning lyrics to notes.
 @c but the example is long enough to avoid looking strange.
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,noragged-right]
 <<
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key g \major
     \time 3/4
     \partial 4
-    d4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
+    d'4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
     d4 d e | c2
   }
   \addlyrics {
@@ -1234,20 +1234,20 @@ example from Handel's @notation{Judas Maccabæus}:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    c8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
+    c''8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let flee -- cy flocks the hills a -- dorn, __
   }
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    r8 | r4. r4 c8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
+    r8 | r4. r4 c'8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let flee -- cy flocks the hills a -- dorn,
@@ -1516,8 +1516,8 @@ music inside @code{\fixed c @{ @dots{} @}} and the absolute pitches
 will not be part of the relative music:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c' {
-  c4 \fixed c { f'' g'' } c |
+\relative {
+  c'4 \fixed c { f'' g'' } c |
   c4 \fixed c'' { f g } c
 }
 @end lilypond
diff --git a/Documentation/learning/fundamental.itely b/Documentation/learning/fundamental.itely
index fb58d1f871..03aaaff03f 100644
--- a/Documentation/learning/fundamental.itely
+++ b/Documentation/learning/fundamental.itely
@@ -841,12 +841,12 @@ not understand.
 @c The following should appear as music without code
 @c The three voice styles should be defined in -init
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\new Staff \relative c'' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \key aes \major
   <<
     {  % Voice one
       \voiceOneStyle
-      c2 aes4. bes8
+      c''2 aes4. bes8
     }
   \\  % Voice two
     { \voiceTwoStyle
@@ -1009,18 +1009,18 @@ markup, ties, slurs, and dynamics:
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceOne
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
@@ -1038,10 +1038,10 @@ notes demonstrate that the main melody is now in a single voice context,
 permitting a phrasing slur to be drawn over them.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \voiceOneStyle
   % This section is homophonic
-  c16^( d e f
+  c'16^( d e f
   % Start simultaneous section of three voices
   <<
     % Continue the main voice in parallel
@@ -1102,11 +1102,11 @@ spacing notes to step over sections where the voice is silent,
 as here:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' <<
+\new Staff \relative <<
   % Initiate first voice
   \new Voice {
     \voiceOne
-    c16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e) |
+    c'16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e) |
   }
   % Initiate second voice
   \new Voice {
@@ -1203,10 +1203,10 @@ name assigned to the Voice.
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 <<
   \new Voice = "one" {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \autoBeamOff
       \time 2/4
-      c4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
+      c''4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
     }
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" {
@@ -1725,13 +1725,13 @@ because we omitted the context name.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 <<
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Soprano"
-    c2 c
+    c''2 c
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set instrumentName = #"Alto"  % Wrong!
-    d2 d
+    d'2 d
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1773,9 +1773,9 @@ So this turns off extra naturals in one staff:
   \new Staff \relative {
     aeses'2 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
-    aeses2 aes
+    aeses'2 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1788,9 +1788,9 @@ and this turns them off in all staves:
   \new Staff \relative {
     aeses'2 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Score.extraNatural = ##f
-    aeses2 aes
+    aeses'2 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -2022,15 +2022,15 @@ range from that voice only:
   \new Voice \with {
     \consists "Ambitus_engraver"
   } {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2047,15 +2047,15 @@ the notes in all the voices on that staff:
 }
 <<
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2374,18 +2374,18 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
 
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2 |
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2 |
 }
 
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2 |
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2 |
 }
@@ -2609,17 +2609,17 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
   r4 d'2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2 |
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2 |
 }
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2 |
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2 |
 }
@@ -3023,9 +3023,9 @@ fthenp =_\markup {
   \dynamic f \italic \small { 2nd } \hspace #0.1 \dynamic p
 }
 
-violin = \relative c'' {
+violin = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    c4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b |
+    c''4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b |
     \centreText
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e f g d |
     c4.\fthenp b8 c4 c-. |
@@ -3047,9 +3047,9 @@ variables.  It's a lot harder to read, especially
 the last line.
 
 @example
-violin = \relative c'' @{
+violin = \relative @{
   \repeat volta 2 @{
-    c4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b |
+    c''4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b |
     \once \override TextScript.self-alignment-X = #CENTER
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e f g d |
     c4._\markup @{
diff --git a/Documentation/learning/tutorial.itely b/Documentation/learning/tutorial.itely
index 603b114dbe..850dc5b616 100644
--- a/Documentation/learning/tutorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/learning/tutorial.itely
@@ -405,10 +405,10 @@ The @notation{tempo indication} and @notation{metronome mark} can be
 set with the @code{\tempo} command:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante"
-  a4 a a
+  a'4 a a
   \time 6/8
   \tempo 4. = 96
   a4. a
@@ -455,11 +455,11 @@ The @notation{clef} can be set using the @code{\clef} command:
 Here is a small example showing all these elements together:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c, {
+\relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante" 4 = 120
-  c2 e8 c'
+  c,2 e8 c'
   g'2.
   f4 e d
   c4 c, r
diff --git a/Documentation/learning/tweaks.itely b/Documentation/learning/tweaks.itely
index 4300425df8..5d0f8fd287 100644
--- a/Documentation/learning/tweaks.itely
+++ b/Documentation/learning/tweaks.itely
@@ -3949,10 +3949,10 @@ We show here the effect of the two methods:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Visible tempo marking
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \hide Score.MetronomeMark
     % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -3971,10 +3971,10 @@ We show here the effect of the two methods:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Visible tempo marking
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \omit Score.MetronomeMark
     % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -4120,9 +4120,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
    #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4163,9 +4163,9 @@ Now let's modify our music (let's save this file as @file{music.ly}).
 @example
 \include "definitions.ily"
 
-\relative c'' @{
+\relative @{
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4185,9 +4185,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
    #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4264,9 +4264,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4339,9 +4339,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4556,7 +4556,7 @@ the staff.
        ((0) (x11-color 'violet ))  ; for B
        )))
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   % Arrange to obtain color from color-notehead procedure
   \override NoteHead.color = #color-notehead
   a2 b | c2 d | e2 f | g2 a |
diff --git a/Documentation/ly-examples/aucun-snippet.ly b/Documentation/ly-examples/aucun-snippet.ly
index 4f18456a31..5dbdcb71a1 100644
--- a/Documentation/ly-examples/aucun-snippet.ly
+++ b/Documentation/ly-examples/aucun-snippet.ly
@@ -178,13 +178,13 @@ triplumWords = \lyricmode {
 	si que m'ès -- tuet fai -- re _ chan -- _ _ çon
 }
 
-triplumNotes = \relative c' {
+triplumNotes = \relative {
   \clef "treble_8"
 	%\set Staff.midiInstrument = "flute"
 %	\global
 	\override StemTremolo.beam-thickness = #.125
 	\override StemTremolo.slope = #1.0
-  f8 f4 e8 d c f f f | % 1
+  f'8 f4 e8 d c f f f | % 1
 	% the \scaleDurations command below makes 5 notes last the
 	% duration of a dotted quarter
 	e8 c4 \scaleDurations 3/2 {	\tuplet 5/4{e16[ d e d e]} } e8 f4 | % 2
diff --git a/Documentation/ly-examples/bach-bwv610.ly b/Documentation/ly-examples/bach-bwv610.ly
index c50f6ab342..80bdcc890a 100644
--- a/Documentation/ly-examples/bach-bwv610.ly
+++ b/Documentation/ly-examples/bach-bwv610.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.2"
+\version "2.19.21"
 %\include "example-header.ily"
 
 
@@ -119,10 +119,10 @@ alt = {
 }
 
 tenor = {
-   \new Voice \relative c' {
+   \new Voice \relative {
       \global
       \repeat volta 2 {
-         c16 h c8~ 16 h c g a8 g~ 16 g as es
+         c'16 h c8~ 16 h c g a8 g~ 16 g as es
          f16 es f d g as g f es d \tieDown es8~ 16 \tieNeutral f es d
          c16 h c g' c h c c, f8. g16 as!4~
          16 g as b c h c8 d8. c16 h c d h
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ left = {
 pedal = {
    \global
    \clef "bass"
-   \relative c {
+   \relative {
       \repeat volta 2 {
          r8 c16 d es d es8~ 16 a, h g c h c8
          r16 g as f g f g8 c,2
diff --git a/Documentation/ly-examples/bach-schenker.ly b/Documentation/ly-examples/bach-schenker.ly
index 82d2f6d858..06f64306d8 100644
--- a/Documentation/ly-examples/bach-schenker.ly
+++ b/Documentation/ly-examples/bach-schenker.ly
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 I = \once \override NoteColumn.ignore-collision = ##t
 
-\version "2.17.30"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 staffPiano = \new PianoStaff {
   \set Score.timing = ##f
@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@ staffPiano = \new PianoStaff {
     \new Staff = "RH" { % Right hand
       \clef treble
       \key g \major
-      \relative c'' {
+      \relative {
 	\override Staff.NoteCollision.merge-differently-headed = ##t
 	<<
 	  {
 	    \override Beam.positions = #'(8 . 8)
 	    \hide NoteHead
 	    \override NoteHead.duration-log = #1
-	    s1 b8[^\markup {
+	    s1 b'8[^\markup {
 	      \override #'(baseline-skip . 0.5)
               % Add color to markup in top staff
               \column { \with-color #red \small { ^ 3 } }
diff --git a/Documentation/ly-examples/chart.ly b/Documentation/ly-examples/chart.ly
index bcf8fd7d2d..f815744705 100644
--- a/Documentation/ly-examples/chart.ly
+++ b/Documentation/ly-examples/chart.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \include "example-header.ily"
 
 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ global = {
   \numericTimeSignature
 }
 
-melody = \relative c' {
+melody = \relative {
   \global
-  d4
+  d'4
   g4 b8( a) g4 fis
   e e e e
   a c8( b) a4 g
diff --git a/Documentation/ly-examples/granados.ly b/Documentation/ly-examples/granados.ly
index 1579ac27bf..371c63a022 100644
--- a/Documentation/ly-examples/granados.ly
+++ b/Documentation/ly-examples/granados.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.30"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \include "example-header.ily"
 
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ global = {
   \override NoteColumn.ignore-collision = ##t
 }
 
-upperVoiceOne = \relative c'' {
+upperVoiceOne = \relative {
   \voiceOne
   \hide TupletBracket
-  <aes f'>8\([ \tuplet 5/4{g'32( aes g f g]) }
+  <aes' f'>8\([ \tuplet 5/4{g'32( aes g f g]) }
     <es aes>8[ \tuplet 5/4{<d bes'>32( c' bes aes bes]) }
     <es, aes es'>8 <d fis b d>\) | % end m. 1
   %--------------------------------------------------%
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ upperVoiceOne = \relative c'' {
   \ottava #1 <es es'>16 <f f'> <d d'> \appoggiatura f8 <es es'>16\)
 }
 
-upperVoiceTwo = \relative c'' {
+upperVoiceTwo = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  s8 c8\< <bes, f'>[ <bes aes'> c' <bes, d fis>\!]
+  s8 c''8\< <bes, f'>[ <bes aes'> c' <bes, d fis>\!]
   s32 s32_\appassmolto s8. \voiceOne r8 <bes'' es bes'>-> s4
   \override Stem.cross-staff = ##t
   \override Stem.length = #28
@@ -61,11 +61,11 @@ upperVoiceTwo = \relative c'' {
   s8 \voiceTwo g,8 aes4 s4
 }
 
-middleVoiceOne = \relative c' {
+middleVoiceOne = \relative {
   \override Stem.cross-staff = ##t
   \override Stem.length = #32
   \override Flag.style = #'no-flag
-  d!8\noBeam s8 s8 s8_\crmolto s4  % 1
+  d'!8\noBeam s8 s8 s8_\crmolto s4  % 1
   s4 <g bes\arpeggio>8[ <es' g>] \voiceOne e,8( dis16 e) | % 2
   \revert Stem.length
   \revert Stem.cross-staff
@@ -74,19 +74,19 @@ middleVoiceOne = \relative c' {
   %s2.  % beginning m. 3
 }
 
-middleVoiceTwo = \relative c' {
+middleVoiceTwo = \relative {
   s2. | % 1
   \override Stem.cross-staff = ##t
   \override Stem.length = #24
   \override Flag.style = #'no-flag
-  s2 \voiceTwo e!4 | % 2
+  s2 \voiceTwo e'!4 | % 2
   s4 \voiceTwo <bes c es f>8 <f' aes es'>16 d' <bes, f' aes c>8 <bes' fis'> | % 3
 }
 
-lowerVoiceOne = \relative c, {
+lowerVoiceOne = \relative {
   \override Staff.NoteCollision.merge-differently-headed = ##t
   \override Staff.NoteCollision.merge-differently-dotted = ##t
-  bes8 \csm \stemDown <bes'' c es>8 s2
+  bes,,8 \csm \stemDown <bes'' c es>8 s2
   \csl \stemUp
   \set subdivideBeams = ##t
   \set baseMoment = #(ly:make-moment 1/16)
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ lowerVoiceOne = \relative c, {
   bes,,8 \csm \stemDown <bes'' c es>8 s2
 }
 
-lowerVoiceTwo = \relative c, {
+lowerVoiceTwo = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  bes2.
+  bes,,2.
   \csh
   \once \override Beam.damping = #+inf.0
   <bes'' es g>8 \csl \slurUp
diff --git a/Documentation/ly-examples/tab-example.ly b/Documentation/ly-examples/tab-example.ly
index 8abc60d4ef..1d954efbc6 100644
--- a/Documentation/ly-examples/tab-example.ly
+++ b/Documentation/ly-examples/tab-example.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.16"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 #(define (glissando::calc-extra-dy grob)
    (let* ((original (ly:grob-original grob))
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ upper= \relative c' {
   < gis\4 d'\3 fis\2 >2 < b'\2\harmonic e\harmonic >2\fermata
 }
 
-lower= \relative c {
+lower= \relative {
   \set fingeringOrientations = #'(left)
 
   \partial 4. s4.
diff --git a/Documentation/ly-examples/theory.ly b/Documentation/ly-examples/theory.ly
index 5dbe0da654..bbf76e3f0a 100644
--- a/Documentation/ly-examples/theory.ly
+++ b/Documentation/ly-examples/theory.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \include "example-header.ily"
 
 #(ly:set-option 'point-and-click #f)
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ global = {
     \key c \major
 }
 
-cf = \relative c {
+cf = \relative {
   \clef bass
   \global
   c4 c' b a |
diff --git a/Documentation/nl/learning/common-notation.itely b/Documentation/nl/learning/common-notation.itely
index 0920e36af5..23be70165d 100644
--- a/Documentation/nl/learning/common-notation.itely
+++ b/Documentation/nl/learning/common-notation.itely
@@ -1185,11 +1185,11 @@ noten.  notes.
 @c but the example is long enough to avoid looking strange.
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,noragged-right]
 <<
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key g \major
     \time 3/4
     \partial 4
-    d4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
+    d'4 | g4 g a8( b) | g4 g b8( c) |
     d4 d e | c2
   }
   \addlyrics {
@@ -1245,20 +1245,20 @@ notenbalk.  Hier is een voorbeeld uit Handels
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    c8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
+    c''8 | c8([ bes]) a a([ g]) f | f'4. b, | c4.~ 4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let | flee -- cy flocks the | hills a -- | dorn, __
   }
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key f \major
     \time 6/8
     \partial 8
-    r8 | r4. r4 c8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
+    r8 | r4. r4 c'8 | a'8([ g]) f f([ e]) d | e8([ d]) c bes'4
   }
   \addlyrics {
     Let | flee -- cy flocks the | hills a -- dorn,
diff --git a/Documentation/nl/learning/fundamental.itely b/Documentation/nl/learning/fundamental.itely
index d6bc8d04cd..a7058f5b39 100644
--- a/Documentation/nl/learning/fundamental.itely
+++ b/Documentation/nl/learning/fundamental.itely
@@ -867,12 +867,12 @@ not understand.
 @c The following should appear as music without code
 @c The three voice styles should be defined in -init
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\new Staff \relative c'' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \key aes \major
   <<
     {  % Voice one
       \voiceOneStyle
-      c2 aes4. bes8
+      c''2 aes4. bes8
     }
   \\  % Voice two
     { \voiceTwoStyle
@@ -1035,18 +1035,18 @@ markup, ties, slurs, and dynamics:
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceOne
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \voiceTwo
-  c4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
+  c'4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
   \oneVoice
   c,4 d8~ 8 e4( f | g4 a) b-> c |
 }
@@ -1064,10 +1064,10 @@ notes demonstrate that the main melody is now in a single voice context,
 permitting a phrasing slur to be drawn over them.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \voiceOneStyle
   % This section is homophonic
-  c16^( d e f
+  c'16^( d e f
   % Start simultaneous section of three voices
   <<
     % Continue the main voice in parallel
@@ -1128,11 +1128,11 @@ spacing notes to step over sections where the voice is silent,
 as here:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' <<
+\new Staff \relative <<
   % Initiate first voice
   \new Voice {
     \voiceOne
-    c16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e) |
+    c'16^( d e f g4 f e | d2 e) |
   }
   % Initiate second voice
   \new Voice {
@@ -1224,10 +1224,10 @@ name assigned to the Voice.
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 <<
   \new Voice = "one" {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \autoBeamOff
       \time 2/4
-      c4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
+      c''4 b8. a16 | g4. f8 | e4 d | c2 |
     }
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" {
@@ -1746,13 +1746,13 @@ because we omitted the context name.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 <<
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Soprano"
-    c2 c
+    c''2 c
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set instrumentName = #"Alto"  % Wrong!
-    d2 d
+    d'2 d
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1794,9 +1794,9 @@ So this turns off extra naturals in one staff:
   \new Staff \relative {
     aeses'2 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
-    aeses2 aes
+    aeses'2 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -1809,9 +1809,9 @@ and this turns them off in all staves:
   \new Staff \relative {
     aeses'2 aes
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Score.extraNatural = ##f
-    aeses2 aes
+    aeses'2 aes
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -2043,15 +2043,15 @@ range from that voice only:
   \new Voice \with {
     \consists "Ambitus_engraver"
   } {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2068,15 +2068,15 @@ the notes in all the voices on that staff:
 }
 <<
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 a b g
+      c''4 a b g
     }
   }
   \new Voice {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-      c4 e d f
+      c'4 e d f
     }
   }
 >>
@@ -2395,18 +2395,18 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
 
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2 |
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2 |
 }
 
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2 |
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2 |
 }
@@ -2622,17 +2622,17 @@ bassMusic = \relative {
   r4 d'2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
 }
 bassWords = \sopranoWords
-upper = \relative a' {
+upper = \relative {
   \clef "treble"
   \global
-  r4 <a d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
+  r4 <a' d fis>2 <a e' a>4 |
   <d fis d'>4. <d fis d'>8 <a d a'>2 |
   <g cis g'>4 <a d fis> <a cis e>2 |
 }
-lower = \relative c, {
+lower = \relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \global
-  <d d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
+  <d, d'>4 <d d'>2 <cis cis'>4 |
   <b b'>4. <b' b'>8 <fis fis'>2 |
   <e e'>4 <d d'> <a' a'>2 |
 }
@@ -3036,9 +3036,9 @@ fthenp =_\markup {
   \dynamic f \italic \small { 2nd } \hspace #0.1 \dynamic p
 }
 
-violin = \relative c'' {
+violin = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    c4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b |
+    c''4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b |
     \padText
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d |
     c,4.\fthenp b8 c4 c-. |
@@ -3061,9 +3061,9 @@ variables.  It's a lot harder to read, especially
 the last line.
 
 @example
-violin = \relative c'' @{
+violin = \relative @{
   \repeat volta 2 @{
-    c4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b |
+    c''4._\markup @{ \italic \bold dolce @} b8 a8 g a b |
     \once \override TextScript.padding = #5.0
     c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d |
     c,4.\markup @{
@@ -3194,7 +3194,7 @@ This command sets the property @code{skipBars} in the
 this option to the music above, leads to the following result
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\transpose f c' \relative c {
+\transpose f c' \relative {
   \time 2/4
   \set Score.skipBars = ##t
   R2*3 |
diff --git a/Documentation/nl/learning/tutorial.itely b/Documentation/nl/learning/tutorial.itely
index 7d32cfdd03..0e3991a182 100644
--- a/Documentation/nl/learning/tutorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/nl/learning/tutorial.itely
@@ -416,10 +416,10 @@ De @notation{tempo indication} en @notation{metronome mark} worden
 gezet met het @code{\tempo}-commando:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante"
-  a4 a a
+  a'4 a a
   \time 6/8
   \tempo 4. = 96
   a4. a
@@ -467,12 +467,12 @@ Hier is een klein voorbeeld dat al deze onderdelen samen
 toont:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c, {
+\relative {
   \clef "bass"
   \time 3/4
   \tempo "Andante" 4 = 120
   \clef "bass"
-  c2 e8 c'
+  c,2 e8 c'
   g'2.
   f4 e d
   c4 c, r
diff --git a/Documentation/nl/learning/tweaks.itely b/Documentation/nl/learning/tweaks.itely
index 014c1c8921..a97b9cde42 100644
--- a/Documentation/nl/learning/tweaks.itely
+++ b/Documentation/nl/learning/tweaks.itely
@@ -3680,10 +3680,10 @@ We show here the effect of the two methods:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Visible tempo marking
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \hide Score.MetronomeMark
     % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -3702,10 +3702,10 @@ We show here the effect of the two methods:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Visible tempo marking
     \tempo 4=120
-    a4 a a
+    a'4 a a
     \once \omit Score.MetronomeMark
     % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
     \tempo 4=80
@@ -3853,9 +3853,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
    #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -3899,9 +3899,9 @@ Now let's modify our music (let's save this file as @file{music.ly}).
 @example
 \include "definitions.ily"
 
