* Ancient notation::
* Contemporary notation::
* Educational use::
-* Sound::
@end menu
@c FIXME: Note entry vs Music entry at top level menu is confusing.
-@node Note entry
+@node Note entry, Easier music entry, Notation manual, Notation manual
@section Note entry
@cindex Note entry
* Notes::
* Pitches::
* Chromatic alterations::
+* Micro tones::
* Chords::
* Rests::
* Skips::
* Durations::
+* Augmentation dots::
+* Scaling durations::
* Stems::
* Ties::
* Tuplets::
@end menu
-@node Notes
+@node Notes, Pitches, Note entry, Note entry
@subsection Notes
@end lilypond
-@node Pitches
+@node Pitches, Chromatic alterations, Notes, Note entry
@subsection Pitches
@cindex Pitch names
-@node Chromatic alterations
+@node Chromatic alterations, Micro tones, Pitches, Note entry
@subsection Chromatic alterations
Normally accidentals are printed automatically, but you may also
-@node Micro tones
+@node Micro tones, Chords, Chromatic alterations, Note entry
@subsection Micro tones
Half-flats and half-sharps are formed by adding @code{-eh} and
@cindex quarter tones
@cindex semi-flats, semi-sharps
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-ceseh ceh cih cisih
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2,fragment]
+{ ceseh ceh cih cisih }
@end lilypond
Micro tones are also exported to the MIDI file
There are no generally accepted standards for denoting three quarter
flats, so LilyPond's symbol does not conform to any standard.
-@node Chords
+@node Chords, Rests, Micro tones, Note entry
@subsection Chords
A chord is formed by a enclosing a set of pitches in @code{<} and
<c e g>4 <c>8
@end lilypond
-@node Rests
+@node Rests, Skips, Chords, Note entry
@subsection Rests
@cindex Rests
@c FIXME: naming.
-@node Skips
+@node Skips, Durations, Rests, Note entry
@subsection Skips
@cindex Skip
@cindex Invisible rest
-@node Durations
+@node Durations, Augmentation dots, Skips, Note entry
@subsection Durations
@end lilypond
-@node Augmentation dots
+@node Augmentation dots, Scaling durations, Durations, Note entry
@subsection Augmentation dots
If the duration is omitted then it is set to the previously entered
Program reference: @internalsref{Dots}, and @internalsref{DotColumn}.
-@node Scaling durations
+@node Scaling durations, Stems, Augmentation dots, Note entry
@subsection Scaling durations
You can alter the length of duration by a fraction @var{N/M}
This manual: @ref{Tuplets}
-@node Stems
+@node Stems, Ties, Scaling durations, Note entry
@subsection Stems
Whenever a note is found, a @internalsref{Stem} object is created
@code{\stemBoth}.
-@node Ties
+@node Ties, Tuplets, Stems, Note entry
@subsection Ties
@cindex Tie
Formatting of ties is a difficult subject. The results are often not
optimal.
-@node Tuplets
+@node Tuplets, , Ties, Note entry
@subsection Tuplets
@cindex tuplets
-@node Easier music entry
+@node Easier music entry, Staff notation, Note entry, Notation manual
@section Easier music entry
@cindex Music entry
-@node Relative octaves
+@node Relative octaves, Octave check, Easier music entry, Easier music entry
@subsection Relative octaves
@cindex Relative
@cindex relative octave specification
relative within transposed music, an additional @code{\relative} must
be placed inside @code{\transpose}.
-@node Octave check
+@node Octave check, Bar check, Relative octaves, Easier music entry
@subsection Octave check
}
@end lilypond
-@node Bar check
+@node Bar check, Skipping corrected music, Octave check, Easier music entry
@subsection Bar check
@cindex Bar check
@end lilypond
-@node Skipping corrected music
+@node Skipping corrected music, Automatic note splitting, Bar check, Easier music entry
@subsection Skipping corrected music
The property @code{Score.skipTypesetting} can be used to switch on and
c d b bes a g c2 }
@end lilypond
-@node Automatic note splitting
+@node Automatic note splitting, , Skipping corrected music, Easier music entry
@subsection Automatic note splitting
Long notes can be converted automatically to tied notes. This is done
Program reference: @internalsref{Completion_heads_engraver}.
-@node Staff notation
+@node Staff notation, Polyphony, Easier music entry, Notation manual
@section Staff notation
This section describes music notation that occurs on staff level,
-such as keys, clefs and time signatures.
