Tutorial Specification:
-The LM is written in a tutorial style which introduces the
-most important concepts, structure and syntax of the
-elements of a LilyPond score in a carefully graded sequence
-of steps. Explanations of all musical concepts used in the
-Manual can be found in the Music Glossary, and readers are
-assumed to have no prior knowledge of LilyPond. The
-objective is to take readers to a level where the Notation
-Reference can be understood and employed to both adapt the
-templates in the Appendix to their needs and to begin to
-construct their own. Commonly used tweaks are introduced
-and explained. Examples are provided throughout which,
-while being focussed on the topic being introduced, are long
-enough to seem real in order to retain the readers'
-interest. Each example builds on the previous material, and
-comments are used liberally. Every new aspect is thoroughly
+The LM is written in a tutorial style which introduces the most
+important concepts, structure and syntax of the elements of a
+LilyPond score in a carefully graded sequence of steps.
+Explanations of all musical concepts used in the Manual can be
+found in the Music Glossary, and readers are assumed to have no
+prior knowledge of LilyPond. The objective is to take readers to
+a level where the Notation Reference can be understood and
+employed to both adapt the templates in the Appendix to their
+needs and to begin to construct their own scores. Commonly used
+tweaks are introduced and explained. Examples are provided
+throughout which, while being focussed on the topic being
+introduced, are long enough to seem real in order to retain the
+readers' interest. Each example builds on the previous material,
+and comments are used liberally. Every new aspect is thoroughly
explained before it is used.
@end ignore
correct Dutch naming, but let's not confuse people with this
until we get to the Basic notation chapter.
-- Add "Music glossary: @rglos{foo}" to the _top_ of the relevant
+- Add "Music Glossary: @rglos{foo}" to the _top_ of the relevant
portions of the tutorial.
@end ignore
@subheading Pitches
-Music glossary: @rglos{pitch}, @rglos{interval},
+Music Glossary: @rglos{pitch}, @rglos{interval},
@rglos{scale}, @rglos{middle C}, @rglos{octave},
@rglos{accidental}.
placed closest to the previous note -- in other words, the first
@code{c} is the closest C to middle C. This is followed by the
closest D to the previous note. We can create melodies which
-have larger intervals:
+have larger intervals, still using only @code{\relative} mode:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\relative c' {
@end lilypond
Exactly the same happens even when any of these notes are
-sharpened or flatted. @notation{Accidentals} are @strong{totally
+sharpened or flattened. @notation{Accidentals} are @strong{totally
ignored} in the calculation of relative position. Precisely the
same staff space counting is done from a note at any other
position on the staff.
@subheading Durations (rhythms)
-Music glossary: @rglos{beam}, @rglos{duration}, @rglos{whole note},
+Music Glossary: @rglos{beam}, @rglos{duration}, @rglos{whole note},
@rglos{half note}, @rglos{quarter note}, @rglos{dotted note}.
The @notation{duration} of a note is specified by a number after
a @notation{half note}, @code{4} for a @notation{quarter note} and
so on. @notation{Beams} are added automatically.
+If you do not specify a duration, the previous duration is used
+for the next note. The duration of the first note defaults to a
+quarter.
+
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\relative c'' {
a1
}
@end lilypond
-@noindent
-If you do not specify a duration, the previous duration is used
-for the next note. The duration of the first note defaults to a
-quarter.
-
-To create @notation{dotted notes}, add a dot @code{.} to the duration
-number.
+To create @notation{dotted notes}, add a dot @code{.} to the
+duration number. The duration of a dotted note must be stated
+explicitly (i.e., with a number).
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\relative c'' {
@subheading Rests
-Music glossary: @rglos{rest}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{rest}.
A @notation{rest} is entered just like a note with the name @code{r}:
@subheading Time signature
-Music glossary: @rglos{time signature}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{time signature}.
The @notation{time signature} can be set with the @code{\time}
command:
@subheading Clef
-Music glossary: @rglos{clef}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{clef}.
