X-Git-Url: https://git.donarmstrong.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=Documentation%2Fuser%2Fexpressive.itely;h=1074130f2f2f8a5898b1c7ad98a48e2be529133e;hb=aa2564cc65be5886799542e28e1a60b7ecf453ce;hp=c1c17718283fb19dd56dbd7726d14049f70cdf53;hpb=7220607f3a1fb998d837adfa8532331f05461f70;p=lilypond.git diff --git a/Documentation/user/expressive.itely b/Documentation/user/expressive.itely index c1c1771828..1074130f2f 100644 --- a/Documentation/user/expressive.itely +++ b/Documentation/user/expressive.itely @@ -6,11 +6,12 @@ version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details. @end ignore +@c \version "2.11.38" + @node Expressive marks @section Expressive marks -@lilypondfile[quote,ragged-right,line-width=16\cm,staffsize=16] -{expressive-headword.ly} +@lilypondfile[quote]{expressive-headword.ly} @menu * Attached to notes:: @@ -22,10 +23,10 @@ @node Attached to notes @subsection Attached to notes - @menu * Articulations and ornamentations:: * Dynamics:: +* New dynamic marks:: @end menu @node Articulations and ornamentations @@ -34,16 +35,44 @@ @cindex articulations @cindex scripts @cindex ornaments +@cindex espressivo +@cindex fermata +@cindex upbow +@cindex downbow +@cindex foot marks +@cindex organ pedal marks +@cindex turn +@cindex open +@cindex stopped +@cindex flageolet +@cindex reverseturn +@cindex trill +@cindex prall +@cindex mordent +@cindex prallprall +@cindex prallmordent +@cindex prall, up +@cindex prall, down +@cindex thumb marking +@cindex segno +@cindex coda +@cindex varcoda -A variety of symbols can appear above and below notes to indicate -different characteristics of the performance. All these symbols -can be attached to a note using the syntax -@var{note}@tie{}@code{\}@var{name}. +A variety of symbols that denote articulations, ornamentations, +and other performance indications can be attached to a note using +this syntax: -@c Add a LilyPond example here soon. -pm +@example +@var{note}\@var{name} +@end example The possible values for @var{name} are listed in @ref{List of -articulations}. +articulations}. For example: + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] +c4\staccato c\mordent b2\turn +c1\fermata +@end lilypond @cindex marcato @cindex stopped @@ -62,89 +91,47 @@ signifying the articulation. Predefined shorthands exist for and @notation{portato}. Their corresponding output appears as follows: -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2] +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] c4-^ c-+ c-- c-| -c-> c-. c-_ +c4-> c-. c-_ @end lilypond -The marks are placed automatically by default (either above or -below the note), but their positions can be manually @q{forced} -above or below notes as well. For details, see -@ref{Controlling direction and placement}. - -@cindex espressivo -@cindex fermata -@cindex upbow -@cindex downbow -@cindex foot marks -@cindex organ pedal marks -@cindex turn -@cindex open -@cindex stopped -@cindex flageolet -@cindex reverseturn -@cindex trill -@cindex prall -@cindex mordent -@cindex prallprall -@cindex prallmordent -@cindex prall, up -@cindex prall, down -@cindex thumb marking -@cindex segno -@cindex coda -@cindex varcoda +The rules for the default placement of articulations are defined +in @file{scm/@/script@/.scm}. Articulations and ornamentations +may be manually placed above or below the staff, see +@ref{Direction and placement}. @snippets -@c Send these snippets to Valentin for the LSR. - -The shorthands are defined in @file{ly/@/script@/-init@/.ly}, -where the variables @code{dashHat}, @code{dashPlus}, -@code{dashDash}, @code{dashBar}, @code{dashLarger}, -@code{dashDot}, and @code{dashUnderscore} are assigned default -values. The default values for the shorthands can be modified. -For example, to associate the @code{-+} (@code{dashPlus}) -shorthand with the @notation{trill} symbol instead of the default -@notation{+} symbol, assign the value @code{trill} to the