@aref{C clef}, @aref{F clef}, @aref{G clef}.
+The clef indicates which lines of the staff correspond to which
+pitches. The three clef symbols in common use are:
+
+@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote]
+\markup {
+ \column {
+ \line { "The Treble or G clef: " \musicglyph #"clefs.G" }
+ \line { "The Bass or F clef: " \musicglyph #"clefs.F" }
+ \line { "The Alto or C clef: " \musicglyph #"clefs.C" }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Imagine a large staff of 11 lines centered on middle C,
+sometimes called a @qq{grand staff}, with
+the bottom line representing low G and the top line high F:
+
+@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote]
+\score {
+ <<
+%-- Treble Staff --%
+ \new Staff = "G" {
+% Allow this staff to be placed close to the others
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup
+ #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+% Allow the treble clef to overlap the lower staves:
+% \override Staff.Clef #'Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+ \override Staff.Clef #'stencil = ##f % No clef required
+ \clef "G"
+ s1^\markup { "g," \transparent "g" }
+ s^ \markup { "b," \transparent "g" }
+ s^ \markup { "d" \transparent "g" }
+ s^ \markup { "f" \transparent "g" }
+ s^ \markup { "a" \transparent "g" }
+ s^ \markup { \with-color #red c' \transparent "g"}
+ e'^\markup { "e'" \transparent "g" }
+ g'^\markup { "g'" \transparent "g" }
+ b'^\markup { "b'" \transparent "g" }
+ d''^\markup { "d''" \transparent "g" }
+ f''^\markup { "f ''" \transparent "g" }
+ }
+%-- Alto Staff reduced to a single line on middle C --%
+ \new Staff = "C" {
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = 1 % One line only
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #red % Coloured red
+ \override Staff.Clef #'stencil = ##f % No clef required
+ \clef "C"
+
+% Allow this staff to be placed close to the others
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup
+ #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+% Specify height to give correct spacing between the staves
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup #'Y-extent = #'(-1 . 1)
+
+ s1 s s s s % Space along to align horizonatally
+ \override NoteHead #'color = #red
+ c'1 % A middle C
+ s1 s s s s % Keep staff (ie the red line) showing
+ }
+%-- Bass Staff --%
+ \new Staff = "F" {
+% Allow this staff to be placed close to the others
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup
+ #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+ \override Staff.Clef #'stencil = ##f % No clef required
+ \clef "F"
+ g,1 b, d f a
+ s s s s s s % Keep staff showing
+ }
+ >>
+ \layout {
+% Reduce horizontal spacing so semibreves can be
+% used without exceeding 1 line
+ \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner
+ #'base-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1 1)
+ }
+% Reduce apparent vertical size of note heads to
+% permit them to overlap other grobs vertically
+ \context { \Score \override NoteHead #'Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+ }
+% Remove all barlines
+ \context { \Score \override BarLine #'stencil = ##f
+ }
+% Remove time signature from all staves
+ \context { \Staff \remove Time_signature_engraver
+ }
+ } % End layout
+} % End score
+@end lilypond
+
+Staves of five lines are usually used, and the clef superimposed
+on them indicates
+which five lines have been selected from this @qq{grand staff}.
