--- /dev/null
+% -*-LaTeX-*-
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{a4wide}
+\title{Mudela and LilyPond crash course}
+\author{Han-Wen Nienhuys}
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+\def\interexample{\par Produces the following:\par}
+\def\preexample{\par\medskip}
+\def\postexample{\par\medskip}
+
+
+\section{Overview}
+Mudela is a language for specifying music. LilyPond is a
+program which converts such a specification into formatted sheet
+music, or MIDI output.
+
+Please note that some examples not only demonstrate features but also
+some lurking bugs. If can't understand what is happening, it might
+just be my (lack of) programming skills.
+
+
+\begin[fragment,verbatim]{mudela}
+ { c4 e4 g4 }
+\end{mudela}
+
+
+Basics: the \verb+%+ introduces a comment. All music is inside a
+\verb+\score+ block which represents one movement, ie one contiguous
+block of music. Voices are grouped by \verb+{+ and \verb+}+ and
+chords by \verb+<+ and \verb+>+.
+
+\begin[verbatim]{mudela}
+\score {
+ \melodic { % { means voice
+ c'4 g'4 % 4 means quaver, 1 beat in 4/4 meter
+ c''4 ''c4 % c' is 1 octave up, 'c 1 down.
+ <c'4 g'4> % <> means a chord
+ }
+}
+\end{mudela}
+
+The \verb+\octave+ command controls the default pitch (octave). If you
+do not specify duration, the last one entered is used. The
+\verb+\paper+ block contains parameters for spacing and dimensions.
+
+\begin[verbatim]{mudela}
+\score {
+ % twinkle twinkle little star
+ \melodic {
+ \octave c';
+ c4 c g g a a g2
+ f4 f e e d [d8. e16] c2
+
+ }
+ \paper { linewidth = 5.\cm; }
+}
+\end{mudela}
+
+A more complex example; The multi command controls at what level the
+different components of a chord are interpreted. The LilyPond chord
+is much more general than a traditional chord. Multiple voices on a
+staff are entered as a chord of voices. A score is a chord of staffs,
+etc.
+
+\begin[verbatim]{mudela}
+
+\score{
+ \melodic
+ { \octave c'; c4 c4
+ < \multi 1; { c2 c2 } { c'2 c'2 } >
+ < \multi 2; { \stem -1; c2 c2 } { \stem 1; c'2 c'2 } >
+ < \multi 3;
+ { \clef "bass"; c2 c2 }
+ { \meter 2/4;\bar "||";
+ \key fis cis gis; c'2 c'2 } >
+ c2 c1
+ c1 c1
+ < \multi 1; < \multi 3;
+ { \meter 2/4; \clef "violin"; c2 c2 }
+ { \meter 2/4; \clef "bass"; c2 c2 }
+ >
+ < \multi 3;
+ { \meter 2/4; \clef "violin"; c2 c2 }
+ { \meter 2/4; \clef "bass"; c2 c2 }
+ >
+ >
+ }
+}
+
+\end{mudela}
+
+
+LilyPond is designed to handle complicated stuff
+automatically. Expertise should be in the program, not in the user.
+
+The following example shows how multiple voice on the same staff are
+handled graciously (well, somewhat). If the noteheads of different
+voices collide, they are moved horizontally. The same goes for the rests.
+
+\begin[verbatim]{mudela}
+two_voice = \melodic
+ < \multi 2;
+ { \octave c'; \stem -1;
+ c4 d e f g2~ g4 a [c8 d e f] c2| }
+ { \stem 1;
+ g4 f e g ~ g2 g2 c4 g4 g2 }
+
+ >
+
+two_voice_steminvert = \melodic
+ < \multi 2;
+ { \octave c'; \stem 1;
+% the f and g on 4th beat are exceptionally ugh.