-\relative c'' @{
+\relative @{
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -3924,9 +3924,9 @@ inst =
      (string?)
    #{ <>^\markup \bold \box #string #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4009,9 +4009,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4090,9 +4090,9 @@ inst =
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=50
-  a4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
+  a'4.\mpdolce d8 cis4--\glissando a |
   b4 bes a2 |
   \inst "Clarinet"
   cis4.\< d8 e4 fis |
@@ -4307,7 +4307,7 @@ the staff.
        ((0) (x11-color 'violet ))  ; for B
        )))
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   % Arrange to obtain color from color-notehead procedure
   \override NoteHead.color = #color-notehead
   a2 b | c2 d | e2 f | g2 a |
diff --git a/Documentation/notation/ancient.itely b/Documentation/notation/ancient.itely
index 1ab6d47867..1e7f61d6b2 100644
--- a/Documentation/notation/ancient.itely
+++ b/Documentation/notation/ancient.itely
@@ -220,8 +220,8 @@ specific for this particular type of ligature.  By default, the
 above the ligature.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c'' {
-  \[ g c, a' f d' \]
+\relative {
+  \[ g' c, a' f d' \]
   a g f
   \[ e f a g \]
 }
@@ -375,9 +375,9 @@ entering the chant, as the following excerpt demonstrates:
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 \score {
   <<
-    \new MensuralVoice = "discantus" \relative c'' {
+    \new MensuralVoice = "discantus" \relative {
       \hide Score.BarNumber {
-        c1\melisma bes a g\melismaEnd
+        c''1\melisma bes a g\melismaEnd
         f\breve
         \[ f1\melisma a c\breve d\melismaEnd \]
         c\longa
@@ -876,10 +876,10 @@ defined as a convenient shorthand:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 ficta = { \once \set suggestAccidentals = ##t }
-\score { \relative c''
+\score { \relative
   \new MensuralVoice  {
     \once \set suggestAccidentals = ##t
-    bes4 a2 g2 \ficta fis8 \ficta e! fis2 g1
+    bes'4 a2 g2 \ficta fis8 \ficta e! fis2 g1
   }
 }
 @end lilypond
@@ -932,13 +932,13 @@ For example,
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 \score {
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \set Score.timing = ##f
     \set Score.defaultBarType = "-"
     \override NoteHead.style = #'petrucci
     \override Staff.TimeSignature.style = #'mensural
     \clef "petrucci-g"
-    \[ c'\maxima g \]
+    \[ c''\maxima g \]
     \[ d'\longa
        \override NoteHead.ligature-flexa = ##t
        \once \override NoteHead.flexa-width = #3.2
@@ -960,13 +960,13 @@ Without replacing @code{Ligature_bracket_engraver} with
 @code{Mensural_ligature_engraver}, the same music looks as follows:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \set Score.timing = ##f
   \set Score.defaultBarType = "-"
   \override NoteHead.style = #'petrucci
   \override Staff.TimeSignature.style = #'mensural
   \clef "petrucci-g"
-  \[ c'\maxima g \]
+  \[ c''\maxima g \]
   \[ d'\longa
      \override NoteHead.ligature-flexa = ##t
      \once \override NoteHead.flexa-width = #3.2
@@ -1612,9 +1612,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum
-    \[ b \]
+    \[ b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1626,9 +1626,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum
-    \[ \cavum b \]
+    \[ \cavum b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1640,9 +1640,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum
-    \[ \linea b \]
+    \[ \linea b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1655,9 +1655,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum Auctum Ascendens
-    \[ \auctum \ascendens b \]
+    \[ \auctum \ascendens b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1670,9 +1670,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum Auctum Descendens
-    \[ \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ \auctum \descendens b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1685,9 +1685,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum Inclinatum
-    \[ \inclinatum b \]
+    \[ \inclinatum b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1700,9 +1700,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.5\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum Inclinatum Auctum
-    \[ \inclinatum \auctum b \]
+    \[ \inclinatum \auctum b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1715,9 +1715,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Punctum Inclinatum Parvum
-    \[ \inclinatum \deminutum b \]
+    \[ \inclinatum \deminutum b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1730,9 +1730,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Virga
-    \[ \virga b \]
+    \[ \virga b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1751,9 +1751,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Clivis vel Flexa
-    \[ b \flexa g \]
+    \[ b' \flexa g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1767,9 +1767,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Clivis Aucta Descendens
-    \[ b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
+    \[ b' \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1782,9 +1782,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Clivis Aucta Ascendens
-    \[ b \flexa \auctum \ascendens g \]
+    \[ b' \flexa \auctum \ascendens g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1797,9 +1797,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Cephalicus
-    \[ b \flexa \deminutum g \]
+    \[ b' \flexa \deminutum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1812,9 +1812,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Podatus vel Pes
-    \[ g \pes b \]
+    \[ g' \pes b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1827,9 +1827,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Auctus Descendens
-    \[ g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ g' \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1842,9 +1842,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Auctus Ascendens
-    \[ g \pes \auctum \ascendens b \]
+    \[ g' \pes \auctum \ascendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1857,9 +1857,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Epiphonus
-    \[ g \pes \deminutum b \]
+    \[ g' \pes \deminutum b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1872,9 +1872,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Initio Debilis
-    \[ \deminutum g \pes b \]
+    \[ \deminutum g' \pes b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1887,9 +1887,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Auctus Descendens Initio Debilis
-    \[ \deminutum g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ \deminutum g' \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1909,9 +1909,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus
-    \[ a \pes b \flexa g \]
+    \[ a' \pes b \flexa g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1924,9 +1924,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus Auctus Descendens
-    \[ a \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
+    \[ a' \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1939,9 +1939,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus Deminutus
-    \[ a \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
+    \[ a' \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1954,9 +1954,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus Initio Debilis
-    \[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa g \]
+    \[ \deminutum a' \pes b \flexa g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1969,9 +1969,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus Auctus Descendens Initio Debilis
-    \[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
+    \[ \deminutum a' \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1984,9 +1984,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Torculus Deminutus Initio Debilis
-    \[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
+    \[ \deminutum a' \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -1999,9 +1999,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Porrectus
-    \[ a \flexa g \pes b \]
+    \[ a' \flexa g \pes b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2014,9 +2014,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Porrectus Auctus Descendens
-    \[ a \flexa g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ a' \flexa g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2029,9 +2029,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Porrectus Deminutus
-    \[ a \flexa g \pes \deminutum b \]
+    \[ a' \flexa g \pes \deminutum b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2044,9 +2044,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Climacus
-    \[ \virga b \inclinatum a \inclinatum g \]
+    \[ \virga b' \inclinatum a \inclinatum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2059,9 +2059,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Climacus Auctus
-    \[ \virga b \inclinatum a \inclinatum \auctum g \]
+    \[ \virga b' \inclinatum a \inclinatum \auctum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2074,9 +2074,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Climacus Deminutus
-    \[ \virga b \inclinatum a \inclinatum \deminutum g \]
+    \[ \virga b' \inclinatum a \inclinatum \deminutum g \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2089,9 +2089,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Scandicus
-    \[ g \pes a \virga b \]
+    \[ g' \pes a \virga b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2104,9 +2104,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Scandicus Auctus Descendens
-    \[ g \pes a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ g' \pes a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2119,9 +2119,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Scandicus Deminutus
-    \[ g \pes a \pes \deminutum b \]
+    \[ g' \pes a \pes \deminutum b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2141,9 +2141,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Quilisma
-    \[ g \pes \quilisma a \pes b \]
+    \[ g' \pes \quilisma a \pes b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2156,9 +2156,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Quilisma Pes Auctus Descendens
-    \[ g \quilisma a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ g' \quilisma a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2171,9 +2171,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Oriscus
-    \[ \oriscus b \]
+    \[ \oriscus b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2186,9 +2186,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Quassus
-    \[ \oriscus g \pes \virga b \]
+    \[ \oriscus g' \pes \virga b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2201,9 +2201,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Pes Quassus Auctus Descendens
-    \[ \oriscus g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ \oriscus g' \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2216,9 +2216,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Salicus
-    \[ g \oriscus a \pes \virga b \]
+    \[ g' \oriscus a \pes \virga b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2231,9 +2231,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Salicus Auctus Descendens
-    \[ g \oriscus a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+    \[ g' \oriscus a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2246,9 +2246,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Stropha
-    \[ \stropha b \]
+    \[ \stropha b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2261,9 +2261,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Stropha Aucta
-    \[ \stropha \auctum b \]
+    \[ \stropha \auctum b' \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2276,9 +2276,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Bistropha
-    \[ \stropha b \stropha b \]
+    \[ \stropha b' \stropha b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2291,9 +2291,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Tristropha
-    \[ \stropha b \stropha b \stropha b \]
+    \[ \stropha b' \stropha b \stropha b \]
   }
 \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
 @end lilypond
@@ -2306,9 +2306,9 @@ code}
 @lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     % Trigonus
-    \[ \stropha b \stropha b \stropha a \]
+    \[ \stropha b' \stropha b \stropha a \]
   }
   \layout { \neumeDemoLayout }
 }
@@ -2783,11 +2783,11 @@ when needed with the corresponding @code{\undo \hide Stem}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right]
 \include "gregorian.ly"
-chant = \relative c' {
+chant = \relative {
   \clef "G_8"
   \set Score.timing = ##f
   \hide Stem
-  c\breve \hide NoteHead  c c c c c
+  c'\breve \hide NoteHead  c c c c c
   \undo \hide NoteHead
   \undo \hide Stem \stemUp c4 b4 a
   \hide Stem c2 c4  \divisioMaior
@@ -2836,10 +2836,10 @@ adjustments are necessary, this can be easily done with
 @code{s} @q{notes}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-spiritus = \relative c' {
+spiritus = \relative {
   \time 1/4
   \override Lyrics.LyricText.X-extent  = #'(0 . 3)
-  d4 \tuplet 3/2 { f8 a g } g a a4 g f8 e
+  d'4 \tuplet 3/2 { f8 a g } g a a4 g f8 e
   d4 f8 g g8 d f g a g f4 g8 a a4  s
   \tuplet 3/2 { g8 f d } e f g a g4
 }
diff --git a/Documentation/notation/changing-defaults.itely b/Documentation/notation/changing-defaults.itely
index ffc80342ab..08c3fba366 100644
--- a/Documentation/notation/changing-defaults.itely
+++ b/Documentation/notation/changing-defaults.itely
@@ -4734,9 +4734,9 @@ tempoPadded =
      \tempo \markup { \bold #tempotext }
    #})
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo \markup { "Low tempo" }
-  c4 d e f g1
+  c''4 d e f g1
   \tempoPadded #4.0 "High tempo"
   g4 f e d c1
 }
diff --git a/Documentation/notation/editorial.itely b/Documentation/notation/editorial.itely
index 4b2602b02d..01425135c1 100644
--- a/Documentation/notation/editorial.itely
+++ b/Documentation/notation/editorial.itely
@@ -786,11 +786,11 @@ lines.
 
 \score {
   \new ChoirStaff <<
-    \new Staff \relative c'' {
+    \new Staff \relative {
       \stemUp
-      c4. d8 e8 f g4
+      c''4. d8 e8 f g4
     }
-    \new Staff \relative c {
+    \new Staff \relative {
       \clef bass
       \stemDown
       c4 g' f e
diff --git a/Documentation/notation/fretted-strings.itely b/Documentation/notation/fretted-strings.itely
index e3882f912d..e1ccd070a6 100644
--- a/Documentation/notation/fretted-strings.itely
+++ b/Documentation/notation/fretted-strings.itely
@@ -313,9 +313,9 @@ Ties over a line break are parenthesized by default.  The same holds for
 the second alternative of a repeat.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-ties = \relative c' {
+ties = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    e2. f4~
+    e'2. f4~
     2 g2~
   }
   \alternative {
@@ -353,9 +353,9 @@ The command @code{\hideSplitTiedTabNotes} cancels the behavior of
 engraving fret numbers in parentheses:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-ties = \relative c' {
+ties = \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    e2. f4~
+    e'2. f4~
     2 g2~ }
   \alternative {
     { g4 f2. }
@@ -1740,10 +1740,10 @@ harmonics.  Harmonics are normally further explained with a
 text markup.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \clef "treble_8"
   \override Staff.NoteHead.style = #'harmonic-mixed
-  d^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
+  d'^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
 }
 @end lilypond
 
diff --git a/Documentation/notation/input.itely b/Documentation/notation/input.itely
index aef1360068..14a4202f39 100644
--- a/Documentation/notation/input.itely
+++ b/Documentation/notation/input.itely
@@ -643,10 +643,10 @@ suitable, as here:
 }
 
 \score {
-  \new Staff \relative g, {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \clef bass
     \key g \major
-    \repeat unfold 2 { g16( d' b') a b d, b' d, } |
+    \repeat unfold 2 { g,16( d' b') a b d, b' d, } |
     \repeat unfold 2 { g,16( e' c') b c e, c' e, } |
   }
   \header {
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ suitable, as here:
 }
 
 \score {
-  \new Staff \relative b {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \clef bass
     \key g \major
     \partial 16 b16 |
diff --git a/Documentation/notation/rhythms.itely b/Documentation/notation/rhythms.itely
index 973bbb9456..9418c122aa 100644
--- a/Documentation/notation/rhythms.itely
+++ b/Documentation/notation/rhythms.itely
@@ -1091,9 +1091,9 @@ argument:
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \score {
   \new Staff {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \time #'(2 2 3) 7/8
-      \repeat unfold 7 { c8 } |
+      \repeat unfold 7 { c'8 } |
       \time #'(3 2 2) 7/8
       \repeat unfold 7 { c8 } |
     }
@@ -1156,8 +1156,8 @@ to the original values:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \score{
-  \relative c' {
-    \repeat unfold 8 { c8 } |
+  \relative {
+    \repeat unfold 8 { c'8 } |
     \overrideTimeSignatureSettings
       4/4        % timeSignatureFraction
       1/4        % baseMomentFraction
@@ -1703,9 +1703,9 @@ indicates the bottom number of the time signature and those that come
 before it, the top numbers.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((2 2 2 8))
-  \repeat unfold 6 c8 \repeat unfold 12 c16
+  \repeat unfold 6 c'8 \repeat unfold 12 c16
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -1713,14 +1713,14 @@ More complex meters can be constructed using additional lists.  Also,
 automatic beaming settings will be adjusted depending on the values.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((1 4) (3 8))
-  \repeat unfold 5 c8 \repeat unfold 10 c16
+  \repeat unfold 5 c'8 \repeat unfold 10 c16
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \compoundMeter #'((1 2 3 8) (3 4))
-  \repeat unfold 12 c8
+  \repeat unfold 12 c'8
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -2141,10 +2141,10 @@ enclosing context will apply.
       }
     }
     \new Voice = two {
-      \relative c' {
+      \relative {
         \voiceTwo
         \set Voice.beatStructure = #'(1 3 3)
-        f8 f f f f f f
+        f'8 f f f f f f
       }
     }
   >>
@@ -3645,9 +3645,9 @@ advanced by 1/8 to 5/8, shortening that bar by 1/8.
 The next bar line then falls at 9/8 rather than 5/4.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\new Voice \relative c' {
+\new Voice \relative {
   \set Timing.measureLength = #(ly:make-moment 5/4)
-  c1 c4 |
+  c'1 c4 |
   c1 c4 |
   c4 c
   \set Timing.measurePosition = #(ly:make-moment 5/8)
diff --git a/Documentation/notation/simultaneous.itely b/Documentation/notation/simultaneous.itely
index 893f8222f4..3d5cb96b87 100644
--- a/Documentation/notation/simultaneous.itely
+++ b/Documentation/notation/simultaneous.itely
@@ -195,9 +195,9 @@ be called explicitly with an extra argument specifying a list of
 present on the @code{q} chord itself.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \chordRepeats #'(articulation-event)
-  { <a-. c\prall e>1\sfz c'4 q2 r8 q8-. } |
+  { <a'-. c\prall e>1\sfz c'4 q2 r8 q8-. } |
   q2 c, |
 }
 @end lilypond
diff --git a/Documentation/notation/staff.itely b/Documentation/notation/staff.itely
index dbb035a58e..2ad184bc1f 100644
--- a/Documentation/notation/staff.itely
+++ b/Documentation/notation/staff.itely
@@ -927,14 +927,14 @@ staff group may not be centered unless the @code{indent} and
 settings, see @ref{paper variables for shifts and indents,,@code{@bs{}paper} variables for shifts and indents}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   <<
     \new Staff \with {
       instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
       shortInstrumentName = #"Flt."
     }
     {
-      f2 g4 f \break
+      f''2 g4 f \break
       g4 f g2
     }
     \new Staff \with {
diff --git a/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely b/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely
index fe6f26e880..b0f14e5c1d 100644
--- a/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely
+++ b/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely
@@ -249,13 +249,13 @@ For more details, see @ref{Automatic syllable durations}.
 <<
   \new Staff <<
     \time 2/4
-    \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
+    \new Voice = "one" \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
+      c''4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
     }
-    \new Voice = "two" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "two" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-       s2 s4. f8 e4 d c2
+       s2 s4. f'8 e4 d c2
     }
   >>
 
@@ -477,13 +477,13 @@ Here is an example demonstrating its use:
 <<
   \new Staff <<
     \time 2/4
-    \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
+    \new Voice = "one" \relative {
       \voiceOne
-      c4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
+      c''4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
     }
-    \new Voice = "two" \relative c' {
+    \new Voice = "two" \relative {
       \voiceTwo
-       s2 s4. f8 e8 d4. c2
+       s2 s4. f'8 e8 d4. c2
     }
   >>
 % takes durations and alignment from notes in "one" initially
@@ -1417,8 +1417,8 @@ value, irrespective of the value of the following number.}
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b }
+        \relative {
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b }
           \alternative { { b b } { b c } }
           c4 c
         }
@@ -1464,9 +1464,9 @@ melismata over the volta section and insert manual skips.
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
+        \relative {
           \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
           \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
           \unset melismaBusyProperties
           c4 c
@@ -1501,8 +1501,8 @@ be inserted manually, as before.
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+        \relative {
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
           \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
           c4 c
         }
@@ -1534,8 +1534,8 @@ alternative sections these must be inserted manually.
     \new Staff {
       \time 2/4
       \new Voice = "melody" {
-        \relative c'' {
-          \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+        \relative {
+          \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
           \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
           c4 c
         }
@@ -1606,11 +1606,11 @@ attaching lyrics to those specific contexts:
 \score {
   <<
     \new Voice = "melody" {
-      \relative c' {
+      \relative {
         <<
           {
             \voiceOne
-            e4 e8 e
+            e'4 e8 e
           }
           \new Voice = "splitpart" {
             \voiceTwo
@@ -1866,9 +1866,9 @@ voice ignore the melisma.  This is done by setting
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    c4
+    c'4
     \slurDotted
     f8.[( g16])
     a4
@@ -1955,9 +1955,9 @@ within the lyrics by setting the @code{associatedVoice} property:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 <<
-  \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    c4
+    c'4
     <<
       \new Voice = "alternative" {
         \voiceOne
@@ -2798,8 +2798,8 @@ Here is an example illustrating how this might be done.
 @c manually adjusted to suit the imposed line length.  -td
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-music = \relative c'' {
-  \repeat unfold 3 { a4 a a a }
+music = \relative {
+  \repeat unfold 3 { a'4 a a a }
 }
 
 dialogue = \lyricmode {
diff --git a/Documentation/notation/world.itely b/Documentation/notation/world.itely
index f7efd116e3..379b83246c 100644
--- a/Documentation/notation/world.itely
+++ b/Documentation/notation/world.itely
@@ -209,9 +209,9 @@ signature cannot be altered by using this method.
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \include "arabic.ly"
-\relative do' {
+\relative {
   \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
-  dod dob dosd \dwn dob dobsb dodsd do do
+  dod' dob dosd \dwn dob dobsb dodsd do do
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -407,13 +407,13 @@ intervals and unusual modes that are discussed in this section.
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \include "arabic.ly"
 \score {
-  \relative re' {
+  \relative {
     \set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
     \key re \bayati
     \time 10/8
 
-    re4 re'8 re16 [misb re do] sisb [la sisb do] re4 r8
+    re'4 re'8 re16 [misb re do] sisb [la sisb do] re4 r8
     re16 [misb do re] sisb [do] la [sisb sol8] la [sisb] do [re] misb
     fa4 fa16 [misb] misb8. [re16] re8 [misb] re  [do] sisb
     do4 sisb8 misb16 [re do sisb] la [do sisb la] la4 r8
diff --git a/Documentation/snippets/new/making-an-object-invisible-with-the-transparent-property.ly b/Documentation/snippets/new/making-an-object-invisible-with-the-transparent-property.ly
index 2596aebc36..f230a6de80 100644
--- a/Documentation/snippets/new/making-an-object-invisible-with-the-transparent-property.ly
+++ b/Documentation/snippets/new/making-an-object-invisible-with-the-transparent-property.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.2"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   lsrtags = "rhythms, simultaneous-notes, tweaks-and-overrides"
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ in that voice, the tie appears to cross voices.
   doctitle = "Making an object invisible with the 'transparent property"
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \time 2/4
   <<
     {
       \once \hide Stem
       \once \override Stem.length = #8
-      b8 ~ 8\noBeam
+      b'8 ~ 8\noBeam
       \once \hide Stem
       \once \override Stem.length = #8
       g8 ~ 8\noBeam
diff --git a/Documentation/snippets/new/non-traditional-key-signatures.ly b/Documentation/snippets/new/non-traditional-key-signatures.ly
index 5559898bec..f89568fa74 100644
--- a/Documentation/snippets/new/non-traditional-key-signatures.ly
+++ b/Documentation/snippets/new/non-traditional-key-signatures.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.7"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   lsrtags = "contemporary-notation, pitches, really-cool, staff-notation, version-specific"
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ whole-tone scale:
 }
 
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \set Staff.keyAlterations = #`((6 . ,FLAT)
                                  (5 . ,FLAT)
                                  (3 . ,SHARP))
-  c4 d e fis
+  c'4 d e fis
   aes4 bes c2
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/accidental-ancient.ly b/input/regression/accidental-ancient.ly
index b242547058..2b24452541 100644
--- a/input/regression/accidental-ancient.ly
+++ b/input/regression/accidental-ancient.ly
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ are collected here.
 "
 }
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
       \time 3/4
       % FIXME: standard vs default, alteration-FOO vs FOO-alteration
       \override Staff.Accidental.glyph-name-alist = #standard-alteration-glyph-name-alist
-      cis^\markup { \typewriter default } c ces  
+      cis''^\markup { \typewriter default } c ces  
 
       \override Staff.Accidental.glyph-name-alist = #alteration-hufnagel-glyph-name-alist
       cis^\markup { \typewriter hufnagel } c ces  
diff --git a/input/regression/accidental-contemporary.ly b/input/regression/accidental-contemporary.ly
index eb05abcddb..536cce96f5 100644
--- a/input/regression/accidental-contemporary.ly
+++ b/input/regression/accidental-contemporary.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
 
 texidoc = "Several automatic accidental rules
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ Both scores should show the same accidentals.
 \layout { ragged-right = ##t }
 
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     \accidentalStyle dodecaphonic
-    gis4 a g gisis
+    gis'4 a g gisis
     \accidentalStyle neo-modern
     gis8 a gis gis g' gis gis,, a'
     \accidentalStyle neo-modern-cautionary
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ Both scores should show the same accidentals.
 }
 
 \score {
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     \set Staff.autoAccidentals = #'()
     \set Staff.autoCautionaries = #'()
-    gis!4 a! g! gisis!
+    gis'!4 a! g! gisis!
     gis!8 a gis! gis g'! gis! gis,,! a'
     eis! fis! eis? eis g?2
     \key e \major
diff --git a/input/regression/accidental-fingering-collision.ly b/input/regression/accidental-fingering-collision.ly
index ac7a07e9c0..9e2f98dedd 100644
--- a/input/regression/accidental-fingering-collision.ly
+++ b/input/regression/accidental-fingering-collision.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Horizontal @code{Fingering} grobs should not collide with
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ accidentals.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \time 2/4
   \set fingeringOrientations = #'(left)
   <a-3 cis-4> <a-3 cis!-4> |
diff --git a/input/regression/accidental-piano.ly b/input/regression/accidental-piano.ly
index c1c64c80cb..6a76811017 100644
--- a/input/regression/accidental-piano.ly
+++ b/input/regression/accidental-piano.ly
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ accidental."
 
 }
 
-\version "2.17.15"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \layout
 {
     ragged-right = ##t
 }
     
-\new PianoStaff \relative c' <<
+\new PianoStaff \relative <<
     \accidentalStyle piano
     \new Staff { ges'4 ges4 }
     \new Staff { r8 gis r8 gis }
diff --git a/input/regression/accidental-placement-padding.ly b/input/regression/accidental-placement-padding.ly
index 5cf5c665f8..3fdd648dca 100644
--- a/input/regression/accidental-placement-padding.ly
+++ b/input/regression/accidental-placement-padding.ly
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Accidental padding works for all accidentals, including
 those modifying the same pitch."
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override Staff.AccidentalPlacement.padding = #2
-  <ces cis>1
+  <ces' cis>1
   <ces des>1
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/accidental-suggestions.ly b/input/regression/accidental-suggestions.ly
index 6e0a867ffa..f3b5d46ec1 100644
--- a/input/regression/accidental-suggestions.ly
+++ b/input/regression/accidental-suggestions.ly
@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@ denoting Musica Ficta."
  