+such as key signatures, clefs and time signatures.
@cindex Staff notation
* Controlling formatting of prefatory matter::
@end menu
-@node Staff symbol
+@node Staff symbol, Key signature, Staff notation, Staff notation
@subsection Staff symbol
@cindex adjusting staff symbol
exactly on the bar line.
-@node Key signature
+@node Key signature, Clef, Staff symbol, Staff notation
@subsection Key signature
@cindex Key signature
@cindex @code{keySignature}
-@node Clef
+@node Clef, Ottava brackets, Key signature, Staff notation
@subsection Clef
@cindex @code{\clef}
pitches.
-The clef can be set or changed with the @code{\clef} command
+The clef can be set with the @code{\clef} command
@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim]
-\key f\major c''2 \clef alto g'2
+{ c''2 \clef alto g'2 }
@end lilypond
Supported clef-names include
-@node Ottava brackets
+@node Ottava brackets, Time signature, Clef, Staff notation
@subsection Ottava brackets
``Ottava'' brackets introduce an extra transposition of an octave for
@code{centralCPosition}. For overriding the text of the bracket, set
@code{ottavation} after invoking @code{set-octavation}, i.e.,
-@example
-#(set-octavation 1)
-\set Staff.ottavation = #"8"
-@end example
+@lilypond[verbatim]
+{
+ #(set-octavation 1)
+ \set Staff.ottavation = #"8"
+ c'''
+}
+@end lilypond
@seealso
-@node Time signature
+@node Time signature, Partial measures, Ottava brackets, Staff notation
@subsection Time signature
@cindex Time signature
@cindex meter
Automatic beaming does not use the measure grouping specified with
@code{set-time-signature}.
-@node Partial measures
+@node Partial measures, Unmetered music, Time signature, Staff notation
@subsection Partial measures
@cindex Partial
@cindex anacrusis
The property @code{measurePosition} contains a rational number
indicating how much of the measure has passed at this point.
-@node Unmetered music
+@refbugs
+
+This command does not take into account grace notes at the start of
+the music. When a piece starts with graces notes in the pickup, then
+the @code{\partial} should follow the grace notes
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,relative,fragment]
+{
+ \grace f16
+ \partial 4
+ g4
+ a2 g2
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+
+@node Unmetered music, Bar lines, Partial measures, Staff notation
@subsection Unmetered music
@cindex @code{\bar}
-@node Bar lines
+@node Bar lines, Time administration, Unmetered music, Staff notation
@subsection Bar lines
@cindex Bar lines
@end lilypond
The following bar types are available
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=1,raggedright,verbatim]
-c4
-\bar "|" c
-\bar "" c
-\bar "|:" c
-\bar "||" c
-\bar ":|" c
-\bar ".|" c
-\bar ".|." c
-\bar ":|:" c
-\bar "|." c
-\bar ":" c
-@end lilypond
+@lilypondfile[notexidoc]{bar-lines.ly}
+
For allowing line breaks, there is a special command,
@example
- \bar "empty"
+ \bar ""
@end example
This will insert an invisible bar line, and allow line breaks at this
point.
>>
@end lilypond
-A bar line is created whenever the @code{whichBar} property is set.
-At the start of a measure it is set to the contents of
-@code{defaultBarType}. The contents of @code{repeatCommands} are used
-to override default measure bars.
The command @code{\bar }@var{bartype} is a short cut for doing
@code{\set Timing.whichBar = }@var{bartype}. Whenever @code{whichBar}
is set to a string, a bar line of that type is created.
+A bar line is created whenever the @code{whichBar} property is set.
+At the start of a measure it is set to the contents of
+@code{defaultBarType}. The contents of @code{repeatCommands} are used
+to override default measure bars.
+
@cindex @code{whichBar}
@cindex @code{repeatCommands}
@cindex @code{defaultBarType}
@seealso
-In this manual: @ref{Repeats}.
+In this manual: @ref{Repeats}, @ref{System start delimiters}
-Program reference: the bar line objects that are created at
-@internalsref{Staff} level are called @internalsref{BarLine}, the bar
-lines that span staves are @internalsref{SpanBar} objects.
+Program reference: @internalsref{BarLine} (created at
+@internalsref{Staff} level), @internalsref{SpanBar} (across staves).
@cindex bar lines at start of system
@cindex start of system
-The bar lines at the start of each system are
-@internalsref{SystemStartBar}, @internalsref{SystemStartBrace}, and
-@internalsref{SystemStartBracket}. Only one of these types is created
-in every context, and that type is determined by the property
-@code{systemStartDelimiter}.