+ c4 d e f g2 g4 a | }
+ { \stem -1;
+ g4 f e g g2 g2 }
+
+ >
+
+three_voice = \melodic
+ < \multi 2;
+ { \stem 1;
+ g4 f e f g a g2 }
+ { \hshift 1; \stem 1;
+ e2 e2 e2 e2 }
+ { \stem -1;
+ c4 d e d c d es }
+ >
+
+
+restsII = \melodic {
+ \octave c';
+ < \multi2;
+ { \stem 1; g'8 f' e' d' c' b a g f e d c }
+ { \stem -1; r r r r r r r r r r r r }
+ >
+ r8 r4
+ < \multi2; r8 r8 >
+ < \multi2; r8 r8 r8 >
+ < \multi2; r8 r8 r8 r8 >
+ < \multi2; r r >
+ < \multi2; r r r >
+ \stem 1;
+ [c''8 r8 c''8 c''8]
+ [c8 r8 c8 c8]
+}
+
+\score{
+ \melodic { \$two_voice \$two_voice_steminvert
+ \$three_voice \restsII }
+}
+
+\end{mudela}
+
+\end{document}
--- /dev/null
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+my $mudcount = 0;
+my $mudela_b = 0;
+my $outdir = "";
+my $outname = "";
+use Getopt::Long;
+
+sub gen_mufile
+{
+ return "$outdir/$outname$mudcount.ly";
+}
+
+sub gen_texfile
+{
+ return "$outdir/$outname$mudcount.tex";
+}
+
+sub close_mudela
+{
+ $mudela_b = 0;
+ if ($fragment_b) {
+ print MUDELA "}\n \\paper { linewidth = -1.0\\cm; } }\n";
+ $fragment_b =0;
+ }
+ if ( $verbatim_b) {
+ print BOOK "\\end{verbatim}\n\\interexample";
+ $verbatim_b =0;
+ }
+ close MUDELA;
+ my $status =0;
+ if ( -f gen_mufile ) {
+ $status = system "diff -q $outdir/book-mudela.ly " . gen_mufile;
+ } else {
+ $status = 1;
+ }
+ if ( $status ) {
+ rename "$outdir/book-mudela.ly", gen_mufile;
+ unlink gen_texfile;
+ }
+
+ if ( ! -f gen_texfile) {
+ system "lilypond ". gen_mufile;
+ rename "lelie.tex", gen_texfile;
+ }
+ print BOOK "\\preexample\\input " . gen_texfile . "\n\\postexample\n";
+
+}
+
+sub open_mudela
+{
+ $mudcount++;
+ $mudela_b = 1 ;
+ open MUDELA, ">$outdir/book-mudela.ly";
+ if ($verbatim_b) {
+ print BOOK "\\begin{verbatim}\n";
+ }
+ if ($fragment_b) {
+ print MUDELA "\\score { \\melodic {";
+ }
+
+}
+
+sub begin_b
+{
+ my ($s) = @_;
+ return (/^\\begin{$s}/) ;
+}
+
+sub end_b
+{
+ my ($s) = @_;
+ return (/^\\end{$s}/) ;
+}
+sub parse_mudela_opts
+{
+ my ($s) = @_;
+ $s =~ s/[\[\]]//g;
+
+ $verbatim_b =1 if ($s =~ /verbatim/ );
+ $fragment_b = 1 if ($s =~ /fragment/ );
+}
+
+sub main
+{
+ GetOptions( 'outdir=s', 'outname=s');
+ $outdir = $opt_outdir;
+ $outname = $opt_outname if (defined ($opt_outname) && $opt_outname);
+ open INFILE, $ARGV[0];
+
+ open BOOK, ">$outdir/$outname";
+ while (<INFILE>) {
+ if ($mudela_b) {
+ if (end_b "mudela") {
+ close_mudela;
+ next;
+ }
+ print MUDELA;
+ if ( $verbatim_b ) {
+ my $s = $_;
+ $s =~ s/\t/ /g; #shit
+ print BOOK $s;
+ }
+
+ } else {
+ if (/^\\begin(\[.*\])?{mudela}/ ) {
+ my $opts ="";
+ $opts = $1 if ( defined ($1));
+
+ parse_mudela_opts($opts);
+ open_mudela;
+ next;
+ }
+ print BOOK;
+ }
+ }
+ close INFILE;
+ close BOOK;
+}
+
+main;
projects / lilypond.git / commitdiff