 }
 
-\version "2.17.25"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \paper {
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \time 2/4 
   \set suggestAccidentals = ##t 
-  cis^> gis'-!
+  cis''^> gis'-!
   \override AccidentalSuggestion.parenthesized = ##t
   cis,_"paren" gis'
 
diff --git a/input/regression/apply-output.ly b/input/regression/apply-output.ly
index 6e50ca5c44..496be95ea0 100644
--- a/input/regression/apply-output.ly
+++ b/input/regression/apply-output.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "The @code{\\applyOutput} expression is the most flexible way to
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ position.
                 ))))
         ))))
 
-\new Voice \relative c' {
+\new Voice \relative {
   \set autoBeaming = ##f
 
-  <d f g b>8
+  <d' f g b>8
 
   \applyOutput #'Voice #mc-squared
   <d f g b>8
diff --git a/input/regression/arpeggio-no-overshoot.ly b/input/regression/arpeggio-no-overshoot.ly
index 96ebc54854..e803a1b5d6 100644
--- a/input/regression/arpeggio-no-overshoot.ly
+++ b/input/regression/arpeggio-no-overshoot.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Arpeggios do not overshoot the highest note head.
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ The first chord in this example simulates overshoot using
 @code{'positions} for comparison with the correct behaviour."
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   % simulate overshoot for comparison
   \once \override Arpeggio.positions = #'(-3 . 1)
-  <c e g b>1\arpeggio
+  <c' e g b>1\arpeggio
   <c e g b>1\arpeggio
   <f a c>2\arpeggio <g b d f>\arpeggio
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/arpeggio-span-one-staff-collision.ly b/input/regression/arpeggio-span-one-staff-collision.ly
index d5ba546c56..dd4376c4d5 100644
--- a/input/regression/arpeggio-span-one-staff-collision.ly
+++ b/input/regression/arpeggio-span-one-staff-collision.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.26"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Span arpeggios that are not cross-staff do not have
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ horizontal spacing problems.
 {
   \consists "Span_arpeggio_engraver"
 }
-\relative c''
+\relative
 {
   \set Staff.connectArpeggios = ##t
   <<
-    {r2. <ges aes c ges'>4\arpeggio |}
+    {r2. <ges' aes c ges'>4\arpeggio |}
     \\
     {\repeat unfold 12 aes,16 <ees aes c>4\arpeggio |}
   >>
diff --git a/input/regression/auto-beam-breathe.ly b/input/regression/auto-beam-breathe.ly
index 5eee83a9f1..c64a53f1c9 100644
--- a/input/regression/auto-beam-breathe.ly
+++ b/input/regression/auto-beam-breathe.ly
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Automatic beams are ended early if a breathing sign is
 encountered."
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \time 1/1
-  \repeat unfold 8 c8
+  \repeat unfold 8 c'8
   c8 c
   \breathe
   c8 c c c c
diff --git a/input/regression/auto-beam-partial.ly b/input/regression/auto-beam-partial.ly
index 1151dea94c..85e89ada5d 100644
--- a/input/regression/auto-beam-partial.ly
+++ b/input/regression/auto-beam-partial.ly
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
   texidoc="Autobeaming works properly in partial measures."
 }
 
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \time 6/8
   \partial 2
-  a8 a a a |
+  a'8 a a a |
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/auto-beam-recheck.ly b/input/regression/auto-beam-recheck.ly
index 08dd89564e..148870eebb 100644
--- a/input/regression/auto-beam-recheck.ly
+++ b/input/regression/auto-beam-recheck.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
 
   texidoc = "In 4/4 time, the first and second and third and fourth
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ If any shorter notes are included, each beat should be beamed separately."
 }
 \layout { ragged-right = ##t }
 
-\relative c'' {
-  \repeat unfold 8 { a8} |
+\relative {
+  \repeat unfold 8 { a'8} |
   a8 a a a16 a a8 a  a16 a a8 |
   r16 a8. a8 a16 a r8. a16 a8 a16 a |
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/baerenreiter-sarabande.ly b/input/regression/baerenreiter-sarabande.ly
index f7814f4f3b..891a3a595c 100644
--- a/input/regression/baerenreiter-sarabande.ly
+++ b/input/regression/baerenreiter-sarabande.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.12"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 forcedLastBreak =  {} %%  { \break } if needed to match original breaks
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ half way in measure 13 has been forgotten.
 }
 
 
-sarabandeA =  \context Voice  \relative c {
+sarabandeA =  \context Voice  \relative {
   \override Staff.NoteCollision.merge-differently-dotted = ##t
 
 
diff --git a/input/regression/bar-number-visibility.ly b/input/regression/bar-number-visibility.ly
index afe6f1e273..868d893d35 100644
--- a/input/regression/bar-number-visibility.ly
+++ b/input/regression/bar-number-visibility.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "The @code{barNumberVisibility} property controls at what
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ intervals bar numbers are printed.
 "
 }
 
-music = \relative c' {
-  \repeat unfold 3 { c2 \bar "" \break \repeat unfold 5 c2 }
+music = \relative {
+  \repeat unfold 3 { c'2 \bar "" \break \repeat unfold 5 c2 }
 }
 
 {
diff --git a/input/regression/bar-number-volta-repeat.ly b/input/regression/bar-number-volta-repeat.ly
index 6a3e4bf075..a8bb15491a 100644
--- a/input/regression/bar-number-volta-repeat.ly
+++ b/input/regression/bar-number-volta-repeat.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Bar numbers can automatically reset at volta repeats.
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ musicWithBarNumberCheck =
 #(define-music-function (parser location n)
   (integer?)
 #{
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \override Score.BarNumber.break-visibility = ##(#t #t #t)
     \repeat volta 28 {
-     c1 |
+     c'1 |
      c |
      c |
     }
diff --git a/input/regression/bar-number.ly b/input/regression/bar-number.ly
index ca1d1ff2c9..da1155b0a1 100644
--- a/input/regression/bar-number.ly
+++ b/input/regression/bar-number.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ be increased.
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Score.BarNumber.break-visibility = #all-visible
-  \partial 4 c4 
+  \partial 4 c''4 
   c1 c c
   \set Score.currentBarNumber = #99999
   \override Score.BarNumber.padding = #3
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-beamlet-break.ly b/input/regression/beam-beamlet-break.ly
index 6f13e58a9e..e4792a69aa 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-beamlet-break.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-beamlet-break.ly
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
   beamlets on the same height."
 
 }
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper {
   raggedright = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \time 1/4
   \override Beam.breakable = ##t
-  r16 r16. c32[ c16 \break c8. ] r16
+  r16 r16. c'32[ c16 \break c8. ] r16
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-beat-grouping.ly b/input/regression/beam-beat-grouping.ly
index 0b70b39495..8af2e93ec7 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-beat-grouping.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-beat-grouping.ly
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ signature. "
 \layout {
   ragged-right = ##t
   }
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \time 5/16
   \set beatStructure = #'(2 3)
-  c8[^"(2+3)" c16 c8]
+  c''8[^"(2+3)" c16 c8]
   \set beatStructure = #'(3 2)
   c8[^"(3+2)" c16 c8]
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-break.ly b/input/regression/beam-break.ly
index 0edbf53cd7..8a07c0c510 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-break.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-break.ly
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 "
 
 }
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \layout { ragged-right= ##t }
 
-\relative c''  {
+\relative  {
   \override Score.Beam.breakable = ##t
-  \time 3/16 c16-[ d e \break f-] 
+  \time 3/16 c''16-[ d e \break f-] 
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-broken-classic.ly b/input/regression/beam-broken-classic.ly
index 22262a8561..38b30d4a86 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-broken-classic.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-broken-classic.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc="Some classic examples of broken beams, all taken from
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ Scriabin Op. 11, No. 1.
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-music = \relative c'' {
+music = \relative {
   \override Beam.breakable = ##t
-  r2. f8[ c \break
+  r2. f''8[ c \break
   e c f,] r8 r4 a'8[ e \break
   g d g,] r8 r4 f'8[ a, \break
   e' g, bes] r8 r4 <a' a,>8 [ d, \break
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-collision-basic.ly b/input/regression/beam-collision-basic.ly
index 507b5a5560..f065ab6ae4 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-collision-basic.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-collision-basic.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.15"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
   texidoc = "Manual beams do not collide with notes."
 }
@@ -8,17 +8,17 @@
   indent = #0.0
 }
 
-\relative c' \new Staff {
+\relative \new Staff {
 
   <<
     \new Voice {
     \voiceOne
-    \repeat unfold 8 { c8[ c] }
+    \repeat unfold 8 { c'8[ c] }
   }
-    \new Voice \relative c'' {
+    \new Voice \relative {
       \voiceThree
       \autoBeamOff
-      f r e r
+      f'' r e r
       d r c r
       b r a r
       g r f r
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@
     \voiceOne
     \repeat unfold 8 { c8[ c] }
   }
-    \new Voice \relative c'' {
+    \new Voice \relative {
       \voiceThree
       \autoBeamOff
-      f f e e
+      f'' f e e
       d d c c
       b b a a
       g g f f
@@ -45,16 +45,16 @@
   
   <<
      \new Voice {
-       \repeat unfold 8 \relative c' {
+       \repeat unfold 8 \relative {
 	 \voiceOne
-	 c8[
+	 c'8[
 	 \voiceTwo
 	 c'']
        }
      }
-     \new Voice \relative c' {
+     \new Voice \relative {
        \voiceFour
-       s8 f 
+       s8 f' 
        s8 g
        s8 a
        s8 b
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
   \break
    <<
      \new Voice {
-       \repeat unfold 8 \relative c' {
+       \repeat unfold 8 \relative {
 	 \voiceOne
 
 	 %% We must use a wider interval, otherwise the beam will be
@@ -77,10 +77,10 @@
 	 c'']
        }
      }
-     \new Voice \relative c' {
+     \new Voice \relative {
        \voiceFour
        \autoBeamOff
-       \stemUp f' \stemDown f,
+       \stemUp f'' \stemDown f,
        \stemUp e' \stemDown g,
        \stemUp d' \stemDown a
        \stemUp c \stemDown b
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-collision-beamcount.ly b/input/regression/beam-collision-beamcount.ly
index 8f499e3683..3a663558da 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-collision-beamcount.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-collision-beamcount.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.15"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
   texidoc = "Manual beams do not collide with notes."
 }
@@ -8,17 +8,17 @@
   indent = #0.0
 }
 
-\relative c' \new Staff {
+\relative \new Staff {
 
   <<
     \new Voice {
       \voiceOne
-      \repeat unfold 4 { c8[ c] }
+      \repeat unfold 4 { c'8[ c] }
     }
-    \new Voice \relative c'' {
+    \new Voice \relative {
       \voiceThree
       \autoBeamOff
-      b r a r
+      b' r a r
       g r f r
     } 
   >>
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@
       \voiceOne
       \repeat unfold 4 { c16[ c] }
     }
-    \new Voice \relative c'' {
+    \new Voice \relative {
       \voiceThree
       \autoBeamOff
-      b r a r
+      b' r a r
       g r f r
     } 
   >>
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-collision-classic.ly b/input/regression/beam-collision-classic.ly
index 483f74732b..620b658ebb 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-collision-classic.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-collision-classic.ly
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
 \new Staff
 {
   % Stockhausen (without hemiolas)
-  \relative c''' {
+  \relative {
     \stemUp
-    a8[ \clef bass es,,,,
+    a''8[ \clef bass es,,,,
 	r8 <b' g'>
 	\clef G
 	gis''']
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-collision-flag.ly b/input/regression/beam-collision-flag.ly
index cd52152d10..6613cf1ead 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-collision-flag.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-collision-flag.ly
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Beams do not collide with flags.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c' <<
-  { \voiceOne c'8 r } \\
+\relative <<
+  { \voiceOne c''8 r } \\
   { \voiceThree c,8.[ c'16] }
 >>
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-collision-scaled-staff.ly b/input/regression/beam-collision-scaled-staff.ly
index 14ab9ae958..ebb32806ba 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-collision-scaled-staff.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-collision-scaled-staff.ly
@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@
 <<
   \relative { e''16[ f] }
   \\
-  \relative c''' { \autoBeamOff g b }
+  \relative { \autoBeamOff g'' b }
 >>
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-concave-chord.ly b/input/regression/beam-concave-chord.ly
index 6b173a7b1b..2c35727a7d 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-concave-chord.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-concave-chord.ly
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ morgenliedBeam = \relative \new Voice {
   c16 b c e g <e b'> |
 }
 
-rachmaninovBeams = \relative c' \new Voice {
+rachmaninovBeams = \relative \new Voice {
   \voiceOne
   \time 4/4
   \key c \minor
-  <c' e c'>8[ <g c g'> <c f> <ees, ees'>] ~
+  <c'' e c'>8[ <g c g'> <c f> <ees, ees'>] ~
   <ees ees'>8[ <c c'> <des des'> <d d'>]
 }
 
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-cross-staff-slope.ly b/input/regression/beam-cross-staff-slope.ly
index 0a17141e18..24844a682e 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-cross-staff-slope.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-cross-staff-slope.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
     texidoc = "Cross staff  (kneed) beams do not cause extreme slopes."
 }
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
 
 \context PianoStaff <<
   \new Staff = "up"
-  \relative c'' <<
+  \relative <<
     {
       \stemDown
-      f16( d b \change Staff = down \stemUp
+      f''16( d b \change Staff = down \stemUp
       \clef treble g ~ < g e>8)
       
       e[ \change Staff = up
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-default-lengths.ly b/input/regression/beam-default-lengths.ly
index 3008617671..6abba5f2ea 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-default-lengths.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-default-lengths.ly
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Beamed stems have standard lengths if possible.  Quantization
 is switched off in this example."
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override Beam.skip-quanting = ##t
-  f4  f8[ f]  f16[ f]  f32[ f]  f64[ f]  f128[ f]
+  f'4  f8[ f]  f16[ f]  f32[ f]  f64[ f]  f128[ f]
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-extreme.ly b/input/regression/beam-extreme.ly
index 21c755c255..bb7a8f81b5 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-extreme.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-extreme.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header{
 texidoc="
 Beams should behave reasonably well, even under extreme circumstances.
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ under normal circumstances, these beams would get knees.  Here
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-extreme = \relative c'' {
+extreme = \relative {
   \stemNeutral
-   g8[ c c,]
+   g'8[ c c,]
    c16[ c'' a f]
   \stemUp 
    c,,32[ c'' a f]
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-feather-knee-stem-length.ly b/input/regression/beam-feather-knee-stem-length.ly
index 3b350cab91..e0b1c4caf0 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-feather-knee-stem-length.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-feather-knee-stem-length.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.30"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
 
   texidoc="In feathered beams, stems in knees reach up to the feathered part correctly.
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 
 \layout { ragged-right = ##t}
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override Beam.grow-direction = #-1
 %  \hide Beam
   \override Stem.direction = #UP
-  c32[
+  c'32[
   \override Stem.direction = #DOWN
 
   c''32 c32
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-feather.ly b/input/regression/beam-feather.ly
index 0006976c6e..8dade639bb 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-feather.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-feather.ly
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   
 }
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper {
   ragged-right = ##t
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 % a linear decrease instead?
 %
 
-\featherDurations #(ly:make-moment 3/4) \relative c'' {
+\featherDurations #(ly:make-moment 3/4) \relative {
   \override Beam.grow-direction = #LEFT
-  c16[
+  c''16[
     c c c
     c c c c ] 
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-french.ly b/input/regression/beam-french.ly
index d0f44becdc..618732c5ee 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-french.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-french.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
     texidoc = "In French style beaming, the stems do not go between beams."
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
 
 \layout { ragged-right= ##t }
 
-\relative c'
+\relative
 {
     \override Stem.french-beaming = ##t
-    c16[ c c c]
+    c'16[ c c c]
     c8[ c16 e16 f16 g16 g8]
 }
 
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-funky-beamlet.ly b/input/regression/beam-funky-beamlet.ly
index 31bfcb9e54..f399193e62 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-funky-beamlet.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-funky-beamlet.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
 
   texidoc=" Funky kneed beams with beamlets also work. The beamlets
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ should be pointing to the note head.
 
 \layout { ragged-right = ##t}
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \once \override Stem.direction = #UP
-  c16
+  c'16
   \once \override Stem.direction = #DOWN
 
   c''8 c,,16
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-funky.ly b/input/regression/beam-funky.ly
index 1139907857..6c3e9c46a8 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-funky.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-funky.ly
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ beam. This is in disagreement with the current algorithm."
 
 \layout { ragged-right = ##t} 
 
-\relative c'
+\relative
 {
   \override Beam.auto-knee-gap = #7
   \set subdivideBeams = ##t	     
   \time 8/8
-  c,16[  g'''16  
+  c16[  g'''16  
 	 c,,,16  g'''16 
 	 c,,,16  g'''16 	     	     
 	 c,,,16  g'''16 ]
diff --git a/input/regression/beam-unconnected-beamlets.ly b/input/regression/beam-unconnected-beamlets.ly
index 4d8398ac6d..5b942bce23 100644
--- a/input/regression/beam-unconnected-beamlets.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beam-unconnected-beamlets.ly
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 \layout {
   ragged-right = ##t
   }
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Stem.max-beam-connect = #1
-  c16[ c16]
+  c''16[ c16]
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/beamlet-test.ly b/input/regression/beamlet-test.ly
index 5ec8e4b5a6..a7c3208be2 100644
--- a/input/regression/beamlet-test.ly
+++ b/input/regression/beamlet-test.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ broken beat units.  This should work in tuplets as well as in ordinary time.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
     \tuplet 3/2 {
-      c8. c16 c8
+      c''8. c16 c8
     }
    \tuplet 3/2 {
       c8 c16 c8.
diff --git a/input/regression/bend-after.ly b/input/regression/bend-after.ly
index a5c7a81758..29f62bfe95 100644
--- a/input/regression/bend-after.ly
+++ b/input/regression/bend-after.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
   ragged-right = ##T
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Score.SpacingSpanner.shortest-duration-space = #3.0
-  c4-\bendAfter #+5
+  c''4-\bendAfter #+5
   c4-\bendAfter #+4
   c4-\bendAfter #+3
   c4-\bendAfter #+2
diff --git a/input/regression/breathing-sign-custom-staff.ly b/input/regression/breathing-sign-custom-staff.ly
index ecf0f65244..5b0fb52f84 100644
--- a/input/regression/breathing-sign-custom-staff.ly
+++ b/input/regression/breathing-sign-custom-staff.ly
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Breathing signs are positioned correctly on custom staves
 which use @code{line-positions}."
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'(-7 -5 -3 -1)
   b2 \breathe b
   \override BreathingSign.direction = #DOWN
diff --git a/input/regression/chord-changes-alternative.ly b/input/regression/chord-changes-alternative.ly
index 39f464eee9..678559ef3b 100644
--- a/input/regression/chord-changes-alternative.ly
+++ b/input/regression/chord-changes-alternative.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.18.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Chord change detection in repeat alternatives
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ first alternative.
       \chordmode { \repeat volta 3 { g1 | }
 		   \alternative { {c |}  {c4 g c c |} {g2 c |} } } }
     \new Voice {
-      \relative c'' {
-	\repeat volta 3 { g4 f e d | } 
+      \relative {
+	\repeat volta 3 { g'4 f e d | } 
 	\alternative { {c r r r |} {c g c r |} {b g c2 |} } }
       \bar "|." }
   >>
diff --git a/input/regression/chord-tremolo-other-commands.ly b/input/regression/chord-tremolo-other-commands.ly
index f1f2521a54..61f41b4953 100644
--- a/input/regression/chord-tremolo-other-commands.ly
+++ b/input/regression/chord-tremolo-other-commands.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ right = \relative c'' {
   s2
 }
 
-left = \relative c' {
+left = \relative {
   % This tremolo contains just two notes (but three lilypond events/commands!)
-  \repeat tremolo 4 { f,16 \change Staff = "right" f'} 
+  \repeat tremolo 4 { f16 \change Staff = "right" f'} 
 }
 
 \score {
diff --git a/input/regression/chord-tremolo-stem-direction.ly b/input/regression/chord-tremolo-stem-direction.ly
index 666a2c24e1..fd43b8ea8b 100644
--- a/input/regression/chord-tremolo-stem-direction.ly
+++ b/input/regression/chord-tremolo-stem-direction.ly
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
 
 }
 
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \paper{
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c {
+\relative {
   \stemDown
   \repeat tremolo 16 { d32 a'32 }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/clef-transposition-visibility.ly b/input/regression/clef-transposition-visibility.ly
index ab82c493b1..e83fb4b8a7 100644
--- a/input/regression/clef-transposition-visibility.ly
+++ b/input/regression/clef-transposition-visibility.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.18"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ These settings also need to apply to clefs on new lines."
 \layout { ragged-right = ##t  }
 
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override Staff.ClefModifier.break-visibility = #all-invisible
 
   \clef "treble_8"
-  c2 c |
+  c'2 c |
   c c | \break
   c \clef "tenor" c |
   \revert Staff.ClefModifier.break-visibility
diff --git a/input/regression/clip-systems.ly b/input/regression/clip-systems.ly
index 5757b9c8a7..330a4e36f7 100644
--- a/input/regression/clip-systems.ly
+++ b/input/regression/clip-systems.ly
@@ -19,15 +19,15 @@ The result will be files named
 
 }
 
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 #(ly:set-option 'clip-systems)
 #(define output-suffix "1")
 
 origScore = \score{
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \set Staff.instrumentName = #"bla"
-      c1
+      c'1
       d
       \grace c16
       e1
diff --git a/input/regression/collision-dots-move.ly b/input/regression/collision-dots-move.ly
index 38f8d4144c..c0d28c0baf 100644
--- a/input/regression/collision-dots-move.ly
+++ b/input/regression/collision-dots-move.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
 
     texidoc = "If dotted note heads must remain on the left side,
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ collision resolution moves the dots to the right."
 
