}
@end lilypond
-@cindex rests, multi-measure
-@cindex rests, whole-measure
+@cindex rest, multi-measure
+@cindex rest, whole-measure
Whole measure rests, centered in the middle of the measure, must be
entered as multi-measure rests. They can be used for a single
measure as well as many measures and are discussed in @ref{Full
measure rests}.
-@cindex rests, specifying vertical position
+@cindex rest, specifying vertical position
To explicitly specify a rest's vertical position, write a note
followed by @code{\rest}. A rest of the duration of the note will
longest and shortest), but the number of glyphs is limited: there
are rests from 128th to maxima (8 x whole).
+
@node Skips
@subsubsection Skips
@cindex invisible rest
@cindex rest, invisible
@cindex spacer note
-
-@funindex \skip
@funindex s
-An invisible rest (also called a @q{skip rest}) can be entered like a
-note with note name @code{s} or with the predefined skip command
-followed by the required duration, as shown here:
+An invisible rest (also called a @q{spacer rest}) can be entered
+like a note with the note name@tie{}@code{s}:
-@lilypond[fragment,quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2]
-% Skip the third beat in the first measure
-a4 a4 s4 a4
-% Use skip command to skip a whole note (measure)
-\skip 1
-a2 a2
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+c4 c s c
+s2 c
@end lilypond
@cindex lyrics, skip
-The @code{s} syntax is only available in note mode and chord mode.
-In other situations, for example, when entering lyrics, one must
-use the predefined skip command:
+Spacer rests are available only in note mode and chord mode. In
+other situations, for example, when entering lyrics, @code{\skip}
+is used to skip a musical moment. @code{\skip} requires an
+explicit duration.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2]
<<
- { a2 a2 }
- \new Lyrics \lyricmode { \skip 2 bla2 }
+ {
+ a2 \skip2 a2 a2
+ }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \lyricmode {
+ foo2 \skip 1 bla2
+ }
+ }
>>
@end lilypond
-The @code{s} skip rest implicitly causes @code{Staff} and
-@code{Voice} contexts to be created if none exist, just
-like notes and rests do. These in turn cause a staff with default
-clef and time signature to be printed, with bar lines if necessary.
-For example, the following results in a complete staff with three
-short empty measures:
+A spacer rest implicitly causes @code{Staff} and @code{Voice}
+contexts to be created if none exist, just like notes and rests
+do:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,ragged-right]
-{ s1 s s }
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment]
+s1 s s
@end lilypond
-However, the predefined skip command behaves differently: it is
-merely an empty musical placeholder. It does not create any
-contexts and does not cause anything to be printed, not even
-transparently. On its own it does not even print an
-empty page:
+@code{\skip} simply skips musical time; it creates no output of
+any kind.
-@example
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment]
% This is valid input, but does nothing
-@{ \skip 1 @}
-@end example
+\skip 1 \skip1 \skip 1
+@end lilypond
@seealso
b2^"Tutti" b4 a4
@end lilypond
-@funindex \expandFullBarRests
-@funindex \compressFullBarRests
-@cindex multi-measure rest, expanding
-@cindex multi-measure rest, contracting
-
-By default a multi-measure rest is expanded in the printed score
-to show all the rest measures explicitly or (as in the example
-above) it can be contracted to a single measure containing a
-multi-measure rest symbol, with the number of measures of rest
-printed above the measure:
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-% Default behavior
-\time 3/4 r2. | R2.*2 |
-\time 2/4 R2 |
-\time 4/4
-% Rest measures contracted to single measure
-\compressFullBarRests
-r1 | R1*17 | R1*4 |
-% Rest measures expanded
-\expandFullBarRests
-\time 3/4
-R2.*2 |
-@end lilypond
-
-The duration of full-measure rests is similar to the duration notation
-used for notes. The exception is that a measure of 2/4 time can
-be represented by either @code{R1} or @code{R2}. FIXME: O RLY? -gp
-The duration in a multi-measure rest must always be an integral
-number of measure-lengths, so in other time signatures augmentation
-dots or fractions must be used:
+The duration of full-measure rests is identical to the duration notation
+used for notes. The duration in a multi-measure rest must always be an
+integral number of measure-lengths, so augmentation
+dots or fractions must often be used:
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
\compressFullBarRests
\time 8/4
R1*2 |
@end lilypond
+@funindex \expandFullBarRests
+@funindex \compressFullBarRests
+@cindex multi-measure rest, expanding
+@cindex multi-measure rest, contracting
-Compressed multi-measure rests of 10 measures or less are printed as a
-combination of longa, breve, and whole rests. Rests longer than
-10 measures are indicated with a horizontal bar with
-serifs on the end.
