@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics and repeats
@cindex repeats and lyrics
-
-@c see http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/lilypond-user/2010-07/msg00022.html
-@c see http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/lilypond-user/2010-06/msg00472.html
+@cindex lyrics, repeating
@subheading Simple repeats
@ref{Repeats}. This section explains how to add lyrics to repeated
sections of music.
-Lyrics to a volta repeat can be written exactly as if the music was
-not repeated, if the words are unchanged.
+Lyrics to a section of music that is repeated should be surrounded
+by exactly the same repeat construct as the music, if the words are
+unchanged.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\score {
\new Lyrics {
\lyricsto "melody" {
Not re -- peat -- ed.
- Re -- peat -- ed twice.
+ \repeat volta 2 { Re -- peat -- ed twice. }
}
}
>>
}
@end lilypond
-But if an unfold repeat is used, both the lyrics and the music must
-be repeated (assuming the repeated words are the same), otherwise
-the repeated section will have no lyrics.
+The words will then be correctly expanded if the repeats are
+unfolded.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\score {
- <<
- \new Staff {
- \new Voice = "melody" {
- \relative c'' {
- a4 a a a
- \repeat unfold 2 { b4 b b b }
+ \unfoldRepeats {
+ <<
+ \new Staff {
+ \new Voice = "melody" {
+ \relative c'' {
+ a4 a a a
+ \repeat volta 2 { b4 b b b }
+ }
}
}
- }
- \new Lyrics {
- \lyricsto "melody" {
- Not re -- peat -- ed.
- \repeat unfold 2 { Re -- peat -- ed twice. }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Not re -- peat -- ed.
+ \repeat volta 2 { Re -- peat -- ed twice. }
+ }
}
- }
- >>
+ >>
+ }
}
@end lilypond
}
@end lilypond
+@cindex lyric skip
+@funindex \skip
+
When the words to a repeated volta section are different the words
-to each repeat must entered in separate @code{Lyrics} contexts.
+to each repeat must be entered in separate @code{Lyrics} contexts.
Earlier unrepeated sections must be skipped in the second and
subsequent repeats. The easiest way to skip several notes is to
-use @code{\repeat unfold} around the @code{\skip}.
+use @code{\repeat unfold} around the lyric skip symbol, @code{_}.
+The @code{\skip} command can be used instead of @code{_} if desired.
-@warning{The @code{\skip} command must be followed by a number,
-but this number is ignored in lyric mode. Each @code{\skip} skips
-a single note of any value, irrespective of the value of the
+@warning{The @code{@bs{}skip} command must be followed by a number,
+but this number is ignored in lyric mode. Each @code{@bs{}skip}
+skips a single note of any value, irrespective of the value of the
following number.}
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new Lyrics {
\lyricsto "melody" {
% skip 4 notes of any duration
- \repeat unfold 4 { \skip 1 }
+ \repeat unfold 4 { _ }
Sec -- ond time words.
}
}
}
@end lilypond
-An alternative way, which avoids having to count notes, is to use a
-temporary voice for the repeated section. This may be useful if
-the earlier sections are still subject to change. A temporary voice
-can be inserted anywhere in the main music stream in parallel with
-it, as shown below, but it may be necessary to keep the main voice
-alive in complex scores when using this technique; see
-@ref{Keeping contexts alive}.
+@cindex lyrics, repeating with a temporary voice
+
+An alternative way, which avoids skips and having to count notes,
+is to use a temporary voice for the repeated section. This may be
+preferable if the earlier sections are still subject to change. A
+temporary voice can be inserted anywhere in the main music stream
+in parallel with it, as shown below, but it may be necessary to
+keep the main voice alive in complex scores when using this
+technique; see @ref{Keeping contexts alive}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\score {
@subheading Repeats with alternative endings
-TBC
+@cindex lyrics, repeats with alternative endings
+@cindex repeating lyrics with alternative endings
+@cindex alternative endings and lyrics
+
+If the words of the repeated section are the same, exactly the
+same structure can be used for both the lyrics and music.
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new Staff {
+ \time 2/4
+ \new Voice = "melody" {
+ \relative c'' {
+ a4 a a a
+ \repeat volta 2 { b4 b }
+ \alternative { { b b } { b c } }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Not re -- peat -- ed.
+ \repeat volta 2 { Re -- peat -- }
+ \alternative { { ed twice. } { ed twice. } }
+ }
+ }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+But when the repeated section has different words, a repeat
+construct cannot be used around the words and @code{\skip} commands
+or lyric skips, @code{_}, have to be inserted manually as described
+in the previous section to skip over the notes in the alternative
+sections which do not apply.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new Staff {
+ \time 2/4
+ \new Voice = "melody" {
+ \relative c'' {
+ \repeat volta 2 { b4 b }
+ \alternative { { b b } { b c } }
+ c4 c
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \lyricsto "melody" {
+ The first time words.
+ _ _ End here.
+ }
+ }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Sec -- ond _ _ time words.
+ }
+ }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@cindex lyrics and tied notes
+@funindex \repeatTie
+
+When a note is tied over into two or more alternative endings a
+tie is used to carry the note into the first alternative ending and
+a @code{\repeatTie} is used in the second and subsequent endings.
+This structure causes difficult alignment problems when lyrics are
+involved and increasing the length of the alternative sections so
+the tied notes are contained wholly within them may give a more
+acceptable result.
+
+The tie creates a melisma into the first alternative, but not into
+the second and subsequent alternatives, so to align the lyrics
+correctly it is necessary to disable the automatic creation of
+melismata over the volta section and insert manual skips.
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new Staff {
+ \time 2/4
+ \new Voice = "melody" {
+ \relative c'' {
+ \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
+ \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+ \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
+ \unset melismaBusyProperties
+ c4 c
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \lyricsto "melody" {
+ \repeat volta 2 { Here's a __ }
+ \alternative {
+ { _ verse }
+ { _ sec }
+ }
+ ond one.
+ }
+ }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Note that if @code{\unfoldRepeats} is used around a section
+containing @code{\repeatTie}, the @code{\repeatTie} should be
+removed to avoid both types of tie being printed.
+
+When the repeated section has different words a @code{\repeat}
+cannot be used around the lyrics and skips need to be inserted
+manually, as before.
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new Staff {
+ \time 2/4
+ \new Voice = "melody" {
+ \relative c'' {
+ \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+ \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
+ c4 c
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Here's a __ verse.
+ _ _ to sing.
+ }
+ }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Here's one _ _ more
+ }
+ }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+If you wish to show extenders and hyphens into and out of
+alternative sections these must be inserted manually.
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new Staff {
+ \time 2/4
+ \new Voice = "melody" {
+ \relative c'' {
+ \repeat volta 2 { b4 b ~}
+ \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
+ c4 c
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Here's a __ verse.
+ _ _ -ond one.
+ }
+ }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Here's "a_" _ "_" sec-
+ }
+ }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
@node Divisi lyrics
projects / lilypond.git / commitdiff