X-Git-Url: https://git.donarmstrong.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=Documentation%2Fuser%2Fpitches.itely;h=fce608a7c86883bcf1d8f37f66851cbf7af1f45c;hb=1423508c355989fa26a8cfe5985b0d6e1ab0a538;hp=977ac59fe36104e619a24967d2e5e03b1bf6b854;hpb=974b5c76bc9606752de44d128c13a9f2adc0e322;p=lilypond.git

diff --git a/Documentation/user/pitches.itely b/Documentation/user/pitches.itely
index 977ac59fe3..fce608a7c8 100644
--- a/Documentation/user/pitches.itely
+++ b/Documentation/user/pitches.itely
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     version that you are working on.  See TRANSLATION for details.
 @end ignore
 
-@c \version "2.11.61"
+@c \version "2.12.0"
 
 
 @node Pitches
@@ -47,7 +47,9 @@ mode.  In most cases, relative mode will be more convenient.
 @cindex pitches
 @cindex absolute
 @cindex absolute octave specification
+@cindex octave specification, absolute
 @cindex absolute octave entry
+@cindex octave entry, absolute
 
 A pitch name is specified using lowercase letters@tie{}@code{a}
 through@tie{}@code{g}.  The note names @code{c} to @code{b} are
@@ -62,6 +64,7 @@ d e f g
 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex octave changing mark
+
 @funindex '
 @funindex ,
 
@@ -93,7 +96,11 @@ Snippets:
 
 @cindex relative
 @cindex relative octave entry
+@cindex octave entry, relative
 @cindex relative octave specification
+@cindex ocatve specification, relative
+
+@funindex relative
 @funindex \relative
 
 When octaves are specified in absolute mode it is easy to
@@ -168,6 +175,50 @@ large intervals:
 }
 @end lilypond
 
+When @code{\relative} blocks are nested, the innermost
+@code{\relative} block applies.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative c' {
+  c d e f
+  \relative c'' {
+    c d e f
+  }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@code{\relative} has no effect on @code{\chordmode} blocks.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new Staff {
+  \relative c''' {
+    \chordmode { c1 }
+  }
+  \chordmode { c1 }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@code{\relative} is not allowed inside of @code{\chordmode} blocks.
+
+Music inside a @code{\transpose} block is absolute unless a
+@code{\relative} is included.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative c' {
+  d e
+  \transpose f g {
+    d e
+    \relative c' {
+      d e
+    }
+  }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+
+@cindex chords and relative octave entry
+@cindex relative octave entry and chords
+
 If the preceding item is a chord, the first note of the chord is
 used as the reference point for the octave placement of a
 following note or chord.  Inside chords, the next note is always
@@ -219,18 +270,15 @@ Internals Reference:
 
 @cindex relative octave entry and transposition
 @cindex transposition and relative octave entry
+
 @funindex \transpose
+@funindex transpose
 @funindex \chordmode
+@funindex chordmode
 @funindex \relative
+@funindex relative
 
 
-@knownissues
-
-The relative conversion will not affect @code{\transpose},
-@code{\chordmode} or @code{\relative} sections in its argument.
-To use relative mode within transposed music, an additional
-@code{\relative} must be placed inside @code{\transpose}.
-
 @c DEPRECATED
 If no @var{startpitch} is specified for @code{\relative},
 then@tie{}@code{c'} is assumed.  However, this is a deprecated
@@ -256,6 +304,7 @@ see @rlearning{Accidentals and key signatures}.}
 
 @cindex note names, Dutch
 @cindex note names, default
+@cindex default note names
 @cindex sharp
 @cindex flat
 @cindex double sharp
@@ -286,7 +335,8 @@ a4 aes a2
 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex quarter tones
-@cindex semi-flats, semi-sharps
+@cindex semi-flats
+@cindex semi-sharps
 
 Quarter tones may be added; the following is a series of Cs with
 increasing pitches:
@@ -301,11 +351,13 @@ ceseh1 ces ceh c cih cis cisih
 @cindex accidental, cautionary
 @cindex accidental, parenthesized
 @cindex reminder accidental
-@funindex ?
 @cindex cautionary accidental
 @cindex parenthesized accidental
+
+@funindex ?
 @funindex !
 
+
 Normally accidentals are printed automatically, but you may also
 print them manually.  A reminder accidental can be forced by
 adding an exclamation mark@tie{}@code{!} after the pitch.  A
@@ -388,8 +440,13 @@ any standard.
 