variable -@code{dashPlus}: - -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right] -\relative c'' { c-+ } -dashPlus = "trill" -\relative c'' { c-+ } -@end lilypond +@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle] +{modifying-default-values-for-articulation-shorthand-notation.ly} -The vertical ordering of scripts is controlled with the -@code{script-priority} property. The lower this number, the -closer it will be put to the note. In this example, the -@code{TextScript} (the sharp symbol) first has the lowest -priority, so it is put lowest in the first example. In the -second, the @notation{prall trill} (the @code{Script}) has the -lowest, so it is on the inside. When two objects have the same -priority, the order in which they are entered decides which one -comes first. - -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=3] -\once \override TextScript #'script-priority = #-100 -a4^\prall^\markup { \sharp } - -\once \override Script #'script-priority = #-100 -a4^\prall^\markup { \sharp } -@end lilypond +@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle] +{controlling-the-vertical-ordering-of-scripts.ly} @seealso -Music Glossary: @rglos{marcato}, @rglos{stopped}, @rglos{tenuto}, -@rglos{staccatissimo}, @rglos{accent}, @rglos{staccato}, +Music Glossary: +@rglos{tenuto}, +@rglos{accent}, +@rglos{staccato}, @rglos{portato}. -Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks} +Notation Reference: +@ref{Direction and placement}, +@ref{List of articulations}. -Internals Reference: @internalsref{Script}, -@internalsref{TextScript}. +Installed Files: +@file{scm/@/script@/.scm}. + +Snippets: +@rlsr{Expressive marks}. + +Internals Reference: +@rinternals{Script}, +@rinternals{TextScript}. @knownissues @@ -156,7 +143,10 @@ MIDI rendering of the music. @node Dynamics @subsubsection Dynamics +@cindex absolute dynamics @cindex dynamics +@cindex dynamics, absolute +@funindex \ppppp @funindex \pppp @funindex \ppp @funindex \pp @@ -176,18 +166,18 @@ MIDI rendering of the music. @funindex \rfz Absolute dynamic marks are specified using a command after a note, -like @code{c4\ff}. The available dynamic marks are @code{\ppppp}, -@code{\pppp}, @code{\ppp}, @code{\pp}, @code{\p}, @code{\mp}, -@code{\mf}, @code{\f}, @code{\ff}, @code{\fff}, @code{\ffff}, -@code{\fp}, @code{\sf}, @code{\sff}, @code{\sp}, @code{\spp}, -@code{\sfz}, and @code{\rfz}. The dynamic marks can be placed -above or below the staff: For details, see -@ref{Controlling direction and placement}. - -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2] +such as @code{c4\ff}. The available dynamic marks are +@code{\ppppp}, @code{\pppp}, @code{\ppp}, @code{\pp}, @code{\p}, +@code{\mp}, @code{\mf}, @code{\f}, @code{\ff}, @code{\fff}, +@code{\ffff}, @code{\fp}, @code{\sf}, @code{\sff}, @code{\sp}, +@code{\spp}, @code{\sfz}, and @code{\rfz}. The dynamic marks may +be manually placed above or below the staff, see +@ref{Direction and placement}. + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] c2\ppp c\mp -c\rfz c^\mf -c_\spp c_\staccato^\ff +c2\rfz c^\mf +c2_\spp c^\ff @end lilypond @cindex hairpin @@ -198,61 +188,40 @@ c_\spp c_\staccato^\ff @funindex \decr A @notation{crescendo} mark is started with @code{\<} and -terminated with @code{\!} or an absolute dynamic. A -@notation{decrescendo} is started with @code{\>} and is also -terminated with @code{\!} or an absolute dynamic. @code{\cr} and -@code{\decr} may be used instead of @code{\<} and @code{\>}. They -can be engraved either using a graphical sign (a -@notation{hairpin}), or with textual signs. - -Because these marks are bound to notes, you must use spacer notes -if multiple marks are needed during one note. - -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2] -c\< c\! d\> e\! -<< f1 { s4 s4\< s4\! \> s4\! } >> +terminated with @code{\!}, an absolute dynamic, or an additional +@notation{crescendo} or @notation{decrescendo} mark. A +@notation{decrescendo} mark is started with @code{\>} and is also +terminated with @code{\!