+
Examples: @inputfileref{input/test,bar-lines.ly},
-@node Time administration
+@node Time administration, Controlling formatting of prefatory matter, Bar lines, Staff notation
@subsection Time administration
Time is administered by the @internalsref{Time_signature_engraver},
@end lilypond
-@node Controlling formatting of prefatory matter
+@node Controlling formatting of prefatory matter, , Time administration, Staff notation
@subsection Controlling formatting of prefatory matter
TODO
@end lilypond
-@node Polyphony
+@node Polyphony, Beaming, Staff notation, Notation manual
@section Polyphony
@cindex polyphony
@end lilypond
The separator causes @internalsref{Voice} contexts@footnote{Polyphonic
-voices are sometimes called "layers" other notation packages}
+voices are sometimes called "layers" in other notation packages}
@cindex layers
to be instantiated. They bear the names @code{"1"}, @code{"2"}, etc. In
each of these contexts, vertical direction of slurs, stems, etc. is set
@code{\voiceFour}.
-The following commands specify in what chords of the current voice
-should be shifted: the outer voice has @code{\shiftOff}, and the inner
-voices have @code{\shiftOn}, @code{\shiftOnn}, etc.
-
@cindex @code{\shiftOn}
@code{\shiftOn},
@cindex @code{\shiftOnnn}
@code{\shiftOnnn},
@cindex @code{\shiftOff}
-@code{\shiftOff}.
+@code{\shiftOff}: these commands specify in what chords of the current
+voice should be shifted. The outer voices (normally: voice one and
+two) have @code{\shiftOff}, while the inner voices (three and four)
+have @code{\shiftOn}. @code{\shiftOnn} and @code{\shiftOnnn} define
+further shift levels.
+
When LilyPond cannot cope, the @code{force-hshift}
property of the @internalsref{NoteColumn} object and pitched rests can
Program reference: the objects responsible for resolving collisions are
@internalsref{NoteCollision} and @internalsref{RestCollision}.
-Examples: See also example files
+Examples:
@inputfileref{input/regression,collision-dots.ly},
@inputfileref{input/regression,collision-head-chords.ly},
@inputfileref{input/regression,collision-heads.ly},
recommended to use enharmonic transcription, or to use special cluster
notation (see @ref{Clusters}).
-@node Beaming
+@node Beaming, Accidentals, Polyphony, Notation manual
@section Beaming
Beams are used to group short notes into chunks that are aligned with
* Beam formatting::
@end menu
-@node Manual beams
+@node Manual beams, Setting automatic beam behavior, Beaming, Beaming
@subsection Manual beams
@cindex beams, manual
@cindex @code{]}
In some cases it may be necessary to override the automatic beaming
algorithm. For example, the autobeamer will not put beams over rests
-or bar lines. Such beams are specified by manually: the begin and end
-point are marked with @code{[} and @code{]}
+or bar lines. Such beams are specified manually by marking the begin
+and end point with @code{[} and @code{]}
@lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
-\context Staff {
+{
r4 r8[ g' a r8] r8 g[ | a] r8
}
@end lilypond
-@node Setting automatic beam behavior
+@node Setting automatic beam behavior, Beam formatting, Manual beams, Beaming
@subsection Setting automatic beam behavior
@cindex @code{autoBeamSettings}
different parts of a measure. This means that it is not possible to use
automatic beaming in irregular meters such as @code{5/8}.
-@node Beam formatting
+@node Beam formatting, , Setting automatic beam behavior, Beaming
@subsection Beam formatting
}
@end lilypond
-@node Accidentals
+@node Accidentals, Expressive marks, Beaming, Notation manual
@section Accidentals
@cindex Accidentals
accidentals with the same pitch on the same staff, so no conflicts are
possible.
-@node Expressive marks
+@node Expressive marks, Repeats, Accidentals, Notation manual
@section Expressive marks
* Dynamics::
@end menu
-@node Slurs
+@node Slurs, Phrasing slurs, Expressive marks, Expressive marks
@subsection Slurs
@cindex Slurs
@cindex Adjusting slurs
-@node Phrasing slurs
+@node Phrasing slurs, Breath marks, Slurs, Expressive marks
@subsection Phrasing slurs
@cindex phrasing slurs
Putting phrasing slurs over rests leads to spurious warnings.