The @notation{clef} can be set using the @code{\clef} command:
@end example
@item
-@strong{Expressions:}
-Every piece of LilyPond input needs to have @strong{@{ curly
+@strong{Expressions}:
+every piece of LilyPond input needs to have @strong{@{ curly
braces @}} placed around the input. These braces tell LilyPond
that the input is a single music expression, just like parentheses
@code{()} in mathematics. The braces should be surrounded by a
@cindex block comment
@item
@strong{Comments}:
-A comment is a remark for the human reader of the music input; it
+a comment is a remark for the human reader of the music input; it
is ignored while parsing, so it has no effect on the printed
output. There are two types of comments. The percent symbol
@code{%} introduces a line comment; anything after @code{%} on
@end itemize
-There are more tips for constructing input files in
-@ref{Suggestions for writing LilyPond files}.
-
@node How to read the tutorial
@subsection How to read the tutorial
same output (line-width and all), copy everything from @qq{Start
cut-&-pastable section} to the bottom of the file.
+@seealso
+
+
+There are more tips for constructing input files in
+@ref{Suggestions for writing LilyPond files}.
+
+
@node Single staff notation
@section Single staff notation
@subheading Accidentals
-Music glossary: @rglos{sharp}, @rglos{flat}, @rglos{double sharp},
+Music Glossary: @rglos{sharp}, @rglos{flat}, @rglos{double sharp},
@rglos{double flat}, @rglos{accidental}.
A @notation{sharp} pitch is made by adding @code{is} to the name, and
a @notation{flat} pitch by adding @code{es}. As you might expect, a
@notation{double sharp} or @notation{double flat} is made by adding
-@code{isis} or @code{eses}. This syntax derived from note
+@code{isis} or @code{eses}. This syntax is derived from note
naming conventions in Nordic and Germanic languages, like German
and Dutch. To use other names for @notation{accidentals}, see
@ruser{Note names in other languages}.
@cindex key signature, setting
@subheading Key signatures
-Music glossary: @rglos{key signature}, @rglos{major}, @rglos{minor}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{key signature}, @rglos{major}, @rglos{minor}.
The @notation{key signature} is set with the command @code{\key}
followed by a pitch and @code{\major} or @code{\minor}.
@subheading Warning: key signatures and pitches
-Music glossary: @rglos{accidental}, @rglos{key signature},
+Music Glossary: @rglos{accidental}, @rglos{key signature},
@rglos{pitch}, @rglos{flat}, @rglos{natural}, @rglos{sharp},
@rglos{transposition}.
@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ruser{Accidentals},
+Notation Reference: @ruser{Note names in other languages}, @ruser{Accidentals},
@ruser{Automatic accidentals}, @ruser{Key signature}.
-Music glossary: @rglos{Pitch names}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{Pitch names}.
@node Ties and slurs
@cindex ties
@subheading Ties
-Music glossary: @rglos{tie}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{tie}.
A @notation{tie} is created by appending a tilde @code{~} to the
first note being tied.
@cindex slurs
@subheading Slurs
-Music glossary: @rglos{slur}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{slur}.
A @notation{slur} is a curve drawn across many notes. The starting
note and ending note are marked with @code{(} and @code{)}
@cindex phrasing slurs
@subheading Phrasing slurs
-Music glossary: @rglos{phrasing}, @rglos{legato}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{phrasing}, @rglos{legato}.
Slurs to indicate longer @notation{phrasing} can be entered with
@code{\(} and @code{\)}. You can have both @notation{legato} slurs and
@cindex slurs versus ties
@subheading Warnings: slurs vs. ties
-Music glossary: @rglos{articulation}, @rglos{slur}, @rglos{tie}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{articulation}, @rglos{slur}, @rglos{tie}.
A @notation{slur} looks like a @notation{tie}, but it has a different
meaning. A tie simply makes the first note longer, and can only be
@cindex staccato
@subheading Articulations
-Music glossary: @rglos{articulation}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{articulation}.
Common @notation{articulations} can be added to a note using a
dash @code{-} and a single character:
@cindex fingering
@subheading Fingerings
-Music glossary: @rglos{fingering}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{fingering}.
