From: Trevor Daniels Date: Sat, 4 Oct 2008 08:47:46 +0000 (+0100) Subject: Docs: NR 2.3 Unfretted - first draft X-Git-Tag: release/2.11.62-1~40 X-Git-Url: https://git.donarmstrong.com/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=25087463a7704496ba2a938539adcf84ff723875;p=lilypond.git Docs: NR 2.3 Unfretted - first draft --- diff --git a/Documentation/user/unfretted-strings.itely b/Documentation/user/unfretted-strings.itely index 7d11129215..9dbd2938ce 100644 --- a/Documentation/user/unfretted-strings.itely +++ b/Documentation/user/unfretted-strings.itely @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*- +@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*- @ignore Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH @@ -11,8 +11,12 @@ @node Unfretted string instruments @section Unfretted string instruments -This section includes extra information for writing for unfretted -string instruments. +@cindex orchestral strings +@cindex strings, writing for + +This section provides information and references which are helpful +when writing for unfretted string instruments, principally +orchestral strings. @menu * Common notation for unfretted strings:: @@ -21,26 +25,165 @@ string instruments. @node Common notation for unfretted strings @subsection Common notation for unfretted strings -@c TODO -@c fingerings, \thumb, an example as well -@c multiple fingering indications? -@c snap pizzicato marking +There is little specialist notation for unfretted string +instruments. The music is notated on a single staff, and +usually only a single voice is required. Two voices might +be required for some double-stopped or divisi passages. + +@menu +* References for unfretted strings:: +* Bowing indications:: +* Harmonics:: +* Snap (Bartók) pizzicato:: +@end menu + +@unnumberedsubsubsec References for unfretted strings +@node References for unfretted strings + +Most of the notation which is useful for orchestral strings +and other bowed instruments is covered elsewhere: + +@itemize + +@item Texual indications such as @qq{pizz.} and @qq{arco} are +added as simple text -- see @ref{Text scripts}. + +@item Fingerings, including the thumb indication, are described +in @ref{Fingering instructions}. + +@item When writing for orchestral strings, slurs are used to +indicate passages which should be bowed in a continuous movement. +For details, see @ref{Slurs}. + +@item Double stopping is normally indicated by writing a chord, +see @ref{Chorded notes}. A triple or quadruple stop might be +indicated by a square bracket to indicate the notes should be +played simultaneously rather than arpeggiated. A square bracket +is also used to indicate the two notes of a double stop should be +played divisi by the two players on the stand. A bracket arpeggio +can be used to bracket notes together, see @ref{Arpeggio}. + +@item For passages which require two voices see @rlearning{I'm +hearing Voices} and @ref{Single-staff polyphony}. + +@item A template for a string quartet can be found in +@rlearning{String quartet}. Others are shown in the snippets. + +@end itemize + +@seealso +Learning Manual: +@rlearning{I'm hearing Voices}, +@rlearning{String quartet}. + +Notation Reference: +@ref{Text scripts}, +@ref{Fingering instructions}, +@ref{Slurs}, +@ref{Chorded notes}, +@ref{Arpeggio} +@ref{Single-staff polyphony}. + +Snippets: +@rlsr{Unfretted strings}. + +@node Bowing indications +@unnumberedsubsubsec Bowing indications + +@funindex \upbow +@funindex \downbow + +@cindex bowing indications +@cindex up bow indication +@cindex down bow indication + +Bowing indications are created as articulations, which are +described in @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}. The +bowing commands, @code{\upbow} and @code{\downbow}, are used with +slurs as follows: + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] +c4(\downbow d) e(\upbow f) +@end lilypond + + +@seealso + +Notation Reference: +@ref{Articulations and ornamentations} +@ref{Slurs}. + +@node Harmonics +@unnumberedsubsubsec Harmonics + +@funindex \harmonic + +@strong{@i{Natural harmonics}} + +@cindex natural harmonics +@cindex harmonics, natural + +Natural harmonics can be notated in several ways. A diamond-shaped +note head generally means to touch the string where you would stop +the note if it were not a diamond. Diamond note heads are created +by placing @code{\harmonic} after the note and enclosing the whole +in angle brackets. +Dotted harmonics indicated with @code{\harmonic} do not show the +dots. The context property @code{harmonicDots} should be set if +dots are required. + + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] +4 2. +\set harmonicDots = ##t +4 2. +@end lilypond + +Alternatively a normal note head is shown at the pitch to be +sounded together with a small circle to indicate it should be +played as a harmonic: + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] +d4^\flageolet d_\flageolet +@end lilypond + +A smaller circle may be created, see the snippet list in +@ref{References for unfretted strings}. + +@strong{@i{Artificial harmonics}} @cindex artificial harmonics +@cindex harmonics, artifical -Artificial harmonics are notated with a different note head style. They -are entered by marking the harmonic pitch with @code{\harmonic}. +Artificial harmonics are notated with two notes, one with a normal +note head indicating the stopped position and one with an open +diamond note head to indicate the harmonic position. +They are entered by marking the harmonic pitch with @code{\harmonic}. +Note the @code{\harmonic} command must be placed within the angle +brackets signifying the chord. The example shows the notation for a +fourth and a fifth harmonic. -@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote,fragment,relative=1] -4 +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1] +2 @end lilypond +@seealso +Music Glossary: +@rglos{harmonics}. -@unnumberedsubsubsec References for unfretted strings +Notation Reference: +@ref{Special note heads}, +@ref{References for unfretted strings}. + +@node Snap (Bartók) pizzicato +@unnumberedsubsubsec Snap (Bartók) pizzicato + +@cindex pizzicato, Bartók +@cindex pizzicato, snap +@cindex Bartók pizzicato +@cindex snap pizzicato TBC +@c TODO add Bartók pizz as a @lilypondfile -@c TODO -@c link to slurs, articulation (for \upbow \downbow) -@c link to string quartet templates