 \layout { ragged-right = ##t }
 
-\relative c {
+\relative {
   \clef bass
   \override Staff.NoteCollision.prefer-dotted-right = ##t
-  << <b g' >4 ^"prefer-dotted-right = #t" \\ { c8. d16 } >>
+  << <b, g' >4 ^"prefer-dotted-right = #t" \\ { c8. d16 } >>
   << <b g' >4 \\ { d8. d16 } >>
   << <b g' >4 \\ { f'8. d16 } >>
   << <c a' >4 \\ { g'8. d16 } >>
diff --git a/input/regression/collision-merge-differently-headed.ly b/input/regression/collision-merge-differently-headed.ly
index 7876e6a7fd..e22888ebbc 100644
--- a/input/regression/collision-merge-differently-headed.ly
+++ b/input/regression/collision-merge-differently-headed.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
   texidoc =
 
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ if the black note heads are from 8th or shorter notes.
 \layout { ragged-right= ##t }
 
 
-\context Staff  \relative c'' <<
+\context Staff  \relative <<
   {
     \override Staff.NoteCollision.merge-differently-headed = ##t
-    c2 c8 c4.
+    c''2 c8 c4.
     c2
   }\\
   {
diff --git a/input/regression/collision-whole.ly b/input/regression/collision-whole.ly
index 3813a09265..e1601f9645 100644
--- a/input/regression/collision-whole.ly
+++ b/input/regression/collision-whole.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
  texidoc = "Mixed collisions with whole and longer notes
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
 }
 
 \layout{ragged-right=##t}
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Score.NoteHead.style = #'altdefault
   <<
-    { c1 c2*2 c1 c4*4 c1 c\breve*1/2 c\breve*1/2 b\breve*1/2 }
+    { c''1 c2*2 c1 c4*4 c1 c\breve*1/2 c\breve*1/2 b\breve*1/2 }
     \\
     { c2*2 c1 c4*4 c1 c\breve*1/2 c1 b\breve*1/2 c\breve*1/2 }
  >>
diff --git a/input/regression/color.ly b/input/regression/color.ly
index 8f2c608e14..6dd0a41554 100644
--- a/input/regression/color.ly
+++ b/input/regression/color.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header{
   texidoc = "Each grob can have a color assigned to it.
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ Use the @code{\\override} and @code{\\revert} expressions to set the
 
 \paper { ragged-right = ##t }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override Accidental.color = #darkgreen
   \override Beam.color = #cyan
   \override NoteHead.color = #darkyellow
-  c4
+  c'4
   \override NoteHead.color = #red
   f
   \override NoteHead.color = #darkmagenta
diff --git a/input/regression/completion-heads-unit.ly b/input/regression/completion-heads-unit.ly
index 7f28cf4d31..f5f507cb80 100644
--- a/input/regression/completion-heads-unit.ly
+++ b/input/regression/completion-heads-unit.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 texidoc = "
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Note head completion may be broken into sub-bar units by setting the
   }
 }
 
-\context Staff \relative f {
+\context Staff \relative {
   \time 9/8
   \set completionUnit = #(ly:make-moment 3/8)
   g'1.. r2
diff --git a/input/regression/compound-time-signature-style.ly b/input/regression/compound-time-signature-style.ly
index 531536147d..55de7c0cb6 100644
--- a/input/regression/compound-time-signature-style.ly
+++ b/input/regression/compound-time-signature-style.ly
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-\version "2.19.16"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
     texidoc = "Simple-fraction components of a compound time signature are numeric regardless of the time signature style.
 "
 }
 
-\relative b' {
-  \compoundMeter #'(2 2) b1
+\relative {
+  \compoundMeter #'(2 2) b'1
   \compoundMeter #'(4 4) b1
   \compoundMeter #'((1 1) (2 2)) b\breve
   \compoundMeter #'((2 2) (4 4)) b\breve
diff --git a/input/regression/compound-time-signatures.ly b/input/regression/compound-time-signatures.ly
index 2f10281825..2437efad47 100644
--- a/input/regression/compound-time-signatures.ly
+++ b/input/regression/compound-time-signatures.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
     texidoc = "Create compound time signatures. The argument is a Scheme list
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ as @code{\\compoundMeter #'((3 2 8))} or shorter
 
 
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override Staff.TimeSignature.break-visibility = ##(#f #t #t)
   \compoundMeter #'(1 2 3 4 8)
-  \repeat unfold 10 c8 \repeat unfold 20 c16 \break
+  \repeat unfold 10 c'8 \repeat unfold 20 c16 \break
 
   \time 3/4
   \repeat unfold 6 c8 \repeat unfold 12 c16 \break
diff --git a/input/regression/cue-clef-after-barline.ly b/input/regression/cue-clef-after-barline.ly
index 8f222b1955..64d606fb8b 100644
--- a/input/regression/cue-clef-after-barline.ly
+++ b/input/regression/cue-clef-after-barline.ly
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 \version "2.19.21"
 
-instrument = \relative c' {
-  \repeat unfold 40 { c8 }
+instrument = \relative {
+  \repeat unfold 40 { c'8 }
 }
 \addQuote "instrQuote" \instrument
 
diff --git a/input/regression/cue-clef-begin-of-score.ly b/input/regression/cue-clef-begin-of-score.ly
index 0f9c8de1d6..b532663e28 100644
--- a/input/regression/cue-clef-begin-of-score.ly
+++ b/input/regression/cue-clef-begin-of-score.ly
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Clefs for cue notes at the start of a score should print the
 standard clef plus a small cue clef after the time/@/key signature."
 }
 
-vI = \relative c'' { \clef "treble" \repeat unfold 40 g4 }
+vI = \relative { \clef "treble" \repeat unfold 40 g'4 }
 \addQuote vIQuote { \vI }
 
 Solo = \relative c'' {
diff --git a/input/regression/cue-clef-keysignature.ly b/input/regression/cue-clef-keysignature.ly
index 8e70bf18a8..a94fdecbee 100644
--- a/input/regression/cue-clef-keysignature.ly
+++ b/input/regression/cue-clef-keysignature.ly
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Clefs for cue notes should not influence the printed key signature."
 }
 
-vI = \relative c'' { \clef "treble" \repeat unfold 40 g4 }
+vI = \relative { \clef "treble" \repeat unfold 40 g'4 }
 \addQuote vIQuote { \vI }
 \score {
   \new Staff {
diff --git a/input/regression/cue-clef-new-line.ly b/input/regression/cue-clef-new-line.ly
index cf1c1605a3..7b6e6f1969 100644
--- a/input/regression/cue-clef-new-line.ly
+++ b/input/regression/cue-clef-new-line.ly
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Cue notes going over a line break should print the standard clef on the new
 line plus an additional cue clef after the time/@/key signature."
 }
 
-vI = \relative c'' { \clef "treble" \repeat unfold 40 g4 }
+vI = \relative { \clef "treble" \repeat unfold 40 g'4 }
 \addQuote vIQuote { \vI }
 
 Solo = \relative {
diff --git a/input/regression/cue-clef-transposition-optional.ly b/input/regression/cue-clef-transposition-optional.ly
index bf13c22974..a0a78660ee 100644
--- a/input/regression/cue-clef-transposition-optional.ly
+++ b/input/regression/cue-clef-transposition-optional.ly
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 by using parentheses or brackets around the transposition number."
 }
 
-vI = \relative c'' { \clef "treble" \repeat unfold 40 g4 }
+vI = \relative { \clef "treble" \repeat unfold 40 g'4 }
 \addQuote vIQuote { \vI }
 
 Solo = \relative {
diff --git a/input/regression/cue-clef-transposition.ly b/input/regression/cue-clef-transposition.ly
index 8882ef11b6..e4ebcb0654 100644
--- a/input/regression/cue-clef-transposition.ly
+++ b/input/regression/cue-clef-transposition.ly
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
   texidoc = "Transposition for clefs for cue notes."
 }
 
-vI = \relative c'' { \clef "treble" \repeat unfold 40 g4 }
+vI = \relative { \clef "treble" \repeat unfold 40 g'4 }
 \addQuote vIQuote { \vI }
 
 Solo = \relative {
diff --git a/input/regression/cue-clef.ly b/input/regression/cue-clef.ly
index f87668ecc4..2d60544bca 100644
--- a/input/regression/cue-clef.ly
+++ b/input/regression/cue-clef.ly
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 notes and a canceling clef after the cue notes."
 }
 
-vI = \relative c'' { \clef "treble" \repeat unfold 16 g4 }
+vI = \relative { \clef "treble" \repeat unfold 16 g'4 }
 \addQuote vIQuote { \vI }
 
 Solo = \relative {
diff --git a/input/regression/dot-flag-collision.ly b/input/regression/dot-flag-collision.ly
index 1c649d6d20..23fa9adb6b 100644
--- a/input/regression/dot-flag-collision.ly
+++ b/input/regression/dot-flag-collision.ly
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
   texidoc = "Dots move to the right when a collision with the (up)flag happens."
 }
 \layout { ragged-right = ##t}
 
 
-\relative c''
+\relative
 {
   \time 8/4
   \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-  a,16.
+  a16.
   g''16.
   a,4. a8 a8. a16. c,16. g16.
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/double-repeat-default-volta.ly b/input/regression/double-repeat-default-volta.ly
index f560324a6c..2b4e3fddad 100644
--- a/input/regression/double-repeat-default-volta.ly
+++ b/input/regression/double-repeat-default-volta.ly
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "For volte, the style of double repeats can be set
   using @code{doubleRepeatType}."
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \repeat volta 1 {
-    c1
+    c'1
   }
   \mark "default"
   \repeat volta 1 {
diff --git a/input/regression/double-repeat.ly b/input/regression/double-repeat.ly
index 7718979138..1dd8da5a05 100644
--- a/input/regression/double-repeat.ly
+++ b/input/regression/double-repeat.ly
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
     \bar ":|.:"
     c1
   }
-  \new Staff \relative c' {
-    \repeat unfold 4 { c1 }
+  \new Staff \relative {
+    \repeat unfold 4 { c'1 }
   }
 >>
diff --git a/input/regression/dynamics-alignment-no-line-linebreak.ly b/input/regression/dynamics-alignment-no-line-linebreak.ly
index 69128631f6..8b407c5339 100644
--- a/input/regression/dynamics-alignment-no-line-linebreak.ly
+++ b/input/regression/dynamics-alignment-no-line-linebreak.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Setting the style of a @code{DynamicTextSpanner} to @code{'none}
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ to hide the line altogether should also work over line breaks.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override DynamicTextSpanner.style = #'none
-  c2\cresc g,2
+  c''2\cresc g,2
   \break
   g2 c'2\f
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/event-listener-output.ly b/input/regression/event-listener-output.ly
index aa3d171c6b..fb9fb336f1 100644
--- a/input/regression/event-listener-output.ly
+++ b/input/regression/event-listener-output.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Music events can be extracted from a score with event
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ vlnone = \new Staff {
     #CENTER
   \override TextSpanner.bound-details.right.text =
     \markup { \draw-line #'(0 . -1) }
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \key d \major
   \tempo 4 = 96
 
diff --git a/input/regression/ferneyhough-hairpins.ly b/input/regression/ferneyhough-hairpins.ly
index a49892c140..263d44fb10 100644
--- a/input/regression/ferneyhough-hairpins.ly
+++ b/input/regression/ferneyhough-hairpins.ly
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-\version "2.19.12"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "LilyPond creates hairpins found in Ferneyhough scores.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Hairpin.stencil = #flared-hairpin
-  a4\< a a a\f
+  a'4\< a a a\f
   a4\p\< a a a\ff
   a4\sfz\< a a a\!
   \override Hairpin.stencil = #constante-hairpin
diff --git a/input/regression/finger-chords-dot.ly b/input/regression/finger-chords-dot.ly
index 8b62bc0a3f..06cbfa0e75 100644
--- a/input/regression/finger-chords-dot.ly
+++ b/input/regression/finger-chords-dot.ly
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Scripts right of a chord avoid dots."
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \set fingeringOrientations = #'(right)
-  <c-\rightHandFinger #1 >4.. <d-3 f>4. r8.
+  <c'-\rightHandFinger #1 >4.. <d-3 f>4. r8.
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/fingering-column-snap-radius.ly b/input/regression/fingering-column-snap-radius.ly
index 50faefcdab..cd78ef7d8c 100644
--- a/input/regression/fingering-column-snap-radius.ly
+++ b/input/regression/fingering-column-snap-radius.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.16"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Horizontally-offset @code{Fingerings} align along the Y axis when
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ they are within @code{FingeringColumn.snap-radius} of each other.
 "
 }
 
-\relative f'' {
+\relative {
   \set fingeringOrientations = #'(left)
-  <cis-1 a-1 e-1>4
+  <cis''-1 a-1 e-1>4
   <ceses-1 a-1 e-1>4
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/fingering-column.ly b/input/regression/fingering-column.ly
index d4d2551b2e..673bace619 100644
--- a/input/regression/fingering-column.ly
+++ b/input/regression/fingering-column.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.10"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Horizontal @code{Fingering} grobs that collide do not intersect.
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ by the @code{FingeringColumn} grob.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
    \set fingeringOrientations = #'(left)
    \override Fingering.staff-padding = #'()
    \override Fingering.add-stem-support = ##f
-   <d-0 c-3 f,-0>4 <d-0 f,-3 e-0>
+   <d''-0 c-3 f,-0>4 <d-0 f,-3 e-0>
    <d^0 c^3 f,-0> <d^0 f,-0> <c^3 f,-0>
    <d-0 c-0 b-0 a-0 g-0 f-0>
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/fingering-directions.ly b/input/regression/fingering-directions.ly
index ba8d1525e5..ab6e02a81e 100644
--- a/input/regression/fingering-directions.ly
+++ b/input/regression/fingering-directions.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Fingering directions in directed and undirected contexts."
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
 \layout { ragged-right= ##t }
 
 {
-  \relative c''
+  \relative
   \new Voice {
     \tempo "\\voiceTwo"
     \voiceTwo
-    c2^5 <c^5>
+    c''2^5 <c^5>
     c_5 <c_5>
     c-5 <c-5>
     \tempo "\\oneVoice"
diff --git a/input/regression/glissando-broken-multiple.ly b/input/regression/glissando-broken-multiple.ly
index ce150f885d..bc1a716283 100644
--- a/input/regression/glissando-broken-multiple.ly
+++ b/input/regression/glissando-broken-multiple.ly
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@
   texidoc = "When broken, glissandi can span multiple lines."
 
 }
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \paper {
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Glissando.breakable = ##t
   \override Glissando.after-line-breaking = ##t
-  d1\glissando
+  d''1\glissando
   \break s1
   \break s1
   \break s1
diff --git a/input/regression/glissando-broken-unkilled.ly b/input/regression/glissando-broken-unkilled.ly
index 29659bac61..41fd3f1f03 100644
--- a/input/regression/glissando-broken-unkilled.ly
+++ b/input/regression/glissando-broken-unkilled.ly
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Broken glissandi anticipate the pitch on the next line."
 }
 
 \score {
- \relative c' {
+ \relative {
    \override Glissando.after-line-breaking = ##t
    \override Glissando.breakable = ##t
-   c1\glissando
+   c'1\glissando
    \break
    c'1
    \break
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@
 }
 
 \score {
- \relative c' {
+ \relative {
    \override Glissando.after-line-breaking = ##t
    \override Glissando.breakable = ##t
-   c1\glissando
+   c'1\glissando
    \break
    c'1
    \break
diff --git a/input/regression/glissando-broken.ly b/input/regression/glissando-broken.ly
index baf5993d99..80297f8a41 100644
--- a/input/regression/glissando-broken.ly
+++ b/input/regression/glissando-broken.ly
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
   texidoc = "If broken, Glissandi anticipate on the pitch of the next line."
   
 }
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \paper {
   ragged-right = ##T }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Glissando.breakable = ##t 
-  d1 \glissando |
+  d''1 \glissando |
   \break
   c,1
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/glissando-index.ly b/input/regression/glissando-index.ly
index 5611773909..4040202c27 100644
--- a/input/regression/glissando-index.ly
+++ b/input/regression/glissando-index.ly
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Individual glissandi within a chord can be tweaked."
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \once \override Voice.Glissando.style =
     #(lambda (grob)
        (if (= 1 (ly:grob-property grob 'glissando-index)) 'zigzag 'default))
-  <d f a>1 \glissando s1 <f a c>
+  <d' f a>1 \glissando s1 <f a c>
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/grace-direction-polyphony.ly b/input/regression/grace-direction-polyphony.ly
index 49788a6062..3725d2a2f6 100644
--- a/input/regression/grace-direction-polyphony.ly
+++ b/input/regression/grace-direction-polyphony.ly
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 finishing the grace section."
 
 }
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
-\relative c''' {
+\relative {
   \voiceOne
-  c4
+  c'''4
   \grace d8 c4
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/grace-volta-repeat-2.ly b/input/regression/grace-volta-repeat-2.ly
index 1a150fcc8a..b139991588 100644
--- a/input/regression/grace-volta-repeat-2.ly
+++ b/input/regression/grace-volta-repeat-2.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.5"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@
 
 \layout { ragged-right= ##t }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    c1
+    c'1
   }
   \repeat volta 2 {
     \grace {c8 } c4
diff --git a/input/regression/hairpin-circled.ly b/input/regression/hairpin-circled.ly
index 2da785101c..bee36fb2d7 100644
--- a/input/regression/hairpin-circled.ly
+++ b/input/regression/hairpin-circled.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ followed by a crescendo al niente should only print one circle."
 
 \layout { ragged-right = ##t } 
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Hairpin.circled-tip = ##t
-  c1\< d\! d\> c\!
+  c''1\< d\! d\> c\!
   \override Hairpin.to-barline = ##f
   e\> c\< d\! \break
   c\< \break
diff --git a/input/regression/hairpin-dashed.ly b/input/regression/hairpin-dashed.ly
index 8e860fa22a..4754d34c6b 100644
--- a/input/regression/hairpin-dashed.ly
+++ b/input/regression/hairpin-dashed.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc ="Hairpin crescendi may be dashed. "
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 }
 
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override Hairpin.style = #'dashed-line
-  f2\< g c1 d4\> b a gis\! }     
+  f'2\< g c1 d4\> b a gis\! }     
 
diff --git a/input/regression/hairpin-ending.ly b/input/regression/hairpin-ending.ly
index 3c70b07330..c428efb628 100644
--- a/input/regression/hairpin-ending.ly
+++ b/input/regression/hairpin-ending.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ into them."
 
 \layout { ragged-right = ##t } 
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Score.PaperColumn.keep-inside-line = ##f
-  c4 \> c4 c4\! c4_\ff \> c4 c4\!\p
+  c''4 \> c4 c4\! c4_\ff \> c4 c4\!\p
   
   <<
     { c\< c\! }
diff --git a/input/regression/hairpin-neighboring-span-dynamics.ly b/input/regression/hairpin-neighboring-span-dynamics.ly
index 9527267ff7..05557af9e0 100644
--- a/input/regression/hairpin-neighboring-span-dynamics.ly
+++ b/input/regression/hairpin-neighboring-span-dynamics.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Bound padding for hairpins also applies before following
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ is not scaled down.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override Hairpin.to-barline = ##f
-  c2\>
+  c'2\>
   \dimTextDim
   c2\>
   \dimHairpin
diff --git a/input/regression/hairpin-span-bar.ly b/input/regression/hairpin-span-bar.ly
index 43129b4368..2a95016298 100644
--- a/input/regression/hairpin-span-bar.ly
+++ b/input/regression/hairpin-span-bar.ly
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
     >>
     \new GrandStaff <<
       \new Staff \relative { a'^\< a a a a a a a a a a a\! }
-      \new Staff \relative c'' { \repeat unfold 12 a4 }
+      \new Staff \relative { \repeat unfold 12 a'4 }
     >>
     \new GrandStaff <<
       \new Staff \relative { a'4 a a a s1 a4 a a a }
diff --git a/input/regression/hairpin-to-barline.ly b/input/regression/hairpin-to-barline.ly
index be083aaacf..b9c69948fd 100644
--- a/input/regression/hairpin-to-barline.ly
+++ b/input/regression/hairpin-to-barline.ly
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ should end at that bar line. "
 
 }
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Hairpin.bound-padding = #1.0
-  c4\< c2. c4\!
+  c''4\< c2. c4\!
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/harp-pedals-sanity-checks.ly b/input/regression/harp-pedals-sanity-checks.ly
index e239adc6bb..f3e8dd5e9f 100644
--- a/input/regression/harp-pedals-sanity-checks.ly
+++ b/input/regression/harp-pedals-sanity-checks.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 #(ly:set-option 'warning-as-error #f)
 #(ly:expect-warning (_ "Harp pedal diagram contains dividers at positions ~a.  Normally, there is only one divider after the third pedal.") '(1 3 5))
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ the diagrams here violate the standard (7 pedals with divider after third), so
 a warning is printed out, but they should still look okay."
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Score.PaperColumn.keep-inside-line = ##f
   % Sanity checks: #pedals != 7:
-  c1^\markup \harp-pedal #"^-v|--"
+  c''1^\markup \harp-pedal #"^-v|--"
   % Sanity checks: no divider, multiple dividers, divider on wrong position:
   c1^\markup \harp-pedal #"^-v--v^"
   c1^\markup \harp-pedal #"^|-v|--|v^"
diff --git a/input/regression/harp-pedals-tweaking.ly b/input/regression/harp-pedals-tweaking.ly
index d071833768..b835d21a28 100644
--- a/input/regression/harp-pedals-tweaking.ly
+++ b/input/regression/harp-pedals-tweaking.ly
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Harp pedals can be tweaked through the size, thickness and 
 harp-pedal-details properties of TextScript."
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Score.PaperColumn.keep-inside-line = ##f
   \override Voice.TextScript.harp-pedal-details.box-width = #1
   \once \override Voice.TextScript.size = #1.5
   \once \override Voice.TextScript.thickness = #7
-  c1^\markup \harp-pedal #"o^ovo-|vovo-o^"
+  c''1^\markup \harp-pedal #"o^ovo-|vovo-o^"
   c1^\markup \override #'(harp-pedal-details . (
                   (box-width . 0.6)
                   (box-height . 0.3)
diff --git a/input/regression/instrument-name-dynamic.ly b/input/regression/instrument-name-dynamic.ly
index 15f3f43e60..a5ee9cdf24 100644
--- a/input/regression/instrument-name-dynamic.ly
+++ b/input/regression/instrument-name-dynamic.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@
   indent = 0\cm
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "foo"
-  f1 | f1 | f1 |
+  f'1 | f1 | f1 |
   f1\< | f1 | f1\! |
 }
 
diff --git a/input/regression/instrument-name-partial.ly b/input/regression/instrument-name-partial.ly
index 0ce9495f9e..fb95606568 100644
--- a/input/regression/instrument-name-partial.ly
+++ b/input/regression/instrument-name-partial.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
   texidoc = "Instrument names are also printed on  partial starting measures."
 }
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 
 
-\relative c'' { \set Staff.instrumentName = "foo" \partial 4 c4 c1 }
+\relative { \set Staff.instrumentName = "foo" \partial 4 c''4 c1 }
 
 
 
diff --git a/input/regression/instrument-name-volta.ly b/input/regression/instrument-name-volta.ly
index 9110d07fa4..c84ef3eda1 100644
--- a/input/regression/instrument-name-volta.ly
+++ b/input/regression/instrument-name-volta.ly
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Moving the @code{Volta_engraver} to the @code{Staff}
 context does not affect @code{InstrumentName} alignment."
 }
 
-testMusik =  \relative c'' {
+testMusik =  \relative {
   \repeat volta 2 {
-    c1 \break
+    c''1 \break
   } \alternative {
     { c1 \break }
     { c1 \break }
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ testMusik =  \relative c'' {
 }
 
 \score {
-  \new Staff \relative c' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Instr."
     \repeat volta 2 {
-      c1 \break
+      c'1 \break
     }
     \alternative {
       { c1 \break }
diff --git a/input/regression/key-signature-scordatura-persist.ly b/input/regression/key-signature-scordatura-persist.ly
index 1bae1b68fa..0a721ba68c 100644
--- a/input/regression/key-signature-scordatura-persist.ly
+++ b/input/regression/key-signature-scordatura-persist.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.7"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "When a custom key signature has entries which are
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ octave defined in @code{keyAlterations}.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \set Staff.keyAlterations = #`(((0 . 3) . ,SHARP)
                                ((0 . 5) . ,FLAT)
                                ((0 . 6) . ,FLAT))
-  fis fis as bes
+  fis' fis as bes
   fis' as, as bes
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/key-signature-scordatura.ly b/input/regression/key-signature-scordatura.ly
index 547fe7688e..5954f2c013 100644
--- a/input/regression/key-signature-scordatura.ly
+++ b/input/regression/key-signature-scordatura.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.19.7"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header { texidoc = "By setting @code{Staff.keyAlterations} directly,
 key signatures can be set invidually per pitch.
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ key signatures can be set invidually per pitch.
 \layout {
     ragged-right = ##T
 }
-\relative c'
+\relative
 \new Staff {
     \set Staff.keyAlterations = #`(((0 . 3) . ,FLAT) ((1 .  2) . ,SHARP))
-    f8 a c e
+    f'8 a c e
     \set Staff.keyAlterations = #`(((0 . 4) . ,DOUBLE-SHARP) ((1 .  2) . ,FLAT))
     e a, g a
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/keys.ly b/input/regression/keys.ly
index 3ede492846..209a3469f1 100644
--- a/input/regression/keys.ly
+++ b/input/regression/keys.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.19.7"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header{
 texidoc="
 Key signatures may appear on key changes, even without a barline.  
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ are created also on a clef change.
     ragged-right = ##T
 }
 
-\relative c'
+\relative
 {
     \set Staff.createKeyOnClefChange = ##t  
-    \key bes \major c2
+    \key bes \major c'2
 				%    \key c \major %  \minor
     \key es \major %  \minor
     c2
diff --git a/input/regression/line-arrows.ly b/input/regression/line-arrows.ly
index 1b3bccc8a3..9cfa449154 100644
--- a/input/regression/line-arrows.ly
+++ b/input/regression/line-arrows.ly
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
   texidoc = "Arrows can be applied to text-spanners and line-spanners (such as the Glissando)"
 }
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper {
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override TextSpanner.bound-padding = #1.0
   \override TextSpanner.style = #'line
   \override TextSpanner.bound-details.right.arrow = ##t
@@ -23,6 +23,6 @@
   \override Glissando.arrow-length = #0.5
   \override Glissando.arrow-width = #0.25
   
-  a8\startTextSpan gis8 a4 b4\glissando
+  a'8\startTextSpan gis8 a4 b4\glissando
   b,4 | g' c\stopTextSpan c
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/line-style.ly b/input/regression/line-style.ly
index 2d77edd91d..c3452d7439 100644
--- a/input/regression/line-style.ly
+++ b/input/regression/line-style.ly
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Cover all line styles available."  
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Glissando.breakable = ##t
 
   s2
-  d2 \glissando d'2
+  d''2 \glissando d'2
   \override Glissando.style = #'dashed-line
   d,2 \glissando d'2
   \override Glissando.style = #'dotted-line
diff --git a/input/regression/lyric-combine-new.ly b/input/regression/lyric-combine-new.ly
index b01227ac9a..76d2bd77dc 100644
--- a/input/regression/lyric-combine-new.ly
+++ b/input/regression/lyric-combine-new.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.2"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
   texidoc = "With the @code{\\lyricsto} mechanism, individual lyric
     lines can be associated with one melody line. Each lyric line
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ can be tuned to either follow or ignore melismata."
 