 There are predefined sets of note and accidental names for various
 other languages.  To use them, include the language-specific init
-file listed below.  For example, to use English notes names, add
-@code{@w{\include "english.ly"}} to the top of the input file.
+file listed below.  For example, to use English note names, add
+@code{@w{\include "english.ly"}} to the input file.
+
+@warning{Because some other include files (such as @code{@w{predefined-fretboards.ly}})
+use default (Nederlands) note names, the @code{@bs{}include}
+command for the language file should be placed after all other
+LilyPond distribution files.}
 
 The available language files and the note names they define are:
 
@@ -443,7 +500,7 @@ and the accidental suffixes they define are:
   @tab -s/-sharp @tab -f/-flat @tab -ss/-x/-sharpsharp
     @tab -ff/-flatflat
 @item @file{espanol.ly}
-  @tab -s @tab -b @tab -ss @tab -bb
+  @tab -s @tab -b @tab -ss/-x @tab -bb
 @item @file{italiano.ly}
   @tab -d @tab -b @tab -dd @tab -bb
 @item @file{norsk.ly}
@@ -498,6 +555,8 @@ languages, no special names have been defined yet.
   @tab -ih @tab -eh @tab -isih @tab -eseh
 @item @file{english.ly}
   @tab -qs @tab -qf @tab -tqs @tab -tqf
+@item @file{espanol.ly}
+  @tab -cs @tab -cb @tab -tcs @tab -tcb
 @item @file{italiano.ly}
   @tab -sd @tab -sb @tab -dsd @tab -bsb
 @item @file{portugues.ly}
@@ -530,8 +589,10 @@ This section discusses how to modify pitches.
 @cindex octave correction
 @cindex octave check
 @cindex control pitch
+
 @funindex =
 @funindex \octaveCheck
+@funindex octaveCheck
 @funindex controlpitch
 
 In relative mode, it is easy to forget an octave changing mark.
@@ -605,7 +666,9 @@ Internals Reference:
 @cindex transposition of notes
 @cindex pitches, transposition of
 @cindex notes, transposition of
+
 @funindex \transpose
+@funindex transpose
 
 A music expression can be transposed with @code{\transpose}.  The
 syntax is
@@ -621,6 +684,9 @@ with pitch @var{frompitch} is changed to @var{topitch} and any
 other note is transposed by the same interval.  Both pitches are
 entered in absolute mode.
 
+@warning{Music inside a @code{@bs{}transpose} block is absolute
+unless a @code{@bs{}relative} is included in the block.}
+
 Consider a piece written in the key of D-major.  It can be
 transposed up to E-major; note that the key signature is
 automatically transposed as well.
@@ -670,8 +736,6 @@ music = \relative c' { c d e f }
 }
 @end lilypond
 
-@cindex transposing instruments
-@cindex instruments, transposing
 
 @code{\transpose} may also be used in a different way, to input
 written notes for a transposing instrument.  The previous examples
@@ -709,6 +773,7 @@ see @ref{Instrument transpositions}.
 
 @seealso
 Notation Reference:
+@ref{Relative octave entry},
 @ref{Instrument transpositions}.
 
 Snippets:
@@ -719,8 +784,11 @@ Internals Reference:
 
 
 @funindex \transpose
+@funindex transpose
 @funindex \chordmode
+@funindex chordmode
 @funindex \relative
+@funindex relative
 
 @knownissues
 
@@ -729,7 +797,6 @@ The relative conversion will not affect @code{\transpose},
 To use relative mode within transposed music, an additional
 @code{\relative} must be placed inside @code{\transpose}.
 
-
 @node Displaying pitches
 @subsection Displaying pitches
 
@@ -748,7 +815,6 @@ This section discusses how to alter the output of pitches.
 @node Clef
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Clef
 
-@funindex \clef
 @cindex G clef
 @cindex C clef
 @cindex F clef
@@ -781,6 +847,9 @@ This section discusses how to alter the output of pitches.
 @cindex clef, varbaritone
 @cindex subbass clef, subbass
 
+@funindex \clef
+@funindex clef
+
 The clef may be altered.  Middle C is shown in every example.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
@@ -816,6 +885,16 @@ c2 c
 c2 c
 \clef tab
 c2 c
+
+\break
+
+\clef G
+c2 c
+\clef F
+c2 c
+\clef C
+c2 c
+
 @end lilypond
 
 Further supported clefs are described under @ref{Mensural clefs}
@@ -825,6 +904,7 @@ and @ref{Gregorian clefs}.
 @cindex clef, transposing
 @cindex octave transposition
 @cindex choral tenor clef
+@cindex tenor clef, choral
 
 By adding@tie{}@code{_8} or@tie{}@code{^8} to the clef name, the
 clef is transposed one octave down or up, respectively,
@@ -866,7 +946,9 @@ Internals Reference:
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Key signature
 
 @cindex key signature
+
 @funindex \key
+@funindex key
 
 @c duplicated in Key signature and Accidentals
 @warning{New users are sometimes confused about accidentals and
@@ -885,14 +967,24 @@ at the start of the staff.  The key signature may be altered:
 @end example
 