}, an absolute dynamic, or another +@notation{crescendo} or @notation{decrescendo} mark. @code{\cr} +and @code{\decr} may be used instead of @code{\<} and @code{\>}. +@notation{Hairpins} are engraved by default using this notation. + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] +c2\< c\! +d2\< d\f +e2\< e\> +f2\> f\! +e2\> e\mp +d2\> d\> +c1\! @end lilypond -This may give rise to very short hairpins. To lengthen them, use -for example @code{minimum-length} in -@internalsref{Voice}.@internalsref{Hairpin}: - -@example -\override Voice.Hairpin #'minimum-length = #5 -@end example +Spacer notes are needed to engrave multiple marks on one note. -@noindent -A @notation{hairpin} normally starts at the left edge of the -beginning note and ends on the right edge of the ending note. If -the ending note falls on the downbeat, the @notation{hairpin} ends -on the immediately preceding bar line. This may be modified by -setting the @code{hairpinToBarline} property: - -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2] -e4\< e2. e1\! -\set hairpinToBarline = ##f -e4\< e2. e1\! +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] +c4\< c\! d\> e\! +<< f1 { s4 s4\< s4\> s4\! } >> @end lilypond -@cindex espressivo, articulation +@cindex espressivo articulation In some situations the @code{\espressivo} articulation mark may be -suitable to indicate a crescendo and decrescendo on the one note: - -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2] -c2 b4 a g1\espressivo -@end lilypond +the appropriate choice to indicate a @notation{crescendo} and +@notation{decrescendo} on one note: -@cindex al niente -@cindex niente, al - -Hairpins may be printed with a circled tip (al niente notation) by -setting the @code{circled-tip} property: - -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2] -\override Hairpin #'circled-tip = ##t -c2\< c\! -c4\> c\< c2\! +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] +c2 b4 a +g1\espressivo @end lilypond @cindex crescendo @@ -260,49 +229,36 @@ c4\> c\< c2\! @cindex diminuendo @funindex \setTextCresc @funindex \setTextDim +@funindex \setTextDecr @funindex \setTextDecresc @funindex \setHairpinCresc @funindex \setHairpinDim @funindex \setHairpinDecresc -You can use text saying @emph{cresc.}, @emph{decr.}, or -@emph{dim.} instead of hairpins with the commands -@code{\setTextCresc}, @code{\setTextDim}, and -@code{\setTextDecresc}. The corresponding -@code{\setHairpinCresc}, @code{\setHairpinDim}, and -@code{\setHairpinDecresc} will revert to hairpins again: - -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2] +@notation{Crescendos} and @notation{decrescendos} can be engraved +as textual markings instead of hairpins. The built-in commands +that enable these text modes are @code{\setTextCresc}, +@code{\setTextDecresc}, @code{\setTextDecr}, and +@code{\setTextDim}. The corresponding @code{\setHairpinCresc}, +@code{\setHairpinDim}, and @code{\setHairpinDecresc} commands will +revert to hairpins again: + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] +c4\< d e f\! +e4\> d c b\! \setTextCresc -c\< d e f\! -\setHairpinCresc -e\> d c b\! +c4\< d e f\! \setTextDecresc -e\> d e f\! -\setTextDecr -c\> d e f\! -\setTextDim -e\> d c b\! -@end lilypond - -You can also supply your own texts and change the style of the -spanner line with the properties @code{\crescendoText}, -@code{\crescendoSpanner}, @code{\decrescendoText}, and -@code{\decrescendoSpanner}. Available values for the spanner -properties are @code{hairpin}, @code{line}, @code{dashed-line}, -and @code{dotted-line}. If unset, a hairpin crescendo is used: - -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1] -\set crescendoText = \markup { \italic "cresc. poco" } -\set crescendoSpanner = #'dotted-line -a'2\< a a a a a a a\!