X-Git-Url: https://git.donarmstrong.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=Documentation%2Fuser%2Fvocal.itely;h=d9fedf2c5538036a9edfd2abdc66c238bb72384a;hb=85b83630668459fb322aa7eedf8536e24656a17c;hp=5384baf12586ee11b9f2591f260e465b456727bc;hpb=2afe63ce18d7c2754e84078a722cff416d74fe10;p=lilypond.git diff --git a/Documentation/user/vocal.itely b/Documentation/user/vocal.itely index 5384baf125..d9fedf2c55 100644 --- a/Documentation/user/vocal.itely +++ b/Documentation/user/vocal.itely @@ -6,145 +6,145 @@ version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details. @end ignore -@c \version "2.11.51" +@c \version "2.11.61" @node Vocal music @section Vocal music -@c TODO: CLARIFY -@c TODO: delete this comment block -@c http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248 -@c Done, see @node Lyrics independent of notes ----FV +@c TODO: inspirational headword -@c http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=329 -@c Done, see @node Working with lyrics and variables ----FV +This section explains how to typeset vocal music, and make sure +that the lyrics will be aligned with the notes of their melody. -@c partially done, needs improvement, see Switching to an alternative melody ----FV -@ignore +@menu +* Common notation for vocal music:: +* Entering lyrics:: +* Aligning lyrics to a melody:: +* Specific uses of lyrics:: +* Stanzas:: +@end menu -> I think the issue here is that changing the associatedVoice -> happens one step -> later than expected. I could be wrong, but I don't think this -> is obviously -> documented. - -If you read section "Switching the melody associated with a lyrics -line" -it indeed says "Again, the command must be one syllable too -early,..."! -One problem with the current formulation is that the "Again" -refers to what's described 2 subsections earlier in "Lyrics to -multiple notes of a melisma", which isn't obvious unless you have -read all the sections -sequentially. - - -@c Done in @node Extenders and hyphens ---FV -@c also done (duplicated) in @node Multiple notes to one syllable --FV -I don't know who's working on the vocal music right now, but I -found something that should be clarified in NR 2.1.2.4. - -It should be made clear that __ is used to crate a lyric extender, -and _ is used to add a note to a melisma, so both __ and _ are -used. The example shows it, but there is no description of the -lyrics extender in this section. -@end ignore +@node Common notation for vocal music +@subsection Common notation for vocal music -Since LilyPond input files are text, there are two issues to consider -when working with vocal music: +This section discusses issues related to vocal music in general, and +to some particular styles of vocal music. + +@menu +* References for vocal music and lyrics:: +* Opera:: +* Song books:: +* Chants:: +* Spoken music:: +* Ancient vocal music:: +@end menu + + +@node References for vocal music and lyrics +@unnumberedsubsubsec References for vocal music and lyrics + +@c TODO: split this section in two parts? -vv + +Various issues may arise when engraving vocal music. Some of these +are discussed in this section, while others are explained elsewhere: @itemize @item -Song texts must be interpreted as text, not notes. For example, the -input@tie{}@code{d} should be interpreted as a one letter syllable, -not the note@tie{}D. +Most styles of vocal music use written text as lyrics. An introduction +to this notation is to be found in @rlearning{Setting simple songs}. @item -Song texts must be aligned with the notes of their melody. -@end itemize +Vocal music is likely to require the use of @code{markup} mode, either +for lyrics of for other text elements (character's names, etc.). +This syntax is described in @ref{Text markup introduction}. -To address the first issue, the fundamental method is the special mode -opened by @code{\lyricmode} that interprets its contents as text. -This mode is implicit by some abbreviated methods, as we will see. +@item +Lead sheets may be printed by combining vocal parts and @q{chord mode}; +this syntax is explained in @ref{Chord notation}. -Aligning of text with melodies can be made automatically, but if you -specify the durations of the syllables it can also be made manually. -Lyrics aligning and typesetting are prepared with the help of skips, -hyphens and extender lines. +@item +@q{Ambitus} may be added at the beginning of vocal staves, as explained +in @ref{Ambitus}. -All these methods and their combinations lead to a few different ways -to define lyrics; we shall begin by examining the simplest method, and -gradually increase