X-Git-Url: https://git.donarmstrong.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=Documentation%2Fuser%2Finput.itely;h=392fbb3ea00f7094959440fdf70b8cefaefbffdb;hb=72c8c9aef2cff0a61953a52adaf83d6dd74f8b18;hp=8be7691a178112175a77abc4dae540e0f7c9499b;hpb=2afe63ce18d7c2754e84078a722cff416d74fe10;p=lilypond.git

diff --git a/Documentation/user/input.itely b/Documentation/user/input.itely
index 8be7691a17..392fbb3ea0 100644
--- a/Documentation/user/input.itely
+++ b/Documentation/user/input.itely
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
     version that you are working on.  See TRANSLATION for details.
 @end ignore
 
-@c \version "2.11.51"
+@c \version "2.11.61"
 
 @node General input and output
 @chapter General input and output
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ This section deals with general LilyPond input and output issues,
 rather than specific notation.
 
 @menu
-* Input structure::
-* Titles and headers::
-* Working with input files::
-* Controlling output::
-* MIDI output::
+* Input structure::             
+* Titles and headers::          
+* Working with input files::    
+* Controlling output::          
+* MIDI output::                 
 @end menu
 
 
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ The main format of input for LilyPond are text files.  By convention,
 these files end with @code{.ly}.
 
 @menu
-* Structure of a score::
-* Multiple scores in a book::
-* File structure::
+* Structure of a score::        
+* Multiple scores in a book::   
+* File structure::              
 @end menu
 
 
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ foo = @{ c4 d e d @}
 @end example
 
 This can be used later on in the file by entering @code{\foo}.  The
-name of an variable should have alphabetic characters only; no
+name of a variable should have alphabetic characters only; no
 numbers, underscores or dashes.
 
 @end itemize
@@ -337,10 +337,10 @@ Almost all printed music includes a title and the composer's name;
 some pieces include a lot more information.
 
 @menu
-* Creating titles::
-* Custom titles::
-* Reference to page numbers::
-* Table of contents::
+* Creating titles::             
+* Custom titles::               
+* Reference to page numbers::   
+* Table of contents::           
 @end menu
 
 
@@ -373,32 +373,32 @@ Subsubtitle, centered below the subtitle.
 
 @funindex poet
 @item poet
-Name of the poet, flush-left below the subtitle.
+Name of the poet, flush-left below the subsubtitle.
+
+@funindex instrument
+@item instrument
+Name of the instrument, centered below the subsubtitle.  Also
+centered at the top of pages (other than the first page).
 
 @funindex composer
 @item composer
-Name of the composer, flush-right below the subtitle.
+Name of the composer, flush-right below the subsubtitle.
 
 @funindex meter
 @item meter
 Meter string, flush-left below the poet.
 
-@funindex opus
-@item opus
-Name of the opus, flush-right below the composer.
-
 @funindex arranger
 @item arranger
-Name of the arranger, flush-right below the opus.
-
-@funindex instrument
-@item instrument
-Name of the instrument, centered below the arranger.  Also
-centered at the top of pages (other than the first page).
+Name of the arranger, flush-right below the composer.
 
 @funindex piece
 @item piece
-Name of the piece, flush-left below the instrument.
+Name of the piece, flush-left below the meter.
+
+@funindex opus
+@item opus
+Name of the opus, flush-right below the arranger.
 
 @cindex page breaks, forcing
 @funindex breakbefore
@@ -428,13 +428,13 @@ may use any @ref{Formatting text}, commands in the header.
 \book {
   \header {
     dedication = "dedicated to me"
-    title = \markup \center-align { "Title first line" "Title second line,
+    title = \markup \center-column { "Title first line" "Title second line,
 longer" }
     subtitle = "the subtitle,"
     subsubtitle = #(string-append "subsubtitle LilyPond version "
 (lilypond-version))
     poet = "Poet"
-    composer =  \markup \center-align { "composer" \small "(1847-1973)" }
+    composer =  \markup \center-column { "composer" \small "(1847-1973)" }
     texttranslator = "Text Translator"
     meter = \markup { \teeny "m" \tiny "e" \normalsize "t" \large "e" \huge
 "r" }
@@ -498,14 +498,14 @@ Note that the music expression must come before the @code{\header}.
 }
 @end lilypond
 
-@funindex printallheaders
+@funindex print-all-headers
 @noindent
 You may change this behavior (and print all the headers when defining
 @code{\header} inside @code{\score}) by using
 
 @example
 \paper@{
-  printallheaders=##t
+  print-all-headers = ##t
 @}
 @end example
 
@@ -760,10 +760,10 @@ Init files: @file{../ly/@/toc@/-init@/.ly}.
 @section Working with input files
 
 @menu
-* Including LilyPond files::
-* Different editions from one source::
-* Text encoding::
-* Displaying LilyPond notation::
+* Including LilyPond files::    
+* Different editions from one source::  
+* Text encoding::               
+* Displaying LilyPond notation::  
 @end menu
 
 
@@ -885,8 +885,8 @@ the structure of the score will make it easier to change the
 structure while leaving the notation untouched.
 