 @funindex \major
+@funindex major
 @funindex \minor
+@funindex minor
 @funindex \ionian
+@funindex ionian
 @funindex \locrian
+@funindex locrian
 @funindex \aeolian
+@funindex aeolian
 @funindex \mixolydian
+@funindex mixolydian
 @funindex \lydian
+@funindex lydian
 @funindex \phrygian
+@funindex phrygian
 @funindex \dorian
+@funindex dorian
+
 @cindex church modes
 @cindex modes
 @cindex major
@@ -958,7 +1050,10 @@ Internals Reference:
 @cindex 8va
 @cindex 8ve
 @cindex octavation
+
 @funindex set-octavation
+@funindex \ottava
+@funindex ottava
 
 @notation{Ottava brackets} introduce an extra transposition of an
 octave for the staff:
@@ -1002,7 +1097,9 @@ Internals Reference:
 @cindex transposing instrument
 @cindex MIDI
 @cindex MIDI transposition
+
 @funindex \transposition
+@funindex transposition
 
 When typesetting scores that involve transposing instruments, some
 parts can be typeset in a different pitch than the
@@ -1034,8 +1131,8 @@ playing in unison.
 \new GrandStaff <<
   \new Staff = "violin" {
     \relative c'' {
-      \set Staff.instrumentName = "Vln"
-      \set Staff.midiInstrument = "violin"
+      \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Vln"
+      \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"violin"
       % not strictly necessary, but a good reminder
       \transposition c'
 
@@ -1046,7 +1143,7 @@ playing in unison.
   \new Staff = "clarinet" {
     \relative c'' {
       \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup { Cl (B\flat) }
-      \set Staff.midiInstrument = "clarinet"
+      \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"clarinet"
       \transposition bes
 
       \key d \major
@@ -1061,7 +1158,7 @@ example, a clarinetist may switch from an A clarinet to a B-flat
 clarinet.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\set Staff.instrumentName = "Cl (A)"
+\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Cl (A)"
 \key a \major
 \transposition a
 c d e f
@@ -1096,8 +1193,10 @@ Snippets:
 @cindex accidentals, automatic
 @cindex automatic accidentals
 @cindex default accidental style
+
 @funindex set-accidental-style
 @funindex voice
+@funindex default
 
 There are many different conventions on how to typeset
 accidentals.  LilyPond provides a function to specify which
@@ -1124,7 +1223,6 @@ style in all staves of the current @code{StaffGroup}, use:
 The following accidental styles are supported.  To demonstrate
 each style, we use the following example:
 
-@funindex default
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 musicA = {
@@ -1198,6 +1296,7 @@ both staves.
 
 @cindex default accidental style
 @cindex accidental style, default
+
 @funindex default
 
 This is the default typesetting behavior.  It corresponds to
@@ -1261,6 +1360,7 @@ musicB = {
 @cindex modern accidental style
 @cindex accidental style, modern-cautionary
 @cindex modern-cautionary accidental style
+
 @funindex voice
 
 The normal behavior is to remember the accidentals at
@@ -1328,6 +1428,7 @@ musicB = {
 
 @cindex accidentals, modern style
 @cindex modern style accidentals
+
 @funindex modern
 
 This rule corresponds to the common practice in the twentieth
@@ -1392,6 +1493,7 @@ musicB = {
 @cindex modern cautionary accidental style
 @cindex modern style accidentals
 @cindex modern style cautionary accidentals
+
 @funindex modern-cautionary
 
 This rule is similar to @code{modern}, but the @q{extra}
@@ -1455,6 +1557,7 @@ musicB = {
 @cindex modern accidental style
 @cindex modern accidentals
 @cindex multivoice accidentals
+
 @funindex modern-voice
 
 This rule is used for multivoice accidentals to be read both by
@@ -1515,6 +1618,7 @@ musicB = {
 @cindex accidental style, cautionary, modern voice
 @cindex accidental style, modern voice cautionary
 @cindex accidental style, voice, modern cautionary
+
 @funindex modern-voice-cautionary
 
 @item modern-voice-cautionary
@@ -1577,6 +1681,7 @@ musicB = {
 @cindex accidentals, piano
 @cindex piano accidental style
 @cindex piano accidentals
+
 @funindex piano
 
 This rule reflects twentieth-century practice for piano notation.
@@ -1635,7 +1740,6 @@ musicB = {
 
 @item piano-cautionary
 
-@funindex piano-cautionary
 @cindex accidentals, piano cautionary
 @cindex cautionary accidentals, piano
 @cindex piano cautionary accidentals
@@ -1643,6 +1747,8 @@ musicB = {
 @cindex cautionary accidental style, piano
 @cindex piano cautionary accidental style
 
+@funindex piano-cautionary
+
 This is the same as @code{piano} but with the extra accidentals
 typeset as cautionaries.
 