complexity. +@item +Vocal parts may be printed using traditional clefs, as shown in @ref{Clef}. -@menu -* Common notation for vocals:: -* Aligning lyrics to a melody:: -* Placement of lyrics:: -* Stanzas:: -@end menu +@item +Ancient vocal music is supported, as explained in @ref{Ancient notation}. +@end itemize -@node Common notation for vocals -@subsection Common notation for vocals +@node Opera +@unnumberedsubsubsec Opera -@menu -* References for vocal music:: -* Setting simple songs:: -* Entering lyrics:: -* Working with lyrics and variables:: -@end menu +@c TODO +TBC -@node References for vocal music -@subsubsection References for vocal music +@c add characters names snippet -vv +@node Song books +@unnumberedsubsubsec Song books + +@c TODO TBC -@c TODO Add @refs -@q{Parlato} is spoken without pitch but still with rhythm; it is -notated by cross note heads. This is demonstrated in -@ref{Special note heads}. +@snippets +@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle] +{simple-lead-sheet.ly} +@seealso +Notation Reference: +@ref{Chord notation}. + +@node Spoken music +@unnumberedsubsubsec Spoken music +@cindex parlato +@cindex Sprechgesang +Such effects as @q{parlato} or @q{Sprechgesang} require perfomers to speak +without pitch but still with rhythm; these are notated by cross +note heads, as demonstrated in @ref{Special note heads}. + +@c TODO add "marking-notes-on-spoken-parts" snippet -vv +@c add "showing the rhythm of a melody" snip +@c add "one staff-line notation" +@c add "improvisation" ref +@c add "lyrics independents of notes" ref -@node Setting simple songs -@subsubsection Setting simple songs +@node Chants +@unnumberedsubsubsec Chants -@cindex \addlyrics +@c TODO Add text from lsr and -user +TBC -The easiest way to add lyrics to a melody is to append +@node Ancient vocal music +@unnumberedsubsubsec Ancient vocal music -@example -\addlyrics @{ @var{the lyrics} @} -@end example +@c TODO +TBC -@noindent -to a melody. Here is an example, +@c Add "Printing both the ancient and the modern clef in vocal music" snippet, +@c and "Transcription of Ancient music with incipit" snippet. -vv -@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote] -\time 3/4 -\relative c' { c2 e4 g2. } -\addlyrics { play the game } -@end lilypond +@seealso +Notation Reference: +@ref{Ancient notation}. -More stanzas can be added by adding more -@code{\addlyrics} sections -@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote] -\time 3/4 -\relative c' { c2 e4 g2. } -\addlyrics { play the game } -\addlyrics { speel het spel } -\addlyrics { joue le jeu } -@end lilypond +@node Entering lyrics +@subsection Entering lyrics -The command @code{\addlyrics} cannot handle polyphony settings. For these -cases you should use @code{\lyricsto} and @code{\lyricmode}, as will be -introduced in @ref{Entering lyrics}. +@c TODO add one sentence here. -vv +@menu +* Lyrics explained:: +* Setting simple songs:: +* Working with lyrics and variables:: +@end menu -@node Entering lyrics -@subsubsection Entering lyrics +@node Lyrics explained +@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics explained @cindex lyrics @funindex \lyricmode @@ -152,6 +152,15 @@ introduced in @ref{Entering lyrics}. @cindex spaces, in lyrics @cindex quotes, in lyrics +@c FIXME: this section is to be rewritten. +Since LilyPond input files are text, there is at least one +issue to consider when working with vocal music: +song texts must be interpreted as text, not notes. For example, the +input@tie{}@code{d} should be interpreted as a one letter syllable, +not the note@tie{}D. +Therefore, a special lyric mode has to be used, either explicitely +or using some abbreviated methods. + Lyrics are entered in a special input mode, which can be introduced by the keyword @code{\lyricmode}, or by using @code{\addlyrics} or @code{\lyricsto}. In this mode you can enter lyrics, @@ -224,9 +233,11 @@ between syllables, or use tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie. \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to } @end lilypond -The lyric tie is implemented with the Unicode character U+203F, so be -sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this -glyph. +@noindent +The lyric tie is implemented with the Unicode character +@code{U+203F}; therefore a font that includes this glyph +(such as DejaVuLGC) has to be used. More explanations about +text and non-text fonts can be found in @ref{Fonts}. To enter lyrics with characters from non-English languages, or with @@ -279,12 +290,54 @@ verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @} @seealso +Notation