+By default a multi-measure rest is expanded in the printed score
+to show all the rest measures explicitly.
+Alternatively, a mult-measure rest can be shown as a single measure
+containing a multi-measure rest symbol, with the number of measures of rest
+printed above the measure:
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
+% Default behavior
+\time 3/4 r2. | R2.*2 |
+\time 2/4 R2 |
\time 4/4
-R1*3 |
-\time 2/4
-R2|
-\time 4/4
-R1*5 |
-\time 2/4
-R2|
-\time 4/4
-R1*7 |
-\time 2/4
-R2|
-\time 4/4
-R1*11 |
-\time 2/4
-R2|
+% Rest measures contracted to single measure
+\compressFullBarRests
+r1 | R1*17 | R1*4 |
+% Rest measures expanded
+\expandFullBarRests
+\time 3/4
+R2.*2 |
@end lilypond
-
-
-
@cindex text on multi-measure rest
@cindex multi-measure rest, attaching text
@cindex script on multi-measure rest
@cindex fermata on multi-measure rest
@cindex multi-measure rest, attaching fermata
-Text can be added to multi-measure rests by using the
-@code{\markup} syntax described in @ref{Formatting text}.
+Markups can be added to multi-measure rests.
The predefined command @code{\fermataMarkup}
is provided for adding fermatas.
R1^"right"
@end lilypond
-Text attached to a multi-measure rest will be centered above or
-below it. Long text attached in this way does not cause the
-measure to expand, and may collide with text in adjacent measures.
-Markups can also be attached to zero-length spacer rests. When coupled
-with the predefined command @code{\textLengthOn}, the multi-measure
-rest will be expanded as necessary to accommodate the markup.
+@predefined
+@code{\textLengthOn},
+@code{\textLengthOff},
+@code{\fermataMarkup},
+@code{\compressFullBarRests},
+@code{\expandFullBarRests}.
+
+@snippets
+
+@cindex church rest
+@cindex rest, church
+@cindex kirchenpausen
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+{changing-form-of-multi--measure-rests.ly}
+
+@cindex multi-measure rests, positioning
+@cindex positioning multi-measure rests
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+{positioning-multi--measure-rests.ly}
+
+@c TODO -- convert to snippet
+Markups attached to a multi-measure rest will be centered above or
+below it. Long markups attached to multi-measure rests do not cause
+the measure to expand. To expand a multi-measure rest to fit the markup,
+use a spacer rest with an attached markup before the multi-measure rest:
@c -- music is somewhat compressed vertically. I thought it
@c was good because the emphasis is not on the content
@noindent
Note that the spacer rest causes a bar to be inserted.
-Text attached to a skip note in this way is left-aligned to the
+Text attached to a spacer rest in this way is left-aligned to the
position where the note would be placed in the measure, but if the
measure length is determined by the length of the text, the text will
appear to be centered.
-@predefined
-@code{\textLengthOn},
-@code{\textLengthOff},
-@code{\fermataMarkup},
-@code{\compressFullBarRests},
-@code{\expandFullBarRests}.
-
-@snippets
-
-@cindex church rest
-@cindex rest, church
-@cindex kirchenpausen
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
-{changing-form-of-multi--measure-rests.ly}
-
-@cindex multi-measure rests, positioning
-@cindex positioning multi-measure rests
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
-{positioning-multi--measure-rests.ly}
@seealso
numeral (10).
@cindex condensing rests
-@cindex rests, condensing ordinary
+@cindex rest, condensing ordinary
There is no way to automatically condense multiple ordinary rests
into a single multi-measure rest.
-@cindex rests, collisions of
+@cindex rest, collisions of
Multi-measure rests do not take part in rest collisions.
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