-@node Breath marks
+@node Breath marks, Metronome marks, Phrasing slurs, Expressive marks
@subsection Breath marks
Breath marks are entered using @code{\breathe}
Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,breathing-sign.ly}.
-@node Metronome marks
+@node Metronome marks, Text spanners, Breath marks, Expressive marks
@subsection Metronome marks
@cindex Tempo
-@node Text spanners
+@node Text spanners, Analysis brackets, Metronome marks, Expressive marks
@subsection Text spanners
@cindex Text spanners
Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,text-spanner.ly}.
-@node Analysis brackets
+@node Analysis brackets, Articulations, Text spanners, Expressive marks
@subsection Analysis brackets
@cindex brackets
@cindex phrasing brackets
Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,note-group-bracket.ly}.
-@node Articulations
+@node Articulations, Running trills, Analysis brackets, Expressive marks
@subsection Articulations
@cindex Articulations
-@node Running trills
+@node Running trills, Fingering instructions, Articulations, Expressive marks
@subsection Running trills
Long running trills are made with @code{\startTrillSpan} and
Program reference: @internalsref{TrillSpanner},
@internalsref{TrillSpanEvent}.
-@node Fingering instructions
+@node Fingering instructions, Text scripts, Running trills, Expressive marks
@subsection Fingering instructions
@cindex fingering
Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,finger-chords.ly}.
-@node Text scripts
+@node Text scripts, Grace notes, Fingering instructions, Expressive marks
@subsection Text scripts
@cindex Text scripts
-@node Grace notes
+@node Grace notes, Glissando, Text scripts, Expressive marks
@subsection Grace notes
and might produce crashes or other errors.
-@node Glissando
+@node Glissando, Dynamics, Grace notes, Expressive marks
@subsection Glissando
@cindex Glissando
Printing text over the line (such as @emph{gliss.}) is not supported.
-@node Dynamics
+@node Dynamics, , Glissando, Expressive marks
@subsection Dynamics
@cindex Dynamics
@internalsref{DynamicLineSpanner} object.
-@node Repeats
+@node Repeats, Rhythmic music, Expressive marks, Notation manual
@section Repeats
* Measure repeats::
@end menu
-@node Repeat syntax
+@node Repeat syntax, Repeats and MIDI, Repeats, Repeats
@subsection Repeat syntax
-@node Repeats and MIDI
+@node Repeats and MIDI, Manual repeat commands, Repeat syntax, Repeats
@subsection Repeats and MIDI
@cindex expanding repeats
@}
@end example
-@node Manual repeat commands
+@node Manual repeat commands, Tremolo repeats, Repeats and MIDI, Repeats
@subsection Manual repeat commands
@cindex @code{repeatCommands}
@internalsref{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}, and
@internalsref{FoldedRepeatedMusic}.
-@node Tremolo repeats
+@node Tremolo repeats, Tremolo subdivisions, Manual repeat commands, Repeats
@subsection Tremolo repeats
@cindex tremolo beams
Example files: @inputfileref{input/regression,chord-tremolo.ly},
@inputfileref{input/regression,stem-tremolo.ly}.
-@node Tremolo subdivisions
+@node Tremolo subdivisions, Measure repeats, Tremolo repeats, Repeats
@subsection Tremolo subdivisions
@cindex tremolo marks
@cindex @code{tremoloFlags}
Elsewhere: @internalsref{StemTremolo}, @internalsref{TremoloEvent}.
-@node Measure repeats
+@node Measure repeats, , Tremolo subdivisions, Repeats
@subsection Measure repeats
@cindex percent repeats
-@node Rhythmic music
+@node Rhythmic music, Piano music, Repeats, Notation manual
@section Rhythmic music
@end menu
-@node Showing melody rhythms
+@node Showing melody rhythms, Entering percussion, Rhythmic music, Rhythmic music
@subsection Showing melody rhythms
Sometimes you might want to show only the rhythm of a melody. This
Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,rhythmic-staff.ly}.
-@node Entering percussion
+@node Entering percussion, Percussion staves, Showing melody rhythms, Rhythmic music
@subsection Entering percussion
@cindex percussion
Program reference: @internalsref{DrumNoteEvent}.
-@node Percussion staves
+@node Percussion staves, , Entering percussion, Rhythmic music
@subsection Percussion staves
@cindex percussion
@cindex drums
Because general MIDI does not contain rim shots, the sidestick is used
for this purpose instead.