 
 <<
-  \new Voice = "bla" \relative c'' {
+  \new Voice = "bla" \relative {
     \autoBeamOff
-    c2( d4) e8[ c b c] f4
+    c''2( d4) e8[ c b c] f4
   }
   \new Lyrics  \lyricsto "bla"  { bla ab blob blob }
   \new Lyrics  \lyricsto "bla"  {
diff --git a/input/regression/lyric-combine-switch-voice.ly b/input/regression/lyric-combine-switch-voice.ly
index ccf444b682..4e6fd50bc5 100644
--- a/input/regression/lyric-combine-switch-voice.ly
+++ b/input/regression/lyric-combine-switch-voice.ly
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ if the switch occurs together with context instantiation."
 
 }
 
-\version "2.17.15"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 <<
-  \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    c4
+    c'4
     <<
       \new Voice = "alternative" {
         \voiceOne
diff --git a/input/regression/lyric-combine.ly b/input/regression/lyric-combine.ly
index fff2e9cbcd..1f635e638c 100644
--- a/input/regression/lyric-combine.ly
+++ b/input/regression/lyric-combine.ly
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ lyrics ignore any other rhythms in the piece."
 
 
 
-m = \relative c'' {
+m = \relative {
     \autoBeamOff
-    g8( a)  r8 \tuplet 3/2 { g'8( f e) } r8 \grace {  d16[ c b] } e4
+    g'8( a)  r8 \tuplet 3/2 { g'8( f e) } r8 \grace {  d16[ c b] } e4
     \textLengthOff
     d8.^"melisma" 	\melisma c16
     \melismaEnd
diff --git a/input/regression/lyric-extender-completion.ly b/input/regression/lyric-extender-completion.ly
index 66e744594a..7b920a1c08 100644
--- a/input/regression/lyric-extender-completion.ly
+++ b/input/regression/lyric-extender-completion.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.2"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 <<
 
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \new Voice = "upper" {
     \voiceTwo
     g'1( |
diff --git a/input/regression/lyric-melisma-manual.ly b/input/regression/lyric-melisma-manual.ly
index d366988cc2..f237e9cc8e 100644
--- a/input/regression/lyric-melisma-manual.ly
+++ b/input/regression/lyric-melisma-manual.ly
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Melismata may be entered manually by substituting
 @code{_} for lyrics on notes that are part of the melisma."
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
-  c4 d( e) f
+  c'4 d( e) f
   f4( e) e e
 }
 \addlyrics {
diff --git a/input/regression/lyric-phrasing.ly b/input/regression/lyric-phrasing.ly
index 3d16224aeb..4865b114a2 100644
--- a/input/regression/lyric-phrasing.ly
+++ b/input/regression/lyric-phrasing.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.2"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
 
   texidoc = "
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 
 
 <<
-  \relative c' \new Voice = "bla" {
+  \relative \new Voice = "bla" {
     \autoBeamOff
-    c4( c16 d c b)  c4
+    c'4( c16 d c b)  c4
     d16[ e f g]
     
   }
diff --git a/input/regression/lyrics-aligned-above-stay-close-to-staff.ly b/input/regression/lyrics-aligned-above-stay-close-to-staff.ly
index addf34a092..39ba74c47f 100644
--- a/input/regression/lyrics-aligned-above-stay-close-to-staff.ly
+++ b/input/regression/lyrics-aligned-above-stay-close-to-staff.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   title = "Aligned-above lyrics should stay close to their staff"
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Bass staff.
 
 \paper { ragged-last-bottom = ##f }
 
-tune = \relative c { \repeat unfold 2 { c4( e) g2 | \break c1 }
+tune = \relative { \repeat unfold 2 { c4( e) g2 | \break c1 }
 \bar "|."  }
 
 \score {
diff --git a/input/regression/lyrics-melisma-beam.ly b/input/regression/lyrics-melisma-beam.ly
index b3f99228b6..78a3aac6de 100644
--- a/input/regression/lyrics-melisma-beam.ly
+++ b/input/regression/lyrics-melisma-beam.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.2"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header
 {
   texidoc = "Melismata are triggered by manual beams.  Notes in a
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
 
 <<
   \new Staff
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    g4 d8[ b8 d8 g8]  g4
+    g'4 d8[ b8 d8 g8]  g4
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "" { bla blaa -- bla }
 >>
diff --git a/input/regression/markup-score.ly b/input/regression/markup-score.ly
index ffac9f2e68..4b00e72aa2 100644
--- a/input/regression/markup-score.ly
+++ b/input/regression/markup-score.ly
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
     texidoc = "Use \\score block as markup command."
 }
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 tuning = \markup {
     \score {
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ tuning = \markup {
     subsubtitle = \markup { "Originalstimmung:" \tuning }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
     \time 4/8
-    \tuplet 3/2 { c8 d e } \tuplet 3/2 {c d e}
+    \tuplet 3/2 { c''8 d e } \tuplet 3/2 {c d e}
     \tuplet 3/2 { c8 d e } \tuplet 3/2 {c d e}
     g8 a8 g8 a
     g8 a8 g8 a
diff --git a/input/regression/metronome-marking-align-order.ly b/input/regression/metronome-marking-align-order.ly
index 21410c6e6c..e2ed15d299 100644
--- a/input/regression/metronome-marking-align-order.ly
+++ b/input/regression/metronome-marking-align-order.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Metronome marks respect symbol order in
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ measure.
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override Staff.KeySignature.break-align-anchor-alignment = #LEFT
   \override Score.MetronomeMark.break-align-symbols = #'(time-signature key-signature)
   \key c \minor
   \tempo "Time"
-  c1 
+  c'1 
   \key as \major
   \tempo "Key"
   c1
diff --git a/input/regression/metronome-marking-break-align.ly b/input/regression/metronome-marking-break-align.ly
index 90e99212b8..e8275d2176 100644
--- a/input/regression/metronome-marking-break-align.ly
+++ b/input/regression/metronome-marking-break-align.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "@code{\\tempo} marks are aligned with the time signature
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ with the preceding bar line.
   line-width = 50\mm
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \tempo "T-first"
-  c1
+  c'1
   \mark \default
   \tempo "T-note"
   c1 \break
diff --git a/input/regression/metronome-parenthesized.ly b/input/regression/metronome-parenthesized.ly
index f4c3f8cd26..d2740a5217 100644
--- a/input/regression/metronome-parenthesized.ly
+++ b/input/regression/metronome-parenthesized.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header{
   texidoc="
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Using an empty text in the metronome marks, one can generate parenthesized tempo
 "
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tempo 4=60
-  c1
+  c''1
   \tempo "" 4=80
   c1
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/metronome-text.ly b/input/regression/metronome-text.ly
index 2dacf798c0..2f02d1c141 100644
--- a/input/regression/metronome-text.ly
+++ b/input/regression/metronome-text.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header{
   texidoc="
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ The tempo command supports text markup and/@/or `duration=count'.  Using
 "
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
-  \tempo "Allegro" c1
+\relative {
+  \tempo "Allegro" c''1
   \tempo "Allegro" c1
   $(make-event-chord (list (make-music 'TempoChangeEvent
                                         'text "blah")))
diff --git a/input/regression/midi-dynamics.ly b/input/regression/midi-dynamics.ly
index 05f0b9b282..05280c9e44 100644
--- a/input/regression/midi-dynamics.ly
+++ b/input/regression/midi-dynamics.ly
@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@
 
 }
 
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \score {
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
 
     \set midiMinimumVolume = #0.0
     \set midiMaximumVolume = #1.0
-    c\ff c\pppp
+    c'\ff c\pppp
     c\ff\> c c c c\!\pppp
 
     c\< c c c c\! \ff
diff --git a/input/regression/midi-volume-equaliser.ly b/input/regression/midi-volume-equaliser.ly
index fe2404bdda..d411c13c0a 100644
--- a/input/regression/midi-volume-equaliser.ly
+++ b/input/regression/midi-volume-equaliser.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
   texidoc = "@cindex Midi Volume Equaliser
 The full orchestra plays a note, where groups stop one after
@@ -20,75 +20,75 @@ Override, see scm/midi.scm:
 
 %}
 
-flauti =  \relative c' {
+flauti =  \relative {
   \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"flute"
 
-  c1\f R1*10
+  c'1\f R1*10
 }
 
-oboi =  \relative c' {
+oboi =  \relative {
   \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"oboe"
 
-  R1*1 c1\f R1*9
+  R1*1 c'1\f R1*9
 }
 
-clarinetti =  \relative c' {
+clarinetti =  \relative {
   \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"clarinet"
 
-  R1*2 c1\f R1*8
+  R1*2 c'1\f R1*8
 }
 
-fagotti =  \relative c' {
+fagotti =  \relative {
   \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"bassoon"
 
   \clef bass
-  R1*3 c1\f R1*7
+  R1*3 c'1\f R1*7
 }
 
-corni =  \relative c' {
+corni =  \relative {
   \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"french horn"
 
-  R1*4 c1\f R1*6
+  R1*4 c'1\f R1*6
 }
 
-trombe =  \relative c' {
+trombe =  \relative {
   \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"trumpet"
 
   \clef bass
-  R1*5 c1\f R1*5
+  R1*5 c'1\f R1*5
 }
 
-timpani =  \relative c' {
+timpani =  \relative {
   \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"timpani"
 
-  R1*6 c1\f R1*4
+  R1*6 c'1\f R1*4
 }
 
-violinoI =  \relative c' {
+violinoI =  \relative {
   \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"violin"
 
-  R1*7 c1\f R1*3
+  R1*7 c'1\f R1*3
 }
 
-violinoII =  \relative c' {
+violinoII =  \relative {
   \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"violin"
   
-  R1*8 c1\f R1*2
+  R1*8 c'1\f R1*2
 }
 
-viola =  \relative c' {
+viola =  \relative {
   \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"viola"
 
   \clef alto
-  R1*9 c1\f R1*1
+  R1*9 c'1\f R1*1
 }
 
-violoncello =  \relative c' {
+violoncello =  \relative {
   \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"cello"
 				%\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"contrabass"
   
   \clef bass
-  R1*10 c1\f
+  R1*10 c'1\f
 }
 
 
diff --git a/input/regression/midi/key-initial.ly b/input/regression/midi/key-initial.ly
index 9dfe77b721..c2a14ae1da 100644
--- a/input/regression/midi/key-initial.ly
+++ b/input/regression/midi/key-initial.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 % Lily was here -- automatically converted by ../../../scripts/midi2ly.py from out/initial-key.midi
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \layout {
   \context {
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ trackA = <<
 >>
 
 
-trackBchannelA = \relative c {
+trackBchannelA = \relative {
   
   \set Staff.instrumentName = "trackB:voiceA"
   d'4 e f g 
diff --git a/input/regression/midi/key-option.ly b/input/regression/midi/key-option.ly
index 1978cc50c2..8028609900 100644
--- a/input/regression/midi/key-option.ly
+++ b/input/regression/midi/key-option.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 % Lily was here -- automatically converted by ../../../scripts/midi2ly.py from out-www/option-key.midi
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \layout {
   \context {
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ trackA = <<
 >>
 
 
-trackBchannelA = \relative c {
+trackBchannelA = \relative {
   
   \set Staff.instrumentName = "trackB:voiceA"
   f'4 g a bes 
diff --git a/input/regression/midi/rest.ly b/input/regression/midi/rest.ly
index 4aa3de56dd..3b770e9a91 100644
--- a/input/regression/midi/rest.ly
+++ b/input/regression/midi/rest.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 % Lily was here -- automatically converted by ../../../scripts/midi2ly.py from out-www/rest.midi
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \layout {
   \context {
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ trackA = <<
 >>
 
 
-trackBchannelA = \relative c {
+trackBchannelA = \relative {
   r4 
   \set Staff.instrumentName = "trackB:voiceA"
-  a r4 a 
+  a, r4 a 
   | % 2
   
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/midi/staff-map-instrument.ly b/input/regression/midi/staff-map-instrument.ly
index ce24b42cf1..1fae74c799 100644
--- a/input/regression/midi/staff-map-instrument.ly
+++ b/input/regression/midi/staff-map-instrument.ly
@@ -10,21 +10,21 @@ options=""
   <<
     \context Staff = "treble" <<
       \set Score.midiChannelMapping = #'instrument
-      \context Voice="one" \relative c'' {
+      \context Voice="one" \relative {
 	\time 4/4
 	\key c \minor
 	\voiceOne
 %comes
 %7
-	f8 es16 d c16 bes ! as g f8 as' g f 
+	f''8 es16 d c16 bes ! as g f8 as' g f 
 %8	es8 d es f b, c d b |
 	f,16 g as4 g16 f e2 |
       }
-      \context Voice="two" \relative c'' {
+      \context Voice="two" \relative {
 	\voiceTwo
 %dux
 %7
-	c4 r4 r8 f es d |
+	c''4 r4 r8 f es d |
 %8	r8 as g f g f16 es f8 d | 
 	<b, d>8 r <b d> r <g c>2 |
       }
diff --git a/input/regression/midi/staff-map-voice.ly b/input/regression/midi/staff-map-voice.ly
index 90d9c3ac68..114f37d3a9 100644
--- a/input/regression/midi/staff-map-voice.ly
+++ b/input/regression/midi/staff-map-voice.ly
@@ -10,21 +10,21 @@ options=""
   <<
     \context Staff = "treble" <<
       \set Score.midiChannelMapping = #'voice
-      \context Voice="one" \relative c'' {
+      \context Voice="one" \relative {
 	\time 4/4
 	\key c \minor
 	\voiceOne
 %comes
 %7
-	f8 es16 d c16 bes ! as g f8 as' g f 
+	f''8 es16 d c16 bes ! as g f8 as' g f 
 %8	es8 d es f b, c d b |
 	f,16 g as4 g16 f e2 |
       }
-      \context Voice="two" \relative c'' {
+      \context Voice="two" \relative {
 	\voiceTwo
 %dux
 %7
-	c4 r4 r8 f es d |
+	c''4 r4 r8 f es d |
 %8	r8 as g f g f16 es f8 d | 
 	<b, d>8 r <b d> r <g c>2 |
       }
diff --git a/input/regression/midi/voice-2.ly b/input/regression/midi/voice-2.ly
index be0c4f5bee..3bcd1f83af 100644
--- a/input/regression/midi/voice-2.ly
+++ b/input/regression/midi/voice-2.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 % Lily was here -- automatically converted by ../../../scripts/midi2ly.py from out-www/voice-2.midi
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \layout {
   \context {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ trackA = <<
 >>
 
 
-trackBchannelA = \relative c {
+trackBchannelA = \relative {
   \voiceOne
   
   \set Staff.instrumentName = ":1"
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ trackBchannelA = \relative c {
   
 }
 
-trackBchannelB = \relative c {
+trackBchannelB = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
   f' f f f 
   | % 2
diff --git a/input/regression/midi/voice-4.ly b/input/regression/midi/voice-4.ly
index 7ca89e9385..dfd2a603ab 100644
--- a/input/regression/midi/voice-4.ly
+++ b/input/regression/midi/voice-4.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 % Lily was here -- automatically converted by ../../../scripts/midi2ly.py from out-www/voice-4.midi
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \layout {
   \context {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ trackA = <<
 >>
 
 
-trackBchannelA = \relative c {
+trackBchannelA = \relative {
   \voiceOne
   
   \set Staff.instrumentName = ":1"
@@ -52,21 +52,21 @@ trackBchannelA = \relative c {
   
 }
 
-trackBchannelB = \relative c {
+trackBchannelB = \relative {
   \voiceThree
   c''4. d8 e4 f 
   | % 2
   
 }
 
-trackBchannelC = \relative c {
+trackBchannelC = \relative {
   \voiceFour
   d'1 
   | % 2
   
 }
 
-trackBchannelD = \relative c {
+trackBchannelD = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
   c'4 c2 c4 
   | % 2
diff --git a/input/regression/midi/voice-5.ly b/input/regression/midi/voice-5.ly
index f35f3c403f..64fa7b6609 100644
--- a/input/regression/midi/voice-5.ly
+++ b/input/regression/midi/voice-5.ly
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ trackA = <<
 >>
 
 
-trackBchannelA = \relative c {
+trackBchannelA = \relative {
   \voiceOne
   
   \set Staff.instrumentName = ":1"
@@ -52,21 +52,21 @@ trackBchannelA = \relative c {
   
 }
 
-trackBchannelB = \relative c {
+trackBchannelB = \relative {
   \voiceThree
   c''4. d8 e4 f 
   | % 2
   
 }
 
-trackBchannelC = \relative c {
+trackBchannelC = \relative {
   \voiceFour
   d'1 
   | % 2
   
 }
 
-trackBchannelD = \relative c {
+trackBchannelD = \relative {
   \voiceTwo
   c'4 c2 c4 
   | % 2
diff --git a/input/regression/mozart-hrn3-rondo.ily b/input/regression/mozart-hrn3-rondo.ily
index d62ab572df..df699aacf7 100644
--- a/input/regression/mozart-hrn3-rondo.ily
+++ b/input/regression/mozart-hrn3-rondo.ily
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ lipbreaker = \relative {
   c[ c c] c[ c c]
 }
 
-rondo = \relative c' {
+rondo = \relative {
   \partial 8
   \time 6/8
   \key c \major
diff --git a/input/regression/no-staff.ly b/input/regression/no-staff.ly
index 7d18f1af19..7d3ad7ef91 100644
--- a/input/regression/no-staff.ly
+++ b/input/regression/no-staff.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.15"
+\version "2.19.21"
 % possible rename to staff-something.  -gp
 
 \header{ texidoc = "@cindex Staff Remove
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ corresponding engraver.
     ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c' \new Staff \with {
+\relative \new Staff \with {
 	\remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
 	\consists "Pitch_squash_engraver"
 	\remove "Clef_engraver"
     } {
-	c4 d4 e8 d8
+	c'4 d4 e8 d8
     }
 
 
diff --git a/input/regression/override-nest-scheme.ly b/input/regression/override-nest-scheme.ly
index 03a710b679..f658a529c5 100644
--- a/input/regression/override-nest-scheme.ly
+++ b/input/regression/override-nest-scheme.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "A sublist of grob property lists may be overridden within a callback.
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
   of the right bound of the glissando spanner."
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override Glissando.after-line-breaking =
     #(lambda (grob)
        (ly:grob-set-nested-property! grob '(bound-details right Y) 3))
-  c1 \glissando
+  c'1 \glissando
   d1
 }
 
diff --git a/input/regression/override-nest.ly b/input/regression/override-nest.ly
index 117e6c2447..ba5ed09062 100644
--- a/input/regression/override-nest.ly
+++ b/input/regression/override-nest.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Sublist of grob property lists may be also tuned.  In the
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ next example, the @code{beamed-lengths} property of the @code{Stem}
 grob is tweaked."
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override Stem.details.beamed-lengths = #'(6 10 8)
-  c8[ c] c16[ c] c32[ c]
+  c'8[ c] c16[ c] c32[ c]
   \revert Stem.details.beamed-lengths
   c8[ c] c16[ c] c32[ c]
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/page-breaks.ly b/input/regression/page-breaks.ly
index e47a85f142..441579a44a 100644
--- a/input/regression/page-breaks.ly
+++ b/input/regression/page-breaks.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
 
 \book {    
   \score {
-    \new Staff \relative c' {
+    \new Staff \relative {
       %% 19: ideally cramped
       %% Calculating page breaks...[6][11][16]
       %%\repeat unfold 19 { a b c d \break }
diff --git a/input/regression/page-headers-and-footers.ly b/input/regression/page-headers-and-footers.ly
index f50c73c822..01e154160a 100644
--- a/input/regression/page-headers-and-footers.ly
+++ b/input/regression/page-headers-and-footers.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 
 \book {
   \score {
-    \new Staff \relative c' {
+    \new Staff \relative {
       \repeat unfold 18 { a b c d \break }
     }
   }
diff --git a/input/regression/page-layout.ly b/input/regression/page-layout.ly
index 655d34a6d9..4eafd885a0 100644
--- a/input/regression/page-layout.ly
+++ b/input/regression/page-layout.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 
 
@@ -45,18 +45,18 @@ This file is best viewed outside the collated files document.
 
 \book {
     \score {
-        \relative c'' {
+        \relative {
             \repeat unfold 10 {
-                \repeat unfold 4 {c4}
+                \repeat unfold 4 {c''4}
             }
         }
         \header {piece = "Piece I"}
         \layout {line-width = 13\cm}
     }
     \score {
-        \relative c'' {
+        \relative {
             \repeat unfold 10 {
-                \repeat unfold 4 {c4}
+                \repeat unfold 4 {c''4}
             }
         }
         \header {
diff --git a/input/regression/page-spacing-system-count.ly b/input/regression/page-spacing-system-count.ly
index 4c2c60ac0d..935baf8ead 100644
--- a/input/regression/page-spacing-system-count.ly
+++ b/input/regression/page-spacing-system-count.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Page layout and stretching work with system-count enabled."
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 \book {
   \score {
     <<
-      \relative c'' { \repeat unfold 10 c1 }
-      \relative c'' { \repeat unfold 10 c1 }
-      \relative c'' { \repeat unfold 10 c1 }
+      \relative { \repeat unfold 10 c''1 }
+      \relative { \repeat unfold 10 c''1 }
+      \relative { \repeat unfold 10 c''1 }
     >>
   }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/page-turn-page-breaking-auto-first-page.ly b/input/regression/page-turn-page-breaking-auto-first-page.ly
index fcee7676c8..e766c885e3 100644
--- a/input/regression/page-turn-page-breaking-auto-first-page.ly
+++ b/input/regression/page-turn-page-breaking-auto-first-page.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "By default, we start with page 1, which is on the right hand side
@@ -17,6 +17,6 @@ number to 2 in order to avoid a bad page turn."
 