 @menu
-* Using variables::
-* Using tags::
+* Using variables::             
+* Using tags::                  
 @end menu
 
 @node Using variables
@@ -1171,22 +1171,38 @@ portuguese = \lyricmode {
 @end lilypond
 
 To enter a single character for which the Unicode escape sequence
-is known but which is not available in the editor being used, enter
+is known but which is not available in the editor being used, use
+@code{\char ##xhhhh} within a @code{\markup} block, where
+@code{hhhh} is the hexadecimal code for the character required.
+For example, @code{\char ##x03BE} enters the Unicode U+03BE
+character, which has the Unicode name @qq{Greek Small Letter Xi}.
+Any Unicode hexadecimal code may be substituted, and if all special
+characters are entered in this format it is not necessary to save
+the input file in UTF-8 format.  Of course, a font containing all
+such encoded characters must be installed and available to LilyPond.
+
+The following example shows UTF-8 coded characters being used in
+four places -- in a rehearsal mark, as articulation text, in lyrics
+and as stand-alone text below the score:
 
-@example
-#(ly:export (ly:wide-char->utf-8 #x03BE))
-@end example
-
-where in this example @code{x03BE} is the hexadecimal code for the
-Unicode U+03BE character, which has the Unicode name @qq{Greek Small
-Letter Xi}.  Any Unicode hexadecimal code may be substituted, and
-if all special characters are entered in this format it is not
-necessary to save the input file in UTF-8 format.
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\score {
+  \relative c'' {
+    c1 \mark \markup { \char ##x03EE }
+    c1_\markup { \tiny { \char ##x03B1 " to " \char ##x03C9 } }
+  }
+  \addlyrics { O \markup { \concat{ Ph \char ##x0153 be! } } }
+}
+\markup { "Copyright 2008" \char ##x00A9 }
+@end lilypond
 
-@knownissues
+To enter the copyright sign in the copyright notice use:
 
-The @code{ly:export} format may be used in text within @code{\mark} or
-@code{\markup} commands but not in lyrics.
+@example
+\header @{
+  copyright = \markup @{ \char ##x00A9 "2008" @}
+@}
+@end example
 
 @node Displaying LilyPond notation
 @subsection Displaying LilyPond notation
@@ -1224,8 +1240,8 @@ lilypond file.ly >display.txt
 @section Controlling output
 
 @menu
-* Extracting fragments of music::
-* Skipping corrected music::
+* Extracting fragments of music::  
+* Skipping corrected music::    
 @end menu
 
 @node Extracting fragments of music
@@ -1332,11 +1348,12 @@ settings.  Therefore the midi file should not have more than 15 staves
 (or 14 if you do not use drums).  Other staves will remain silent.
 
 @menu
-* Creating MIDI files::
-* MIDI block::
-* What goes into the MIDI output?::
-* Repeats in MIDI::
-* Controlling MIDI dynamics::
+* Creating MIDI files::         
+* MIDI block::                  
+* What goes into the MIDI output?::  
+* Repeats in MIDI::             
+* Controlling MIDI dynamics::   
+* Percussion in MIDI::          
 @end menu
 
 @node Creating MIDI files
@@ -1546,6 +1563,7 @@ player that supports pitch bend.)
 @item Dynamic marks
 @item Crescendi, decrescendi over multiple notes
 @item Tempo changes entered with a tempo marking
+@item Lyrics
 @end itemize
 
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Unsupported in MIDI
@@ -1562,8 +1580,6 @@ The following items of notation have no effect on the MIDI output:
 @item Crescendi, decrescendi over a single note
 @item Tremolos entered with @q{@code{:}[@var{number}]}
 @item Figured bass
-@c TODO Check Lyrics
-@item Lyrics
 @end itemize
 
 
@@ -1866,4 +1882,34 @@ copied out and compiled to test microtones in your MIDI player.
 @end ignore
 
 
+@node Percussion in MIDI
+@subsection Percussion in MIDI
+
+Percussion instruments are generally notated in a @code{DrumStaff}
+context and when notated in this way they are outputted correctly
+to MIDI channel@tie{}10, but some pitched percussion instruments,
+like the xylophone, marimba, vibraphone, timpani, etc., are
+treated like @qq{normal} instruments and music for these instruments
+should be entered in a normal @code{Staff} context, not a
+@code{DrumStaff} context, to obtain the correct MIDI output.
+
+Some non-pitched percussion sounds included in the general MIDI
+standard, like melodic tom, taiko drum, synth drum, etc., cannot
+be reached via MIDI channel@tie{}10, so the notation for such
+instruments should also be entered in a normal @code{Staff}
+context, using suitable normal pitches.
+
+Many percussion instruments are not included in the general MIDI
+standard, e.g. castanets.  The easiest, although unsatisfactory,
+method of producing some MIDI output when writing for such
+instruments is to substitute the nearest sound from the standard
+set.
+
+@c TODO Expand with examples, and any other issues
+
+@knownissues
+
+Because the general MIDI standard does not contain rim shots, the
+sidestick is used for this purpose instead.
+