Reference: +@ref{Fonts}. + Internals Reference: @rinternals{LyricText}, @rinternals{LyricSpace}. +@c FIXME: this title has to be changed (possible confusion with LM) -vv +@node Setting simple songs +@unnumberedsubsubsec Setting simple songs + +@cindex \addlyrics + +The easiest way to add lyrics to a melody is to append + +@example +\addlyrics @{ @var{the lyrics} @} +@end example + +@noindent +to a melody. Here is an example, + +@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote] +\time 3/4 +\relative c' { c2 e4 g2. } +\addlyrics { play the game } +@end lilypond + +More stanzas can be added by adding more +@code{\addlyrics} sections + +@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote] +\time 3/4 +\relative c' { c2 e4 g2. } +\addlyrics { play the game } +\addlyrics { speel het spel } +\addlyrics { joue le jeu } +@end lilypond + +The command @code{\addlyrics} cannot handle polyphony settings. For these +cases you should use @code{\lyricsto} and @code{\lyricmode}, as will be +introduced in @ref{Lyrics explained}. + +@c TODO: one additional section may be needed here, +@c such as "advanced lyric syntax" or whatever -vv + @node Working with lyrics and variables -@subsubsection Working with lyrics and variables +@unnumberedsubsubsec Working with lyrics and variables @cindex lyrics, variables @@ -338,7 +391,7 @@ The final input would resemble @end example @ignore - +@c FIXME http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=329 The problem cannot be reproduced. The following has no sense, because the issue seems to be fixed. @@ -384,6 +437,12 @@ Internals Reference: @funindex \addlyrics @funindex \lyricsto +@c FIXME: this stuff is to be rewritten. -vv + +Aligning of text with melodies can be made automatically, but if you +specify the durations of the syllables it can also be made manually. +Lyrics aligning and typesetting are prepared with the help of skips, +hyphens and extender lines. Lyrics are printed by interpreting them in the context called @rinternals{Lyrics}. @@ -417,7 +476,7 @@ explicitly, using @code{\lyricmode} @end menu @node Automatic syllable durations -@subsubsection Automatic syllable durations +@unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic syllable durations @cindex automatic syllable durations @cindex lyrics and melodies @@ -479,7 +538,7 @@ is the same as @end example @node Manual syllable durations -@subsubsection Manual syllable durations +@unnumberedsubsubsec Manual syllable durations Lyrics can also be entered without @code{\addlyrics} or @code{\lyricsto}. In this case, @@ -523,7 +582,7 @@ Internals Reference: @node Multiple syllables to one note -@subsubsection Multiple syllables to one note +@unnumberedsubsubsec Multiple syllables to one note @funindex _ @@ -555,7 +614,7 @@ Internals Reference: @node Multiple notes to one syllable -@subsubsection Multiple notes to one syllable +@unnumberedsubsubsec Multiple notes to one syllable @cindex melisma @cindex melismata @@ -570,6 +629,9 @@ single syllable; such vocalises are called melismas, or melismata. You can define melismata entirely in the lyrics, by entering @code{_} for every extra note that has to be added to the the melisma. +@c FIXME: clarify: __ is used to crate a lyric extender, +@c _ is used to add a note to a melisma, so both __ and _ are needed. + @c verbose! --FV @c duplicated: TODO fix Additionaly, you can make an extender line to be typeset to indicate @@ -617,8 +679,7 @@ In addition, notes are considered a melisma if they are manually beamed, and automatic beaming (see @ref{Setting automatic beam behavior}) is switched off. -@c TODO: there might be some more relevant place for -@c the following link (?) +@c FIXME: this now links to LM -vv @cindex SATB @cindex choral score @@ -635,9 +696,6 @@ A complete example of a SATB score setup is in section @seealso -Internals Reference: -@rinternals{Melisma_translator}. - @c @lsr{vocal,lyric@/-combine.ly}. @knownissues @@ -646,11 +704,13 @@ Melismata are not detected automatically, and extender lines must be inserted by hand. @node Skipping notes -@subsubsection Skipping notes +@unnumberedsubsubsec Skipping notes Making a lyric line run slower than the melody can be achieved by inserting @code{\skip}s into the lyrics. For every @code{\skip}, -the text will be delayed another note. +the text will be delayed another note. The @code{\skip} command +must be followed by a valid duration, but this is ignored when +@code{\skip} is used in lyrics. For example, @@ -664,7 +724,7 @@ For example, @node Extenders and hyphens -@subsubsection Extenders and hyphens +@unnumberedsubsubsec Extenders