\mf +e4\> d c b\! +\setHairpinCresc +c4\< d e f\! @end lilypond -To create new dynamic marks or text that should be aligned with -dynamics, see @ref{New dynamic marks}. +To create new absolute dynamic marks or text that should be +aligned with dynamics, see @ref{New dynamic marks}. Vertical positioning of dynamics is handled by -@internalsref{DynamicLineSpanner}. +@rinternals{DynamicLineSpanner}. @predefined @@ -317,49 +273,130 @@ Vertical positioning of dynamics is handled by @snippets -Dynamics that occur at, begin on, or end on the same note will be -vertically aligned. If you want to ensure that dynamics are -aligned when they do not occur on the same note, you can increase -the @code{staff-padding} property. +@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle] +{setting-hairpin-behavior-at-bar-lines.ly} -@example -\override DynamicLineSpanner #'staff-padding = #4 -@end example +@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle] +{setting-the-minimum-length-of-hairpins.ly} -@noindent -You may also use this property if the dynamics are colliding with -other notation. +@cindex al niente +@cindex niente, al -Crescendi and decrescendi that cross a line break will be -continued on the second line. If they end on the first note of a -new line, nothing will be printed on that line. To change this -behavior, use +@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle] +{printing-hairpins-using-al-niente-notation.ly} -@example -\override Score.Hairpin #'after-line-breaking = ##t -@end example +@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle] +{vertically-aligning-dynamics-across-multiple-notes.ly} -Text style dynamic changes (such as @emph{cresc.} and @emph{dim.}) -are printed with a dashed line showing their extent. To surpress -printing this line, use +@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle] +{hiding-the-extender-line-for-text-dynamics.ly} -@example -\override DynamicTextSpanner #'dash-period = #-1.0 -@end example +@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle] +{changing-text-and-spanner-styles-for-text-dynamics.ly} @seealso -Music Glossary: @rglos{hairpin}, @rglos{crescendo}, +@c TODO: Add hairpin to glossary. + +Music Glossary: +@rglos{crescendo}, @rglos{decrescendo}. -Learning Manual: @rlearning{Articulation and dynamics}. +Learning Manual: +@rlearning{Articulation and dynamics}. + +Notation Reference: +@ref{Direction and placement}, +@ref{New dynamic marks}. + +Snippets: +@rlsr{Expressive marks}. + +Internals Reference: +@rinternals{DynamicText}, +@rinternals{Hairpin}, +@rinternals{DynamicLineSpanner}. + + +@node New dynamic marks +@subsubsection New dynamic marks + +@cindex new dynamic marks +@cindex dynamic marks, new + +The easiest way to create dynamic indications is to use +@code{\markup} objects. + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote] +moltoF = \markup { molto \dynamic f } + +\relative c' { + 16 + 2.._\moltoF +} +@end lilypond + +@cindex dynamics, editorial +@cindex dynamics, parenthesis + +Markup mode makes possible, for instance, to add +editorial dynamics, printed in round parenthesis or square +brackets. Its syntax is described in @ref{Formatting text}. -Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks} +@lilypond[verbatim,quote] +roundf = \markup { \center-align { \line { \bold { \italic ( } + \dynamic f \bold { \italic ) } } } } +boxf = \markup { \bracket { \dynamic f } } +\relative c' { + c1_\roundf + c1_\boxf +} +@end lilypond + +Markup objects are treated differently from authentic dynamic marks. +Defining dynamic objects that will be entered and printed exactly like +standard dynamic marks is also possible, using the following function: -Internals Reference: @internalsref{DynamicText}, -@internalsref{Hairpin}. Vertical positioning of these symbols is -handled by @internalsref{DynamicLineSpanner}. +@cindex make-dynamic-script + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote] +sfzp = #(make-dynamic-script "sfzp") +\relative c' { + c4 c c\sfzp c +} +@end lilypond + +@noindent +Note that the dynamic font only contains the characters +@code{f,m,p,r,s} and @code{z}. To switch to other font families, +it is necessary to use markup mode in its Scheme form, as +explained in @ref{Markup construction in Scheme}. + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote] +moltoF = #(make-dynamic-script (markup + #:normal-text "molto" + #:dynamic "f")) +\relative c' { + 16 + 2..