 \book {
   \score {
-    \relative c' {\repeat unfold 60 {a b c d}}
+    \relative {\repeat unfold 60 {a b c d}}
   }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/page-turn-page-breaking-repeats.ly b/input/regression/page-turn-page-breaking-repeats.ly
index f007c9ba90..3c5d0a6dc4 100644
--- a/input/regression/page-turn-page-breaking-repeats.ly
+++ b/input/regression/page-turn-page-breaking-repeats.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "The page-turn engraver will not count potential page
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ long gap at the beginning or at the end of the repeat.
   }
 
   \score {
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       \set Score.skipBars = ##t
       % this should be kept on one page
       \repeat volta 2 {
diff --git a/input/regression/paper-margins-consistency.ly b/input/regression/paper-margins-consistency.ly
index 3bb25d7907..91a13d5468 100644
--- a/input/regression/paper-margins-consistency.ly
+++ b/input/regression/paper-margins-consistency.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 #(ly:set-option 'warning-as-error #f)
 #(ly:expect-warning (_ "margins do not fit with line-width, setting default values"))
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ line-width + left-margin + right-margin.  In case they do not, default margins
 are set and a warning is printed."
 }
 
-someNotes = \relative c' { \repeat unfold 40 { c4 d e f } }
+someNotes = \relative { \repeat unfold 40 { c'4 d e f } }
 
 \paper {
   left-margin = 20 \mm
diff --git a/input/regression/paper-margins-left-margin.ly b/input/regression/paper-margins-left-margin.ly
index 8444b78fad..524509eadd 100644
--- a/input/regression/paper-margins-left-margin.ly
+++ b/input/regression/paper-margins-left-margin.ly
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Here only left-margin is given, right-margin will remain default."
 }
 
-someNotes = \relative c' { \repeat unfold 40 { c4 d e f } }
+someNotes = \relative { \repeat unfold 40 { c'4 d e f } }
 
 \paper {
   #(set-paper-size (ly:get-option 'paper-size))
diff --git a/input/regression/paper-margins-line-width.ly b/input/regression/paper-margins-line-width.ly
index d32cbd5f50..2a0fffc6c5 100644
--- a/input/regression/paper-margins-line-width.ly
+++ b/input/regression/paper-margins-line-width.ly
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "If only line-width is given, systems are horizontally centered."
 }
 
-someNotes = \relative c' { \repeat unfold 40 { c4 d e f } }
+someNotes = \relative { \repeat unfold 40 { c'4 d e f } }
 
 \paper {
   line-width = 100 \mm
diff --git a/input/regression/paper-margins-no-checks.ly b/input/regression/paper-margins-no-checks.ly
index 9409ce6897..ff7d3bfd6e 100644
--- a/input/regression/paper-margins-no-checks.ly
+++ b/input/regression/paper-margins-no-checks.ly
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "All checks can be avoided by setting check-consistency to ##f in \paper."
 }
 
-someNotes = \relative c' { \repeat unfold 40 { c4 d e f } }
+someNotes = \relative { \repeat unfold 40 { c'4 d e f } }
 
 \paper {
   left-margin = 20 \mm
diff --git a/input/regression/paper-margins-overrun.ly b/input/regression/paper-margins-overrun.ly
index 95f33f341f..6c929233e6 100644
--- a/input/regression/paper-margins-overrun.ly
+++ b/input/regression/paper-margins-overrun.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 #(ly:set-option 'warning-as-error #f)
 #(ly:expect-warning (_ "systems run off the page due to improper paper settings, setting default values"))
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 #(set-default-paper-size "a4")
 
-someNotes = \relative c' { \repeat unfold 40 { c4 d e f } }
+someNotes = \relative { \repeat unfold 40 { c'4 d e f } }
 
 \paper {
   left-margin = 20 \mm
diff --git a/input/regression/paper-margins-right-margin.ly b/input/regression/paper-margins-right-margin.ly
index c4a5361ca0..2e71aa7681 100644
--- a/input/regression/paper-margins-right-margin.ly
+++ b/input/regression/paper-margins-right-margin.ly
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Here only right-margin is given, left-margin will remain default."
 }
 
-someNotes = \relative c' { \repeat unfold 40 { c4 d e f } }
+someNotes = \relative { \repeat unfold 40 { c'4 d e f } }
 
 \paper {
   #(set-paper-size (ly:get-option 'paper-size))
diff --git a/input/regression/paper-margins.ly b/input/regression/paper-margins.ly
index 192d2cdc73..c0adb02f9a 100644
--- a/input/regression/paper-margins.ly
+++ b/input/regression/paper-margins.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Paper margin settings do not have to be complete.
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Missing values are added automatically.  If no paper settings
 are specified, default values are used."
 }
 
-someNotes = \relative c' { \repeat unfold 40 { c4 d e f } }
+someNotes = \relative { \repeat unfold 40 { c'4 d e f } }
 
 \paper {
   #(set-paper-size (ly:get-option 'paper-size))
diff --git a/input/regression/paper-nested-override2.ly b/input/regression/paper-nested-override2.ly
index 3c1a6c8838..a444718e39 100644
--- a/input/regression/paper-nested-override2.ly
+++ b/input/regression/paper-nested-override2.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.12"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Setting individual nested paper properties does not
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ remove existing settings or break spacing annotation."
     system-system-spacing = #'((basic-distance . 12) (minimum-distance . 8))
     system-system-spacing.padding = #1
   }
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \repeat unfold 10 { a4 d e f }
   }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/paper-twosided-bcorr.ly b/input/regression/paper-twosided-bcorr.ly
index ff61296161..178f4aa66e 100644
--- a/input/regression/paper-twosided-bcorr.ly
+++ b/input/regression/paper-twosided-bcorr.ly
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "In two-sided mode, a binding offset can be specified, which is added
 to the inner margin automatically."
 }
 
-someNotes = \relative c' { \repeat unfold 200 { c4 d e f } }
+someNotes = \relative { \repeat unfold 200 { c'4 d e f } }
 
 \paper {
   two-sided = ##t
diff --git a/input/regression/paper-twosided.ly b/input/regression/paper-twosided.ly
index fbc11a17aa..0a32dd3531 100644
--- a/input/regression/paper-twosided.ly
+++ b/input/regression/paper-twosided.ly
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Two-sided mode allows you to use different margins for
 odd and even pages."
 }
 
-someNotes = \relative c' { \repeat unfold 200 { c4 d e f } }
+someNotes = \relative { \repeat unfold 200 { c'4 d e f } }
 
 \paper {
   two-sided = ##t
diff --git a/input/regression/part-combine-text-wait.ly b/input/regression/part-combine-text-wait.ly
index 7e1ec339c7..5e44e32597 100644
--- a/input/regression/part-combine-text-wait.ly
+++ b/input/regression/part-combine-text-wait.ly
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ rests and then a solo."
 
 \layout { ragged-right = ##t }
 
-mI = \relative c'' {
+mI = \relative {
   \set Score.partCombineTextsOnNote = ##t
-  g4 \partcombineSoloI r4 c2 |
+  g'4 \partcombineSoloI r4 c2 |
   \partcombineSoloII R1*2 |
 }
 mII = \relative {
diff --git a/input/regression/part-combine-tuplet-end.ly b/input/regression/part-combine-tuplet-end.ly
index ee748443da..6d31af0baa 100644
--- a/input/regression/part-combine-tuplet-end.ly
+++ b/input/regression/part-combine-tuplet-end.ly
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ even after a switch, a tuplet ends correctly."
 
 \new Staff <<
   \partcombine
-  \relative c'' {
+  \relative {
     r2
-    \tuplet 3/2 { g8[ g g] }
+    \tuplet 3/2 { g'8[ g g] }
     \tuplet 3/2 { g[ g g] } g1
   }
   \relative { R1 g'1 }
diff --git a/input/regression/part-combine-tuplet-single.ly b/input/regression/part-combine-tuplet-single.ly
index 1cdd5009e7..4aadb72e94 100644
--- a/input/regression/part-combine-tuplet-single.ly
+++ b/input/regression/part-combine-tuplet-single.ly
@@ -5,17 +5,17 @@
 
 \paper { ragged-right = ##T }
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \score {
   <<
     \new Staff {
       \partcombine
-      \relative c'' {
-        \tuplet 3/2 { d4 d d ~ } d2
+      \relative {
+        \tuplet 3/2 { d''4 d d ~ } d2
       }
-      \relative c'' {
-        \tuplet 3/2 { b4 a g ~ } g2
+      \relative {
+        \tuplet 3/2 { b'4 a g ~ } g2
       }
     }
   >>
diff --git a/input/regression/partial-polymetric.ly b/input/regression/partial-polymetric.ly
index cccf47e98c..98f658be50 100644
--- a/input/regression/partial-polymetric.ly
+++ b/input/regression/partial-polymetric.ly
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "@code{\\partial} works with polymetric staves."
 }
 
 \score {
-  \relative c' <<
+  \relative <<
     \new Staff {
       \partial 4
-      c4 |
+      c'4 |
       c4 c c c |
     }
     \new Staff {
diff --git a/input/regression/pedal-bracket.ly b/input/regression/pedal-bracket.ly
index f7f6319c43..e4cffe9494 100644
--- a/input/regression/pedal-bracket.ly
+++ b/input/regression/pedal-bracket.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ At a line-break, there are no vertical endings.  Pedal changes can
 be placed at spacer rests." }
 
 \score {
-     \relative c'' {
+     \relative {
         \set Staff.pedalSustainStyle = #'bracket
 
-        c4 d <e f b,> \sustainOn b c c, \sustainOff \sustainOn  d8[ c]  e8[
+        c''4 d <e f b,> \sustainOn b c c, \sustainOff \sustainOn  d8[ c]  e8[
             e \sustainOff \sustainOn]  f4 r \sustainOff
             g \sustainOn bes bes, \sustainOff c'
 
diff --git a/input/regression/phrasing-slur-tuplet.ly b/input/regression/phrasing-slur-tuplet.ly
index 0f5aa8302a..10aa1e9a7e 100644
--- a/input/regression/phrasing-slur-tuplet.ly
+++ b/input/regression/phrasing-slur-tuplet.ly
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Phrasing slurs do not collide with tuplet numbers."
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \voiceOne
   \tuplet 3/2 {
-    c8\( b c
+    c''8\( b c
   }
   a2.\)
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/property-nested-override.ly b/input/regression/property-nested-override.ly
index 0d8be92357..491e4a12d9 100644
--- a/input/regression/property-nested-override.ly
+++ b/input/regression/property-nested-override.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.2"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
   texidoc = "Nested properties may be overridden using Scheme list
 syntax.  This test performs two property overrides: the first
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ list.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \once \override TextSpanner.bound-details.left.text = #"foo"
-  c4\startTextSpan
+  c'4\startTextSpan
   \once \override Tie.details.note-head-gap = #1
   c4 ~ 4 c\stopTextSpan
   
diff --git a/input/regression/quote-tuplet.ly b/input/regression/quote-tuplet.ly
index 420f8641ba..cfbba5516c 100644
--- a/input/regression/quote-tuplet.ly
+++ b/input/regression/quote-tuplet.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 
 }
 
-foo = \relative c' {
-  \tuplet 3/2 { c4 c c } \tuplet 3/2 { c4 c c }
+foo = \relative {
+  \tuplet 3/2 { c'4 c c } \tuplet 3/2 { c4 c c }
 }
 
 \addQuote "foo" { \foo }
diff --git a/input/regression/rehearsal-mark-align-priority.ly b/input/regression/rehearsal-mark-align-priority.ly
index d5cdfa8503..14835c95c3 100644
--- a/input/regression/rehearsal-mark-align-priority.ly
+++ b/input/regression/rehearsal-mark-align-priority.ly
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
   the alignment depends on which symbols are visible."
 }
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
   
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override Score.RehearsalMark.break-align-symbols = #'(clef key-signature staff-bar)
-  c1
+  c'1
   \clef "bass"
   \mark "clef"
   \noBreak
diff --git a/input/regression/relative.ly b/input/regression/relative.ly
index e5f0faea9b..e0ddf83a71 100644
--- a/input/regression/relative.ly
+++ b/input/regression/relative.ly
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
   texidoc = "Notes are entered using absolute octaves,
 octaves relative to the previous note, or relative to a fixed octave."
   }
-\version "2.19.20"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \new Staff {
-  \relative c'' { c4 g \absolute { c'' } e' \fixed c'' { g1 }}
-  \fixed c'' { c4 \fixed c' { g } c e \relative c''' { g1 } }
-  \clef bass \relative c { c4 g c e g1 }
+  \relative { c''4 g \absolute { c'' } e' \fixed c'' { g1 }}
+  \fixed c'' { c4 \fixed c' { g } c e \relative { g''1 } }
+  \clef bass \relative { c4 g c e g1 }
   \fixed c { c4 g, c e g1 }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/repeat-percent-count-visibility.ly b/input/regression/repeat-percent-count-visibility.ly
index e4d986d6a3..9a1e69b4ec 100644
--- a/input/regression/repeat-percent-count-visibility.ly
+++ b/input/regression/repeat-percent-count-visibility.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
   texidoc = "
 Percent repeat counters can be shown at regular
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ intervals by setting @code{repeatCountVisibility}.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \set countPercentRepeats = ##t
   \set repeatCountVisibility = #(every-nth-repeat-count-visible 5)
-  \repeat percent 10 { c1 } \break
+  \repeat percent 10 { c''1 } \break
   \set repeatCountVisibility = #(every-nth-repeat-count-visible 2)
   \repeat percent 6 { c1 d1 }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/repeat-percent-grace.ly b/input/regression/repeat-percent-grace.ly
index baa5fc134f..d1eb1e320b 100644
--- a/input/regression/repeat-percent-grace.ly
+++ b/input/regression/repeat-percent-grace.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.15"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Percent repeats are also centered when there is a grace note in a parallel staff. "
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
   ragged-right =##t
 }
 
-\relative c' <<
-  \new Staff { \repeat percent 3 c1} 
+\relative <<
+  \new Staff { \repeat percent 3 c'1} 
   \new Staff { c1 c \grace b8 c1  }
 >>
diff --git a/input/regression/repeat-slash-mixed.ly b/input/regression/repeat-slash-mixed.ly
index 3c0decb5e3..a29e2aafe6 100644
--- a/input/regression/repeat-slash-mixed.ly
+++ b/input/regression/repeat-slash-mixed.ly
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Beat repeats for patterns containing mixed durations use
 a double percent symbol."
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \repeat percent 4 {
-    c8. <d f>16
+    c'8. <d f>16
   }
   \repeat percent 2 {
     \tuplet 3/2 {
diff --git a/input/regression/repeat-slash-multi.ly b/input/regression/repeat-slash-multi.ly
index eb77b49ac6..c8e5b71751 100644
--- a/input/regression/repeat-slash-multi.ly
+++ b/input/regression/repeat-slash-multi.ly
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Beat repeats for patterns containing identical durations
 shorter than an eighth note use multiple slashes."
 }
 
-\relative c' {
-  \repeat percent 2 { c16 d e f }
+\relative {
+  \repeat percent 2 { c'16 d e f }
   \repeat percent 4 { c32 e g e }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/repeat-tremolo-one-note-articulation.ly b/input/regression/repeat-tremolo-one-note-articulation.ly
index cdd03934c7..29d2e0e1be 100644
--- a/input/regression/repeat-tremolo-one-note-articulation.ly
+++ b/input/regression/repeat-tremolo-one-note-articulation.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "A tremolo repeat containing only one note (no sequential music)
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 
 \paper { ragged-right = ##t }
 \score {
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
-    \repeat tremolo 4 { a16 }
+  \new Staff \relative {
+    \repeat tremolo 4 { a'16 }
     \repeat tremolo 4 { a16\f }
     \repeat tremolo 4 a16
     \repeat tremolo 4 a16\f |
diff --git a/input/regression/repeat-tremolo-three-notes.ly b/input/regression/repeat-tremolo-three-notes.ly
index 44285f6c9e..7bd23c9e5f 100644
--- a/input/regression/repeat-tremolo-three-notes.ly
+++ b/input/regression/repeat-tremolo-three-notes.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "A tremolo can have more than two notes. Also check that
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ linebreaks between tremolos still work and that empty tremolos don't crash."
 
 \paper { ragged-right = ##t }
 \score {
-  \new Staff \relative c' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \time 3/4
     \repeat tremolo 16 { a64 c e } |
     \repeat tremolo 8 { a,64 c e }
diff --git a/input/regression/repeat-unfold.ly b/input/regression/repeat-unfold.ly
index 5002991829..621608a0b4 100644
--- a/input/regression/repeat-unfold.ly
+++ b/input/regression/repeat-unfold.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 #(ly:set-option 'warning-as-error #f)
 #(ly:expect-warning (_ "More alternatives than repeats.  Junking excess alternatives"))
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ get to the number of repeats.
 Unfolded behavior:"
 }
 
-\context Voice \relative c'' {
-  \repeat unfold 3 { c^"3x 0a" d }
+\context Voice \relative {
+  \repeat unfold 3 { c''^"3x 0a" d }
   %% less alts than body
   \repeat unfold 4 { c^"4x 0a" d } \alternative { e f }
   %% more alts than body
diff --git a/input/regression/repeat-volta-skip-alternatives.ly b/input/regression/repeat-volta-skip-alternatives.ly
index 6f4e422002..db52a0fd1e 100644
--- a/input/regression/repeat-volta-skip-alternatives.ly
+++ b/input/regression/repeat-volta-skip-alternatives.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
 
     texidoc = "When too few alternatives are present, the first
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ alternative is repeated, by printing a range for the 1st repeat."
 \paper { ragged-right = ##t } 
 
 
-\relative c'' \context Voice {
-  \repeat volta 3 c1
+\relative \context Voice {
+  \repeat volta 3 c''1
     \alternative { d f } e4
 } 
 
diff --git a/input/regression/repeat-volta.ly b/input/regression/repeat-volta.ly
index 9d6011d64b..8ec1944706 100644
--- a/input/regression/repeat-volta.ly
+++ b/input/regression/repeat-volta.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 #(ly:set-option 'warning-as-error #f)
 #(ly:expect-warning (_ "More alternatives than repeats.  Junking excess alternatives"))
 
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ If they don't barlines should still be shown.
 
 %%  no alts.
 
-\context Voice \relative c'' {
+\context Voice \relative {
   %% repeat non aligning with barlines.
-  \repeat volta 3 { c^"3x 0alt" d e }
+  \repeat volta 3 { c''^"3x 0alt" d e }
   %% less alts than body
   \repeat volta 4 { c^"4x 2alt" d } \alternative { e f }
   %% more alts than body
diff --git a/input/regression/rest-collision-beam-restdir.ly b/input/regression/rest-collision-beam-restdir.ly
index 24cc53d8c8..693915f67c 100644
--- a/input/regression/rest-collision-beam-restdir.ly
+++ b/input/regression/rest-collision-beam-restdir.ly
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@
 account properly."
 }
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \paper {
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
 
-\relative c''' {
+\relative {
   \override Rest.direction = #UP
-  \stemDown b8[ r b]
+  \stemDown b''8[ r b]
   \override Rest.direction = #DOWN
   \stemDown b8[ r b]
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/rest-collision-beam.ly b/input/regression/rest-collision-beam.ly
index 2dd30d5563..b14eb6df57 100644
--- a/input/regression/rest-collision-beam.ly
+++ b/input/regression/rest-collision-beam.ly
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
 collision."
 
 }
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \paper {
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
   
-\relative c''' {
-  \stemDown b8[ r b]
+\relative {
+  \stemDown b''8[ r b]
   \stemUp b,,8[ r b] 
 }
 
diff --git a/input/regression/script-horizontal-slur.ly b/input/regression/script-horizontal-slur.ly
index 6cf552ac5f..54cb8e7899 100644
--- a/input/regression/script-horizontal-slur.ly
+++ b/input/regression/script-horizontal-slur.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Horizontal scripts don't have @code{avoid-slur} set."
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c'' { 
+\relative { 
   \set fingeringOrientations = #'(right)
-  < a-1 d-2>2
+  < a'-1 d-2>2
   < a-1 d-2>2
   < a-1 d-2>2(
   < a-1 d-2>2)
diff --git a/input/regression/script-shift.ly b/input/regression/script-shift.ly
index 1877fcd0a5..3fef1d8e54 100644
--- a/input/regression/script-shift.ly
+++ b/input/regression/script-shift.ly
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ means centered on the stem).
 "
 }
 
-\version "2.19.16"
-\relative c''
+\version "2.19.21"
+\relative
 {
   \override Script.toward-stem-shift = #1.0
-  a4^> c_>
+  a'4^> c_>
 
   \override Script.toward-stem-shift = #0.0
   a4^> c_>
diff --git a/input/regression/script-stack-horizontal.ly b/input/regression/script-stack-horizontal.ly
index d307d9cf7b..766b24c18e 100644
--- a/input/regression/script-stack-horizontal.ly
+++ b/input/regression/script-stack-horizontal.ly
@@ -8,17 +8,17 @@ The scripts should not be folded under the time signature.
 "
   
 }
-\version "2.17.15"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper {
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c' 
+\relative 
 {
   \set stringNumberOrientations = #'(left) 
   \set fingeringOrientations = #'(left) 
   \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(left) 
-  <cis-1\4
+  <cis'-1\4
    -\rightHandFinger #1 f>\arpeggio
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/set-once.ly b/input/regression/set-once.ly
index ad65384e70..b9fc811928 100644
--- a/input/regression/set-once.ly
+++ b/input/regression/set-once.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.15"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 and then return to the previous value."
 
 }
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \set fingeringOrientations = #'(left)
-  <e-1>1 |
+  <e'-1>1 |
   \once \set fingeringOrientations = #'(right)
   <e-1> |
   <e-1> -"left" |
diff --git a/input/regression/skiptypesetting-tuplet.ly b/input/regression/skiptypesetting-tuplet.ly
index b2f6262915..09dd0db4fc 100644
--- a/input/regression/skiptypesetting-tuplet.ly
+++ b/input/regression/skiptypesetting-tuplet.ly
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
 }
 
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \paper {
   ragged-right = ##T
 }
 
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \set Score.skipTypesetting = ##t
-  \tuplet 3/2 { c8 c c } \tuplet 3/2 { c c c }
+  \tuplet 3/2 { c'8 c c } \tuplet 3/2 { c c c }
   \tuplet 3/2 { c c c } \tuplet 3/2 { c c c}
   \set Score.skipTypesetting = ##f
   d1 \break
diff --git a/input/regression/skyline-vertical-placement.ly b/input/regression/skyline-vertical-placement.ly
index 49c0376092..77eb9e75b5 100644
--- a/input/regression/skyline-vertical-placement.ly
+++ b/input/regression/skyline-vertical-placement.ly
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ using a skyline algorithm so that they don't collide with other objects."
 