and hyphens @cindex melisma @cindex extender @@ -702,14 +762,16 @@ Internals Reference: @rinternals{LyricHyphen} @node Lyrics and repeats -@subsubsection Lyrics and repeats +@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics and repeats @c TODO New section. Add text TBC -@node Placement of lyrics -@subsection Placement of lyrics +@node Specific uses of lyrics +@subsection Specific uses of lyrics + +@c FIXME This whole section is to be reorganized. -vv Often, different stanzas of one song are put to one melody in slightly differing ways. Such variations can still be captured with @@ -718,7 +780,6 @@ differing ways. Such variations can still be captured with @menu * Divisi lyrics:: * Lyrics independent of notes:: -* Chants:: * Spacing out syllables:: * Centering lyrics between staves:: @end menu @@ -726,7 +787,7 @@ differing ways. Such variations can still be captured with @node Divisi lyrics -@subsubsection Divisi lyrics +@unnumberedsubsubsec Divisi lyrics You can display alternate (or divisi) lyrics by naming voice contexts and attaching lyrics to those specific contexts. @@ -772,7 +833,7 @@ section. @node Lyrics independent of notes -@subsubsection Lyrics independent of notes +@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics independent of notes @cindex Devnull context @@ -812,15 +873,8 @@ the implicit melismata get ignored. @c this clarifies http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248 - -@node Chants -@subsubsection Chants - -@c TODO Add text from lsr and -user -TBC - @node Spacing out syllables -@subsubsection Spacing out syllables +@unnumberedsubsubsec Spacing out syllables @cindex Spacing lyrics @cindex Lyrics, increasing space between @@ -862,11 +916,13 @@ layout. } @end lilypond -@snippets -@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle] -{aligning-lyrics.ly} - +@c @snippets +@c This snippet has been renamed to "lyrics-alignment.ly" +@c update as soon as lsr/is updated -vv +@c @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle] +@c {lyrics-alignment.ly} +@c TODO: move to LSR -vv @snippets Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins is @@ -903,7 +959,7 @@ To make lyrics avoid bar lines as well, use @node Centering lyrics between staves -@subsubsection Centering lyrics between staves +@unnumberedsubsubsec Centering lyrics between staves @c TODO Add text from -user TBC @@ -922,7 +978,7 @@ TBC @node Adding stanza numbers -@subsubsection Adding stanza numbers +@unnumberedsubsubsec Adding stanza numbers @cindex stanza number @@ -977,7 +1033,7 @@ stanzaOneThree = { @end ignore @node Adding dynamics marks to stanzas -@subsubsection Adding dynamics marks to stanzas +@unnumberedsubsubsec Adding dynamics marks to stanzas Stanzas differing in loudness may be indicated by putting a dynamics mark before each stanza. In LilyPond, everything coming in @@ -1003,7 +1059,7 @@ text = { @end lilypond @node Adding singers' names to stanzas -@subsubsection Adding singers' names to stanzas +@unnumberedsubsubsec Adding singers' names to stanzas @cindex singer name @cindex name of singer @@ -1025,7 +1081,7 @@ the line, just like instrument names. They are created by setting @end lilypond @node Stanzas with different rhythms -@subsubsection Stanzas with different rhythms +@unnumberedsubsubsec Stanzas with different rhythms @subsubheading Ignoring melismata @@ -1129,6 +1185,7 @@ This is achieved with Here, @code{alternative} is the name of the @code{Voice} context containing the triplet. +@c FIXME: make this easier to understand -vv This command must be one syllable too early, before @q{Ty} in this case. In other words, changing the associatedVoice happens one step later than expected. This is for technical reasons, and it is not a @@ -1151,7 +1208,7 @@ The underlay is switched back to the starting situation by assigning @node Printing stanzas at the end -@subsubsection Printing stanzas at the end +@unnumberedsubsubsec Printing stanzas at the end Sometimes it is appropriate to have one stanza set to the music, and the rest added in verse form at @@ -1196,7 +1253,7 @@ its fleece was white as snow. @node Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns -@subsubsection Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns +@unnumberedsubsubsec Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns When a piece of music has many verses, they are often printed in multiple columns across the page. An outdented verse number often @@ -1268,8 +1325,7 @@ text = \lyricmode { Internals Reference: @rinternals{LyricText}, -@rinternals{StanzaNumber}, -@rinternals{VocalName}. +@rinternals{StanzaNumber}.