\moltoF +} +@end lilypond + +@noindent +Font settings in markup mode are described in +@ref{Common markup commands}. + + +@seealso + +Notation Reference: +@ref{Formatting text}, +@ref{Common markup commands}, +@ref{Markup construction in Scheme}. + +Snippets: +@rlsr{Expressive marks}. @node Curves @@ -377,26 +414,43 @@ handled by @internalsref{DynamicLineSpanner}. @cindex slurs -A @notation{slur} indicates that notes are to be played bound or -@emph{legato}. They are entered using parentheses: +@notation{Slurs} are entered using parentheses: -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2] -f( g a) a8 b( a4 g2 f4) +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] +f4( g a) a8 b( +a4 g2 f4) 2( 2) @end lilypond -Just as with ties, the direction of a slur can be specified with -@code{\slur@emph{DIR}}, where @code{@emph{DIR}} is either -@code{Up}, @code{Down}, or @code{Neutral} (@code{Neutral} is the -default). The shorthands are also available: For details, see -@ref{Controlling direction and placement}. +@notation{Slurs} may be manually placed above or below the staff, +see @ref{Direction and placement}. + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] +c2( d) +\slurDown +c2( d) +\slurNeutral +c2( d) +@end lilypond -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2] -c4_( c) c^( c) +Different styles of @notation{slurs} may be created with the +commands @code{\slurDashed} and @code{slurDotted}; +@code{\slurSolid} reverts back to the default @notation{slur} +style: + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1] +c4( e g2) +\slurDashed +g4( e c2) +\slurDotted +c4( e g2) +\slurSolid +g4( e c2) @end lilypond -Using this method, only one slur can be printed at once. To print -a long slur over a few small slurs, see @ref{Phrasing slurs}. +Using this method, only one slur can be printed at once. +@notation{Phrasing slurs} must be used to print a long slur over +one or more small slurs. For details, see @ref{Phrasing slurs}. @predefined @@ -417,22 +471,24 @@ a long slur over a few small slurs, see @ref{Phrasing slurs}. @snippets -Some composers write two slurs when they want legato chords. This -can be achieved in LilyPond by setting @code{doubleSlurs}, - -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1] -\set doubleSlurs = ##t -4 ( ) -@end lilypond +@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle] +{using-double-slurs-for-legato-chords.ly} @seealso -Music Glossary: @rglos{slur} +Music Glossary: +@rglos{slur}. + +Notation Reference: +@ref{Direction and placement}, +@ref{Phrasing slurs}. -Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks} +Snippets: +@rlsr{Expressive marks}. -Internals Reference: @internalsref{Slur}. +Internals Reference: +@rinternals{Slur}. @node Phrasing slurs @@ -443,22 +499,28 @@ Internals Reference: @internalsref{Slur}. @funindex \( @funindex \) -A phrasing slur (or phrasing mark) connects notes and is used to -indicate a musical sentence. It is written using @code{\(} and -@code{\)} respectively: +@notation{Phrasing slurs} (or @notation{phrasing marks}) that +indicate a musical sentence are written using the commands +@code{\(} and @code{\)} respectively: -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1] -\time 6/4 c'\( d( e) f( e) d\) +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] +c4\( d( e) f( +e2) d\) @end lilypond -Typographically, the phrasing slur behaves almost exactly like a -normal slur. However, they are treated as different objects. A -@code{\slurUp} will have no