-@node Piano music
+@node Piano music, Vocal music, Rhythmic music, Notation manual
@section Piano music
Piano staves are two normal staves coupled with a brace. The staves
@inputfileref{input/test,piano-staff-distance.ly}.
-@node Automatic staff changes
+@node Automatic staff changes, Manual staff switches, Piano music, Piano music
@subsection Automatic staff changes
@cindex Automatic staff changes
will be ignored.
-@node Manual staff switches
+@node Manual staff switches, Pedals, Automatic staff changes, Piano music
@subsection Manual staff switches
@cindex manual staff switches
@end example
-@node Pedals
+@node Pedals, Arpeggio, Manual staff switches, Piano music
@subsection Pedals
@cindex Pedals
c\sostenutoDown d e c, f g a\sostenutoUp
@end lilypond
-@node Arpeggio
+@node Arpeggio, Staff switch lines, Pedals, Piano music
@subsection Arpeggio
@cindex Arpeggio
It is not possible to mix connected arpeggios and unconnected
arpeggios in one @internalsref{PianoStaff} at the same time.
-@node Staff switch lines
+@node Staff switch lines, Cross staff stems, Arpeggio, Piano music
@subsection Staff switch lines
@code{\hideStaffSwitch}.
-@node Cross staff stems
+@node Cross staff stems, , Staff switch lines, Piano music
@subsection Cross staff stems
The chords which cross staves may be produced by increasing the length
@end lilypond
-@node Vocal music
+@node Vocal music, Other instrument specific notation, Piano music, Notation manual
@section Vocal music
* Ambitus::
@end menu
-@node Entering lyrics
+@node Entering lyrics, The Lyrics context, Vocal music, Vocal music
@subsection Entering lyrics
-@node The Lyrics context
+@node The Lyrics context, Flexibility in alignment, Entering lyrics, Vocal music
@subsection The Lyrics context
@c TODO: document \new Staff << Voice \lyricsto >> bug
-@node Flexibility in alignment
+@node Flexibility in alignment, More stanzas, The Lyrics context, Vocal music
@subsection Flexibility in alignment
-@node More stanzas
+@node More stanzas, Ambitus, Flexibility in alignment, Vocal music
@subsection More stanzas
@cindex phrasing, in lyrics
-@node Ambitus
+@node Ambitus, , More stanzas, Vocal music
@subsection Ambitus
@cindex ambitus
There is no collision handling in the case of multiple per-voice
ambitus.
-@node Other instrument specific notation
+@node Other instrument specific notation, Tablatures, Vocal music, Notation manual
@section Other instrument specific notation
@menu
* Harmonic notes::
@end menu
-@node Harmonic notes
+@node Harmonic notes, , Other instrument specific notation, Other instrument specific notation
@subsection Harmonic notes
@cindex artificial harmonics
@end lilypond
-@node Tablatures
+@node Tablatures, Popular music, Other instrument specific notation, Notation manual
@section Tablatures
@cindex tablature
* Non-guitar tablatures::
@end menu
-@node Tablatures basic
+@node Tablatures basic, Non-guitar tablatures, Tablatures, Tablatures
@subsection Tablatures basic
@cindex Tablatures basic
chord.
-@node Non-guitar tablatures
+@node Non-guitar tablatures, , Tablatures basic, Tablatures
@subsection Non-guitar tablatures
@cindex Non-guitar tablatures
Program reference: @internalsref{Tab_note_heads_engraver}.
-@node Popular music
+@node Popular music, Orchestral music, Tablatures, Notation manual
@section Popular music
* Improvisation::
@end menu
-@node Chord names
+@node Chord names, Chords mode, Popular music, Popular music
@subsection Chord names
@cindex Chords
@menu
-* Multiple staff contexts::
+* System start delimiters::
* Aligning to cadenzas::
* Rehearsal marks::
* Bar numbers::
* Quoting other voices::
@end menu
-@node Multiple staff contexts
-@subsection Multiple staff contexts
+@node System start delimiters
+@subsection System start delimiters
Polyphonic scores consist of many staves. These staves can be
constructed in three different ways
@cindex staff group
+@seealso
+
+The bar lines at the start of each system are
+@internalsref{SystemStartBar}, @internalsref{SystemStartBrace}, and
+@internalsref{SystemStartBracket}. Only one of these types is created
+in every context, and that type is determined by the property
+@code{systemStartDelimiter}.
+
@node Aligning to cadenzas
@subsection Aligning to cadenzas
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