X-Git-Url: https://git.donarmstrong.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=Documentation%2Fuser%2Frepeats.itely;h=31f1e87fcc98d262ac32dd8db06e72a839236213;hb=ef8ddd4b533bddf631a5e207eba4a68e7e251173;hp=8eaacf806b33a4725b8f1be0c75e5a9c3c86c757;hpb=cb406b7240a26981b865c4136ed95b6bd9c1afc9;p=lilypond.git diff --git a/Documentation/user/repeats.itely b/Documentation/user/repeats.itely index 8eaacf806b..31f1e87fcc 100644 --- a/Documentation/user/repeats.itely +++ b/Documentation/user/repeats.itely @@ -9,8 +9,11 @@ @node Repeats @section Repeats -Repetition is a central concept in music, and multiple notations exist -for repetitions. +@lilypondfile[ragged-right,line-width=16\cm,staffsize=16,quote] +{repeats-headword.ly} + +Repetition is a central concept in music, and multiple notations +exist for repetitions. @menu * Writing repeats:: @@ -26,7 +29,6 @@ Blah blah * Normal repeats:: * Repeat syntax:: * Manual repeat commands:: -* Repeats and MIDI:: @end menu @node Normal repeats @@ -81,9 +83,9 @@ c1 \alternative { {f2 d} {f\repeatTie f,} } @end lilypond -It is possible to shorten volta brackets -by setting @code{voltaSpannerDuration}. In the next example, the -bracket only lasts one measure, which is a duration of 3/4. +It is possible to shorten volta brackets by setting +@code{voltaSpannerDuration}. In the next example, the bracket +only lasts one measure, which is a duration of 3/4. @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote] \relative c''{ @@ -96,8 +98,8 @@ bracket only lasts one measure, which is a duration of 3/4. } @end lilypond -If you want to start a repeat at the beginning of a line and have a -double bar at the end of the previous line, use +If you want to start a repeat at the beginning of a line and have +a double bar at the end of the previous line, use @example @dots{} \bar "||:" \break @@ -108,7 +110,9 @@ see @ref{Bar lines} for more information. @seealso -Program reference: @internalsref{VoltaBracket}, +Snippets: @lsrdir{repeats} + +Internals Reference: @internalsref{VoltaBracket}, @internalsref{RepeatedMusic}, @internalsref{VoltaRepeatedMusic}, and @internalsref{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}. @@ -140,10 +144,11 @@ is ambiguous, since it is is not clear to which @code{\repeat} the having the @code{\alternative} belong to the inner @code{\repeat}. For clarity, it is advisable to use braces in such situations. -Timing information is not remembered at the start of an alternative, -so after a repeat timing information must be reset by hand; for -example, by setting @code{Score.measurePosition} or entering -@code{\partial}. Similarly, slurs or ties are also not repeated. +Timing information is not remembered at the start of an +alternative, so after a repeat timing information must be reset by +hand; for example, by setting @code{Score.measurePosition} or +entering @code{\partial}. Similarly, slurs or ties are also not +repeated. @@ -152,8 +157,8 @@ example, by setting @code{Score.measurePosition} or entering @cindex repeats -LilyPond has one syntactic construct for specifying different types of -repeats. The syntax is +LilyPond has one syntactic construct for specifying different +types of repeats. The syntax is @example \repeat @var{variant} @var{repeatcount} @var{repeatbody} @@ -172,8 +177,8 @@ If you have alternative endings, you may add @noindent where each @var{alternative} is a music expression. If you do not -give enough alternatives for all of the repeats, the first alternative -is assumed to be played more than once. +give enough alternatives for all of the repeats, the first +alternative is assumed to be played more than once. The following types of repetition are supported @@ -185,18 +190,19 @@ is included in MIDI output. @item volta Repeats are not written out, but alternative endings (volte) are -printed, left to right with brackets. This is the standard notation -for repeats with alternatives. These are not played in MIDI output by -default. +printed, left to right with brackets. This is the standard +notation for repeats with alternatives. These are not played in +MIDI output by default. @item tremolo -Make tremolo beams. These are not played in MIDI output by default. +Make tremolo beams. These are not played in MIDI output by +default. @item percent -Make beat or measure repeats. These look like percent signs. These -are not played in MIDI output by default. Percent repeats must be -declared within a @code{Voice} context. +Make beat or measure repeats. These look like percent signs. +These are not played in MIDI output by default. Percent repeats +must be declared within a @code{Voice} context. @end table @@ -206,8 +212,8 @@ declared within a @code{Voice} context. @funindex repeatCommands -The property @code{repeatCommands} can be used to control the layout of -repeats. Its value is a Scheme list of repeat commands. +The property @code{repeatCommands} can be used to control the +layout of repeats. Its value is a Scheme list of repeat commands. @table @asis @item @code{start-repeat} @@ -217,10 +223,10 @@ Print a @code{|:} bar line. Print a @code{:|} bar line. @item @code{(volta @var{text})} -Print a volta bracket saying @var{text}: The text can be specified as -a text string or as a markup text, see @ref{Text markup}. Do not -forget to change the font, as the default number font does not contain -alphabetic characters; +Print a volta bracket saying @var{text}: The text can be specified +as a text string or as a markup text, see @ref{Text markup}. Do +not forget to change the font, as the default number font does not +contain alphabetic characters; @item @code{(volta #f)} Stop a running volta bracket. @@ -237,50 +243,11 @@ c4 c4 @seealso -Program reference: @internalsref{VoltaBracket}, -@internalsref{RepeatedMusic}, -@internalsref{VoltaRepeatedMusic}, and -@internalsref{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}. +Snippets: @lsrdir{repeats} -@node Repeats and MIDI -@unnumberedsubsubsec Repeats and MIDI - -@cindex expanding repeats -@funindex \unfoldRepeats - -With a little bit of tweaking, all types of repeats can be present -in the MIDI output. This is achieved by applying the -@code{\unfoldRepeats} music function. This function changes all -repeats to unfold repeats. - -@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,line-width=8.0\cm] -\unfoldRepeats { - \repeat tremolo 8 {c'32 e' } - \repeat percent 2 { c''8 d'' } - \repeat volta 2 {c'4 d' e' f'} - \alternative { - { g' a' a' g' } - {f' e' d' c' } - } -} -\bar "|." -@end lilypond - -When creating a score file using @code{\unfoldRepeats} for MIDI, -it is necessary to make two @code{\score} blocks: one for MIDI (with -unfolded repeats) and one for notation (with volta, tremolo, and -percent repeats). For example, - -@example -\score @{ - @var{..music..} - \layout @{ .. @} -@} -\score @{ - \unfoldRepeats @var{..music..} - \midi @{ .. @} -@} -@end example +Internals Reference: @internalsref{VoltaBracket}, +@internalsref{RepeatedMusic}, @internalsref{VoltaRepeatedMusic}, +and @internalsref{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}. @node Other repeats @@ -297,8 +264,9 @@ percent repeats). For example, @cindex tremolo beams -To place tremolo marks between notes, use @code{\repeat} with tremolo -style +To place tremolo marks between notes, use @code{\repeat} with +tremolo style + @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right] \new Voice \relative c' { \repeat tremolo 8 { c16 d16 } @@ -309,19 +277,23 @@ style Tremolo marks can also be put on a single note. In this case, the note should not be surrounded by braces. + @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right] \repeat tremolo 4 c'16 @end lilypond -Similar output is obtained using the tremolo subdivision, described in -@ref{Tremolo subdivisions}. +Similar output is obtained using the tremolo subdivision, +described in @ref{Tremolo subdivisions}. @seealso -In this manual: @ref{Tremolo subdivisions}, @ref{Repeats}. +Notation Reference: @ref{Tremolo subdivisions}, @ref{Repeats}. -Program reference: @internalsref{Beam}, @internalsref{StemTremolo}. +Snippets: @lsrdir{repeats} + +Internals Reference: @internalsref{Beam}, +@internalsref{StemTremolo}. @node Tremolo subdivisions @@ -331,11 +303,11 @@ Program reference: @internalsref{Beam}, @internalsref{StemTremolo}. @funindex tremoloFlags Tremolo marks can be printed on a single note by adding -@q{@code{:}[@var{number}]} after the note. The number indicates the -duration of the subdivision, and it must be at least 8. A -@var{length} value of 8 gives one line across the note stem. If the -length is omitted, the last value (stored in @code{tremoloFlags}) is -used +@q{@code{:}[@var{number}]} after the note. The number indicates +the duration of the subdivision, and it must be at least 8. A +@var{length} value of 8 gives one line across the note stem. If +the length is omitted, the last value (stored in +@code{tremoloFlags}) is used @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment] c'2:8 c':32 | c': c': | @@ -344,12 +316,15 @@ c'2:8 c':32 | c': c': | @refbugs -Tremolos entered in this way do not carry over into the MIDI output. +Tremolos entered in this way do not carry over into the MIDI +output. @seealso -In this manual: @ref{Tremolo repeats}. +Notation Reference: @ref{Tremolo repeats}. + +Snippets: @lsrdir{repeats} Elsewhere: @internalsref{StemTremolo}. @@ -360,11 +335,12 @@ Elsewhere: @internalsref{StemTremolo}. @cindex percent repeats @cindex measure repeats -In the @code{percent} style, a note pattern can be repeated. It is -printed once, and then the pattern is replaced with a special sign. -Patterns of one and two measures are replaced by percent-like signs, -patterns that divide the measure length are replaced by slashes. -Percent repeats must be declared within a @code{Voice} context. +In the @code{percent} style, a note pattern can be repeated. It +is printed once, and then the pattern is replaced with a special +sign. Patterns of one and two measures are replaced by +percent-like signs, patterns that divide the measure length are +replaced by slashes. Percent repeats must be declared within a +@code{Voice} context. @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right] \new Voice \relative c' { @@ -373,8 +349,8 @@ Percent repeats must be declared within a @code{Voice} context. } @end lilypond -Measure repeats of more than 2 measures get a counter, if you switch -on the @code{countPercentRepeats} property, +Measure repeats of more than 2 measures get a counter, if you +switch on the @code{countPercentRepeats} property, @lilypond[relative=2,fragment,quote,verbatim,ragged-right] \new Voice { @@ -385,7 +361,7 @@ on the @code{countPercentRepeats} property, -Isolated percents can also be printed. This is done by putting a +Isolated percents can also be printed. This is done by putting a multi-measure rest with a different print function, @lilypond[fragment,verbatim,quote] @@ -399,7 +375,9 @@ R1 @seealso -Program reference: @internalsref{RepeatSlash}, +Snippets: @lsrdir{repeats} + +Internals Reference: @internalsref{RepeatSlash}, @internalsref{PercentRepeat}, @internalsref{DoublePercentRepeat}, @internalsref{DoublePercentRepeatCounter}, @internalsref{PercentRepeatCounter},