effect on a phrasing slur; instead, -use @code{\phrasingSlurUp}, @code{\phrasingSlurDown}, and -@code{\phrasingSlurNeutral}. The shorthands work for phrasing -slurs as well: For details, see @ref{Controlling direction and placement}. +Typographically, a @notation{phrasing slur} behaves almost exactly +like a normal @notation{slur}. However, they are treated as +different objects; a @code{\slurUp} will have no effect on a +@notation{phrasing slur}. Phrasing slurs may be manually placed +above or below the staff, see @ref{Direction and placement}. + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1] +c4\( g' c,( b) | c1\) +\phrasingSlurUp +c4\( g' c,( b) | c1\) +@end lilypond -You cannot have simultaneous phrasing slurs. +Simultaneous phrasing slurs are not permitted. @predefined @@ -473,9 +535,14 @@ You cannot have simultaneous phrasing slurs. @seealso -Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks} +Notation Reference: +@ref{Direction and placement}. -Internals Reference: @internalsref{PhrasingSlur} +Snippets: +@rlsr{Expressive marks}. + +Internals Reference: +@rinternals{PhrasingSlur}. @node Breath marks @@ -486,31 +553,32 @@ Internals Reference: @internalsref{PhrasingSlur} Breath marks are entered using @code{\breathe}: -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1] -c'4 \breathe d4 +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] +c2. \breathe d4 @end lilypond +Musical indicators for breath marks in ancient notation, +@notation{divisiones}, are supported. For details, see +@ref{Divisiones}. + @snippets -The glyph of the breath mark can be tuned by overriding the -@code{text} property of the @code{BreathingSign} layout object -with any markup text. For example, +@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle] +{changing-the-breath-mark-symbol.ly} -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1] -c'4 -\override BreathingSign #'text - = #(make-musicglyph-markup "scripts.rvarcomma") -\breathe -d4 -@end lilypond @seealso -Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks} +Notation Reference: +@ref{Divisiones}. + +Snippets: +@rlsr{Expressive marks}. @c @lsr{expressive,breathing-sign.ly}. -Internals Reference: @internalsref{BreathingSign} +Internals Reference: +@rinternals{BreathingSign}. @node Falls and doits @@ -521,20 +589,35 @@ Internals Reference: @internalsref{BreathingSign} @funindex \bendAfter @notation{Falls} and @notation{doits} can be added to notes using -the @code{\bendAfter} command, +the @code{\bendAfter} command: -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2] -\override Score.SpacingSpanner #'shortest-duration-space = #3.0 -c4-\bendAfter #+5 -c4-\bendAfter #-3 +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] +c2-\bendAfter #+4 +c2-\bendAfter #-4 +c2-\bendAfter #+8 +c2-\bendAfter #-8 @end lilypond +The dash (@tie{-}) immediately preceding the @code{\bendAfter} +command is @emph{required} when writing @notation{falls} and +@notation{doits}. + + +@snippets + +@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle] +{adjusting-the-shape-of-falls-and-doits.ly} + @seealso -Music Glossary: @rglos{falls}, @rglos{doits}. +@c TODO: add falls and doits to glossary. +@c Music Glossary: +@c @rglos{falls}, +@c @rglos{doits}. -Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks} +Snippets: +@rlsr{Expressive marks}. @node Lines @@ -552,41 +635,40 @@ Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks} @cindex glissando @funindex \glissando -A @notation{glissando} is a smooth change in pitch. It is denoted -by a line or a wavy line between two notes. A -@notation{glissando} is created by attaching @code{\glissando} to -a note: +A @notation{glissando} is created by attaching @code{\glissando} +to a note: -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2] -c2\glissando c' -\override Glissando #'style = #'zigzag +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] +g2\glissando g' c2\glissando c, @end