 \layout {ragged-right = ##t}
 
-\version "2.17.6"
-\relative c''' {
+\version "2.19.21"
+\relative {
   \override Score.PaperColumn.keep-inside-line = ##f
   \override TextScript.outside-staff-priority = #2
   \override DynamicLineSpanner.outside-staff-priority = #1
-  c
+  c'''
   \once \override TextScript.self-alignment-X = #CENTER
   a,^"this doesn't collide with the c"
   b^"this goes above the previous markup"
diff --git a/input/regression/slur-double.ly b/input/regression/slur-double.ly
index f76ece0919..79cc524f3e 100644
--- a/input/regression/slur-double.ly
+++ b/input/regression/slur-double.ly
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
     texidoc = "Some composers use slurs both above and below chords.
  This can be typeset by setting @code{doubleSlurs}"
 }
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \layout { ragged-right = ##t }
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
     \set doubleSlurs = ##t
-    <c e>4 ( <d f> <c e> <d f> )
+    <c' e>4 ( <d f> <c e> <d f> )
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/slur-extreme.ly b/input/regression/slur-extreme.ly
index a1380cf539..ddf31c4e0c 100644
--- a/input/regression/slur-extreme.ly
+++ b/input/regression/slur-extreme.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Asymmetric slurs are created by setting @code{eccentricity}."
     ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-baseWalk =  \relative c {
+baseWalk =  \relative {
     \time 6/4
     \stemDown
     \slurUp
diff --git a/input/regression/slur-flag.ly b/input/regression/slur-flag.ly
index 200595c373..6f208e3a7e 100644
--- a/input/regression/slur-flag.ly
+++ b/input/regression/slur-flag.ly
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Slurs take flag extents into account.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \stemUp
   \slurUp
-  b8( c)
+  b'8( c)
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/slur-manual.ly b/input/regression/slur-manual.ly
index 4a9cf8d94f..a3b17d7eca 100644
--- a/input/regression/slur-manual.ly
+++ b/input/regression/slur-manual.ly
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ positioning of the slur. It selects the slur configuration closest to
 the given pair. "
   
   }
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper { ragged-right = ##T }
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override Slur.positions = #'(-4 . -5)
-  e( f g)
+  e'( f g)
 }
 
diff --git a/input/regression/slur-tuplet.ly b/input/regression/slur-tuplet.ly
index 202ea32713..2003e95247 100644
--- a/input/regression/slur-tuplet.ly
+++ b/input/regression/slur-tuplet.ly
@@ -5,20 +5,20 @@ This may not work if the slur starts after the tuplet.  "
   
 }
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper {
   ragged-right = ##t
 %  #(define debug-slur-scoring #t)
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \slurUp
   \override TupletBracket.bracket-visibility = ##f
   \override Slur.details.region-size  = #6
   
   \tuplet 3/2
   {
-    c(  g'  c,)
+    c'(  g'  c,)
   }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/slur-vestigial-outside-staff-callback.ly b/input/regression/slur-vestigial-outside-staff-callback.ly
index a858017427..4bbc38bf64 100644
--- a/input/regression/slur-vestigial-outside-staff-callback.ly
+++ b/input/regression/slur-vestigial-outside-staff-callback.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Outside staff callbacks that no longer apply to grobs
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ the first and second examples.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up)
   \override StrokeFinger.avoid-slur = #'outside
   \autoBeamOff
-  <a-\rightHandFinger #2 >16 b
+  <a'-\rightHandFinger #2 >16 b
   <a-\rightHandFinger #2 >16( b)
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/song-reordering.ly b/input/regression/song-reordering.ly
index 1c9083597b..0ab48bd91a 100644
--- a/input/regression/song-reordering.ly
+++ b/input/regression/song-reordering.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.15"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
   texidoc="Festival song synthesis output supports
 reordered lyrics.
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ reordered lyrics.
 
 \festival #"song-reordering.xml" { \tempo 4 = 100 }
 <<
-  \relative c' \context Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative \context Voice = "lahlah" {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    c4
+    c'4
     <<
       \context Voice = alternative {
         \voiceOne
diff --git a/input/regression/song-reordering2.ly b/input/regression/song-reordering2.ly
index 57595c22ad..800df58cfa 100644
--- a/input/regression/song-reordering2.ly
+++ b/input/regression/song-reordering2.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.15"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
   texidoc="Festival song synthesis output supports
 reordered lyrics.
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ reordered lyrics.
 
 \festival #"song-reordering2.xml" { \tempo 4 = 100 }
 <<
-  \relative c' \context Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative \context Voice = "lahlah" {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    c4
+    c'4
     <<
       {
         \voiceTwo
diff --git a/input/regression/song-slurs.ly b/input/regression/song-slurs.ly
index 25aba696f5..a2237cfa88 100644
--- a/input/regression/song-slurs.ly
+++ b/input/regression/song-slurs.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.15"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
   texidoc="Festival song synthesis output supports
 slurs.
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ slurs.
 
 \festival #"song-slurs.xml" { \tempo 4 = 100 }
 <<
-  \relative c' \context Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative \context Voice = "lahlah" {
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-    c4
+    c'4
     \slurDotted
     f8.[( g16])
     a4
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-accidental-stretch.ly b/input/regression/spacing-accidental-stretch.ly
index 02312f6042..d3adf5da16 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-accidental-stretch.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-accidental-stretch.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Accidentals do not influence the amount of stretchable space.
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ The accidental does add a little non-stretchable space.
 \layout {
   line-width = 18.\cm
 }
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \accidentalStyle piano-cautionary
   \time 2/4 
-  d16 d d d d d cis d dis dis dis dis 
+  d''16 d d d d d cis d dis dis dis dis 
   
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-bar-accidental.ly b/input/regression/spacing-bar-accidental.ly
index 98c26482e7..a1fac72478 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-bar-accidental.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-bar-accidental.ly
@@ -5,19 +5,19 @@
 }
 
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \layout{
   ragged-right = ##t 
 }
 
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Score.NonMusicalPaperColumn.stencil = #ly:paper-column::print
   \override Score.NonMusicalPaperColumn.layer = #2
   
   \time 2/4
   \stemUp
   s2
-  c4 r4
+  c''4 r4
   cis4 r4 
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-bar-stem.ly b/input/regression/spacing-bar-stem.ly
index 2567773e83..3f2915992a 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-bar-stem.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-bar-stem.ly
@@ -9,19 +9,19 @@ to 1.5 staff space."
 }
 
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \layout{
   ragged-right = ##t 
 }
 
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Score.NonMusicalPaperColumn.stencil = #ly:paper-column::print
   \override Score.NonMusicalPaperColumn.layer = #2
   
   \time 2/4
   \stemDown
   s2
-  e4 s4 
+  e''4 s4 
   e,4 s4
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-bar-whole-measure.ly b/input/regression/spacing-bar-whole-measure.ly
index a8503b1a32..c790cd8670 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-bar-whole-measure.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-bar-whole-measure.ly
@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
   
   }
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \layout{
   ragged-right=##t
 }
 
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \override Score.NonMusicalPaperColumn.stencil = #ly:paper-column::print
   \override Score.NonMusicalPaperColumn.layer = #1
   
   \time 4/4
   s1
-  c2. c4
+  c'2. c4
   \time 3/4
   s2.
   c2.
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-folded-clef-cross-staff.ly b/input/regression/spacing-folded-clef-cross-staff.ly
index 7ed718561b..32eef70cfc 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-folded-clef-cross-staff.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-folded-clef-cross-staff.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
     texidoc = "Clefs are also folded under cross staff constructs."
 }
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
 
 \context PianoStaff <<
   \new Staff = "up"
-  \relative c'' <<
+  \relative <<
     {
       \stemDown
-      f16[ \change Staff = down \stemUp
+      f''16[ \change Staff = down \stemUp
       \clef treble g,]
 
     } \\
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-horizontal-skyline.ly b/input/regression/spacing-horizontal-skyline.ly
index 27c0fa8685..d413976200 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-horizontal-skyline.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-horizontal-skyline.ly
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 
   texidoc = "accidentals may be folded under preceding notes."
   }
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper {
   ragged-right = ##t
   }
 
-\relative c''' {
-  \stemUp c4...*1/2
+\relative {
+  \stemUp c'''4...*1/2
 
   ceses,,!
   eses!
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-loose-polyphony.ly b/input/regression/spacing-loose-polyphony.ly
index ce56c5f8be..c13677b32d 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-loose-polyphony.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-loose-polyphony.ly
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ correctly in polyphonic music.
 }
 
 \new PianoStaff <<
-  \new Staff \relative c' {
+  \new Staff \relative {
     \tuplet 3/2 { g'4 a2 }
   }
   \new Staff \relative {
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-mark-width.ly b/input/regression/spacing-mark-width.ly
index 8010f4edfb..1539b901ce 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-mark-width.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-mark-width.ly
@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@
 
 }
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper {
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c''
+\relative
 {
   \override Score.RehearsalMark.break-visibility = #begin-of-line-invisible
-  c1
+  c''1
   \mark "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx "
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-multi-tuplet.ly b/input/regression/spacing-multi-tuplet.ly
index 4c84dad0d8..0f11ac8677 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-multi-tuplet.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-multi-tuplet.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
  \header{
 
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
 
 \paper {ragged-right = ##f }
 
-\relative c' { 
+\relative { 
   \context StaffGroup << 
     \new Staff  \context Voice { 
-      \tuplet 10/8 {  c8[ c c c c c c c c c] }
+      \tuplet 10/8 {  c'8[ c c c c c c c c c] }
     }
     \new Staff  \context Voice { 
       \tuplet 8/8 {  c8[ c c c c c c c] }
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-note-flags.ly b/input/regression/spacing-note-flags.ly
index 9771c636a8..81c03b14f8 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-note-flags.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-note-flags.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c'' \context Staff {
+\relative \context Staff {
   \set autoBeaming = ##f
-  a8[ a8 a8 a8]
+  a'8[ a8 a8 a8]
   a8 a8 a8 a8
 }
 
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-packed.ly b/input/regression/spacing-packed.ly
index d3a01b6f92..e5d415761f 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-packed.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-packed.ly
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
 "
   }
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override Score.SpacingSpanner.packed-spacing = ##t
-  c2 d4 f8[ g] a
+  c'2 d4 f8[ g] a
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-proportional.ly b/input/regression/spacing-proportional.ly
index 73c13dcdf2..4cd8c33946 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-proportional.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-proportional.ly
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ to the distance for the given duration."
 
 }
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper { ragged-right = ##t }
 
-\relative c''
+\relative
 <<
   \set Score.proportionalNotationDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1/16)
-  \new Staff { c8[ c c c c c]  c4 c2 r2 }
+  \new Staff { c''8[ c c c c c]  c4 c2 r2 }
   \new Staff { c2  \tuplet 3/2 { c8 c c } c4 c1 }
 >>
 
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-ragged-last.ly b/input/regression/spacing-ragged-last.ly
index d785143960..2b2ff08d89 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-ragged-last.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-ragged-last.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@
   ragged-last = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c'' \new Staff { \repeat unfold 20 { c1 } }
+\relative \new Staff { \repeat unfold 20 { c''1 } }
 
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-stem-bar.ly b/input/regression/spacing-stem-bar.ly
index 7665030801..8c26d9d559 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-stem-bar.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-stem-bar.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
 
   texidoc = "Upstem notes before a barline are printed with some extra
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ space. This is an optical correction similar to juxtaposed stems.
 \layout { ragged-right = ##t}
 
 
-\relative e'
+\relative
 {
   \override Score.PaperColumn.layer = #1
   \override Score.PaperColumn.stencil = #ly:paper-column::print
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ space. This is an optical correction similar to juxtaposed stems.
   
   \time 2/8
   \stemUp
-  e8[ e]
+  e'8[ e]
   e'[ e]
 }
 
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-stem-direction.ly b/input/regression/spacing-stem-direction.ly
index fbca840c55..805a944507 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-stem-direction.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-stem-direction.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header{
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ much to correct."
 }
 
 
-\context Voice \relative c {
+\context Voice \relative {
   \override Score.PaperColumn.layer = #1
   \override Score.PaperColumn.stencil = #ly:paper-column::print
 
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-stem-same-direction.ly b/input/regression/spacing-stem-same-direction.ly
index 03a20bc679..d905042ca1 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-stem-same-direction.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-stem-same-direction.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
   texidoc = "For juxtaposed chords with the same direction, a
 slight optical correction is used. It is constant, and works only if
@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ two chords have no common head-positions range."
 
 \layout { ragged-right = ##t}
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Score.PaperColumn.layer = #1
   \override Score.PaperColumn.stencil = #ly:paper-column::print
 
   \stemDown
   \time 12/4
-  f8[
+  f''8[
     e f e]  f[ d f d]  f[ c f c]  f[ b, f' b,]  f'[ a, f' a,]
 }
 
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-strict-notespacing.ly b/input/regression/spacing-strict-notespacing.ly
index 6e17724c1f..26042175f7 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-strict-notespacing.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-strict-notespacing.ly
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ time.  This may cause collisions.  "
 }
 
 
-\version "2.17.28"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper {
   ragged-right = ##t
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ time.  This may cause collisions.  "
   }
 }
 
-\relative c''
+\relative
 <<
   \override Score.SpacingSpanner.strict-note-spacing = ##t 
   \set Score.proportionalNotationDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1/16)
   \new Staff {
-    c8[ c \clef alto c c \grace { d16 }  c8 c]  c4 c2
+    c''8[ c \clef alto c c \grace { d16 }  c8 c]  c4 c2
     \grace { c16 c16 }
     c2 }
   \new Staff {
diff --git a/input/regression/spacing-uniform-stretching.ly b/input/regression/spacing-uniform-stretching.ly
index 16cd079404..3cb7b884b8 100644
--- a/input/regression/spacing-uniform-stretching.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spacing-uniform-stretching.ly
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
 
 }
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
-\relative c''
+\relative
 <<
   \override  Score.SpacingSpanner.uniform-stretching = ##t 
   \new Staff {
-    c16[ c c c c c c c c c16]
+    c''16[ c c c c c c c c c16]
   }
   \new Staff {
     \tuplet 7/6 { c16 c c cis c c c }
diff --git a/input/regression/spanner-after-line-breaking.ly b/input/regression/spanner-after-line-breaking.ly
index 100d81346a..9c9c4f9d20 100644
--- a/input/regression/spanner-after-line-breaking.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spanner-after-line-breaking.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 texidoc = "The visibility of left-broken line spanners and hairpins
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ controlled by the callback @code{ly:spanner::kill-zero-spanned-time}.
 
 \paper { ragged-right = ##t }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override TextSpanner.bound-details =
     #'((left
         (Y . 0)
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ controlled by the callback @code{ly:spanner::kill-zero-spanned-time}.
         (text . #f))
        (right-broken
         (text . #f)))
-  c1\startTextSpan\< \break
+  c'1\startTextSpan\< \break
   \override Hairpin.to-barline = ##f
   \override Hairpin.after-line-breaking = ##f
   c2\stopTextSpan\!
diff --git a/input/regression/spanner-break-overshoot.ly b/input/regression/spanner-break-overshoot.ly
index 02ffba9a5c..08f337b9ce 100644
--- a/input/regression/spanner-break-overshoot.ly
+++ b/input/regression/spanner-break-overshoot.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "The @code{break-overshoot} property sets the amount that
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ prefatory matter."
 
 \paper { ragged-right = ##t }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Beam.break-overshoot = #'(1.0 . 2.0)
   \override TupletBracket.break-overshoot = #'(1.0 . 2.0)
   \override TupletBracket.bracket-visibility = ##t
   \override Beam.breakable = ##t
-  c2.. \tuplet 3/2 { c8.[ \break c8.] }
+  c''2.. \tuplet 3/2 { c8.[ \break c8.] }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/staccato-pos.ly b/input/regression/staccato-pos.ly
index 72ee58c48b..7c722250a7 100644
--- a/input/regression/staccato-pos.ly
+++ b/input/regression/staccato-pos.ly
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 }
 
 {
-  \new Voice \relative c'' { 
+  \new Voice \relative { 
     \voiceOne
-    g8-. a-. b-. c-. 
+    g'8-. a-. b-. c-. 
     a-. b-. c-. d-. 
     b8[-. a-. g b] 
     e,-. f-. g-. a-. 
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@
       \stemDown
       e,-. d-. c-. b-. a-. g-.    
     }
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \stemUp		 
-      d-> c-> b-> a-> g-> f-> e-> d->
+      d''-> c-> b-> a-> g-> f-> e-> d->
       d'
       d-. c-. b-. a-. g-. f-. e-. d-. 
     }  
diff --git a/input/regression/staff-ledger-positions-dotted-notes.ly b/input/regression/staff-ledger-positions-dotted-notes.ly
index 3237af9a7e..dfe5def834 100644
--- a/input/regression/staff-ledger-positions-dotted-notes.ly
+++ b/input/regression/staff-ledger-positions-dotted-notes.ly
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ StaffSymbol, and a dotted note falls on a ledger line, the dot is shifted
 up to avoid the ledger line (just as with uncustomized ledger lines)."
 }
 
-\version "2.19.17"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'(-3 0 3)
   \override Staff.StaffSymbol.ledger-positions = #'(-3 0)
   \override Staff.StaffSymbol.ledger-extra = #1
-  f,4. g a b c d g' a b c d e
+  f4. g a b c d g' a b c d e
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/staff-ledger-positions.ly b/input/regression/staff-ledger-positions.ly
index 3e8c191937..986f18cc61 100644
--- a/input/regression/staff-ledger-positions.ly
+++ b/input/regression/staff-ledger-positions.ly
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ either all or none are shown.  Ledger lines can be set to appear sooner or
 later by setting the @code{ledger-extra} property."
 }
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
-\new Staff \relative c' {
+\new Staff \relative {
   \override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'(-5 -2 -1 2 5 6)
   \override Staff.StaffSymbol.ledger-positions = #'(-5 (-2 -1) 2)
   \override Staff.StaffSymbol.ledger-extra = #1
diff --git a/input/regression/staff-line-positions.ly b/input/regression/staff-line-positions.ly
index e8c9d4fa8f..e7c10d3e42 100644
--- a/input/regression/staff-line-positions.ly
+++ b/input/regression/staff-line-positions.ly
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
 
 }
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 
-\new Staff \relative c'  {
+\new Staff \relative  {
   \override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'(-7 -2 0 3 9)
   g c f b e a
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/stem-direction-context.ly b/input/regression/stem-direction-context.ly
index f4eaf78f1e..3d43c3c8cc 100644
--- a/input/regression/stem-direction-context.ly
+++ b/input/regression/stem-direction-context.ly
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
 
 }
 
-\version "2.17.6"
-\relative c'' \new Voice \with {
+\version "2.19.21"
+\relative \new Voice \with {
      \consists "Melody_engraver"
      \override Stem.neutral-direction = #'()
 } {
-  c4 b c b
+  c''4 b c b
   c c c c
   b a b a
 } 
diff --git a/input/regression/stem-length.ly b/input/regression/stem-length.ly
index 39aa092181..d0647d095f 100644
--- a/input/regression/stem-length.ly
+++ b/input/regression/stem-length.ly
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Stem length and stem-begin-position can be set manually.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \autoBeamOff
   \stemUp
   a8 aes''8
diff --git a/input/regression/stem-shorten.ly b/input/regression/stem-shorten.ly
index 2063b84cdf..8793420631 100644
--- a/input/regression/stem-shorten.ly
+++ b/input/regression/stem-shorten.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 }
 
 
-\relative c'' {
-  \stemDown d c b a g f e
+\relative {
+  \stemDown d'' c b a g f e
   \stemNeutral
   \stemUp a b c d e f g a
   \stemNeutral
diff --git a/input/regression/stem-stemlet.ly b/input/regression/stem-stemlet.ly
index 4799eb5c8c..428e5a9af7 100644
--- a/input/regression/stem-stemlet.ly
+++ b/input/regression/stem-stemlet.ly
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ length can be set with @code{stemlet-length}."
 
 }
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \layout { ragged-right = ##t }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
     \override Stem.stemlet-length = #0.75
-    c8[ r8 c16 r16 c8]
+    c'8[ r8 c16 r16 c8]
     c4
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/stem-tremolo-forced-dir.ly b/input/regression/stem-tremolo-forced-dir.ly
index 361f21752c..4f2156b9b3 100644
--- a/input/regression/stem-tremolo-forced-dir.ly
+++ b/input/regression/stem-tremolo-forced-dir.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 texidoc = "Tremolo works even when a stem is forced in a
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ particular direction.
 }
 
 \layout { ragged-right = ##t }
-\relative c 
+\relative 
 {
         \clef bass
 	\stemUp f4 : 32
diff --git a/input/regression/stem-tremolo-note-column.ly b/input/regression/stem-tremolo-note-column.ly
index f62e6ddbd5..90588633bf 100644
--- a/input/regression/stem-tremolo-note-column.ly
+++ b/input/regression/stem-tremolo-note-column.ly
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header{
   texidoc="Stem tremolos count in a note column's horizontal skyline.
 "
 }
 
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \autoBeamOff
   \override NoteHead.stencil = #(ly:make-stencil '() '(0 . 0) '(0 . 0))
-  \repeat unfold 8 { b8:32 }
+  \repeat unfold 8 { b'8:32 }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/system-start-heavy-bar.ly b/input/regression/system-start-heavy-bar.ly
index d79dcd3b0f..bae87d062e 100644
--- a/input/regression/system-start-heavy-bar.ly
+++ b/input/regression/system-start-heavy-bar.ly
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 \header { texidoc = "A heavy-bar system start delimiter may be created by tuning the @code{SystemStartBar} grob."
 	} 
 
-\version "2.17.15"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper {
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 <<
   \new StaffGroup
-  \relative c' <<
+  \relative <<
     \set StaffGroup.systemStartDelimiter = #'SystemStartBar
     \override StaffGroup.SystemStartBar.thickness = #8
     \override StaffGroup.SystemStartBar.padding = #0.2
-    \new Staff { c1 }
+    \new Staff { c'1 }
     \new Staff { c1 }
   >>
   \new Staff { c1 }
diff --git a/input/regression/system-start-nesting.ly b/input/regression/system-start-nesting.ly
index 41a4a72a2a..d169a8cae2 100644
--- a/input/regression/system-start-nesting.ly
+++ b/input/regression/system-start-nesting.ly
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
   created with the @code{systemStartDelimiterHierarchy} property."
 }
 
-\version "2.17.15"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper {
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
 \new StaffGroup
-\relative c' <<
+\relative <<
   \set StaffGroup.systemStartDelimiterHierarchy
     = #'(SystemStartSquare (SystemStartBracket a (SystemStartSquare b)) d)
-  \new Staff { c1 }
+  \new Staff { c'1 }
   \new Staff { c1 }
   \new Staff { c1 }
   \new Staff { c1 }
diff --git a/input/regression/tablature-tie-behaviour.ly b/input/regression/tablature-tie-behaviour.ly
index 381cb249ce..0a67e2b814 100644
--- a/input/regression/tablature-tie-behaviour.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tablature-tie-behaviour.ly
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ secondpart = \relative {
   c'1 ~ \break c2 ~ 2
 }
 
-thirdpart = \relative c' {
+thirdpart = \relative {
     \repeat volta 2 {
-    < c\3 e\2 g\1 >4 < c\3 e\2 g\1 > ~ < c\3 e\2 g\1 >\laissezVibrer r
+    < c'\3 e\2 g\1 >4 < c\3 e\2 g\1 > ~ < c\3 e\2 g\1 >\laissezVibrer r
     c4. d8 e2 ~
    }
    \alternative { { e2 r } { e2\repeatTie e2^\fermata } }
diff --git a/input/regression/tablature-zero-finger.ly b/input/regression/tablature-zero-finger.ly
index f201799d8a..a22a58e51e 100644
--- a/input/regression/tablature-zero-finger.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tablature-zero-finger.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 #(ly:set-option 'warning-as-error #f)
 #(ly:expect-warning (_ "No open string for pitch ~a") "#<Pitch f >")
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ a warning message and set the requested pitch in the tablature.
 "
 }
 
-mymusic = \relative c {
+mymusic = \relative {
   \set minimumFret = #1
   <d-0 d'-2 f-3 a-1>1
   <f-0>
diff --git a/input/regression/text-spanner.ly b/input/regression/text-spanner.ly
index ae56d940df..5c2d481703 100644
--- a/input/regression/text-spanner.ly
+++ b/input/regression/text-spanner.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
     texidoc= "Text spanners should not repeat start text when broken."
 }
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
     ragged-right = ##t 
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
     \set crescendoText = #"cresc."
     \set crescendoSpanner = #'text
-    c1\< c \break
+    c''1\< c \break
     c1 c\! \break
 }
 
diff --git a/input/regression/tie-accidental.ly b/input/regression/tie-accidental.ly
index aea5616fce..d7060cb69c 100644
--- a/input/regression/tie-accidental.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tie-accidental.ly
@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@
 " }
 
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper {
   debug-tie-scoring = ##t
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Tie.layer = #2
-  a ~ <fis a>
+  a' ~ <fis a>
 }
 