@@ -1694,10 +1800,11 @@ musicB = {
 
 @item neo-modern
 
-@funindex neo-modern
 @cindex neo-modern accidental style
 @cindex accidental style, neo-modern
 
+@funindex neo-modern
+
 This rule reproduces a common practice in contemporary music:
 accidentals are printed like with @code{modern}, but they are printed
 again if the same note appears later in the same measure -- except
@@ -1751,10 +1858,11 @@ musicB = {
 
 @item neo-modern-cautionary
 
-@funindex neo-modern-cautionary
 @cindex neo-modern-cautionary accidental style
 @cindex accidental style, neo-modern-cautionary
 
+@funindex neo-modern-cautionary
+
 This rule is similar to @code{neo-modern}, but the extra
 accidentals are printed as cautionary accidentals.
 
@@ -1807,10 +1915,11 @@ musicB = {
 
 @item dodecaphonic
 
-@funindex dodecaphonic
 @cindex dodecaphonic accidental style
 @cindex dodecaphonic style, neo-modern
 
+@funindex dodecaphonic
+
 This rule reflects a practice introduced by composers at
 the beginning of the 20th century, in an attempt to
 abolish the hierarchy between natural and non-natural notes.
@@ -1866,10 +1975,11 @@ musicB = {
 
 @item teaching
 
-@funindex teaching
 @cindex teaching accidental style
 @cindex accidental style, teaching
 
+@funindex teaching
+
 This rule is intended for students, and makes it easy to create
 scale sheets with automagically created cautionary accidentals.
 Accidentals are printed like with @code{modern}, but cautionary
@@ -1928,10 +2038,11 @@ musicB = {
 
 @item no-reset
 
-@funindex no-reset
 @cindex accidental style, no reset
 @cindex no reset accidental style
 
+@funindex no-reset
+
 This is the same as @code{default} but with accidentals lasting
 @q{forever} and not only within the same measure:
 
@@ -1983,10 +2094,11 @@ musicB = {
 
 @item forget
 
-@funindex forget
 @cindex forget accidental style
 @cindex accidental style, forget
 
+@funindex forget
+
 This is the opposite of @code{no-reset}: Accidentals are not
 remembered at all -- and hence all accidentals are typeset
 relative to the key signature, regardless of what came before in
@@ -2173,6 +2285,7 @@ This section suggests ways of altering note heads.
 @cindex guitar note heads
 @cindex note head styles
 @cindex styles, note heads
+
 @funindex cross
 
 Note heads may be altered:
@@ -2227,6 +2340,11 @@ Internals Reference:
 @cindex easy play note heads
 @cindex note heads, easy play
 
+@funindex \easyHeadsOn
+@funindex easyHeadsOn
+@funindex \easyHeadsOff
+@funindex easyHeadsOff
+
 The @q{easy play} note head includes a note name inside the head.
 It is used in music for beginners.  To make the letters readable,
 it should be printed in a large font size.  To print with a larger
@@ -2245,9 +2363,7 @@ font, see @ref{Setting the staff size}.
 
 
 @predefined
-@funindex \easyHeadsOn
 @code{\easyHeadsOn},
-@funindex \easyHeadsOff
 @code{\easyHeadsOff}.
 @endpredefined
 
@@ -2275,9 +2391,13 @@ Internals Reference:
 @cindex shape notes
 @cindex Aiken shape note heads
 @cindex sacred harp note heads
+
 @funindex \key
+@funindex key
 @funindex \aikenHeads
+@funindex aikenHeads
 @funindex \sacredHarpHeads
+@funindex sacredHarpHeads
 
 In shape note head notation, the shape of the note head
 corresponds to the harmonic function of a note in the scale.  This
@@ -2296,9 +2416,7 @@ base of the scale is determined by the @code{\key} command.
 
 
 @predefined
-@funindex \aikenHeads
 @code{\aikenHeads},
-@funindex \sacredHarpHeads
 @code{\sacredHarpHeads}.
 @endpredefined
 
@@ -2334,6 +2452,11 @@ Internals Reference:
 @cindex note heads, improvisation
 @cindex note heads, slashed
 
+@funindex \improvisationOn
+@funindex improvisationOn
+@funindex \improvisationOff
+@funindex improvisationOff
+
 Improvisation is sometimes denoted with slashed note heads, where
 the performer may choose any pitch but should play the specified
 rhythm.  Such note heads can be created:
@@ -2354,9 +2477,7 @@ rhythm.  Such note heads can be created:
 
 
 @predefined
-@funindex \improvisationOn
 @code{\improvisationOn},
-@funindex \improvisationOff
 @code{\improvisationOff}.
 @endpredefined