+For example, the treble or G clef indicates that the top five
+lines have been selected:
+
+@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote]
+\score {
+ <<
+%-- Treble Staff --%
+ \new Staff = "G" {
+% Allow this staff to be placed close to the others
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup
+ #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+% Allow the treble clef to overlap the lower staves:
+% \override Staff.Clef #'Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+ \override Staff.Clef #'stencil = ##f % No clef required here
+ \clef "G"
+ s1^\markup { "g," \transparent "g" }
+ s^ \markup { "b," \transparent "g" }
+ s^ \markup { "d" \transparent "g" }
+ s^ \markup { "f" \transparent "g" }
+ s^ \markup { "a" \transparent "g" }
+ s^ \markup { \with-color #red c' \transparent "g"}
+ \stopStaff \startStaff
+ \clef "C" % Dummy to force next clef to be printed
+ s % Need at least one note for \clef to take effect
+ \override Staff.Clef #'stencil = ##t % Clef now required
+ \override Staff.Clef #'Y-extent = #'(0 . 0) % Permit overlap
+ \clef "G"
+ e'^\markup { "e'" \transparent "g" }
+ g'^\markup { "g'" \transparent "g" }
+ b'^\markup { "b'" \transparent "g" }
+ d''^\markup { "d''" \transparent "g" }
+ f''^\markup { "f ''" \transparent "g" }
+ } % End staff G
+%-- Alto Staff reduced to a single line on middle C --%
+ \new Staff = "C" {
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = 1 % One line only
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #red % Coloured red
+ \override Staff.Clef #'stencil = ##f % No clef required
+ \clef "C"
+
+% Allow this staff to be placed close to the others
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup
+ #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+% Specify height to give correct spacing between the staves
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup #'Y-extent = #'(-1 . 1)
+
+ s1 s s s s % Space along to align horizonatally
+ \override NoteHead #'color = #red
+ c'1 % A middle C
+% s1 s s s s % Keep staff (ie the red line) showing
+ } % End staff C
+%-- Bass Staff --%
+ \new Staff = "F" {
+% Allow this staff to be placed close to the others
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup
+ #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+ \override Staff.Clef #'stencil = ##f % No clef required
+ \clef "F"
+ g,1 b, d f a
+% s s s s s s % Keep staff showing
+ } % End staff F
+ >>
+ \layout {
+% Reduce horizontal spacing so semibreves can be used
+% without exceeding 1 line
+ \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner
+ #'base-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1 1)
+ }
+% Reduce apparent vertical size of note heads to
+% permit them to overlap other grobs vertically
+ \context { \Score \override NoteHead #'Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+ }
+% Remove all barlines
+ \context { \Score \override BarLine #'stencil = ##f
+ }
+% Remove time signature from all staves
+ \context { \Staff \remove Time_signature_engraver
+ }
+ } % End layout
+} % End score
+@end lilypond
+
+Note the @qq{curl} of the G clef in centered on the
+line which represents the pitch G.
+
+In the same way, the bass or F clef indicates that
+the bottom five lines have been selected from the
+@qq{grand staff}, and the alto or C clef indicates
+the middle five lines have been selected. This
+relationship is shown below, where the notes show
+an arpeggio on a C major chord.
+
+@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote]
+\score {
+<<
+%-- Treble Staff --%
+ \new Staff = "G" \with {
+ \remove Time_signature_engraver
+ }
+ {
+% The following two overrides are required to make the two middle C's overlap
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup #'Y-extent = #'(-2 . 2)
+
+ \override Staff.Clef #'Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+ \clef "G"
+ s1 s s s s e' g' c''
+ }
+%-- Alto Staff --%
+ \new Staff = "C" \with {
+ \remove Time_signature_engraver
+ }
+ {
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = 1
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'stencil = ##f
+ \once \override Staff.Clef #'stencil = ##f
+ \clef "G" % A frig. This clef is invisible; use G to force the later C clef to be shown
+ \override Score.BarLine #'stencil = ##f
+
+ % The following two overrides are required to align the C staff to the G and F staves
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup #'Y-extent = #'(-1 . 1)
+
+ s1 s s s
+ \stopStaff \startStaff
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup #'Y-extent = #'(-1 . 1)
+ \revert Staff.StaffSymbol #'stencil
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #red
+ b'1 % A frig. This really shows as a middle C in the score
+ s1 s s s
+ \stopStaff \startStaff
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = 5
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+ \override Staff.Clef #'Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+ \revert Staff.StaffSymbol #'color
+ \stopStaff \startStaff
+ \clef "C"
+ s1 s s c e g c' e' g' c''
+ }
+%-- Bass Staff --%
+ \new Staff = "F" \with {
+ \remove Time_signature_engraver
+ }
+ {
+ \override Staff.Clef #'Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+% The following two overrides are required to make the two middle C's overlap
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup #'Y-extent = #'(-2 . 2)
+
+ \clef "F"
+ c1 e g s s s s s
+ }
+>>
+\layout {
+ \context {
+ \Score \override SpacingSpanner #'base-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 2 1)
+ }
+ \context {
+ \Score \override NoteHead #'Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+ }
+ \context {
+ \Score \override NoteHead #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(0 . 0)
+ }
+}
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+
@node cluster
@section cluster
projects / lilypond.git / commitdiff