+
Similarly, @notation{fingering} indications can be added to a note using
a dash (@code{-}) and the digit to be printed:
@end lilypond
Articulations and fingerings are usually placed automatically, but
-you can specify a direction using @code{^} (up) or @code{_}
+you can specify a direction by replacing the dash (@code{-}) with @code{^} (up) or @code{_}
(down). You can also use multiple articulations on the same note.
However, in most cases it is best to let LilyPond determine the
articulation directions.
@subheading Dynamics
-Music glossary: @rglos{dynamics}, @rglos{crescendo},
+Music Glossary: @rglos{dynamics}, @rglos{crescendo},
@rglos{decrescendo}.
@notation{Dynamic} signs are made by adding the markings (with a
Notation Reference: @ruser{Articulations},
@ruser{Fingering instructions}, @ruser{Dynamics}.
-Music glossary: @rglos{Dynamics}.
-
@node Adding text
@subsection Adding text
@node Automatic and manual beams
@subsection Automatic and manual beams
-Music glossary: @rglos{beam}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{beam}.
@cindex beams, by hand
All @notation{beams} are drawn automatically:
@cindex partial measure
@subheading Partial measure
-Music glossary: @rglos{anacrusis}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{anacrusis}.
A pickup (or @notation{anacrusis}) is entered with the keyword
@code{\partial}. It is followed by a duration: @code{\partial 4}
@cindex triplets
@subheading Tuplets
-Music glossary: @rglos{note value}, @rglos{triplet}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{note value}, @rglos{triplet}.
@notation{Tuplets} are made with the @code{\times} keyword. It
takes two arguments: a fraction and a piece of music. The
@cindex appoggiatura
@subheading Grace notes
-Music glossary: @rglos{grace notes}, @rglos{appoggiatura}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{grace notes}, @rglos{acciacccatura}, @rglos{appoggiatura}.
@notation{Grace notes} are created with the @code{\grace} command,
although they can also be created by prefixing a music expression
@subheading Simultaneous music expressions: multiple staves
-Music glossary: @rglos{polyphony}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{polyphony}.
This technique is useful for @notation{polyphonic} music. To
enter music with more voices or more staves, we combine
This mechanism is similar to mathematical formulas: a big formula
is created by composing small formulas. Such formulas are called
-expressions, and their definition is recursive so you can make
-arbitrarily complex and large expressions. For example,
+expressions, and they can contain other music expressions, so you
+can make arbitrarily complex and large expressions. For example,
@example
1
minus sign in mathematics. The formula @math{(4+5)} is an
expression, so @math{-(4+5)} is a bigger expression.
-Time signatures entered in one staff affects all other
+Time signatures entered in one staff affect all other
staves@footnote{This behavior may be changed if desired; for
details, see @ruser{Polymetric notation}.}. On the other hand,
the key signature of one staff does @emph{not} affect other
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\relative c'' {
<<
- \new Staff { \clef treble \time 3/4 c }
- \new Staff { \clef bass \key d \major c,, }
+ \new Staff { \clef treble \key d \major \time 3/4 c }
+ \new Staff { \clef bass c,, }
>>
}
@end lilypond
@cindex staff switch, manual
@cindex cross staff voice, manual
-Music glossary: @rglos{brace}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{brace}.
Piano music is typeset in two staves connected by a
@notation{brace}.
@cindex chords
-Music glossary: @rglos{chord}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{chord}.
@notation{Chords} can be made by surrounding pitches with single
angle brackets. Angle brackets are the symbols @code{<} and
@cindex lyrics
@cindex songs
-Music glossary: @rglos{lyrics}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{lyrics}.
Here is the start of the melody to a nursery
rhyme, @qq{Girls and boys come out to play}:
@node Aligning lyrics to a melody
@subsection Aligning lyrics to a melody
-Music glossary: @rglos{melisma}, @rglos{extender line}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{melisma}, @rglos{extender line}.
@cindex melisma
@cindex extender line