lilypond +Different styles of @notation{glissandi} can be created. For +details, see @ref{Line styles}. @snippets -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right] -I = \once \override NoteColumn #'ignore-collision = ##t - -\relative c' << - { \oneVoice \stemDown f2 \glissando \stemNeutral a } \\ - { \oneVoice \I c2 \glissando \I d, } ->> -@end lilypond +@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle] +{contemporary-glissando.ly} @seealso -Music Glossary: @rglos{glissando} +Music Glossary: +@rglos{glissando}. + +Notation Reference: +@ref{Line styles}. -Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks} +Snippets: +@rlsr{Expressive marks}. @c FIXME: I need to figure out what's up with these. -gp @c @lsr{expressive,glissando.ly}, @c @lsr{expressive,line-styles.ly} -Internals Reference: @internalsref{Glissando} +Internals Reference: +@rinternals{Glissando}. @knownissues @@ -600,44 +682,66 @@ supported. @cindex arpeggio @cindex broken chord -@funindex \arpeggio +@cindex chord, broken -You can specify an @notation{arpeggio} (also known as a -@notation{broken chord}) on a chord by attaching an -@code{\arpeggio} to the chord: +An @notation{arpeggio} on a chord (also known as a +@notation{broken chord}) is denoted by appending @code{\arpeggio} +to the chord construct: -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1] -\arpeggio +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1] +1\arpeggio @end lilypond -A square bracket on the left, denoted by @code{\arpeggioBracket}, -is used to indicate that the chord should @emph{not} be -arpeggiated: +The direction of an @notation{arpeggio} is indicated by adding an +arrowhead to the wiggly line. The commands @code{\arpeggioUp} and +@code{\arpeggioDown} are used for this task. +@code{\arpeggioNeutral} reverts back to an arrow-less +@notation{arpeggio}: + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1] +\arpeggioUp +2\arpeggio +\arpeggioDown +2\arpeggio +\arpeggioNeutral +1\arpeggio +@end lilypond -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1] +The command @code{\arpeggioBracket} can be used to create a square +bracket on the left of a chord, indicating that the chord should +@emph{not} be arpeggiated. @code{\arpeggioNeutral} reverts back +to a regular arpeggio: + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1] +2 \arpeggioBracket -\arpeggio +2\arpeggio +\arpeggioNeutral +1\arpeggio @end lilypond -The direction of the arpeggio can be denoted by adding an -arrowhead to the wiggly line. This is done with the commands -@code{arpeggioUp} and @code{arpeggioDown}. @code{arpeggioNeutral} -reverts to the arrow-less version: - -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1] -\new Voice { - \arpeggioUp - \arpeggio - \arpeggioDown - \arpeggio - \arpeggioNeutral - \arpeggio -} +A @emph{parenthesis} style bracket may be attached to an +@notation{arpeggio} instead of a square bracket. + +@c Maybe create a new \arpeggioParen command, or something +@c like that. -pm + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1] +2 +\override Arpeggio #'stencil = #ly:arpeggio::brew-chord-slur +\override Arpeggio #'X-extent = #ly:grob::stencil-width +2\arpeggio +\arpeggioNeutral +1\arpeggio @end lilypond +@notation{Arpeggios} can be explicitly written out with +@notation{ties}. For more information, see @ref{Ties}. @predefined +@funindex \arpeggio +@code{\arpeggio}, @funindex \arpeggioUp @code{\arpeggioUp}, @funindex \arpeggioDown @@ -650,74 +754,32 @@ reverts to the arrow-less version: @snippets -In a @code{PianoStaff}, it is possible to let an arpeggio cross -between the staves by setting the property -@code{PianoStaff}.@code{connectArpeggios}. +@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle] +{creating-cross-staff-arpeggios-in-a-piano-staff.ly} -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1] -\new PianoStaff << - \set PianoStaff.connectArpeggios = ##t - \new Staff { \arpeggio } - \new Staff { \clef bass \arpeggio } ->> -@end lilypond - -The same can be accomplished in contexts other than -@code{PianoStaff} if the @code{Span_arpeggio_engraver} is included -in the Score context. - -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right] -\score { - \new StaffGroup { - \set Score.connectArpeggios = ##t - << - \new Voice \relative c' { - 4\arpeggio - } - \new Voice \relative c { - \clef bass - 4\arpeggio - } - >> - } - \layout { - \context { - \Score - \consists "Span_arpeggio_engraver" - } - } -} -@end lilypond +@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle] +{creating-cross-staff-arpeggios-in-other-contexts.ly} -Similarly, an arpeggio can be drawn across notes in different -voices on the same staff if the @code{Span_arpeggio_engraver} is -moved to the Staff context: - -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right] -\new Staff -\with { - \consists "Span_arpeggio_engraver" -} \relative c' { - \set Staff.connectArpeggios = ##t - << - {4\arpeggio 2 } - \\ - {2\arpeggio 2 } - >> -} -@end lilypond +@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle] +{creating-arpeggios-across-notes-in-different-voices.ly} @seealso -Music Glossary: @rglos{arpeggio}, @rglos{broken chord}. +@c TODO: Add 'broken chord' to glossary. + +Music Glossary: +@rglos{arpeggio}. -Notation Reference: @ref{Ties}, for writing out arpeggios. +Notation Reference: +@ref{Ties}. -Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks} +Snippets: +@rlsr{Expressive marks}. -Internals Reference: @internalsref{Arpeggio}, -@internalsref{PianoStaff}. +Internals Reference: +@rinternals{Arpeggio}, +@rinternals{PianoStaff}. @knownissues @@ -733,29 +795,34 @@ time. @cindex trills @funindex \trill -Short @notation{trills} are printed with @code{\trill} like normal -articulation; see @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}. +Short @notation{trills} without an extender line are printed with +@code{\trill}; see @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}. -Long running trills are made with @code{\startTrillSpan} and -@code{\stopTrillSpan}. In the following example, it is shown in -the common combination with grace notes. If a more precise -control of the placement of the grace notes is needed, see -@ref{Grace notes}. +Long running @notation{trills} are made with +@code{\startTrillSpan} and @code{\stopTrillSpan}. In the +following example, a long running @notation{trill} is shown +combined with grace notes. To achieve precise control of the +placement of the grace notes, see @ref{Grace notes}. -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2] +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2] c1 \afterGrace d1\startTrillSpan { c16[\stopTrillSpan d] } c4 @end lilypond @cindex pitched trills +@cindex trills, pitched -Trills that should be executed on an explicitly specified pitch -can be typeset with the command @code{\pitchedTrill}, and the -syntax @code{\pitchedTrill} @var{mainnote} @code{\startTrillSpan} -@var{trillnote} @var{endnote} @code{\stopTrillSpan}. +@notation{Trills} that should be executed on an explicitly +specified pitch can be typeset with the command +@code{\pitchedTrill} using the following syntax: -@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1] +@example +@code{\pitchedTrill} @var{mainnote} @code{\startTrillSpan} +@var{trillnote} @var{endnote} @code{\stopTrillSpan} +@end example + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1] \pitchedTrill e2 \startTrillSpan fis d\stopTrillSpan @end lilypond @@ -775,8 +842,15 @@ printed as a stemless note head in parentheses. @seealso -Music Glossary: @rglos{trill} +Music Glossary: +@rglos{trill}. + +Notation Reference: +@ref{Articulations and ornamentations}, +@ref{Grace notes}. -Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks} +Snippets: +@rlsr{Expressive marks}. -Internals Reference: @internalsref{TrillSpanner} +Internals Reference: +@rinternals{TrillSpanner}.