 % EOF
diff --git a/input/regression/tie-broken-minimum-length.ly b/input/regression/tie-broken-minimum-length.ly
index fab5dc33e8..13dc222e10 100644
--- a/input/regression/tie-broken-minimum-length.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tie-broken-minimum-length.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ has a @code{minimum-length} of 5."
   line-width = 40.0\mm
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override Tie.minimum-length = #5
-  f2. f16  f  f  f ~ | \break
+  f'2. f16  f  f  f ~ | \break
   f1
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/tie-manual-vertical-tune.ly b/input/regression/tie-manual-vertical-tune.ly
index b882d21e0f..8c4862aedc 100644
--- a/input/regression/tie-manual-vertical-tune.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tie-manual-vertical-tune.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "If using integers, the tie will vertically tuned for
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ staff line avoidance. If using a floating point number, this is taken
 as the exact location."
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Tie.staff-position = #3
-  d4 ~
+  d''4 ~
   \override Tie.staff-position = #3.0
   d ~
   d
diff --git a/input/regression/time-signature-mensural.ly b/input/regression/time-signature-mensural.ly
index 32081c902f..d6d18c3780 100644
--- a/input/regression/time-signature-mensural.ly
+++ b/input/regression/time-signature-mensural.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.16"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "This test covers the mensural and neomensural time signature styles."
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 
 \layout { indent = 0 }
 
-testMusic = \relative f' {
-    \time 4/4 \partial 4 f4
+testMusic = \relative {
+    \time 4/4 \partial 4 f'4
     \time 2/2 \partial 4 f4
     \time 6/4 \partial 4 f4
     \time 6/8 \partial 4 f4
diff --git a/input/regression/time-signature-numbered.ly b/input/regression/time-signature-numbered.ly
index e28772d2d4..8c60215db5 100644
--- a/input/regression/time-signature-numbered.ly
+++ b/input/regression/time-signature-numbered.ly
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-\version "2.19.16"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "The numbered time signature style prints a fraction."
 }
 
 \new Staff {
-  \relative d' {
+  \relative {
     \override Staff.TimeSignature.style = #'numbered
-    \time 4/4 d1
+    \time 4/4 d'1
     \time 3/4 d2.
     \time 2/2 d1
     \time 16/128 d8
diff --git a/input/regression/time-signature-single-digit.ly b/input/regression/time-signature-single-digit.ly
index fcf473c57b..e5b816a457 100644
--- a/input/regression/time-signature-single-digit.ly
+++ b/input/regression/time-signature-single-digit.ly
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-\version "2.19.16"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "The single-digit time signature style prints the numerator only."
 }
 
 \new Staff {
-  \relative d' {
+  \relative {
     \override Staff.TimeSignature.style = #'single-digit
-    \time 1/2 d2
+    \time 1/2 d'2
     \time 2/4 d4 d
     \time 3/4 d2.
     \time 16/4 d\longa
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-beam.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-beam.ly
index 6b84baa674..e3a585fe47 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-beam.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-beam.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
 
   texidoc = "In combination with a beam, the bracket of the tuplet
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ the bracket."
 }
 \layout { ragged-right= ##t }
 
-\context Voice\relative c'' {
-  \tuplet 3/2 { r  c8[ c8] }
+\context Voice\relative {
+  \tuplet 3/2 { r  c''8[ c8] }
   \tuplet 3/2 {  c8[ c c] }
   \tuplet 3/2 {  c16[ c16]  c8[ c8] }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-avoid-fingering.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-avoid-fingering.ly
index 719851b26d..72df3d62a0 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-avoid-fingering.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-avoid-fingering.ly
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "@code{TupletBracket} grobs avoid @code{Fingering} grobs.
 "
 }
 
-\relative d'' {
+\relative {
  \override TupletBracket.direction = #UP
- \tuplet 3/2 { d4 a8-4 }
+ \tuplet 3/2 { d''4 a8-4 }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-avoid-scripts.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-avoid-scripts.ly
index 1cccccde46..9edbde3f1d 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-avoid-scripts.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-avoid-scripts.ly
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Tuplet brackets avoid scripts by default.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
-  \tuplet 3/2 { a8^\espressivo r a^\espressivo }
+\relative {
+  \tuplet 3/2 { a'8^\espressivo r a^\espressivo }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-avoid-string-number.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-avoid-string-number.ly
index 62ce79a461..11c2ddff6e 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-avoid-string-number.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-avoid-string-number.ly
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "@code{TupletBracket} grobs avoid @code{StringNumber} grobs.
 "
 }
 
-\relative d'' {
+\relative {
  \override TupletBracket.direction = #UP
- \tuplet 3/2 { d4 <a\4>8 }
+ \tuplet 3/2 { d''4 <a\4>8 }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-outside-staff-priority.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-outside-staff-priority.ly
index ecfa6814f7..15d5220612 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-outside-staff-priority.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-outside-staff-priority.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
 
   texidoc = "Tuplet brackets' outside staff priority can be
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ set.  Brackets, by default, carry their numbers with them."
 
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override TupletBracket.avoid-scripts = ##f
   % Plain old tuplet
-  \tuplet 3/2 { a8 r a }
+  \tuplet 3/2 { a'8 r a }
   % With nothing set, collisions abound both horizontally and
   % vertically
   \tuplet 3/2 { a8^\espressivo r a^\espressivo }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-vertical-skylines.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-vertical-skylines.ly
index 752f595128..db82cafb57 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-vertical-skylines.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-vertical-skylines.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Tuplet brackets do not push objects with outside-staff-priority
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ too high.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \override TupletBracket.direction = #UP
   \tuplet 1/1 { a^"foo" a' a' a' }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-visibility.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-visibility.ly
index 1d4a986ac5..e3ad513b17 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-visibility.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-bracket-visibility.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "The default behavior of tuplet-bracket visibility is to print a bracket
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ unless there is a beam of the same length as the tuplet.  Overriding
 "
 }
 
-music = \relative c'' {
-  \tuplet 3/2 { c16[ d e } f8]
+music = \relative {
+  \tuplet 3/2 { c''16[ d e } f8]
   \tuplet 3/2 { c8 d e }
   \tuplet 3/2 { c4 d e }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-broken.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-broken.ly
index 9021ead4b1..6bb811ab5a 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-broken.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-broken.ly
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 }
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper {
   ragged-right = ##t  
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 }
 
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override TupletNumber.text = #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text
 
   \override TupletBracket.edge-text = #(cons
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 					     #:arrow-head X LEFT #f)
 					  (markup #:arrow-head X RIGHT #f))
   \tuplet 19/11 {
-    c4 c4 c4 c4
+    c''4 c4 c4 c4
     \bar "-" \break
     c4 c4 c4 c4
     c4 c4 c4 c4
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-full-length.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-full-length.ly
index 484d24762b..6eac8bfd3c 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-full-length.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-full-length.ly
@@ -5,19 +5,19 @@
 start of the next non-tuplet note.  "
 
 }
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper { ragged-right = ##t
   indent = 0.0
 }
 
-\relative c'' \new Voice \with {
+\relative \new Voice \with {
   \remove  Forbid_line_break_engraver
   \override Beam.breakable = ##t
 }
 {
   \set tupletFullLength = ##t
-  c4
+  c''4
   \tuplet 3/2 { c8[ c c] }
   \tuplet 3/2 { c8[ c \bar "-" \break c] }
   << \tuplet 3/2 { c8[ c c]  }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-gap.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-gap.ly
index 4bf91a6e4d..f7428cc6d5 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-gap.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-gap.ly
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 }
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \layout {
   indent = 0.0\mm
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 }
 
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override TupletNumber.text = #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text
-  \tuplet  12/17  { c8 c4 c8 c8}
+  \tuplet  12/17  { c''8 c4 c8 c8}
 }
 
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-nest-broken.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-nest-broken.ly
index 33876e0034..edfffb87de 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-nest-broken.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-nest-broken.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
     texidoc = "Broken nested tuplets avoid each other correctly.
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
 \score {
   \new Staff
   <<
-    \relative c'' {
+    \relative {
       \override Score.Beam.breakable = ##t
 
       r2
 
       \tuplet 3/4 {
-        \tuplet 3/2 { c8[ c c] }
+        \tuplet 3/2 { c''8[ c c] }
         \tuplet 3/2 { c8[ c c] }
         \tuplet 3/2 { c8[ c c] }
       }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-nest.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-nest.ly
index 093c57f289..8c10cdcd1b 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-nest.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-nest.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
     texidoc=" Tuplets may be nested."
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
   indent = 0.0
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \tuplet 3/4 {
-    \tuplet 3/2 { c8[ c c] }
+    \tuplet 3/2 { c''8[ c c] }
     \tuplet 3/2 { c8[ c c] }
     \tuplet 3/2 { c8[ c c] }
   }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-number-french-kneed-beams.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-number-french-kneed-beams.ly
index a69ba526d0..2cd490016c 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-number-french-kneed-beams.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-number-french-kneed-beams.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.3"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Tuplet numbers are positioned correctly on kneed French-style beams."
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ top = \change Staff = "1"
 bottom = \change Staff = "2"
 
 music =
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \time 3/4
   \override Beam.auto-knee-gap = 1
   \override Stem.french-beaming = ##t
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-number-kneed-beam-even-stem-count.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-number-kneed-beam-even-stem-count.ly
index e66bc6931c..e52b760619 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-number-kneed-beam-even-stem-count.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-number-kneed-beam-even-stem-count.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.3"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "In tuplets with an even number of stems, the number
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ case the number is placed opposite the partial beam."
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \time 2/4
   \override Beam.auto-knee-gap = 1
   \tuplet 6/4 4 {
-    c16 c'' c,, c'' c,, c''
+    c'16 c'' c,, c'' c,, c''
     \once \override TupletNumber.direction = #UP
     c,,16 c'' c,, c'' c,, c''
   }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-number-kneed-beam-horizontal-fit.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-number-kneed-beam-horizontal-fit.ly
index 21f17d1827..5f23f5eba7 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-number-kneed-beam-horizontal-fit.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-number-kneed-beam-horizontal-fit.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.3"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Tuplet numbers are placed next to the beam unless there is
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ below the noteheads."
 }
 
 \score {
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \time 2/4
     \override Beam.auto-knee-gap = 1
     \tuplet 6/4 4 {
       \once \override TupletNumber.text =
         #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text
-      c16 c'' c,, c'' c,, c''
+      c'16 c'' c,, c'' c,, c''
       \once \override TupletNumber.text =
         #(tuplet-number::fraction-with-notes "16" "16")
       c,,16 c'' c,, c'' c,, c''
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-number-kneed-beam-ledger-lines.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-number-kneed-beam-ledger-lines.ly
index 1ce4201611..58db776e8d 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-number-kneed-beam-ledger-lines.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-number-kneed-beam-ledger-lines.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.3"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "A tuplet number associated with a kneed beam is not placed between
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ beam and staff where it may collide with ledger lines."
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override Beam.auto-knee-gap = 1
   \tuplet 3/2 4 {
-    c8 c''' cis,,,
+    c''8 c''' cis,,,
     c8 c'''' c,,,
     c''8 c c,,
     c,8 c,,, c'''
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-number-kneed-beam-positions.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-number-kneed-beam-positions.ly
index 3618ed21e9..d98353494a 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-number-kneed-beam-positions.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-number-kneed-beam-positions.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.4"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Tuplet numbers are placed next to kneed beams when
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 top = \change Staff = "1"
 bottom = \change Staff = "2"
 
-music = \relative c {
+music = \relative {
   \override Beam.auto-knee-gap = 1
   \tuplet 3/2 4 {
     c8 \top e'' \bottom g,,
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-number-outside-staff-positioning.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-number-outside-staff-positioning.ly
index 8cdb353a6d..93e28aac05 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-number-outside-staff-positioning.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-number-outside-staff-positioning.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ positioned above them.
 
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
    \override TupletBracket.outside-staff-priority = #1
    \override TupletNumber.font-size = #5
-   \tuplet 3/2 { a4\trill a\trill^"foo" a\trill }
+   \tuplet 3/2 { a'4\trill a\trill^"foo" a\trill }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-number-outside-staff-priority.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-number-outside-staff-priority.ly
index 1a21d0cf77..dfbf8cd9c9 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-number-outside-staff-priority.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-number-outside-staff-priority.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
 
   texidoc = "Tuplet numbers' outside staff priority can be
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ set."
 
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override TupletBracket.avoid-scripts = ##f
-  \tuplet 3/2 { a8\trill a\trill a\trill }
+  \tuplet 3/2 { a'8\trill a\trill a\trill }
   \override TupletNumber.outside-staff-priority = #1
   \tuplet 3/2 { a8\trill a\trill a\trill }
   \override Script.outside-staff-priority = #2
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-number-shift-along-kneed-beam.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-number-shift-along-kneed-beam.ly
index b951fa132f..272095b34e 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-number-shift-along-kneed-beam.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-number-shift-along-kneed-beam.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.3"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Tuplet numbers will maintain a constant distance from
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ kneed beams when offset horizontally."
   ragged-right = ##f
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \tuplet 3/2 4 {
-    c8 g''' a
+    c'8 g''' a
     \once \offset X-offset 2 TupletNumber
     c,,, g''' a
     \once \offset X-offset #-2 TupletNumber
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-numbers-kneed-beams-accidentals.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-numbers-kneed-beams-accidentals.ly
index c00f4e102d..33a99bd1ff 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-numbers-kneed-beams-accidentals.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-numbers-kneed-beams-accidentals.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.3"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Tuplet numbers associated with kneed beams will
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ avoid accidentals."
 top = \change Staff = "1"
 bottom = \change Staff = "2"
 
-music = \relative c {
+music = \relative {
   \override Beam.auto-knee-gap = 1
   \tuplet 5/4 4 {
     c16[ \top g'' e' \bottom fis,, \top c']
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-numbers-kneed-beams.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-numbers-kneed-beams.ly
index 1286b209ca..e23728827b 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-numbers-kneed-beams.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-numbers-kneed-beams.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.19.3"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Tuplet numbers are positioned next to kneed beams."
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 top = \change Staff = "1"
 bottom = \change Staff = "2"
 
-music = \relative c {
+music = \relative {
   \time 3/4
   \override Beam.auto-knee-gap = 1
   \tuplet 3/2 4 {
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-properties.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-properties.ly
index 4af8ddd23c..4e5e839c8a 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-properties.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-properties.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.30"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "Tuplet bracket formatting supports numerous options,
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ for instance, bracketed (B) and non-bracketed (NB).
 "
 }
 
-\context Voice \relative c'' {
+\context Voice \relative {
 
-  \tuplet 3/2 { c'8 c,, c }
+  \tuplet 3/2 { c'''8 c,, c }
   \tuplet 3/2 { c'8 c'' c,, }
 
   \tuplet 3/2 { c8[^"NB" c c] }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-rest.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-rest.ly
index beda1ec33e..854ddc54e2 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-rest.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-rest.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
 
   texidoc = "Tuplets may contain rests. "
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 }
 
 
-\context Voice  \relative c'' {
+\context Voice  \relative {
   \time 2/4
-  \tuplet 3/2 { r c,,, c''' }
+  \tuplet 3/2 { r c, c''' }
   \tuplet 3/2 { r c c  }
   \tuplet 3/2 { r c r }
   \tuplet 3/2 { r r r }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-single-note.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-single-note.ly
index 322a4d635b..2715268453 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-single-note.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-single-note.ly
@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
   texidoc = "Show tuplet numbers also on single-note tuplets (otherwise the timing would look messed up!), but don't show a bracket. Make sure that tuplets without any notes don't show any number, either."
 
 }
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper { ragged-right = ##t
 indent = 0.0 }
 
 \new Staff <<
-  \new Voice \relative c'' {
-    \tuplet 6/4 { c2.:8 } \tuplet 3/2 { g4.:8 } \tuplet 3/2 { a,4.:8 } \tuplet 6/4 {} \bar"|."
+  \new Voice \relative {
+    \tuplet 6/4 { c''2.:8 } \tuplet 3/2 { g4.:8 } \tuplet 3/2 { a,4.:8 } \tuplet 6/4 {} \bar"|."
   }
 >>
   
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-slope.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-slope.ly
index c112f0c9af..6be44d91bc 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-slope.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-slope.ly
@@ -15,15 +15,15 @@ The bracket direction is determined by the dominating stem direction.
   ragged-right = ##t 
 }
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \new Voice {
-  \relative c'' {
-    \tuplet 3/2 { c4 d e}
+  \relative {
+    \tuplet 3/2 { c''4 d e}
     \tuplet 3/2 { c4 d e}
   }
   
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \tuplet 5/4 { a'4 as g fis f }
     \tuplet 5/4 { fis4 e es d des }
     \tuplet 5/4 { fis,4 e es d des }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-staffline-collision.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-staffline-collision.ly
index 8729d9747a..6f0d244078 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-staffline-collision.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-staffline-collision.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header {
 
   texidoc = "Horizontal tuplet brackets are shifted vertically
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ to avoid staff line collisions."
 
 \layout { ragged-right= ##t }
 
-\context Voice\relative c'' {
-  \tuplet 3/2 { b'4 b b }
+\context Voice\relative {
+  \tuplet 3/2 { b''4 b b }
   \tuplet 3/2 { f4 f f }
   \tuplet 3/2 { g4 g g }
   \tuplet 3/2 { a4 a a }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-subdivision.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-subdivision.ly
index 82fd4b9780..60df2449e2 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-subdivision.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-subdivision.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ Subdivision works properly for tuplets
   "
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \set subdivideBeams = ##t
   \set baseMoment = #(ly:make-moment 1/8)
   \set beatStructure = #'(2 2 2 2)
   \repeat unfold 8 {
-    \tuplet 3/2 { c16 e d }
+    \tuplet 3/2 { c''16 e d }
   }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-text-different-numbers.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-text-different-numbers.ly
index 7e01d344db..50099cb8d3 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-text-different-numbers.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-text-different-numbers.ly
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header{
   texidoc="Non-standard tuplet texts: Printing other tuplet fractions than the ones actually assigned."
 }
 \layout { ragged-right= ##t }
 
 
-\context Voice \relative c'' {
+\context Voice \relative {
   \once \override TupletNumber.text = #(tuplet-number::non-default-tuplet-denominator-text 7)
-  \tuplet 3/2  { c4. c4. c4. c4. }
+  \tuplet 3/2  { c''4. c4. c4. c4. }
   \once \override TupletNumber.text = #(tuplet-number::non-default-tuplet-fraction-text 12 7)
   \tuplet 3/2  { c4. c4. c4. c4. }
   \once \override TupletNumber.text = #(tuplet-number::append-note-wrapper (tuplet-number::non-default-tuplet-fraction-text 12 7) "8")
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-text-fraction-with-notes.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-text-fraction-with-notes.ly
index 9a63ebdf45..ae3b30b836 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-text-fraction-with-notes.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-text-fraction-with-notes.ly
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header{
   texidoc="Non-standard tuplet texts: Printing a tuplet fraction with note durations assigned to both the denominator and the numerator."
 }
 
 
-\context Voice \relative c'' {
+\context Voice \relative {
   \once \override TupletNumber.text = #(tuplet-number::fraction-with-notes "4." "8")
-  \tuplet 3/2  { c4. c4. c4. c4. }
+  \tuplet 3/2  { c''4. c4. c4. c4. }
   \once \override TupletNumber.text = #(tuplet-number::non-default-fraction-with-notes 12 "8" 4 "4")
   \tuplet 3/2  { c4. c4. c4. c4. }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplet-text-note-appended.ly b/input/regression/tuplet-text-note-appended.ly
index c29e1f1997..539d29fea0 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplet-text-note-appended.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplet-text-note-appended.ly
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header{
   texidoc="Non-standard tuplet texts: Appending a note value to the normal text and to the fraction text."
 }
 \layout { ragged-right= ##t }
 
 
-\context Voice \relative c'' {
+\context Voice \relative {
   \once \override TupletNumber.text = #(tuplet-number::append-note-wrapper tuplet-number::calc-denominator-text "4")
-  \tuplet 3/2  { c8 c8 c8 c8 c8 c8 }
+  \tuplet 3/2  { c''8 c8 c8 c8 c8 c8 }
   \once \override TupletNumber.text = #(tuplet-number::append-note-wrapper tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text "4")
   \tuplet 3/2  { c8 c8 c8 c8 c8 c8 }
 }
diff --git a/input/regression/tuplets.ly b/input/regression/tuplets.ly
index c250c5bea4..3900594eb9 100644
--- a/input/regression/tuplets.ly
+++ b/input/regression/tuplets.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.11"
+\version "2.19.21"
 \header{
   
   texidoc="
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ direction as the bracket. The endings can be adjusted with
 \layout { ragged-right= ##t }
 
 
-\context Voice \relative c'' {
-  \tuplet 3/2 { a8 b c }
+\context Voice \relative {
+  \tuplet 3/2 { a'8 b c }
   \tuplet 3/2 { r8  b[ f] }
   \override TupletBracket.bracket-flare = #'(0.5 . 0.5)
   \tuplet 3/2 { r8 b r8 }
diff --git a/input/regression/unpure-pure-container.ly b/input/regression/unpure-pure-container.ly
index 09971b0e27..1ceb243a47 100644
--- a/input/regression/unpure-pure-container.ly
+++ b/input/regression/unpure-pure-container.ly
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
   texidoc = "unpure-pure containers take two arguments: an unpure property and
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ of 8.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \stemUp \autoBeamOff
-  d,8 eis'
+  d'8 eis'
   \once \override Flag.Y-offset =
     #(ly:make-unpure-pure-container ly:flag::calc-y-offset 8)
   d,8 eis'!
diff --git a/input/regression/unset-once.ly b/input/regression/unset-once.ly
index 32fad554a0..e9554e01f2 100644
--- a/input/regression/unset-once.ly
+++ b/input/regression/unset-once.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.15"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header {
 
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 value for just one timestep and then return to the previous value."
 
 }
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \set fingeringOrientations = #'(left)
-  <e-1>1 |
+  <e'-1>1 |
   \once \unset fingeringOrientations
   <e-1>-"default" |
   <e-1>-"left" |
diff --git a/input/regression/voice-follower.ly b/input/regression/voice-follower.ly
index a992a5cfbd..100327638c 100644
--- a/input/regression/voice-follower.ly
+++ b/input/regression/voice-follower.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.16.0"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 
 \header { texidoc= "
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ can be printed automatically. This is enabled if the property
   ragged-right = ##t 
 }
 
-\relative c'
+\relative
 \context PianoStaff <<
   \set PianoStaff.followVoice = ##t
   \new Staff = "one" \context Voice {
-    c1
+    c'1
     \change Staff=two
     b2 a
   }
diff --git a/input/regression/whiteout-lower-layers.ly b/input/regression/whiteout-lower-layers.ly
index 3b1c30971f..a7284b9918 100644
--- a/input/regression/whiteout-lower-layers.ly
+++ b/input/regression/whiteout-lower-layers.ly
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \header { texidoc = "If the 'whiteout property of a
 grob is set to #t, that part of all objects in lower
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Tie but not the StaffSymbol.
 "
 }
 
-\relative c' {
+\relative {
   \time 3/4
   \override Staff.StaffSymbol.layer = #4
   \once \override Tie.layer = #2
diff --git a/input/regression/whiteout.ly b/input/regression/whiteout.ly
index c2802628ea..def544c1b6 100644
--- a/input/regression/whiteout.ly
+++ b/input/regression/whiteout.ly
@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@
 markup.  "
 
 }
-\version "2.17.6"
+\version "2.19.21"
 
 \paper
 {
   ragged-right = ##t
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
+\relative {
   \override TextScript.layer = #'2
   \override TextScript.extra-offset = #'(2 . 4)
-  c4-\markup  { \whiteout \pad-markup #0.5 foo } c
+  c''4-\markup  { \whiteout \pad-markup #0.5 foo } c
 }