* Advanced rhythmic commands::
@end menu
-
@node Bar lines and bar checks
@subsection Bar lines and bar checks
-@subheading Bar lines
+@menu
+* Bar lines::
+* Bar checks::
+@end menu
+
+@node Bar lines
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Bar lines
+
Single bar lines are automatically placed in the music so
there is no need to add them manually. Other types of bar
g1 e1 \bar "||" c2. c'4 \bar "|."
@end lilypond
-@subheading Bar checks
+@node Bar checks
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Bar checks
+
Though not strictly necessary, @emph{bar checks} should be
used in the input code to show where bar lines are expected
@node Accidentals and key signatures
@subsection Accidentals and key signatures
+@menu
+* Accidentals::
+* Key signatures::
+* Warning key signatures and pitches::
+@end menu
+
@warning{New users are often confused by these -- please read the
warning at the bottom of this page, especially if you are not
familiar with music theory!}
-@subheading Accidentals
+@node Accidentals
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Accidentals
+
@cindex accidentals
@cindex accidentals and key signatures
@end lilypond
@cindex key signature, setting
-@subheading Key signatures
+
+@node Key signatures
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Key signatures
+
@cindex key signature
@cindex major
@smallspace
-@subheading Warning: key signatures and pitches
+@node Warning key signatures and pitches
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Warning: key signatures and pitches
+
Music Glossary: @rglos{accidental}, @rglos{key signature},
@rglos{pitch}, @rglos{flat}, @rglos{natural}, @rglos{sharp},
@funindex ( ... )
@funindex \( ... \)
-@subheading Ties
+@menu
+* Ties::
+* Slurs::
+* Phrasing slurs::
+* Warnings slurs vs. ties::
+@end menu
+
+@node Ties
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Ties
Music Glossary: @rglos{tie}.
g4~ g c2~ | c4~ c8 a~ a2 |
@end lilypond
-@subheading Slurs
+@node Slurs
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Slurs
Music Glossary: @rglos{slur}.
d4( c16) cis( d e c cis d) e( d4)
@end lilypond
-@subheading Phrasing slurs
+@node Phrasing slurs
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Phrasing slurs
+
Music Glossary: @rglos{slur}, @rglos{phrasing}.
@smallspace
@cindex slurs versus ties
-@subheading Warnings: slurs vs. ties
+
+@node Warnings slurs vs. ties
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Warnings: slurs vs. ties
+
Music Glossary: @rglos{articulation}, @rglos{slur}, @rglos{tie}.
@node Articulation and dynamics
@subsection Articulation and dynamics
+@menu
+* Articulations::
+* Fingerings::
+* Dynamics::
+@end menu
+
+@node Articulations
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Articulations
-@subheading Articulations
@cindex articulation
@cindex accent
c4-> c-. c2-_
@end lilypond
-@subheading Fingerings
+@node Fingerings
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Fingerings
+
@cindex fingering
c4_-^1 d^. f^4_2-> e^-_+
@end lilypond
-@subheading Dynamics
+@node Dynamics
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Dynamics
+
@cindex dynamics
@cindex decrescendo
@node Advanced rhythmic commands
@subsection Advanced rhythmic commands
-@subheading Partial measure
+@menu
+* Partial measure::
+* Tuplets::
+* Grace notes::
+@end menu
+
+@node Partial measure
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Partial measure
+
@cindex pickup
@cindex anacrusis
c2 d |
@end lilypond
-@subheading Tuplets
+@node Tuplets
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Tuplets
+
@cindex tuplets
@cindex triplets
\tuplet 3/2 { d4 a8 }
@end lilypond
-@subheading Grace notes
+@node Grace notes
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Grace notes
+
@cindex grace notes
@cindex acciaccatura
@cindex compound music expression
@cindex music expression, compound
+@menu
+* Analogy mathematical expressions::
+* Simultaneous music expressions multiple staves::
+* Simultaneous music expressions single staff::
+@end menu
+
In LilyPond input files, music is represented by @emph{music
expressions}. A single note is a music expression:
{ { a4 g } f4 g }
@end lilypond
-@subheading Analogy: mathematical expressions
+@node Analogy mathematical expressions
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Analogy: mathematical expressions
+
This mechanism is similar to mathematical formulas: a big formula
is created by composing small formulas. Such formulas are called
polyphonic scores.
-@subheading Simultaneous music expressions: multiple staves
+@node Simultaneous music expressions multiple staves
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Simultaneous music expressions: multiple staves
+
@cindex multiple staves
@cindex staves, multiple
@code{@bs{}relative} command.}
-@subheading Simultaneous music expressions: single staff
+@node Simultaneous music expressions single staff
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Simultaneous music expressions: single staff
+
To determine the number of staves in a piece, LilyPond looks at
the beginning of the first expression. If there is a single note,
}
@end lilypond
-
-
-
@node Staff groups
@subsection Staff groups
@cindex example, first
@cindex case sensitive
+@menu
+* Producing output::
+@end menu
+
@qq{Compiling} is the term used for processing an input file in
LilyPond format to produce output file(s). Output files are
generally PDF (for printing or viewing), MIDI (for playing), and
@smallspace
-@subheading Producing output
+@node Producing output
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Producing output
@cindex PDF file
@cindex viewing music
@cindex simple notation
@cindex notation, simple
+@menu
+* Pitches::
+* Durations (rhythms)::
+* Rests::
+* Time signature::
+* Tempo marks::
+* Clef::
+* All together::
+@end menu
+
LilyPond will add some notation elements automatically. In the
next example, we have only specified four pitches, but LilyPond
has added a clef, time signature, and rhythms.
values are useful.
-@subheading Pitches
+@node Pitches
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Pitches
@cindex pitches
@cindex relative mode
quotes @code{''} and not one double quote @code{"}@tie{}!
@c " - keeps quotes in order for context-sensitive editor -td
-@subheading Durations (rhythms)
+@node Durations (rhythms)
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Durations (rhythms)
@cindex note durations
@cindex durations
}
@end lilypond
-
-@subheading Rests
+@node Rests
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Rests
@cindex rest
@cindex notating rests
@end lilypond
-@subheading Time signature
+@node Time signature
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Time signature
@cindex time signature
}
@end lilypond
-@subheading Tempo marks
+@node Tempo marks
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Tempo marks
@cindex tempo marks
@cindex metronome marks
@end lilypond
-@subheading Clef
+@node Clef
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Clef
@cindex clef
@cindex treble
@end lilypond
-@subheading All together
+@node All together
+@unnumberedsubsubsec All together
Here is a small example showing all these elements together: