X-Git-Url: https://git.donarmstrong.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=Documentation%2Fuser%2Feducational.itely;h=ad18dd081890285f644703fd43f33108478d1822;hb=bc196049a8d71a528630ab6e83bf9ecadd50f837;hp=9a7f5c68f381cd73b625db070c30847e3ac65401;hpb=3ce2f5db132c32fac2566dfb1892fecfd3c2db13;p=lilypond.git diff --git a/Documentation/user/educational.itely b/Documentation/user/educational.itely index 9a7f5c68f3..ad18dd0818 100644 --- a/Documentation/user/educational.itely +++ b/Documentation/user/educational.itely @@ -6,154 +6,18 @@ version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details. @end ignore -@node Educational use -@section Educational use +@node Editorial annotations +@section Editorial annotations + +@lilypondfile[ragged-right,line-width=16\cm,staffsize=16,quote] +{editorial-headword.ly} @menu -* Note heads:: * Inside the staff:: * Outside the staff:: @end menu -@node Note heads -@subsection Note heads - -@menu -* Easy notation note heads:: -* Shape note heads:: -* Improvisation:: -* Special noteheads:: -@end menu - -@node Easy notation note heads -@unnumberedsubsubsec Easy notation note heads - -@cindex note heads, practice -@cindex note heads, easy notation -@cindex easy notation -@cindex Hal Leonard - -The @q{easy play} note head includes a note name inside the head. -It is used in music for beginners - -@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,staffsize=26] - \setEasyHeads - c'2 e'4 f' | g'1 -@end lilypond - -The command @code{\setEasyHeads} overrides settings for the -@internalsref{NoteHead} object. To make the letters readable, it -has to be printed in a large font size. To print with a larger -font, see @ref{Setting the staff size}. - -@refcommands - -@funindex \setEasyHeads -@code{\setEasyHeads} - - -@node Shape note heads -@unnumberedsubsubsec Shape note heads - -@cindex note heads, shape - -In shape note head notation, the shape of the note head -corresponds to the harmonic function of a note in the scale. This -notation was popular in the 19th century American song books. - -Shape note heads can be produced by setting @code{\aikenHeads} or -@code{\sacredHarpHeads}, depending on the style desired. - -@lilypond[verbatim,relative=1,fragment] - \aikenHeads - c8 d4 e8 a2 g1 - \sacredHarpHeads - c8 d4. e8 a2 g1 -@end lilypond - -Shapes are determined on the step in the scale, where the base of -the scale is determined by the @code{\key} command - -@funindex \key -@funindex shapeNoteStyles -@funindex \aikenHeads -@funindex \sacredHarpHeads - -Shape note heads are implemented through the -@code{shapeNoteStyles} property. Its value is a vector of -symbols. The k-th element indicates the style to use for the k-th -step of the scale. Arbitrary combinations are possible, e.g. - -@lilypond[verbatim,relative=1,fragment] -\set shapeNoteStyles = - ##(cross triangle fa #f mensural xcircle diamond) -c8 d4. e8 a2 g1 -@end lilypond - - -@node Improvisation -@unnumberedsubsubsec Improvisation - -Improvisation is sometimes denoted with slashed note heads. Such -note heads can be created by adding a -@internalsref{Pitch_squash_engraver} to the @internalsref{Voice} -context. Then, the following command - -@example -\set squashedPosition = #0 -\override NoteHead #'style = #'slash -@end example - -@noindent -switches on the slashes. - -There are shortcuts @code{\improvisationOn} (and an accompanying -@code{\improvisationOff}) for this command sequence. They are -used in the following example - -@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote] -\new Voice \with { - \consists Pitch_squash_engraver -} \transpose c c' { - e8 e g a a16(bes)(a8) g \improvisationOn - e8 - ~e2~e8 f4 fis8 - ~fis2 \improvisationOff a16(bes) a8 g e -} -@end lilypond - - -@node Special noteheads -@unnumberedsubsubsec Special noteheads - -@cindex note heads, special - -Different noteheads are used by various instruments for various -meanings -- crosses are used for @q{parlato} with vocalists, -stopped notes on guitar; diamonds are used for harmonics on string -instruments, etc. There is a shorthand (@code{\harmonic}) for -diamond shapes; the other notehead styles are produced by tweaking -the property - -@lilypond[ragged-right,relative=1,fragment,verbatim,quote] -c4 d -\override NoteHead #'style = #'cross -e f -\revert NoteHead #'style -e d -@end lilypond - -@noindent -To see all notehead styles, please see @ref{Note head styles}. - - -@seealso - -Program reference: @internalsref{NoteHead}. - - - @node Inside the staff @subsection Inside the staff @@ -164,7 +28,6 @@ Program reference: @internalsref{NoteHead}. * Hidden notes:: * Coloring objects:: * Parentheses:: -* Ambitus:: * Stems:: @end menu @@ -282,7 +145,7 @@ instructions very close to note heads in monophonic music, @seealso -Program reference: @internalsref{Fingering}. +Internals Reference: @internalsref{Fingering}. Examples: @lsr{expressive,fingering-chords.ly} @@ -373,6 +236,17 @@ which is deliberate nonsense. @end lilypond +TODO +you can get exact RGB colors by specifying + +% black +\override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0) +% white +\override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 1 1 1) +% dark blue +\override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0.5) + + @seealso Appendix: @ref{List of colors}. @@ -408,107 +282,14 @@ the music event, >4-\parenthesize -. @end lilypond -This only functions inside chords, even for single notes +This only functions inside chords, to parenthesize a single note it +must be enclosed with @code{<>} as if it is a chord. @example < \parenthesize NOTE> @end example -@node Ambitus -@unnumberedsubsubsec Ambitus -@cindex ambitus - -The term @emph{ambitus} denotes a range of pitches for a given -voice in a part of music. It may also denote the pitch range that -a musical instrument is capable of playing. Ambits are printed on -vocal parts, so performers can easily determine it meets their -capabilities. - -Ambits are denoted at the beginning of a piece near the initial -clef. The range is graphically specified by two note heads that -represent the minimum and maximum pitch. To print such ambits, -add the @internalsref{Ambitus_engraver} to the -@internalsref{Voice} context, for example, - -@example -\layout @{ - \context @{ - \Voice - \consists Ambitus_engraver - @} -@} -@end example - -This results in the following output - -@lilypond[quote,ragged-right] -\layout { - \context { - \Staff - \consists Ambitus_engraver - } -} - -\relative \new Staff { - as'' c e2 cis,2 -} -@end lilypond - -If you have multiple voices in a single staff and you want a -single ambitus per staff rather than per each voice, add the -@internalsref{Ambitus_engraver} to the @internalsref{Staff} -context rather than to the @internalsref{Voice} context. Here is -an example, - -@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote] -\new Staff \with { - \consists "Ambitus_engraver" -} -<< - \new Voice \with { - \remove "Ambitus_engraver" - } \relative c'' { - \override Ambitus #'X-offset = #-1.0 - \voiceOne - c4 a d e f2 - } - \new Voice \with { - \remove "Ambitus_engraver" - } \relative c' { - \voiceTwo - es4 f g as b2 - } ->> -@end lilypond - -@noindent -This example uses one advanced feature, - -@example -\override Ambitus #'X-offset = #-1.0 -@end example - -@noindent -This code moves the ambitus to the left. The same effect could -have been achieved with @code{extra-offset}, but then the -formatting system would not reserve space for the moved object. - -@seealso - -Program reference: @internalsref{Ambitus}, -@internalsref{AmbitusLine}, @internalsref{AmbitusNoteHead}, -@internalsref{AmbitusAccidental}. - -Examples: -@lsr{vocal,ambitus@/.ly}. - -@refbugs - -There is no collision handling in the case of multiple per-voice -ambitus. - - @node Stems @unnumberedsubsubsec Stems @@ -528,7 +309,7 @@ but made invisible. @commonprop -To change the direction of stems in the middle of the staff, use +To change the direction of stems on the center line of the staff, use @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2,verbatim] a4 b c b @@ -547,6 +328,7 @@ a4 b c b * Balloon help:: * Grid lines:: * Blank music sheet:: +* Analysis brackets:: @end menu @node Balloon help @@ -562,7 +344,7 @@ The following example demonstrates its use. \new Voice \with { \consists "Balloon_engraver" } { \balloonGrobText #'Stem #'(3 . 4) \markup { "I'm a Stem" } - 8 + 8 } @end lilypond @@ -577,7 +359,7 @@ The other arguments are the offset and the text of the label. @seealso -Program reference: @internalsref{text-balloon-interface}. +Internals Reference: @internalsref{text-balloon-interface}. @node Grid lines @@ -597,7 +379,7 @@ notes. \new Score \with { \consists "Grid_line_span_engraver" - %% centers grid lines horizontally below noteheads + %% centers grid lines horizontally below note heads \override NoteColumn #'X-offset = #-0.5 } @@ -655,4 +437,37 @@ emptymusic = { @end lilypond +@node Analysis brackets +@unnumberedsubsubsec Analysis brackets + +@cindex brackets +@cindex phrasing brackets +@cindex musicological analysis +@cindex note grouping bracket + +Brackets are used in musical analysis to indicate structure in +musical pieces. LilyPond supports a simple form of nested +horizontal brackets. To use this, add the +@internalsref{Horizontal_bracket_engraver} to the +@internalsref{Staff} context. A bracket is started with +@code{\startGroup} and closed with @code{\stopGroup}. + +@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim] +\score { + \relative c'' { + c4\startGroup\startGroup + c4\stopGroup + c4\startGroup + c4\stopGroup\stopGroup + } + \layout { + \context { + \Staff \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver" +}}} +@end lilypond + +@seealso + +Internals Reference: @internalsref{HorizontalBracket}. +